Antique monsters of ancient Greece presentation. Ancient Greek mythology pre-literary period. The birth of the world from Chaos

Greek mythology

The myths of Ancient Greece formed the basis of universal human culture, have an attractive force and deeply penetrated the ideas and way of thinking of modern people.

Greek mythology arose as an attempt by the ancients to explain the emergence of life on earth, the causes of natural phenomena against which man was powerless, and to determine his place in the environment.

Various plots of ancient Greek myths constantly appear in the works of ancient Greek writers. The largest sources are:

Homer's Iliad and Odyssey

"Theogony" by Hesiod

Parian marble

"The Interpretation of Dreams" by Artemidorus of Daldian

"Library" of Pseudo-Apollodorus

"Metamorphoses" by Ovid

Greek mythology gave rise to all literature.

First generation of gods

At first there was Chaos . Gods emerging from Chaos - Gaia (Earth), Nikta/Nyukta (Night), Tartarus (Abyss), Erebus (Darkness), Eros (Love); gods who emerged from Gaia - Uranus (Sky) and Pont (inner Sea). The gods had the appearance of those natural elements that they embodied.

Second generation of gods

Children of Gaia (fathers - Uranus, Pontus and Tartarus) - Keto (mistress of sea monsters) Nereus (calm sea), Tavmant (sea wonders) Phorcys (guardian of the sea), Eurybia (sea power) titans and titanides . Children of Nyx and Erebus - Gemera (Day), Hypnos (Dream), Kera (Misfortune) Moira (Fate), Mom (Slander and Stupidity) Nemesis (Retribution), Thanatos (Death), Eris (Discord) Erinyes (Vengeance), Ether (Air); Ata (Deception).

Titans

Titans: Hyperion , Iapetus , Kay , Krios , Kronos , Ocean .

Titanides: Mnemosyne , Rhea , Theia , Tethys , Phoebe , Themis .

Children of the Titans (second generation of Titans): Asteria , Atlas , Helios (personification of the sun), Summer , Menetius , Prometheus , Selena (personification of the moon), Eos (personification of the morning dawn), Epimetheus .

Uranus

Uranus is the god of the sky, the personification of the masculine principle of nature. Having united with mother earth (Gaia), he gave birth to all living things, including titans, giants and other deities. Heartless and cruel, he imprisoned his children, then the titan Kronos rebelled against him and took away his power.

Eos is the goddess of the dawn, sister of Helios (sun) and Selene (moon). Every morning, rising to the sky in her chariot, she made the sun rise and awakened the earth, showering it with diamond drops of dew.

The gods of Olympus

The Greek Mount Olympus is located in Thessaly. Its name means “roundness”, since the top on which, according to myths, the gods sat, was round, convenient for meetings. At first the titan gods lived there. They were mindless and cruel creatures.

Zeus

Zeus is considered a truly Greek supreme deity. He is the father of men and the head of the Olympian family of gods. His name means "bright sky". Zeus defeated the cruel titan gods, including his father Cronus, because he was afraid of his children and devoured their newly born ones. The titan gods were thrown into Tartarus - into eternal darkness, and a new galaxy of gods appeared on Olympus, led by the supreme god Zeus.

In the kingdom of Zeus, everything is like in paradise: there is always a blue sky above your head, eternal summer reigns, the air is filled with pleasant aromas. Zeus himself sits on a golden throne. On the table of the gods ambrosia and nectar are the most blessed food and drink, bestowing eternal youth, health and immortality.

Statue of Zeus. Sculptor Phidias

Hera

Hera is the wife of Zeus, queen of gods and people, patroness of marriages. She, like her husband Zeus, commands thunder and lightning, at her word the sky is covered with dark rain clouds, and with a wave of her hand she raises formidable storms. The great Hera is beautiful. From under her crown, marvelous curls fall in a wave, her eyes glow with calm grandeur. The gods honor Hera, and her husband Zeus also honors and consults with her. Majestic, in long luxurious clothes, in a chariot drawn by two immortal horses, she rides down from Olympus. The pomegranate (a symbol of marriage and love), the cuckoo, the crow and the peacock are dedicated to Hera.

Temple of Hera

In many cities of Greece there were temples dedicated to the goddess Hera. These temples contained statues of Hera made of gold and ivory. Once every five years, festivals took place in honor of the goddess - the so-called hera.

Temple of Hera in Paestum (2nd quarter of the 5th century BC)

Themis

Themis is the keeper of the laws who stands at the throne of Zeus. She convenes, at the behest of the Thunderer, meetings of the gods on Olympus and popular meetings on earth, and ensures that order and law are not violated.

Apollo

In ancient Greek mythology, the radiant and golden-haired Apollo - the god of light, sciences, arts and love, the healer god, the patron of herds, the guardian of roads, travelers and sailors, the predictor of the future, personified the sun. The sacred animals of Apollo were the wolf, dolphin, and swan; among plants, olive, laurel, and palm were dedicated to him.

