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Battle on Kalinov Bridge - Russian folk tale

The Battle on Kalinov Bridge is a fairy tale about the feat of three Russian heroes. The plot coincides with the fairy tale Ivan the Peasant Son and the Miracle Yudo. In the present plot, in addition to Ivan the peasant son, two more Russian heroes appear - Ivan Tsarevich and Ivan Popovich. They got together and went to fight against three monstrous snakes on Kalinov Bridge...

Read the Battle on Kalinov Bridge

In a certain kingdom, in a certain state, there lived a king and a queen. The queen had a favorite girlfriend - the priest's daughter, and the queen had a favorite servant - Chernavushka. It didn’t take long before each one gave birth to a young son. The Tsarina has Ivan Tsarevich, Popovna has Ivan Popovich, Chernavka has Vanyushka, a peasant son. The kids began to grow by leaps and bounds. They grew up to be mighty heroes.
Once they were returning from a hunt, the queen ran out of the hut and burst into tears:

My dear sons, our terrible enemies, fierce snakes, have attacked us, coming at us across the Smorodina River, across the clean Kalinov Bridge. All the people around were taken captive, the land was ravaged, and burned with fire.

Don’t cry, mother, we won’t let the kite cross the Kalinov Bridge.

In short, we got ready and let's go.

They come to the Smorodina River and see that everything around is burned with fire, the whole Russian land is watered with blood. Near Kalinov Bridge there is a hut on chicken legs.

Well, brothers,” says Ivan Tsarevich, “we can live and guard here, and not let enemies cross the Kalinov Bridge.” It's your turn to keep guard.

On the first night, Ivan Tsarevich began to guard. He put on golden armor, took a sword, and went on patrol. Waiting - waiting - quietly on the Smorodina River. Ivan Tsarevich lay down under a broom bush and fell asleep in a heroic sleep. But Vanyushka can’t sleep in the hut, he can’t lie down. Vanyushka got up, took an iron club, went out to the Smorodina River and saw Tsarevich Ivan sleeping and snoring under a bush.

Suddenly the waters in the river became agitated, the eagles screamed in the oak trees: Miracle Yudo, a six-headed snake, was leaving. When he blew in all directions, he burned everything for three miles with fire! His horse stepped onto the Kalinov Bridge. Vanyushka jumped up, swung his iron club - he knocked off three heads, swung it again - knocked off three more. They put their heads under the bridge and pushed their bodies into the river. I went to the hut and went to bed.

In the morning, Tsarevich Ivan returned from patrol. His brothers ask him:

So, Tsarevich, how did the night go?

Quietly, brothers, not even a fly flew past me. Vanyushka sits and remains silent.

The next night Ivan Popovich went on patrol. Waiting - waiting - quietly on the Smorodina River. Ivan Popovich lay down under a willow bush and fell asleep in a heroic sleep. In the middle of the night Vanyushka took an iron club and went to the Smorodina River. And near the Kalinov Bridge, under a bush, Ivan Popovich sleeps and snores, like the forest is noisy.

Suddenly the waters in the river became agitated, the eagles screamed in the oak trees: Miracle Yudo, a nine-headed serpent, was leaving. Under him, the horse stumbled, the raven on his shoulder perked up, and the dog behind him bristled. The nine-headed snake got angry:

Why are you, dog meat, stumbling, you, crow feather, trembling, you, dog hair, bristling? There is no enemy for me in the whole world!

The raven from his right shoulder answers him:

There is an opponent in the world for you - a Russian hero, Ivan - a peasant son.

Ivan, the peasant’s son, was not born, and if he was born, he was not fit for war, I’ll put him in the palm of my hand, I’ll slam him with another, it’ll only make him wet.

Vanyushka got angry:

Do not boast, enemy power! Without catching a clear falcon, it’s too early to pluck feathers, without fighting with a good fellow, it’s too early to brag.

They came together and hit each other - only the earth around them groaned. Miracle Yudo - the nine-headed snake drove Ivan ankle-deep into the ground. Vanyushka got excited, went wild, swung his club, and blew off three snake heads like heads of cabbage.

Stop, Ivan the peasant son, give me, Miracle Yudo, a break!

What a rest for you, enemy power! You have nine heads - I have one!

Ivanushka swung and took off three more heads, and Miracle Yudo hit Ivan and drove him knee-deep into the ground. Then Vanyushka contrived, grabbed a handful of earth and threw it into the Snake’s eyes.

While the Serpent was rubbing his eyes and clearing his eyebrows, Ivan the peasant son knocked off his last three heads. They put their heads under the bridge and threw their bodies into the water.

In the morning, Ivan Popovich returned from patrol, his brothers asked:

So, Popovich, how was your night?

Quiet, brothers, only the mosquito squeaked over your ear.

Then Vanyushka led them to the Kalinov Bridge and showed them the snake heads.

