Analysis of wild and wild boar. Wild and Kabanikha. The main features of tyranny (based on A. N. Ostrovsky’s play “The Thunderstorm”). Different understanding of antiquity by Kabanikha and Katerina

According to I. A. Goncharov, A. N. Ostrovsky “brought a whole library of artistic works as a gift to literature, and created his own special world for the stage.” The world of Ostrovsky’s works is amazing. He created large and integral characters, knew how to emphasize comic or dramatic properties in them, and draw the reader’s attention to the virtues or vices of his heroes.

The heroes of the play “The Thunderstorm” deserve special attention - Savel Prokofievich Dikoy and Marfa Ignatievna Kabanova.

Savel Prokofievich Dikoy is a merchant, a significant person in the city of Kalinov. The heroes of the play give him eloquent characteristics. “He belongs everywhere. He’s afraid of someone!” - Kudryash says about him. Dikoy, in fact, does not recognize anything other than his own will. He doesn't care about the thoughts and feelings of other people. It costs Savel Prokofievich nothing to scold, humiliate, or insult. With those around him, he behaves as if he had “lost his chain,” and without this he “cannot breathe.” “...You are a worm,” he says to Kulig. “If I want, I’ll have mercy, if I want, I’ll crush.”

The power of the Wild One is stronger, the weaker, more weak-willed the person. So Kudryash, for example, knows how to resist the Wild One. “...He is the word, and I am ten; he will spit and go. No, I won’t slave to him,” says Kudryash about his relationship with the merchant. Another man is Dikiy’s nephew, Boris. “He got Boris Grigoryich as a sacrifice, so he rides on it,” people around him notice. The wild one is not embarrassed by the fact that Boris is an orphan and that he has no one closer to his uncle. The merchant realizes that the fate of his nephew is in his hands, and takes advantage of this. “Driven, beaten...” Boris says sadly. The merchant is no less cruel to his employees: “With us, no one dares even say a word about a salary, he’ll scold you for all he’s worth.” The unscrupulous Dikoy makes his fortune from other people's slave labor and deception: "... I will underpay them by a penny... but I make thousands from this...". However, sometimes the Dikiy has an epiphany, and he realizes that he is going too far: “After all, I already know that I have to give, but I can’t do everything with good.”

Dikoy is a despot and tyrant in his family, “his own people cannot please him,” “when he is offended by a person whom he does not dare to scold; here, stay home!”

Kabanikha, the rich Kalinovsky merchant’s wife, is not inferior to Dikiy. Kabanikha is a hypocrite, she does everything “under the guise of piety.” Outwardly she is very pious. However, as Kuligin notes, Kabanikha “gives money to the poor, but completely eats up her family.” The main object of her tyranny is her own son Tikhon. Being an adult, married man, he is completely at the mercy of his mother, has no opinion of his own, and is afraid to contradict her. Kabanikha “builds” his relationship with his wife, she guides his every action, every word. Complete obedience is all she wants to see in her son. The power-hungry Kabanikha does not notice that under her yoke a cowardly, pathetic, weak-willed, irresponsible man has grown up. Having escaped from the supervision of his mother for a while, he chokes on freedom and drinks, because he does not know how to use freedom in any other way. “...Not one step out of your will,” he repeats to his mother, and “he himself is thinking about how he can escape as quickly as possible.”

Kabanikha is jealous of her son’s daughter-in-law, constantly reproaches him with Katerina, “she eats him.” “I already see that I’m a hindrance to you,” she nags Tikhon. Kabanikha believes that the wife of her husband should be afraid, precisely afraid, and not love or respect. In her opinion, correct relationships are built precisely on the suppression of one person by another, on humiliation, on lack of freedom. Indicative in this regard is the scene of Katerina’s farewell to her husband, when all Tikhon’s words addressed to his wife are just a repetition of Kabanikha’s instigations.

If Tikhon, who has been crushed by her since childhood, suffers from Kabanikha, then the life of such a dreamy, poetic and integral nature as Katerina in the merchant’s house becomes unbearable. “Here, whether you got married or buried, it doesn’t matter,” Boris argues about this.

Constant pressure forces Kabanikha’s daughter, Varvara, to adapt. “Do what you want, as long as it’s sewn and covered,” she reasons.

Assessing the images of the “masters of life,” N. Dobro-lyubov shows Diky and Kabanikha as tyrants, with their “constant suspicion, scrupulousness and pickiness.” According to the critic, “The Thunderstorm” is Ostrovsky’s most decisive work” in this play “the mutual relations of tyranny and voicelessness are brought... to the most tragic consequences...”.

