Academician Alexander Chubaryan: “We will not sign a textbook in which Bandera will be a hero!” Luzhkov is an honored brewer, and Chubais is an honorary Chechen

09/22/2006, Photo by Anatoly Zhdanov and UNIAN.

Orders according to order

Deputies and ministers are increasingly receiving state awards for unknown merits

Olga Vandysheva

It seems that the passion for orders that Soviet leaders experienced is becoming fashionable in modern Russia. Today, not a single more or less famous deputy or official can do without some kind of state award. At the same time, the merits of the majority of order bearers remain largely unknown to anyone.

Well, for example, what did the son of LDPR leader Vladimir Zhirinovsky, Igor Lebedev, do so outstanding? He, of course, heads the Liberal Democratic faction in the State Duma. But this, you see, is not a reason to immediately hang a high state award on his chest. Nevertheless, Deputy Lebedev this summer found himself awarded the medal of the Order of Merit for the Fatherland, II degree, as presidential representative Alexander Kosopkin told parliamentarians before the start of the autumn session of the State Duma.

Along with Lebedev, other people's representatives were also included in the list of those noted. Moreover, the names of some of them mean nothing either to ordinary voters or to their colleagues in the Duma.

For example, the medal of the Order of Merit for the Fatherland, II degree, was awarded to deputies Zainulla Bagishaev, Yuri Barzykin, Alexander Belousov, Evgeniy Bogomolny, Mikhail Bugera, Vladimir Vasilyev, Alexander Koval, Yuri Nazmeev, Vera Oskina, Lyudmila Pirozhnikova, Anatoly Semenchenko... And Vladimir Aseev and Andrey Golovatyuk received medals of the Order of Merit for the Fatherland, 1st degree.

Martin Shakkum received the Order of Merit for the Fatherland, IV degree, Vitaly Margelov received the Order of Honor. Several more deputies were awarded the Order of Friendship - Otari Arshba, Mikhail Babich, Alexey Volkov, Konstantin Zatulin, Yuri Medvedev, Zelimkhan Mutsoev, Vladimir Nikitin.

For what services were these deputies awarded? The decree has a standard vague wording: “For active participation in legislative work and many years of conscientious work.” But it was not possible to find out what specific cases are meant by these phrases. The awardees themselves refused to talk about this sensitive topic. Probably out of modesty.

And communist deputy Viktor Ilyukhin believes that most of these awards are completely undeserved:

They often award awards to deputies whom I have never even seen on the Duma rostrum...

However, there is one interesting trend. Almost all of the above order bearers are members of United Russia. And this already explains a lot. In any case, this circumstance does not surprise domestic award specialists (falerists).

The modern reward system in Russia is applied mainly to loyal politicians and officials. Although, of course, this has been the case at all times, says the editor-in-chief of the Reward almanac, the famous Russian falerist Alexei PAVLIKOV. - But there are also differences from, say, the Soviet era. The USSR was full of workers and collective farmers - order bearers. And today, for example, only three workers have been awarded the Order of Merit for the Fatherland. But there are more than enough ministers and deputies on these lists. They are awarded indiscriminately and without any specific merit.

The curator of the State Historical Museum, leading Russian falerist Valery DUROV also does not see the logic in awarding state awards:

It seems that state awards are given out randomly; on what basis and for what is not clear.

However, a certain logic of the awards can still be traced. Thus, it becomes relevant again to award orders for anniversaries. For example, the head of government, Mikhail Fradkov, received the Order of Merit for the Fatherland, II degree, on his 50th birthday. As stated in the Presidential Decree, “for his great personal contribution to the implementation of state economic policy and many years of conscientious work.” The same order, only IV degree, was awarded to the Minister of Health Mikhail Zurabov. He also received a state award on his 50th birthday with the wording: “For his great contribution to the implementation of social policy and many years of conscientious work.” Apparently, he received the order as an advance for his subsequent monetization of benefits. And the Minister of Industry and Energy Viktor Khristenko received the same order on his 49th birthday “for his great personal contribution to the development of technical and economic cooperation between states.”