Oh, you sleepy sleepyheads, should you really fight? You should be lying on the stove at home!

On the third night, Vanyushka goes on patrol. He puts on cowhide boots, puts on hemp mittens, and punishes his older brothers:

Dear brothers, I am going to a terrible battle, lie down, sleep, listen to my scream.

Here Vanyushka stands at the Kalinov Bridge, behind him is the Russian land. Time passed after midnight, the waters on the river became agitated, and the eagles began to scream in the oak trees. The Serpent Gorynych, the twelve-headed Miracle Yudo, leaves. Each head sings with its own tune, flames blaze from its nostrils, smoke pours out of its mouth. The horse under him has twelve wings. The horse's fur is iron, its tail and mane are fiery.

The Serpent drove onto the Kalinov Bridge. Then the horse stumbled under him, the raven started, and the dog behind him bristled. Miracle Yudo whips a horse on the hips, a crow on the feathers, a dog on the ears.

Why are you, dog meat, stumbling, you, crow feather, trembling, you, dog hair, bristling? Ali, do you think Ivan is the peasant’s son here? Yes, if he was born, and even fit for war, I just blow - his ashes will remain!

Vanyushka got angry and jumped out:

Without fighting with a good fellow, it’s too early, Miracle Yudo, to brag!

Vanyushka swung, knocked off the Snake’s three heads, and the Snake drove him ankle-deep into the ground, picked up his three heads, struck them with a fiery finger - all the heads grew back as if they had never fallen. He breathed fire on Rus' - he set everything on fire for three miles. Vanyushka sees that things are bad, he grabbed a pebble and threw it into the hut - give a sign to the brothers. All the windows flew out, the shutters were smashed to pieces - the brothers were sleeping, they couldn’t hear.

Vanyushka gathered his strength, swung his club, and knocked off six heads of the Snake. The snake struck with a fiery finger - the heads grew back as if they had never fallen, and he drove Vanyushka knee-deep into the ground. He breathed fire and burned the Russian land for six miles.

Vanyusha took off his forged belt and threw it into the hut to give a sign to his brothers. The plank roof fell apart, the oak steps rolled down - the brothers were sleeping, snoring, the forest was noisy.

Vanyushka gathered his last strength, swung his club, knocked off nine of the Snake’s heads. The whole earth trembled, the water shook, eagles fell from the oak trees. The serpent Gorynych picked up his heads, struck his fiery finger - the heads grew back as if they had not fallen for centuries, and he himself drove Vanyushka waist-deep into the ground. He breathed fire and burned the Russian land for twelve miles.

Vanyushka took off his hemp mitten and threw it into the hut to give a sign to his brothers. The hut rolled over the log. The brothers woke up and jumped out. They see: the Smorodina River has risen, blood is running from the Kalinov Bridge, there is a groan on Russian soil, a raven is cawing on foreign land. The brothers rushed to help Vanyushka. A heroic battle ensued here. Miracle Yudo burns with fire and smokes. Ivan Tsarevich hits with a sword, Ivan Popovich stabs with a spear. The earth groans, the water boils, the raven croaks, the dog howls.

Vanyushka contrived and cut off the Snake’s fiery finger. At this point the brothers began to beat and stab, cut off all twelve of the Snake’s heads, and threw the body into the water.

We defended the Kalinov Bridge.
* In ancient times, the Smorodina River was called the Fiery River, and the bridge was called Kalinov, because it seemed red-hot. The river separated two worlds: the living and the dead, and terrible snakes guarded the bridge.

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They come to the Smorodina River and see -
all along the shore there are human bones,
everything around was burned by fire,
the whole Russian land is watered with blood.
Stands near Kalinov Bridge
a hut on chicken legs...
Russian folktale

IN In Russian folk tales, the Kalinov Bridge on the Smorodina River occurs more than once, where a battle between the hero and the monster takes place: “The Battle on the Kalinov Bridge”, “Ivan Bykovich”, “Ivan the peasant’s son and a peasant himself with a finger, a mustache for seven miles”, etc.

Serious and authoritative researchers have turned to them more than once, solving questions of the hidden meaning in them, but there is no comprehensive answer yet, and not at all due to insufficient efforts made, but because of the complexity and antiquity of fairy-tale symbolism, the meanings of which are lost in the depths of centuries, and elude understanding. Therefore, the study and understanding of images must be continued.

Smorodina River

Thanks to the research of the talented scientist V.Ya. Propp in science, the opinion has been established that this river represents the boundary of life and death, the boundary between worlds, between reality and reality. Without intending to argue with this, I will venture to propose a question for discussion: why exactly was it called that and what power did it have? The most common meanings are: fiery, smoky, stinking, fetid, filled with sewage. In addition, the root is associated with the concept of pestilence, death.