Bolshoi Theater in Moscow (Apollo on a Chariot)

Apollo statue

Artemis

Artemis is a goddess-hunter, patroness of the family hearth, livestock and wild animals, goddess of fertility. Artemis, an eternally young goddess, was born at the same time as her golden-haired brother Apollo.

Artemis of Ephesus

Temple of Artemis

Temple of Artemis at Ephesus

The cult of Artemis was widespread in Greece. In Asia, the temple of Artemis in Ephesus was especially famous (the same one that, wanting to “be famous,” burned Herostratus in 356 BC; hence the expression “Herostratus’ glory,” that is, the memory of the atrocity.)

Athena

Athena is one of the most revered goddesses of Greece, the goddess of wisdom, the patroness of cities and states both in days of peace and during war; she gave laws to people, she is the patroness of sciences, agriculture, and crafts. Athena is also considered the goddess of fair and reasonable war. Athena is a daughter born from Zeus himself from his head. She came out into the world fully armed, in a shiny helmet, with a spear and shield. She shook her sparkling spear menacingly. Her war cry rolled far across the sky and shook Olympus to its very foundation. Athena's blue eyes sparkled with wisdom, and she shone with wondrous, powerful beauty.

Athena is fully armed. Sculptor Phidias

Acropolis in Athens

In Greece, Athena is the main deity of the country and city of Athens. The main temple of the goddess is the Parthenon, where her giant statue by Phidias, covered with gold and ivory, was located. The Acropolis is a fortified city located on a 150-meter hill. According to legend, two deities fought for his protection - the ruler of the seas, Poseidon and Athena. Everyone had to make a gift to the city. Whoseever turns out to be more useful, his name will remain with the city. Poseidon gave sea water, and Athena - an olive tree. The Olympian gods, who judged the dispute, considered Athena’s gift more important and more useful for the inhabitants and gave the city under her protection and named it Athens.

Acropolis in Athens (in the center of the Parthenon)

Hermes

Hermes is one of the most ancient gods of Greece. He was the patron god of flocks, and he was depicted with a lamb on his shoulders. Hermes is the patron of trade, which means dexterity, deception and even theft. In addition, he patronized young men in their gymnastic exercises, mandatory in Greek education.

Hermes statue

Hephaestus

Hephaestus is the god of fire and blacksmithing, patron of metallurgy. Hephaestus is the only one of the Olympian gods who engaged in physical labor; he built magnificent copper palaces for himself and the gods, for Achilles he forged extraordinary armor, for Dimeter - armor, for Zeus - a scepter and aegis. He was depicted as a bearded, broad-shouldered blacksmith with a hammer or tongs.

Ares

Ares is one of the main Olympic gods, the god of war, the personification of ferocious belligerence, the source of death, destruction and bloodshed. He was young, strong and handsome. He was depicted as a mighty warrior wearing a helmet. Its symbols are a burning torch, a spear, dogs and vultures.

Champ de Mars

Champ de Mars

In St. Petersburg, the square for holding military parades was called the Campus Martius (the Romans had the god of war Mars), this name has been preserved to this day; near the Champ de Mars there is a monument to A.V. Suvorov - the commander is depicted as a Roman warrior.

Monument to A.V. Suvorov

Aphrodite

Birth of Venus. Hood. S. Botticelli

Aphrodite, Eros and Pan

Aphrodite - originally the goddess of fertility, then the goddess of love and beauty. There are two versions of its origin. According to one, she is the daughter of Zeus and the nymph Dione, according to another, she was born from sea foam. She was also considered the patroness of navigation. A dolphin was dedicated to her as a sea goddess, a sparrow, a dove, a hare as a goddess of fertility, and a myrtle, a rose, a poppy and an apple as a goddess of love.

Cypris

Cypris is the second name for Aphrodite. She was born near the island of Cythera from the snow-white foam of sea waves. A light breeze brought it to the island of Cyprus (hence the name). The island of Cyprus was the main center of the cult of Aphrodite; here in the city of Paphos there was a temple of the goddess revered by all Greeks.

Messengers of Aphrodite

Aphrodite has messengers through whom she carries out her will. These are Eros and Hymen. Eros is the son of Aphrodite, a cheerful, playful, insidious, and sometimes cruel boy. He flies on shiny golden wings over the lands and seas, in his hands is a small golden bow, behind his shoulders is a quiver of arrows. The arrows of Eros bring joy and happiness, but often they bring suffering, the torment of love and even death. Having been pricked by his own arrow, he fell in love with the mortal Psyche, the goddess who personifies the human soul, and married her, Zeus granted her immortality. Hymen is the young god of marriage. He flies on his snow-white wings ahead of the wedding processions. He blesses the marriage of the young and sends them a joyful life.