Considering as a special honor the proposal of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, communicated by Your Excellency,1 in relation to last February 2, to consider Mr. Ostrovsky’s drama “The Thunderstorm” sent to me and to say your opinion about it,...

The drama “The Thunderstorm” is the pinnacle of Ostrovsky’s creativity. In his work, the writer shows the imperfection of the patriarchal world, the influence of the system on the morals of people, he reveals to us society with all its vices and shortcomings, and at the same time he...

Katerina is a ray of light in a dark kingdom. “There is something refreshing and encouraging in “The Thunderstorm”. This “something” is, in our opinion, the background of the play, indicated by us and revealing the instability and the near end of tyranny. Then the very character of Katerina, drawn on this ...

Plays a big role in understanding this play. The image of a thunderstorm in Ostrovsky's drama is unusually complex and multi-valued. On the one hand, the thunderstorm is a direct participant in the action of the play, on the other hand, it is a symbol of the idea of ​​this work. In addition, the image of a thunderstorm...

The play “The Thunderstorm”, written by Alexander Nikolaevich Ostrovsky in 1859, is the only one of the series “Nights on the Volga” conceived by the writer. The main theme of the drama is the conflict in the merchant family, first of all, the despotic attitude of the representatives of the elder...

Varvara Kabanova, a character in Ostrovsky’s drama “The Thunderstorm,” upon close reading, arouses significant reader interest. This girl shows character, and her character is quite strong. Even if she doesn’t try to openly fight her mother and the order,...

“The Thunderstorm” by A. N. Ostrovsky made a strong and deep impression on his contemporaries. Many critics were inspired by this work. However, even in our time it has not ceased to be interesting and topical. Elevated to the category of classical drama, it still arouses interest.

The tyranny of the “older” generation lasts for many years, but some event must occur that could break the patriarchal tyranny. Such an event turns out to be the protest and death of Katerina, which awakened other representatives of the younger generation.

Let's take a closer look at the characteristics of the main characters.

In Ostrovsky’s drama “The Thunderstorm,” Dikoy and Kabanikha are representatives of the “Dark Kingdom.” It seems as if Kalinov is fenced off from the rest of the world by a high fence and lives some kind of special, closed life. Ostrovsky focused on the most important things, showing the wretchedness and savagery of the morals of Russian patriarchal life, because all this life is based solely on familiar, outdated laws, which are obviously completely ridiculous. The “Dark Kingdom” tenaciously clings to its old, established. This is standing in one place. And such standing is possible if it is supported by people who have strength and authority.

A more complete, in my opinion, idea of ​​a person can be given by his speech, that is, by habitual and specific expressions inherent only to a given hero. We see how Dikoy, as if nothing had happened, can just offend a person. He doesn’t regard not only those around him, but even his family and friends. His family lives in constant fear of his wrath. Dikoy mocks his nephew in every possible way. It is enough to remember his words: “I told you once, I told you twice”; “Don’t you dare come across me”; you'll find everything! Not enough space for you? Wherever you fall, here you are. Ugh, damn you! Why are you standing like a pillar! Are they telling you no?” Dikoy openly shows that he does not respect his nephew at all. He puts himself above everyone around him. And no one offers him the slightest resistance. He scolds everyone over whom he feels his power, but if someone scolds him himself, he cannot answer, then stay strong, everyone at home! It’s on them that Dikoy will take out all his anger.

Dikoy is a “significant person” in the city, a merchant. This is how Shapkin says about him: “We should look for another scolder like ours, Savel Prokofich. There’s no way he’ll cut someone off.”

“The view is unusual! Beauty! The soul rejoices!” exclaims Kuligin, but against the backdrop of this beautiful landscape a bleak picture of life is painted, which appears before us in “The Thunderstorm”. It is Kuligin who gives an accurate and clear description of the life, morals and customs that reign in the city of Kalinov.

Just like Dikoy, Kabanikha is distinguished by selfish inclinations; she thinks only of herself. Residents of the city of Kalinov talk about Dikiy and Kabanikha very often, and this makes it possible to obtain rich material about them. In conversations with Kudryash, Shapkin calls Diky “a scolder,” while Kudryash calls him a “shrill man.” Kabanikha calls Dikiy a “warrior.” All this speaks of the grumpiness and nervousness of his character. Reviews about Kabanikha are also not very flattering. Kuligin calls her a “hypocrite” and says that she “behaves the poor, but has completely eaten up her family.” This characterizes the merchant's wife from the bad side.