Former USSR President Mikhail Gorbachev was awarded the Order of Honor on his 70th birthday “for his great contribution to the development of democratic reforms.” And Deputy Speaker of the State Duma Vladimir Zhirinovsky was awarded the Order of Merit for the Fatherland, IV degree, for a double reason. On the one hand - own

The 60th anniversary, on the other - the 100th anniversary of the State Duma. Moreover, the high award was presented to Zhirinovsky personally by Vladimir Putin in the Catherine Hall of the Kremlin. Just like the other 25 lucky senators and deputies who were awarded in connection with the centenary of Russian parliamentarism according to orders issued from above, as Zhirinovsky himself told KP. One order was then allocated to the LDPR faction. And the Liberal Democrats unanimously decided that none other than their permanent leader and inspirer was worthy of him.

If you look into it, then the awards are a complete mess,” says Alexey Pavlikov, “the statutes of the awards and the sequence of their awarding are not respected. For example, the statute of the Order “For Merit to the Fatherland” states that it is awarded to individuals for particularly outstanding services to the people related to the development of Russian statehood, achievements in labor, strengthening peace, friendship and cooperation between peoples, and significant contributions to the defense of the Fatherland. But few of the deputies and officials, it seems to me, have such “outstanding services to the people.”

Many deputies and ministers should be given awards, just like a silver galosh. For example, for the “excellent” monetization of benefits and the infringement of the rights of citizens, says Hero of the Soviet Union, President of the Heroes of the Fatherland Foundation Valery BURKOV. - As for the policy of distributing state awards, many people receive them completely undeservedly. And I would personally fire some of the awardees from their jobs. In addition, contrary to the Presidential Decree, there are often cases when, instead of sequential awarding, the order is awarded immediately to II or I degrees. The law on state awards has not yet been adopted.

Of course, it would be unfair to say that every single government figure who has received high awards did not deserve them. Perhaps some order bearers really have considerable merit to the people. It’s just strange that the people themselves know nothing about this. It is also surprising that orders are issued according to orders and for anniversaries. And it turns out that the practice of distributing state awards is gradually becoming somehow vicious. And the high status of the state award, alas, is depreciating. Although any state order is a priori more than a birthday gift, a bonus, etc. And it must really be given out for worthy deeds.

Order bearers

Luzhkov is an honored brewer, and Chubais is an honorary Chechen

Here is a list of some insignia of our officials

Head of the Ministry of Emergency Situations Sergei SHOIGU- title of Hero of the Russian Federation, Order “For Merit to the Fatherland”, III degree, Order “For Personal Courage”, medal “Defender of a Free Russia”.

Director of the FSB of the Russian Federation Nikolai PATRUSHEV- title of Hero of the Russian Federation, Order “For Military Merit”, Order “In the Name of Russia”, Order of St. Prince Daniel and the Order of St. Prince Dimitry Donskoy.

Minister of Defense Sergei IVANOV- Order of Merit for the Fatherland, II degree, Order of Military Merit, Order of Honor.

Minister of Finance Alexey KUDRIN- badge of the Order of Alexander Nevsky - gold medal “For Labor and Fatherland”, order “In the Name of Russia”.

Minister of Agriculture Alexey GORDEEV- Order of Merit for the Fatherland, III degree, Order of Honor, Order of St. Sergius of Radonezh.

Minister of Foreign Affairs Sergei LAVROV- Order of Merit for the Fatherland, III degree, Order of Honor, Order of St. Sergius of Radonezh, II degree, Order of St. Prince Daniel.

Minister of Internal Affairs Rashid NURGALIEV- Order of St. Prince Dimitri Donskoy.

Minister of Information Technologies and Communications of the Russian Federation Leonid REIMAN- Order of Merit for the Fatherland, IV degree.

Mayor of Moscow Yuri LUZHKOV- Order of Military Merit, Order of St. Macarius, Order of St. Prince Dimitri Donskoy, Muslim Order of Al-Fakhr (Order of Honor), Mongolian Order of the Polar Star, Belarusian Order of Friendship of Peoples, Serbian Order of St. Sava, Order of " For services to the development of the brewing industry."