Eros and Psyche

Hymen

Demeter

Demeter is the sister of Zeus, the goddess of fertility and agriculture. The Greeks began to honor her as the greatest goddess at a time when agriculture became their main occupation. Temples were built in honor of Demeter, where magnificent festivities took place.

"Temple of Demeter" in Paestum, Lucania. 2nd half of 6th century BC.

Dionysus

Dionysus is the god of vegetation, wine and winemaking, one of the most ancient and popular gods of Greece. Several cheerful holidays were dedicated to Dionysus, celebrated from late autumn to spring. These festivities marked the beginning of theatrical performances. During the Great Dionysia, choirs of singers dressed in goat skins performed in Athens and performed special hymns-dithyrambs, the singing was accompanied by dancing; thus a tragedy arose (translated from Greek as “goat song”). From the winter dithyrambs, in which the sufferings of Dionysus were mourned, a tragedy developed, and from the spring, joyful ones, accompanied by laughter and jokes, a comedy developed.

Pan is the god of forests and groves, the god of shepherds, guardian of herds, patron of hunters, beekeepers, and fishermen. This is a cheerful god, a companion of Dionysus, he dances and plays the pipe. But he can also instill panic and horror in those who disturb his peace and solitude. It can bring the same horror to enemies in war. The Greeks believed that he helped them win the battles of Marathon and Salamis. Therefore, a cave on the Athenian Acropolis was dedicated to Pan and torchlight processions were held annually in his honor. It was believed that Pan had the gift of prophecy and endowed Apollo with this gift.

Pan. Hood. M. Vrubel

Asclepius

Asclepius is the god of healing, son of Apollo. A mortal, he was considered such a skilled physician that he was capable of raising the dead. For this, the angry Zeus struck him with lightning, but he did not descend to Hades, but became the god of medicine.

Nika

Nike is the winged goddess of victory, the constant companion of Zeus. It is believed that she accompanied the Greeks in the fight against the Persians. A temple was built in her honor on the Greek Acropolis in Athens. It was located on the spot where, according to myth, the Athenian king Aegeus threw himself off a cliff into the sea, deciding that his son Theseus had died in a battle with the evil Minotaur, the devourer of people. Since then the sea has been called the Aegean. During the Turkish occupation, the Nike Temple was destroyed.

Hestia

Hestia, the goddess of the hearth, was very popular because she protected the home and its inhabitants. Every home had an altar where the family brought gifts to her. Calm and gentle, she never took part in the jealous quarrels that often broke out on Olympus. She gave up her place on Olympus to Dionysus.

Eris

Hebe

Eris is the daughter of Zeus and Night, sister and companion of Ares, goddess of discord, mother of disasters, quarrels and hunger. Being vindictive and evil, she caused a lot of trouble to gods and people. Her intrigues served as the reason for the Trojan War.

Hebe, the daughter of Zeus and Hera, offered nectar and ambrosia at feasts. It was believed that she became the wife of the Greek hero Hercules when he ascended to Olympus.

Poseidon

Poseidon is the god of the sea. He is the brother of Zeus and Hades and lives deep in the depths of the sea in a wonderful palace. Poseidon rules over the seas, and the waves of the sea are obedient to the slightest movement of his hand, armed with a formidable trident. When Poseidon in his chariot, harnessed by wondrous horses, rushes across the sea, the ever-noisy waves part and make way for their master. When Poseidon waves his formidable trident, then sea waves, covered with white crests of foam, rise like mountains, and a fierce storm rages on the sea.

Temple of Poseidon. V century BC.

Monuments to Poseidon

Statue of Poseidon in the port of Copenhagen, Denmark

Poseidon Fountain

Aeolus, the lord of the winds, could send both a storm or a light breeze in the heat. According to one version, he was fed by a cow. According to another, he was born and raised in Metaponte, where his mother fled. When he was expelled, he settled on the Aeolian Islands in the Tyrrhenian Sea and founded the city of Lipara.

Deep underground reigns the inexorable, gloomy brother of Zeus and Poseidon, Hades. The kingdom of Hades is the kingdom of the souls of the dead. The rays of the sun never penetrate there. Light shadows of the dead rush across the dark fields of the kingdom of Hades. They complain about their joyless life without light and without desires. There is no return for anyone from this kingdom of sadness. The three-headed dog Kerber is guarding the exit.

Dead island. Hood. A. Beklin

Persephone

Persephone is the daughter of Zeus and Demeter, the personification of the annual dying and awakening of nature. Kidnapped by Hades, she became the queen of the underworld, but Demeter missed her very much. Zeus then decided that Persephone would spend half the year with her mother (spring and summer) and half the year with Hades (autumn and winter). According to the Greeks, this was the reason why the seasons changed each other.

Myths, legends and tales are the fantastic ideas of our ancestors about the world around us; they are a kind of history of the past. Greek myths were further developed in ancient Roman legends.

Read Greco-Roman mythology!