We are struck by their callousness towards people dependent on them, their reluctance to part with money when paying workers. Let us remember what Dikoy says: “Once I was fasting about a great fast, and then it was not easy and I slipped a little man in, I came for money, carried firewood... I did sin: I scolded him, I scolded him... I almost killed him.” All relationships between people, in their opinion, are built on wealth.

Kabanikha is richer than Dikoy, and therefore she is the only person in the city with whom Dikoy must be polite. “Well, don’t let your throat loose! Find me cheaper! And I’m dear to you!”

Another feature that unites them is religiosity. But they perceive God not as someone who forgives, but as someone who can punish them.

Kabanikha, like no one else, reflects this city’s commitment to old traditions. (She teaches Katerina and Tikhon how to live in general and how to behave in a specific case.) Kabanova tries to seem like a kind, sincere, and most importantly unhappy woman, tries to justify her actions by her age: “The mother is old, stupid; Well, you, young people, smart ones, shouldn’t exact it from us fools.” But these statements sound more like irony than sincere recognition. Kabanova considers herself the center of attention; she cannot imagine what will happen to the whole world after her death. Kabanikha is absurdly blindly devoted to her old traditions, forcing everyone at home to dance to her tune. She forces Tikhon to say goodbye to his wife in the old-fashioned way, causing laughter and a feeling of regret among those around him.

On the one hand, it seems that Dikoy is ruder, stronger and, therefore, scarier. But, looking closer, we see that Dikoy is only capable of screaming and rampaging. She managed to subjugate everyone, keeps everything under control, she even tries to manage people’s relationships, which leads Katerina to death. The Pig is cunning and smart, unlike the Wild One, and this makes her more terrible. In Kabanikha’s speech, hypocrisy and duality of speech are very clearly manifested. She speaks very impudently and rudely to people, but at the same time, while communicating with him, she wants to seem like a kind, sensitive, sincere, and most importantly, unhappy woman.

We can say that Dikoy is completely illiterate. He says to Boris: “Get lost! I don’t even want to talk to you, a Jesuit.” Dikoy uses “with a Jesuit” instead of “with a Jesuit” in his speech. So he also accompanies his speech with spitting, which completely shows his lack of culture. In general, throughout the entire drama we see him peppering his speech with abuse. “Why are you still here! What the hell else is there here!”, which shows him to be an extremely rude and ill-mannered person.

Dikoy is rude and straightforward in his aggressiveness; he commits actions that sometimes cause bewilderment and surprise among others. He is capable of offending and beating a man without giving him money, and then in front of everyone standing in the dirt in front of him, asking for forgiveness. He is a brawler, and in his violence he is capable of throwing thunder and lightning at his family, who are hiding from him in fear.

Therefore, we can conclude that Dikiy and Kabanikha cannot be considered typical representatives of the merchant class. These characters in Ostrovsky's drama are very similar and differ in their selfish inclinations; they think only about themselves. And even their own children seem to them to be a hindrance to some extent. Such an attitude cannot decorate people, which is why Dikoy and Kabanikha evoke persistent negative emotions in readers.

A. N. Ostrovsky's play “The Thunderstorm” was written in 1859. However, interest in it does not decrease even today. What makes this little work so relevant? What problems does the playwright raise in the work?

At the center of the story is a social conflict, reflecting the confrontation between old and new forces. Vivid personifications of the old world are Savel Prokofievich Dikoy and Marfa Ignatievna Kabanova.
These are typical representatives of society, which the critic Dobrolyubov rightly and aptly called the “dark kingdom.” The despotism of these people knows no bounds. They, like an octopus spreading its tentacles, strive to extend their power to those around them.

The wealthy merchant Dikoy cannot but arouse angry rejection. He has sufficient influence in Kalinov. He is known to the townspeople as a brawler and a stingy guy. Swearing became an integral part of it. Savel Prokofievich cannot live a day without moralizing speeches. He will always find an object of attack, be it relatives, nephew or employees. He is very strict towards all members of the household, does not allow anyone to breathe freely.

In his tone one can always recognize menacing notes of instructiveness.

Dikoy is obscenely greedy. He puts his own nephews in a humiliating position, not wanting to give them the inheritance bequeathed by his grandmother. In an effort to gain his own benefit, he stipulates conditions. So, Boris, in order not to anger his uncle, should behave respectfully, carry out all his instructions, and endure his tyranny. The wild one will always find something to complain about. Dejected Boris does not really believe that his uncle will fulfill his grandmother’s will.