Governor of St. Petersburg Valentina MATVIENKO- Order "For Merit to the Fatherland" III degree, Order of Peter the Great, Order of St. Equal-to-the-Apostles Grand Duchess Olga, Order "In the Name of Russia", Medal "For the Military Commonwealth", Medal "In Commemoration of the 300th Anniversary of St. Petersburg", honorary Badge of the Order “For Saving Life on Earth”.

Governor of Chukotka Roman ABRAMOVICH- Order of Honor.

Head of RAO UES of Russia Anatoly CHUBAIS - medal “For Services to the Chechen Republic”, medal “For Special Contribution to the Development of Kuzbass”, 1st degree.

Call to Viktor Chernomyrdin

“I take regalia calmly”

Alexander Gamov

Like a real Cossack, Chernomyrdin does not count his awards

- Hello, Viktor Stepanovich! How many awards do you have in total? Orders, medals...

Listen, well done! Why am I counting them, or what? Well, there are... I can't say how many. But a little. I have never worked for a reward. Noted means noted. No - that's not it. Did not deserve. This is how you need to understand. I am absolutely calm about this.

- Well, do you have the most expensive award?

- Certainly. The state award that is most dear to me is our Russian Order of Merit for the Fatherland, II degree. Before my native Fatherland, which I love.

- You were awarded the Ukrainian Order of Cossack Glory. How do you rate this?

I perceive this rather as a reward to my ancestors, a tribute to their memory. They were real Cossacks. I'm from this family. For me, everything that is connected with the Cossacks and their service to our Fatherland is dear.

Recognition from outside

More beautiful and different medals

Russian politicians reap a rich harvest of awards abroad

Kirill Antonov, Nikita Krasnikov

The award iconostasis on the ceremonial jackets of many Russian celebrities shines with exotic orders and medals. As a rule, they are presented in a protocol manner - this is how it is customary in international affairs to pay tribute to high representatives of a friendly country. But there are also “labor awards”.

Putin's "collection"

It is not surprising that one of the main holders of foreign insignia is the first person of the state - President Vladimir Putin. Moreover, he began “collecting” foreign awards long before the start of his political career. In the late 80s, fighting on the “invisible front” while working in the GDR, he received from his German colleagues a bronze medal “For services to the National People's Army of the GDR.” In memory of those times, the GDP still has the “Sign of the German-Soviet Friendship Society” made in the form of a gold pin.

Having become head of state, Putin increased his “collection” of all kinds of foreign awards. In 2001, while visiting Vietnam, he was awarded the Order of Ho Chi Minh. In the same year, but already in Greece, the president was awarded a gold medal “For Merit”.

A couple of years later, the Bulgarian Orthodox Church presented the Russian leader with one of its highest awards - the Order of the Holy Tsar Boris. And during the celebration of the 60th anniversary of the Allied landing in Normandy, the Association of Veterans of the French Resistance awarded Putin the honorary cross “Combatant Volunteer”.

Sprats - no, “Three Stars” - yes!

Back in 2000, Latvia awarded the Order of Three Stars to Boris Yeltsin for recognizing the independence of this Baltic republic and fighting the Soviet regime. However ex-president collected his award only a month ago - before he was “embarrassed” by violations of the rights of Russian-speaking residents in Latvia. Apparently the situation there has improved dramatically now...

By the way, the same order was awarded to Patriarch of Moscow and All Rus' Alexy II - “for the restoration of Orthodoxy and spirituality.” The Patriarch also has a “souvenir” from his native Estonia - the Order of the “Cross of Maryamaa”, 1st degree.

Commanders and generals

It happens that along with an award, a politician also receives some exotic title. Not everyone knows that our ambassador to Ukraine, master of Russian literature Viktor Chernomyrdin, is also a general of the Ukrainian Cossacks. Of course, he did not ride with a saber on a horse, but having received the Order of Cossack Glory from the hands of the Supreme Ataman of the Zaporozhye Army in 2001, he was automatically promoted to military commander. As the ataman did not fail to note, Chernomyrdin made “a significant contribution to the revival of the Cossacks throughout the world.”