Sources

• Legends and tales of Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. M., Pravda, 1988.

2. Kubeev M.N. 100 great legends and myths of the world. M., “Veche”, 2010.

3. Kubeev M.N. 100 Great Wonders of the World. M., "Veche", 2009.

4. http://grechistory.ru

5. http://ru.wikipedia.org

6. http://godsbay.ru

Thank you for your attention!

Prepared the presentation

teacher of Russian language and literature MKOU "Kudrinskaya secondary school"

Kryuchkova

Galina

Anatolievna

Presentation on history on the topic “Culture of Ancient Greece” by 10th grade “A” students Daria Zenina and Antonina Zhuravleva Mythology of Ancient Greece The basis of the mythological culture of Ancient Greece is material-sensual or animate-intelligent cosmologism. Cosmos is understood here as an absolute, a deity and as a work of art. The Greeks' idea of ​​the world comes down to the idea of ​​it as a theatrical stage, where people are actors, and all together are a product of the Cosmos. Myths about the Greek gods The Greeks believed in many gods. According to myths, the gods behaved like people: they fought, quarreled, fell in love. They all lived on Olympus Zeus Zeus is the god of the sky, thunder and lightning, in charge of the whole world. Chief of the God-Olympians, father of gods and people, third son of the titan Kronos and Rhea, Brother of Hades, Hestia, Demeter and Poseidon. Zeus's wife is the goddess Hera. The attributes of Zeus were: a shield and a double-sided ax, sometimes an eagle. Hades The kingdom of the dead was ruled by Hades, brother of Zeus. Few myths have survived about him. The kingdom of the dead was separated from the rest of the world by the deep river Styx, through which the souls of the dead were transported by CHARON. Cerberus or Kerberus, in Greek mythology, the watchdog of the kingdom of the dead, guarding the entrance to the world of Hades Poseidon Poseidon (Neptune to the Romans) was the Greek god of the seas and oceans. He is depicted as a powerful bearded man, somewhat similar to Zeus, with a trident in his hand. Poseidon is the wildest of the gods, the god of storms and earthquakes, swift and merciless tidal waves - dangers exposed when the forces dormant under the surface of consciousness are unleashed. His animal symbols are the bull and the horse. Demeter Demeter was the great Olympian goddess of agriculture, grain, and the daily bread of mankind. She also exercised control over the foremost of the region's secret cults, whose initiators were promised her protection on the path to a happy afterlife. Demeter was depicted as a mature woman, often wearing a crown and holding a sheaf of wheat and a torch. Hestia is the goddess of the family hearth and sacrificial fire in Ancient Greece. Eldest daughter of Kronos and Rhea. Sister of Zeus, Demeter, Hades and Poseidon a. Her image was in the Athenian Prytaneum. She is called “the owner of the Pythian laurel.” A sacrifice was made to her before the start of any sacred ceremony, no matter whether the latter was of a private or public nature, due to which the saying “start with Hestia” was formed, which served as a synonym for a successful and correct start to the matter. Hera Hera is a goddess, the patroness of marriage, protecting the mother during childbirth. One of the twelve Olympian deities, the supreme goddess, wife of Zeus. Sculpture of Ancient Greece Ancient Greek sculpture is one of the highest achievements of the culture of antiquity, which left an indelible mark on world history. The origin of Greek sculpture can be attributed to the era of Homeric Greece (XII-VIII centuries BC). Already in the archaic era, in the 7th-6th centuries, wonderful statues and ensembles were created. The heyday and highest rise of Greek sculpture occurred during the period of the early and high classics (5th century BC). And the 4th century BC. e., already the period of the late classics. The sculpture of the Archaic era is dominated by statues of slender naked youths and draped young girls - kouros and koras. Neither childhood nor old age attracted the attention of artists then, because only in mature youth are vital forces in full bloom and balance. Early Greek sculptors created images of Men and Women in their ideal version. Archaic sculptures were not as monotonously white as we imagine them to be now. Many still have traces of painting. The artists were looking for a mathematically verified “Disco thrower” Myron “Goddess with the proportions of the human “body” from 460-450 BC. bodies with pomegranate" Keratei 580-570 architecture The main task of architecture among the Greeks was the construction of temples. It gave birth to and developed artistic forms. Throughout the entire historical life of Ancient Greece, its temples retained the same basic type, which was later adopted by the Ancient Romans. Greek temples were not like the temples of Ancient Egypt and the East: they were not colossal, religiously awe-inspiring mysterious temples of formidable, monstrous deities, but friendly dwellings of humanoid gods, built like the dwellings of mere mortals, but more elegant and rich. * Temple of Apollo The main task of the temple architecture of the Greeks was the construction of temples. Throughout the historical life of Ancient Greece, its Artemis temples retained the same basic type. The column played an important role in Greek architecture: its shapes, proportions and decorative decoration subordinated the shapes, proportions and decoration of other parts of the structure; it was the module defining his style. The columns of Ancient Greece are divided into two styles: o The Doric style is distinguished by the simplicity, power, and even heaviness of its forms, their strict proportionality and full compliance with mechanical laws. Its column represents a circle in its section; oIn the Ionic style, all forms are lighter, gentler and more graceful than in the Doric. The column stands on a quadrangular, rather wide base * The ancient Greeks painted all types of pottery used for storage, eating, rituals and holidays. Works of ceramics, decorated with special care, were donated to temples or invested in burials. Ceramic vessels and their fragments that have undergone strong firing and are resistant to environmental influences have been preserved in the tens of thousands. From the second half of the 7th century. before the beginning of the 5th century BC, human figures began to appear in images. The most popular motifs for images on vases are feasts, battles, mythological scenes, Centuripska telling about the life of Hercules and the Trojan War. I vase painting At different periods of life, the Greeks used different types of black-figure vase painting: black-figure, red-figure, vase painting on a red-figure white background, gnathia vases, Kanozan, Centuripa. vase painting Vase-Gnathia vase painting Vase painting on a white background Ancient Greek writing The ancient Greeks developed their writing based on Phoenician. The names of some Greek letters are Phoenician words. For example, the name of the letter “alpha” comes from the Phoenician “aleph” (bull), “beta” - from “bet” (house). They also came up with some new letters. This is how the alphabet came about. The Greek alphabet already had 24 letters. The Greek alphabet formed the basis of the Latin alphabet, and Latin became the basis of all Western European languages. The Slavic alphabet also came from Greek. The invention of the alphabet is a huge step forward in the development of culture. Of the huge variety of works of ancient Greek literature, only very few have reached us. The literature of Ancient Greece is divided into two periods: The Archaic period is the main phenomenon of Homeric poems, representing the completion of a long series of smaller experiments in legendary poetry, as well as religious and everyday songwriting. This also includes the Odyssey and the Iliad. Classical Period – This period was dominated by comedy and tragedy, reflecting the real political life of the Greeks. Hellenistic period - among the scientific disciplines of that time, philology or literary criticism occupied first place. The removal of poetry from politics was, as it were, compensated for by idyllic pictures of common people's life - Wikipedia and other Internet resources