Proponents of this approach emphasize that the Smorodina River has nothing to do with its plant namesake. On the one hand, indeed, when describing “currant”, V. Dahl notes first of all the meaning of “strong stuffiness, stinking, suffocating odor, burning, fumes, fumes, stinking spirit, especially burnt.” However, on the other hand, he also calls currants as a bush/berry (so called “because of its suffocating smell”), and on the third, he even refers to the concept of the queen bee (!).

In this regard, it is worth noting that the bee in the tradition of our ancestors is associated, in particular, with the image of the World Womb and the origin of people (according to mythology, the goddess Lada gave birth to the Russians from the vibrations of the Heavenly Beekeeper). It was also a symbol of the soul (including its relation to the cult of the dead), and in Christian symbolism it personifies the resurrection and immortality of the soul, accompanies the images of saints Yegor and Elijah, revered among the people.

In addition, the same Dahl, in another dictionary entry, calls currants a berry, that is, growing along the banks of rivers. Let’s turn to this article, especially since it talks about self-sufficiency. It is known that in the ancient writing of the Slavs, vowels were omitted, so it is quite reasonable to assume that currants could originally have been a native land. Then the river of the same name could mean an ancient stream, counting its existence from the primary forces of the universe.

At the same time, the semantic proximity of the word to the concept is clearly visible. nugget, which has long been understood as natural as opposed to artificial, and also denoted the bearer of special talents and qualities.

Needless to say, the Smorodina riverbed is an unusual, iconic place, and it’s not for nothing that it was here that epic heroes and fairy-tale heroes fought the monsters that threatened Holy Rus'.

From the end of the 19th century to the present day, enthusiastic researchers have been looking for the legendary water artery on the map of the European part of Russia, the Caucasus and Ukraine. Toponymic landmarks, that is, geographical names close to those mentioned in the plots of epics and fairy tales, are found, in particular, in the Kursk, Smolensk, Leningrad regions, in the Elbrus region and in Moscow. It is curious, for example, that the name of the Sestra River, which flows in the vicinity of St. Petersburg, is of Finnish origin. It is formed from Sisterjoki

(“sister” - currant, “yoki” - river).

Please note, this refers to vegetable currants.
And according to the “Pantheon of Russian Sovereigns”, Prince Oleg in 880 arrived on the Moscow River, which was then called Smorodina (or Samorodina). And to this day, in the southwest of the capital, in the Troparevsky forest park, a river flows, the name of which has two transcriptions: Smorodinka and Samorodinka.
Not at all in order to insist on the “Muscovite” priority, but to characterize the image of the mythical river, it is worth citing fragments from ancient historical songs. Thus, in the recording of Kirsha Danilov (18th century), the hero of the song “The young soldier drowned in the Moscow River, Smorodin”, going to the royal, military service, arrives on the river bank and addresses her like this:
And you, mother fast river,
You are fast, river Smorodina!
Tell me, is the river fast?

You're talking about horse fords,

About viburnum bridges,
Frequent transfers!
And he receives this answer from her:
The fast river will be cleared
In a human voice,
And a red maiden at heart:
You are fast, river Smorodina!
“I will tell you, the river is fast,
Good fellow,
I take the horse kindly,
With frequent transportation -
According to the Circassian saddle,
From the Kalinov bridge -
According to the daring young man,
And you, timeless young man,
I’ll miss it anyway.”

Having safely reached the other bank and driven off a couple of miles, the unlucky traveler began “in his stupid mind” to boast about how successfully he crossed, and instead of gratitude he compared Currant, which had the reputation of an impregnable obstacle, with a rain puddle. Then the river called the braggart back, citing his insufficient weapons and predicting a quick meeting with the enemy, and when he began to return, he found himself in a pool...

The poor fellow prayed and heard in response:

I'm not the one drowning you
Timeless young man,
Drowns you, well done,
Your boast is ruin!

This plot clearly demonstrates not only the magical properties of the river, but also its powers in deciding the issue of life and death, and also shows generosity, on the one hand (at the first crossing), and the severity of punishment for an offense, on the other. Note that the hero did not at all doubt the predictive abilities of his interlocutor, and he addressed her respectfully, calling her “mother of the fast river.”

In a number of stories, Smorodina is approached for a prediction. Thus, in the epic story “Prince Roman and the Livik brothers” the ritual is described:

He gathered forces of nine thousand,
He came to the river to Currant.
He himself said these words:
“Oh, you good friend!
Do what you are told:
Cut the linden lots,
Throw it on the river at Smorodina...
Which power to be killed.”

Therefore, things were that river. It is mentioned in a number of epics (“The First Battle of Ilya Muromets”, “Ilya Muromets and the Nightingale the Robber)”, but nowhere is it said about the fiery nature. Judge for yourself: “the Smorodina River is turbulent, swamps, deep swamps...”; “So Ilya reached the Smorodina River. The river flows wide, turbulent, and rolls from stone to stone.” And in the fairy tales “Ivan Bykovich”, “Ivan the Peasant Son and the Miracle Yudo” there is no fiery characterization.