Recently, colleagues and comrades can easily address the head of the Accounts Chamber, Sergei Stepashin, as “commander.” And for this he should thank not just anyone, but the French government, which awarded the chief Russian auditor with the Order of the Legion of Honor, Commander degree.

From Laos to the Vatican

As soon as Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov and Governor of the Nizhny Novgorod Region Valery Shantsev visited Laos, they soon received the Order of Friendship from this distant republic. And the head of the Federation Council, Sergei Mironov, can boast of the Peruvian Order of Honor, which was presented to him by his colleague from the Latin American country during a visit to Moscow.

As you know, the Vatican is stingy with awards for our compatriots. One of the few people noted by the Holy See was the Russian scientist, academician Alexander Chubaryan, well known among historians of religion and society. Last year he was awarded the Order of St. Gregory, the highest papal honor for a secular person.

Are the right heroes rewarded?

Andrey Baranov

It's amazing how quickly we forget our recent past. But how many jokes were once written about General Secretary Leonid Ilyich, hung with stars “from shoulder to shoulder.” And how the people were irritated by the “sand orders” that were generously (and sometimes undeservedly) awarded to all sorts of high-ranking officials on their anniversaries.

That era is gone, but the rain of rewards has not stopped. The hammer and sickle were replaced by crosses, still thickly sprinkled on the lapels of official jackets. But when it comes to rewarding a truly worthy person, problems arise. For example, for almost three (!) years, papers circulated through the authorities about the nomination of the legend of Russian journalism, our newspaper colleague Vasily Peskov, to the Order of Merit for the Fatherland, IV degree. They demanded from Komsomolskaya Pravda a report on the payment of taxes, a visa for the district prefect, and much more.

Vasily Mikhailovich eventually received his order. But how many more deserving people are forced to wait while high awards are divided among themselves by the bureaucrats in power.

In 1955, Alexander Oganovich graduated with honors from the Faculty of History of Moscow State University. M.V. Lomonosov, and then graduate school at the Institute of History of the USSR Academy of Sciences. In 1959 he defended his PhD thesis on the history of the Brest Peace.

Teachers: Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor Georgy Nazarovich Golikov; Academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences Vladimir Mikhailovich Khvostov.

Area of ​​scientific interests:

History of international relations,

History of Russian foreign policy,

History of the twentieth century,

History of ideas in the context of European history.

Teaching activities:

In the early 1990s. The idea arose of creating a separate university at the Russian Academy of Sciences, which could partially fill the lack of humanitarian knowledge in Russian society. In 1992, the Russian Center for Humanitarian Education (RCHE) became such an educational institution. In 1994, RCGS (since 1998 - State University of Humanities, since 2008 - State Academic University of Humanities) received the status of a state educational institution of higher professional education - University and A.O. became its first rector. Chubaryan, who simultaneously serves as dean of the history department of this university.

Since 2014 Scientific director

Membership in scientific organizations, Councils, Commissions:

1970-1991 Vice-President and Chairman of the National Committee of Historians of the USSR (since 1991 National Committee of Russian Historians),

Since 1973, Vice-President of the International Association for Contemporary European History,

1990-2000 Member of the Bureau and Vice-President of the International Committee of Historical Sciences,

1996-2006 President of the Russian Society of Historian-Archivists,

Since 2004, President of the International Association of Institutes of History of the CIS Countries,

Since 1997, Co-Chairman of the International Joint Commissions of Historians of Russia and Austria; Russia and Germany; Russia and Latvia; Russia and Lithuania; Russia and Romania; Russia and Ukraine,

1999-2007 Chairman of the Expert Council on the History of the Higher Attestation Commission of the Russian Federation,

Since 2007, Head of the Scientific Council of the non-profit organization World Travel Encyclopedia Foundation,

Since 2007, member of the Commission on Religious Associations under the Government of the Russian Federation,

2009-2011 Member of the Commission to counter attempts to falsify history to the detriment of the interests of Russia,

Since 2011, Chairman of the All-Russian public organization “Association of History and Social Studies Teachers”,

2001-2012 Member of the Council for Science, Technology and Education under the President of the Russian Federation,

Member of the Russian Council on International Affairs and the Russian Pugwash Committee under the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

Participation in the Editorial Boards of scientific publications.