1. 1. Mythology: ancient Greek and Mythology: ancient Greek and Slavic.Slavic. Teacher: Kupryashova S.V. Teacher: Kupryashova S.V.
2. 2. MythologyMythology Ancient people could not explain the phenomenaAncient people could not explain the phenomena of the nature around them, so they populated the nature around them, so they populated their world with many gods and spirits. One world with many gods and spirits. Some of these deities controlled the movement of the sun, some of these deities controlled the movement of the sun, others ruled over the waters, others ruled over the waters, others gave luck in the hunt, fourth guarded the home, luck in the hunt, and fourth guarded the hearth. Legends about gods in the minds of people. Legends about gods in the minds of people were intertwined with real events, intertwined with real events and phenomena, so gradually mythology was created.
3. 3. MythologyMythology For the primitiveFor ​​the primitive man, the mythology of man, mythology was objectivewas objective reality.reality. The same as for us, The same as for us, for example, knowledge, for example, knowledge that there are 365 in a year or that there are 365 or 366 days in a year. 366 days.
4. 4. Ancient mythologyAncient mythology The word “antique” translated fromThe word “antique” translated from Latin (antigues) meansLatin (antigues) means “ancient”. Antique "ancient". Ancient mythology is considered the mostmythology is considered the most significant in terms of the degree of its significant in terms of the degree of its influence on the further development of the influence on the further development of the culture of many peoples, in the culture of many peoples, especially European. Sub-features of European ones. By ancient mythology, ancient mythology is understood, the community of Greek is understood, the community of Greek and Roman myths. and Roman myths.
5. 5. Ancient mythologyAncient mythology A.S. Pushkin: “I don’t think A. S. Pushkin: “I don’t think it’s necessary to talk about the poetry of the Greeks and Romans: the poetry of the Greeks and Romans: it seems that every educated person should have a sufficient concept of the creations of the majestic creations of the majestic antiquity.” antiquity.”
6. 6. Myths of Ancient GreeceMyths of Ancient Greece The origin of the world and The origin of the world and gods.gods. Initially there wasInitially there was only eternal, only eternal, boundless, darklimitless, dark ChaosChaos. It was contained in it. It contained the source of life. All source of life. Everything arose from the boundless; everything arose from the boundless Chaos - the whole world and Chaos - the whole world and the immortal gods.immortal gods.
7. 7. Chaos gave birth to the most ancient thing that was in ourChaos gave birth to the most ancient thing that was in our nascent universe - time (chronos).nascent universe - time (chronos). Chronos gave birth to three elements -Chronos gave birth to three elements - Fire, Fire, Air, Air and Water. This egg was the embryo of the Earth. But here it is. This egg was the embryo of the Earth. But then it split into two parts. The upper half split into two parts. The upper half of the shell became the Starry Sky - the shell became the Starry Sky - UranusUranus, the lower - the Mother Earth - the lower half - the Mother Earth - GaiaGaia. And the liquid... And the liquid that spread over the body of the Earth - Spread endlessly over the body of the Earth - the Boundless Sea - the Pontus. He became the first husband of Gaia. The sea - Pontus. He became Gaia's first husband. The second was The second was Uranus-SkyUranus-Sky. From their marriage. From their marriage came all the Olympian godsOlympic gods...
8. 8. Myths of Ancient GreeceMyths of Ancient Greece The second husbandThe second husband of GaiaGaia was UranusUranus - sky. From them is the sky. From their union a lot of children were born:: first the titans - first the titans - six giants, six male giants and six males and six females, then females, then cyclops cyclops
9. 9. Myths of Ancient GreeceMyths of Ancient Greece KronosKronos (Cronus, Roman - (Cronus, Roman - Saturn) -Saturn) - titan, youngest, youngest son of Uranus and Gaia, father of the son of Uranus and Gaia, father of the Olympic gods.. ZeusZeus (Zeus -Kronid, Roman - (Zeus-Kronid, Roman - Jupiter) - son of Jupiter) - son of KronosKronos and RheaRei. Most. The most powerful and mighty of the Olympians, the lord of the Olympians, the lord of all gods of all gods
10. 10. Myths of Ancient GreeceMyths of Ancient Greece The gods divided the world into three kingdoms and the Gods divided the world into three kingdoms and cast lots.threw lots. PoseidonPoseidon got the right to own the sea, the right to own the sea, HadesHad became the head of the underworld, and Zeus ruled the air of the underworld, and Zeus ruled the air and everyone who inhales it.and everyone who inhales it. Taking his sister as his legal wife. Taking his sister Hera as his legal wife, Zeus began to rule the world. Zeus began to rule the world.