Marfa Ignatievna Kabanova is not inferior to Dikiy in ignorance and rudeness. Everyone in the house groans from her.

Kabanikha keeps everyone in complete submission.

Obedience became the norm for her son. His mother’s control turns Tikhon into a wordless shadow that has nothing to do with the concept of “man.” He cannot even protect his wife from his mother’s despotism.

Varvara Kabanikha’s daughter drove her to the point that she was forced to lie to her all the time, because she did not want to live according to the laws established by her mother.

Katerina becomes the real victim of Kabanikha’s despotism.

The mother-in-law believes that the daughter-in-law should unquestioningly obey her husband in everything. Manifestation of one's own will is unacceptable. Moreover, it is punishable! Her savagery, ignorance and despotism persistently formed in her mind the idea that the husband should “educate” his wife by beating. There should be no warm, human relations between them. Kindness to your wife is, according to Marfa Ignatievna, a manifestation of weakness. The daughter-in-law is obliged to subserviently to her husband, to serve him and his mother.

Thus, the “cruel morals” of the city of Kalinov have their inspirers, who are represented by the images of the Wild and Kabanikha.

Option 2

A.N. Ostrovsky reflects in The Thunderstorm the world of tyranny, tyranny and stupidity. And also the reality of people who do not resist this evil. The literary critic Dobrolyubov called all this “the dark kingdom.” And this concept stuck.

The play takes place in the Volga city of Kalinov. The name is fictitious. What is described in prose was the reality of all Russian cities of that time. And a populated area, fenced off from the outside world by a large river, is even more closed and conservative. Therefore, residents learn about everything from holy fools. And they believe that rulers with dog heads live somewhere, and the people are even more oppressed. This means they themselves are still living well. And we must pray for local “benefactors.”

Kalinov’s “Dark Kingdom” rests on two people: Dikiy and Kabanikha. Self-will, selfishness, unlimited rudeness, toughness, love of power are common traits of these two personalities. These are stupid and tyrannical people. They are the strength and power in this city. Even the mayor will not contradict them. Savel Prokofievich is a wealthy merchant, “whose whole life is based on swearing.” Every day he tyrannizes, humiliates, scolds someone. And if he comes across a person over whom the Wild has no power and they answer him with the same abuse, then he takes out all his anger on his family. They will not answer, the family is defenseless against him. The merchant's wife, his children and his nephew Boris, who gets the most, suffer and are afraid.

The hero is also despotic in relation to his workers. Dikoy is very greedy. He does not tolerate it at all when people talk to him about money. Even if he himself understands that he must pay the person or repay the debt. Rarely does a master pay what is due to men. And I'm happy with that. He even explains to the mayor what profit he has if each employee is not paid extra. And he punishes his nephew to work. And the salary will be in a year, as much as the uncle wants to give. Selfishness is his main distinguishing feature. This man only respects the rich. He cruelly humiliates everyone who is lower than him in material terms.

The boar, on the contrary, cannot be called greedy. Marfa Ignatieva is generous in public and even kind to some extent. He welcomes wanderers and praying mantises into his home. He feeds them and gives them alms. All so that these old men praise her publicly, this pleases her pride. Tikhon's mother is no less willful and selfish than Dikoy. And he also likes to assert himself by belittling the dignity of others. She shows self-will and excesses only in the family. He is kind to strangers, but he is “stuffed up with food” at home. Whereas Savel Prokofievich does not make exceptions for anyone. But Kabanova’s emotional torture is much more sophisticated. She even turned her own son into a weak-willed creature. And the worst thing is that she is confident that she is right. She is older, wiser and knows everything better. Who else will teach the youth? They have no mind of their own, they must live by the mind of their parents. This means that what she does is not tyranny and tyranny. And a manifestation of maternal love and care.

Dikoy and Kabanikha differ only in their approach to humiliating others. They understand that they are, in fact, weak and may lose power. That's why they put people in a vice. So that no one would have the thought of opposing them.

Wild and Kabanikha in the story Groz Ostrovsky

The play “The Thunderstorm” by Alexander Nikolaevich Ostrovsky shows the main characters and the clash between them, associated with their different views on the world, dissimilar ideas and values. The work proves that with the passage of time, the principles of life are constantly changing. Representatives of the “dark kingdom”, the merchant Dikoy and Kabanikha, live according to the Domostroevsky order, which dictates patriarchal norms and old traditions to the new generation, which leads to the emergence of interpersonal conflict in the work.