Chief editor of periodicals:

Editor-in-chief of generalizing collective scientific works:

History of Europe in 6 volumes,

World history in 6 volumes,

Russian historical encyclopedia in 18 volumes.

Chairman of the Scientific Coordination Council of the federal portal History.RF.

Honorary doctor of a number of Russian and foreign universities and academies, elected member of the Royal Norwegian Academy (1996), the National Academy of Armenia (2000), the Royal Swedish Academy of Literature, History and Antiquity (2013).

Peace of Brest-Litovsk. 1918. M.: Nauka, 1963. 246 p.

European idea in history. Problems of war and peace. M.: International relations, 1987. 352 p.

Europa-Konzepte. Von Napoleon bis zur Gegenwart. Ein Beitrag aus Moskau. Berlin, 1992. 230 s.

European Idea in History in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries. A view from Moscow. London, 1998.

Europe in the 20th century: History and prospects. N.Y., 2002.

Russian Europeanism. M.: Olma-press, 2006. 416 p.

The eve of tragedy. Stalin and the international crisis. September 1939 - June 1941. M.: Nauka, 2008. 476 p.

20th century: a historian’s view. M.: Nauka, 2009. 563 p.

La Russie et l'idée Européenne. Paris, Éditions des Syrtes, 2009. 306 p.

MOSCOW, October 14. /TASS/. The scientific director of the Institute of General History of the Russian Academy of Sciences, President of the State Academic University for the Humanities (GAUGN), Doctor of Historical Sciences and Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences Alexander Chubaryan turns 85 years old. The scientist is actively continuing his research and making forecasts for the development of relations between Russia and Europe, and is also preparing an analytical note on the state of humanities in the country, which he intends to present to the president. Chubaryan told TASS about this.

“I’m working on three things: firstly, several years ago I published a book “Russian Europeanism”. Now I’m working on a new book on Europe, which will be called “Future relations between Russia and Europe in the context of the past and present,” - The academician shared his plans. Chubaryan intends to complete this work by the end of next year. And in December 2016, he plans to present an analytical note to Russian President Vladimir Putin on the state and prospects of humanities in modern Russia.

“The third question: this is the second or third year I’ve been writing, from my point of view, about the most important and interesting memories of my life,” he added. This work may be completed by the end of 2017.

In addition, the academician takes an active part in the development of a unified concept for teaching history in schools, on the basis of which three lines of textbooks have already been created. “It remains to decide on this issue what to teach in 11th grade. I think that by the end of the year the issue will be resolved jointly with the Ministry (of Education and Science - TASS). And, besides, we are now busy developing the same (unified) concepts in natural science,” noted Chubaryan.

Path in science

Alexander Oganovich Chubaryan was born on October 14, 1931 in Moscow. His father was a famous librarian, and his mother worked as the head of a department at the Central Scientific Agricultural Library of the All-Union Academy of Agricultural Sciences named after. Lenin (VASKhNIL).

In 1955, Chubaryan graduated from the Faculty of History of Moscow State University. M. V. Lomonosov. In 1959, he defended his PhD thesis at the Institute of History of the USSR Academy of Sciences on the topic “The Brest-Litovsk Peace Treaty and the Position of the Entente Countries.” In 1970, he defended his doctoral dissertation at the Institute of USSR History of the USSR Academy of Sciences on the topic “V.I. Lenin and the formation of Soviet foreign policy (1917 - 1922).”

At the Institute of History of the USSR Academy of Sciences, from 1958 to 1988, he worked his way up from junior researcher to head of the department of history of international relations. And in 1988 he became its director and held this post until 2015, after which he took the position of scientific director of the institute.