11. 11. ApolloApollo ApolloApollo (Phoebus - (Phoebus - “shining”; Musaget) - “shining”; Musaget) - the son of ZeusZeus and Latonya and Latona (Leto), god of light, (Summer), god of light, arrowhead, arrowhead, patron saint of predictions, predictions, arts, music and arts, music and poetry, leader of poetry, leader of music.muses.
12. 12. AphroditeAphrodite AphroditeAphrodite (Roman - (Roman - Venus) -Venus) - originally the goddessoriginally the goddess of fertility, then fertility, then the goddess of love. Goddess of love. The goddess was born from the sea was born from sea foam and drops of blood foam and drops of blood UranusUranus..
13. 13. DionysusDionysus DionysusDionysus (Roman - Bacchus, (Roman - Bacchus, Bacchus) - son of Bacchus) - the son of ZeusZeus and the mortal woman mortal woman Semele Semele, god, god of vegetation, wine, vegetation, wine and winemaking. and winemaking. Celebrations in honor of Celebrations in honor of Dionysus served as the beginning of theatrical performances. performances.
14. 14. PerseusPerseus PerseusPerseus - hero, son-hero, son of ZeusZeus and DanaiDanai, killer, killer of the gorgongorgon MedusaMedusa and liberatorliberator of AndromedaAndromeda, daughter, daughter of KepheusKefey
15. 15. Pygmalion and GalateaPygmalion and Galatea
16. 16. TheseusTheseus TheseusTheseus - Athenian- Athenian hero, son of the Athenianhero, son of the Athenian king AegeusEgeus (or (or PoseidonPoseidon) and) and EphraEphra, winner of the winner of Procrustes, the MinotaurProcrustes, the Minotaur, etc.
17. 17. Paris and HelenParis and Helen ParisParis is the beautiful-beautiful son of the Trojan kingson of the Trojan king Priam and Hecuba,Priam and Hecuba, who kidnapped Helen, who kidnapped Helen the Beautiful, which became the Beautiful, which became the cause of the Trojancause of the Trojan warwar
18. 18. Paris and HelenParis and Helen
19. 19. PrometheusPrometheus PrometheusPrometheus - titan, - titan, son of the titan son of the titan IapetusIapetus (Iapetus) and the oceanids (Iapetus) and the oceanids Clymenes, who gave Clymenes, who gave people fire and people fire and crafts, contrary to crafts, contrary to the will of the gods the will of the gods
20. 20. Erwin Lazar “Fire”. Erwin Lazar “Fire”. “In the corner stood “In the corner stood a smallsmall glass bell, glass bell, the way the grocershow the grocers cover the yeast.cover the yeast. Nearby is a sign: Nearby is a sign: “Fire of the Soul.” Under "Fire of the Soul". There was nothing under the hood, there was nothing under the hood...”there was...”
21. 21. Bulat OkudzhavaBulat Okudzhava Into earthly passionsInvolved in earthly passions, involved, I know that from darkness to light I know that from darkness to light one day an angel will come out one day a black angel will come out and shout that there is no salvation. and shout that there is no salvation. But the simple-minded and But the simple-minded and timid, timid, beautiful, as good, beautiful, as good news, news, the white angel following behind, the white angel following behind will whisper that there is hope. He will whisper that there is hope. 19891989
22. 22. The Olympic Games The Olympic Games The Olympics exalted the Olympics exalted man, for the Olympics man, for the Olympics reflected the worldview, reflected the worldview, the cornerstone of which was the cult of perfection of the spirit was the cult of perfection of the spirit and body, idealization of the body, idealization of a harmoniously developed harmoniously developed man - a thinker and a man - a thinker and athlete Olympic athlete. The Olympian - the winner of the games - the winner of the games - was given compatriots compatriots the honors that the gods had received.
23. 3
24. 24. God RodGod Rod All peoples know the very All peoples know the very first god - this is the living, the first god is the living, creating with thought, endless, creating with thought, endless in time and space time and space Universe. Space is one, and the Universe. There is one cosmos, and, at the same time, there is infinitely much of it, there is infinitely much of it. It was the Almighty who created the It was the Almighty who created with his thought the Golden Egg, from his thought the Golden Egg from which His son came out - from which His son came out - Rod. This god began to create the Rod. This god began to create the visible world. Everything born into the visible world. Everything born by Rod still carries Rod, still carries his name: nature, homeland, his name: nature, homeland, parents, relatives. parents, relatives.
25. 25. SvarogSvarog From the sacred language From the sacred language of the Aryans of Sanskrit, the dictionaries of Sanskrit, the word “Svarog” is translated as “Svarog” is translated as “walking in the sky.” In "walker in the sky." In ancient times, they used to denote the day's path of the sun, then the sun across the sky, then they began to call the sky, then they began to call the sky in general, heavenly light. in general, heavenly light. In other words, the son of Rod. In other words, the son of Rod, the god Svarog is the Father. God Svarog is the Heavenly Father. Sometimes its Heavenly. Sometimes they called him simply God. They called him simply God.