Kabanikha, the merchant widow Marfa Kabanova, appears to the reader as a tyrant and a bigot. Being a conservative due to his illiteracy, he does not know and does not even think that it is possible to live in any other way, he actively preaches his ideals, since he believes that the eldest in the family is the boss (based on the norms of patriarchy). Kabanova understands that the patriarchal structure is collapsing, so she enforces it even more harshly, this further serves as the cause of the collapse of the family.

Kabanikha tries to hold on to the old, because of which she absolutely does not see real feelings and does not experience them, suppresses them in others. She is ashamed that Katerina openly shows feelings for her son, since she considers it unacceptable to “hang” on her husband’s neck, forcing her to bow at his feet. She speaks in a commanding tone with rude expressions, believing that she has the right to indicate because she is the eldest, the head of the house. A maximalist, she never makes concessions, does not tolerate will, believing in the customs of antiquity.

Merchant Dikoy is also a representative of the “dark kingdom”, a supporter of Kabanikha. But his image has several differences from the image of Kabanikha. The tyranny of the Wild lies in the worship of money. A stingy egoist who seeks profit in everything, when he suffers losses, he loses his temper, gets irritated, and perceives it as punishment.

A. N. Ostrovsky shows Dikoy’s lack of education in the scene of his dialogue with Kuligin, a self-taught mechanic, who proposes to install a lightning rod, but Dikoy, who believes that the thunderstorm is sent as punishment, begins to shout at Kuligin. The abuse of this hero is his kind of defense. Dikoy is used to intimidating everyone, suppressing others, the feeling of power over others brings him confidence and pleasure.

It should be noted that A. N. Ostrovsky endowed the heroes with “talking” surnames, which reveal the essence of their rude, absurd characters.

Thus, the problem of the existence of representatives of the “dark kingdom” who try to hold on to petrified forms of life finds a place in Russian classical literature, affects not only everyday life in the work, but covers other spheres of life, and develops into a larger-scale conflict.

Sample 4

The provincial town of Kalinov, in which the play “The Thunderstorm” takes place, is located on the high bank of the Volga. It would seem that the life of the inhabitants of the city against the backdrop of a beautiful landscape should have flowed calmly and smoothly. But that's not true. Behind the external calm lie cruel morals. Kuligin, a self-taught mechanic, telling Boris about the difficult situation of ordinary residents of the city, says: “What are the rich doing?.. Do you think they are doing work or praying to God? No, sir! And they don’t lock themselves away from thieves, but so that people don’t see how they eat their own family and tyrannize their family!..”

Depicting the life and customs of the city, A.N. Ostrovsky denounces the masters of life in the person of the merchants Dikiy and Kabanikha.

Savel Profyich Dikoy is a despot, ignorant, rude. He demands unquestioning obedience from everyone. His family suffers: they hide from the wrath of the Wild One so as not to catch his eye. The hardest time is for Boris, Dikiy’s nephew, who depends on him financially. Dikoy holds the entire city in his hands, mocking people. He humiliates Kuligin when he asks him for money for a sundial for the city. Money is everything for Dikiy; he cannot part with it. For the sake of money, he is ready to commit deception and fraud. He underpays his employees. It is useless to complain about Dikiy; he is on friendly terms with the mayor himself. For his rudeness and swearing, the clerk Kudryash calls Diky “a shrill man.”

Marfa Ignatievna Kabanova is the head of the Kabanov house, a tyrant and despot. Everything in the house always happens only according to her will. She completely controls the family and keeps the entire house in fear. Kabanikha is an ardent supporter of the old principles of life, customs and rituals. She says that Domostroy should be observed, but she herself takes from there only the most cruel norms that justify her despotism. The boar is superstitious, attends all church services, gives money to the poor, and receives strangers in her house. But this is ostentatious piety. And the worst thing is that Kabanikha does not doubt that she is right.

Kabanikha tortures and pursues her victims day after day, eroding them “like rusting iron.” Her son Tikhon grew up to be a weak-willed and spineless man. He loves his wife and tries to calm her down after her mother’s attacks, but he is unable to change anything and advises Katerina not to pay attention to her mother. Whenever possible, Tikhon tries to get out of the house and get drunk. Kabanikha brought Katerina to the grave. Varvara, Tikhon’s sister, adapted to such a life; she learned to hide the truth from her mother. But Varvara can’t stand it either and leaves home after Katerina’s death. The morals of this house are capable of destroying every person who ends up there.

The patriarchal world, of which Dikoy and Kabanikha are representatives, is strong and merciless, but it is already on the verge of collapse.

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