About awards and achievements

Chubaryan is the creator of a new direction in Russian historiography - the study of European ideas and European history. Author of more than 350 scientific works, including a number of monographs.

Since 2007, he has been a member of the Commission on Religious Associations under the Government of the Russian Federation and is a member of the Russian Council on International Affairs. He was the chairman of the expert council of the Higher Attestation Commission of the Russian Federation for History (1999 - 2007), a member of the Council on Science, Technology and Education under the President of the Russian Federation (2001 - 2012), the Commission for Countering Attempts to Falsify History to the Detriment of Interests Russia under the President of the Russian Federation (2009 - 2012).

In addition, he is the chairman of the National Committee of Russian Historians, the All-Russian public organization "Association of History and Social Science Teachers", and the International Association of History Institutes of the CIS Countries. Co-chairman of the Russian Historical Society. He is a member of the boards of trustees of the Russian Science Foundation and the History of the Fatherland Foundation.

Chubaryan has many state awards, including the Order of "Badge of Honor" (1976), "For Services to the Fatherland" III and IV degrees (2011, 2006).

Alexander Chubaryan is still busy at work: he conducts research, heads scientific commissions, and is constantly on business trips. At the same time, he remains a passionate football fan and also writes books.

During his many years of scientific activity, historian Alexander Chubaryan wrote more than 20 books, and his first historical work was still at school, in the fifth grade, about the Moscow Kremlin. This small work, the academician admits, essentially determined his future.

“Starting from the 8th or 9th grade, I began to compile a dictionary of political figures who exist in the world today, in my time, political parties and so on. I liked this activity, it was interesting to me. And so when I started studying, it was clear that I would study the 20th century,” says Alexander Chubaryan.

In this eventful century, Chubaryan became interested in the foreign policy of the Soviet Union and became the main expert on this topic. For more than ten years he taught it to future diplomats at the Diplomatic Academy. And once he even became a participant in the foreign policy process. A rare success for a historian. At the end of the 80s, he was summoned to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs for an important assignment. Transfer secret documents about the Prague events of 1968 to the then leadership of Czechoslovakia.

“Now I remember this with some surprise, because these were secret documents. They gave me a daddy, I put it in my briefcase, took a taxi in the morning, went to the airport, in economy class, sat down as an ordinary citizen, arrived in Prague to keep documents for the General Secretary of the Czechoslovak Communist Party,” recalls Alexander Chubaryan.

The scientist’s merits are recognized not only in his homeland, where he was director of the Institute of General History of the Russian Academy of Sciences for more than a quarter of a century, but also abroad. For cooperation, France awarded Chubaryan one of its highest awards - the Order of the Legion of Honor. And Germany - the officer's cross of the Order of Merit for the Federal Republic of Germany.

“His role in our current relations with the world community is very important. Because he retains all academic connections. Here it is important to understand that he was the president of the association of European historians, vice-president, and also a person who was part of a variety of international communities,” notes Mikhail Shvydkoy.

In studying history, explains Alexander Oganovich, the most difficult thing is to be objective. But this is precisely what is most valued in the historical environment. Therefore, when several years ago the question arose about creating a unified historical standard, on the basis of which several history textbooks appeared in Russia, it was Alexander Chubaryan who headed the scientific group.

“We have a common phrase: “History does not tolerate the subjunctive mood.” I am against this phrase, against this idea. For example, if it were not Lenin, but someone else, would this have changed events? Yes. Which way? It is very exciting. This is multi-variant. I tell my young people: history is as multivariate as your life,” notes Alexander Chubaryan.

At 85, Alexander Chubaryan is still actively involved in science. He teaches, gives lectures to young historians and passionately supports Dynamo, because football, the academician admits, is another love of his life, just like history.

“Once a person lives - my psychology - he should live a full, interesting life. I try to maintain the habits that I have. Let's say, I can worry at night that my beloved Dynamo lost in the second league yesterday. Life in principle is wonderful,” says Alexander Chubaryan.