26. 26. StribogStribog The ancient Rus revered the godThe ancient Rus revered the god of the winds - Stribog no less than the winds - Stribog no less than other Svarozhichs. Rus wine Svarozhichi. The Rus in ancient times, in deep antiquity, conquered the sea element.conquered the sea element. The Russians came up with a boat, a rudder, The Russians came up with a boat, a rudder, an anchor and a sail. Being an anchor and a sail. Being sailors, the Rus, of course, sailors, the Rus, of course, revered Stribog, who, revered Stribog, who, having turned into a bird, turning into a bird Stratim, can cause or Stratim, can cause or tame a storm. tame a storm.
27. 27. SemerglSemergl One ofOne of the Svarozhichi was the godSvarozhichi was the god of fire - Semarglognya - Semargl
28. 28. PerunPerun the Thunderer god in the Thunderer god in Slavic mythologySlavic mythology, patron, patron of the prince and the prince and the squads in the ancient Russian ancient Russian pagan pantheon. pagan pantheon.
29. 29. Dazhdbog, DazhdbogDazhdbog, Dazhdbog Dazhdbog - godDazhdbog - god of the Sun, giver of the Sun, giver of heat and light. His name is warmth and light. His name is heard in the shortest prayer, the shortest prayer that has survived to this day: our days, the prayer: “Give, God!” “Give, God!”
30. 30. LadaLada Lada - Slavic goddessLada - Slavic goddess of love and beauty. In the name of love and beauty. By the name of Lada, the ancient Slavs called Lada, not only the original goddess, the original goddess of love, but also the entire order of love, but also the entire order of life - lad, where all lives are lad, where everything should have been ok, then it should have been ok, that is, good. All people are good. All people should be able to get along with each other. All people should be able to get along with each other. My wife called me a friend. The wife called her beloved Lado, and he called her beloved Lado, and he called her Ladushka. Ladushka.
31. 31. BereginyaBereginya Ancient SlavsAncient Slavs believed that Bereginyabelieved that Bereginya was a great goddess, is a great goddess who gave birth to all things.who gave birth to all things. She is accompanied everywhere by luminous horsemen, luminous horsemen personifying the personifying the sun.
32. 32. MermaidsMermaids are a mythological mythological and folkloric folklore human-like human-like creature, a creature, predominantly predominantly female (or female (or spirit spirit), associated with), associated with bodies of water.bodies of water.
33. 33. KikimoraKikimora is predominantly a predominantly negative negative character of Slavic character of Slavic mythology, one of mythology, one of the types of types of brownie..
34. 34. The brownie of the Slavic peoples of the Slavic peoples is the home spirit spirit, the mythological mythological owner of the owner and patron of the house, the patron of the house, ensuring the normal life of the family, the normal life of the family, the health of people and animals, the health of people and animals, fertility. Fertility. It differs from demons in that it does not differ in that it does not do evil, but only jokes, does evil, but only jokes sometimes, even provides sometimes, even provides services if it loves the ownerservices if it loves the owner or mistress or mistress
35. 35. VodyanoyVodyanoy in Slavicin Slavic mythologymythology spiritspirit that lives in the water, the owner of the water.the owner of the water. The embodiment of the elementThe embodiment of the element of water as water as a negative and negative and dangerous principle. dangerous principle.
36. 36. LeshyLeshy owner of the forestowner of the forest
37. 37. Baba YagaBaba Yaga charactercharacter of Slavic mythologySlavic mythology and folklorefolklore (especially (especially magic fairy tales) Slavic peoples, old woman-peoples, old woman-sorceress, sorceress endowed with magical power, magical power, sorceress, werewolf. sorceress, werewolf.
38. 38. Hut on Chicken LegsHut on Chicken Legs In ancient times, the deadIn ancient times, the dead were buried in domovinas - buried in domovinas - houses located above houses located above the ground on very high ground on very high stumps with roots peeking out from the stumps, under the ground with roots that look like chicken feet. look like chicken feet. The houses were placed in such a way the houses were placed in such a way that the hole in them was facing in the direction in the opposite direction from the settlement, towards the forest, towards the forest
39. 39. Baba YagaBaba Yaga The name “chicken legs” The name “chicken legs” most likely came from the “kurny”, that is, from the “kurny”, that is, fumigated with smoke, fumigated with smoke, pillars on which pillars on which the Slavs placed “the Izbuslavs built a “death hut” a small log house with death” a small log house with the ashes of the deceased inside the ashes of the deceased inside (such a funeral (such a funeral rite existed among the ancient Slavs back in the 6th-ancient Slavs back in the 6th-9th centuries). 9th centuries. ).
40. 40. Thank you for your attention!Thank you for your attention! 

Ancient Greek religion Religion arose at the end of the 2nd - beginning of the 1st millennium BC. in the depths of the Cretan-Mycenaean civilization and existed until the 4th century AD. The Greeks went through fetishism - this was expressed in the worship of statues. Anthropomorphism is a humanoid depiction of gods, endowing them with feelings, good and evil, and immortality.

Earth Uranus - Sky (spread across the entire earth) Uranus - Gaia = 12 children (6 sons and 6 daughters) Son Ocean - gave the earth an ocean and rivers Son and daughter - Hyperion and Theia: - Helios - Sun, Selene - Moon - Eos - Dawn The Son of Astraeus gave the earth winds - northern Boreas, eastern Eurus, southern Noth, western Zephyr.

The fight between Kronos and Uranus. Uranus imprisoned his children underground and did not allow them to come out into the light. One of the sons, Kronos, took power from his father and overthrew him. Kronos also destroyed his children, but did not have time to eat one son. His wife Rhea gave him a stone instead of a child. This child will be the future god Zeus. From him all the other gods will come, and he will take his place on Mount Olympus. From the mountain he sends order and laws, happiness and misfortune, life and death to people. If Zeus gets angry, he sends thunder and lightning.

Slide 2

The birth of the world from Chaos

• The ancient Greeks imagined chaos as a kind of gaping mouth (“chaos” comes from the word “yawn”)
• From it arise Gaia (earth), Tartarus (an underground dungeon, but at the same time a monster), Eros (love), Erebus (darkness) and Nyukta (night)
• The last two, in turn, give rise to Day and Ether
• Gaia gave birth to Uranus (sky)
• Together they populated the world with living creatures

The birth of the world from Chaos watercolor, 1993

Slide 3

Theogony

First of all, Chaos arose in the universe, and then Broad-breasted Gaia, a safe haven for all, Gloomy Tartarus, lying in the deep depths of the earth, And, among all the eternal gods, the most beautiful - Eros. Sweet-smelling - among all gods and earth-born people he conquers the soul in the chest and all reasoning deprives. Black Night and gloomy Erebus were born from Chaos. Night Ether gave birth to the shining Day, or Hemera: She conceived them in her womb, uniting with Erebus in love.

Slide 4

Zeus defeats the Titan

The Titans were the predecessors of the Olympian gods and in this they are similar to the Etun-Hrimthurs (Scandinavian mythology) and the Asuras (Indian mythology)

Zeus slays the Titan watercolor, 1992

Slide 5

Theogony

Zeus no longer began to restrain his powerful spirit, but immediately his heart was filled with courage, He showed all his strength. And immediately from the sky, as well as from Olympus, the Thunderer-Lord came, showering with lightning. Peruns, full of brilliance and thunder, often flew from a powerful hand one after another; and the sacred flame swirled.

Slide 6

Triumph of Amphitrite

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