All this indicates that stench/fire as the leading characteristics of the image of Currant, no matter how stable they may seem, still cannot be considered the only version that claims to be true. At the very least, it is worth acknowledging the ambiguity of the ancient symbol.

This assumption is appropriate, if only because over time it has happened more than once that images that were initially independent became mixed up. This happened back in ancient times: in the late period, the Greeks and Romans began to confuse the river Styx (through which the souls of the dead were transported) with two others that flowed from Hades: Lethe (the river of oblivion) ​​and Acheron (the river of sorrow). So Smorodina is sometimes called either the Forget River or the Puchai River, although there is no sufficient evidence that all these names refer to the same river.

Kalinov Bridge

Since the Smorodina River represents the border between worlds, then, therefore, the bridge across it is the path of passage from one world to another. This object has also attracted the attention of researchers for a long time. So, back in the 19th century, an expert on Russian fairy tales A.A. Potebnya expressed the idea that the etymology of the Kalinov Bridge is connected with the words heat(high heat) or kalet(to become numb, numb from heat or cold). Justifying his point of view, he referred to non-random epithets for viburnum, which are close in meaning to fire: red, hot, etc. However, later the author abandoned his own guess, putting forward another version, according to which the Kalinov Bridge was metal.

Academician B.A. Rybakov explained the original essence of the concept of “Kalinov Bridge” as follows: “ The bridge over which the massive mythical monster will walk is made of viburnum, a small and extremely fragile bush, absolutely unsuitable for any kind of construction.”.

Viburnum branches can only be used to cover something, to throw something, but not to build with them... I don’t think it would be too much of a stretch to recognize in these fabulous signs of a monster the outline of an ancient mammoth (or mammoths), driven by a fiery chain of beaters into a trapping pit, into a dungeon camouflaged by branches of viburnum bushes

But if so, then why is the Kalinov Bridge sung about in wedding songs, in brides’ lamentations, and in girlish melodies? And in the opera P.I. Tchaikovsky’s “Eugene Onegin” as an image of a folk women’s song sounds:
It’s like crossing a bridge,
On viburnum boards!
Wai-doo, wai-doo, wai-doo, wai-doo,

On viburnum boards...

This image also appears in the tale “Guest Terentishche” from the collection of the already mentioned Kirsha Danilov:
He will be, Terentishche,
At the honorable cross of movement,

It is worth mentioning that “living Kalinov bridges” existed historically. This was the name of the influx crossings, gati. In particular, in Moscow these were originally the Krymsky, Yauzsky and other bridges. They were called alive because the wooden floorings were dismantled before the spring flood.

But still: what exactly does viburnum have to do with it?

Let's try to understand this by turning not to etymology, but to the symbolism of the tree. There are many folk tales about her. Ukrainians, for example, from century to century pass on the story of how the Tatar-Mongol army took girls as guides, who led them either into an impenetrable thicket or into a swamp. The adversaries stabbed the heroines with sabers, and at the site of their death, a viburnum with blood-berries grew. Another legend tells how in the Galician lands Olenochka committed suicide, whom her brother wanted to sell to the Turks; out of frustration, they chopped her body into pieces, and then the viburnum groves split with great sadness.

There is a legend that once upon a time viburnum berries were sweeter than raspberries. But one day the young beauty fell in love with a proud blacksmith, who did not notice her and often wandered through the forest. Out of despair, she decided to burn that forest, and when the hard-hearted one visited there, everything had already burned down. Only under a viburnum bush sat a tear-stained girl. The blacksmith looked at her and fell in love, and until his death he saw a beauty in his wife, because viburnum endowed him with the ability to respond to love and appreciate it. But its berries have since become bitter - like tears of unrequited love.

Since ancient times, viburnum has personified beauty and virgin love. It was grown near the hut - for good luck. It was an indispensable attribute of the wedding ritual, starting with decorating the upper room and ritual rolls with branches, wreaths and berries and ending with the announcement of evidence of the newlywed’s innocence. Funeral rituals for viburnum during marriage meant sacrificing virginity in the name of procreation. Brockhaus and Efron, based on the research of the same A.A. Potebni, claim that “Kalinov bridges are a common, constant common place in wedding songs (bridge - connection, connection).” Later, this tree became a symbol of women and love in general.

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Our ancestors believed that it helps against the evil eye and evil spirits, calms and eases the soul.

“If you feel hard and bitter about your fate, hug Mother Viburnum, run your hand along its trunk several times, tell and reveal all your bitter secrets, press close to her carefully, without breaking the branches, your soul will immediately feel lighter” (it’s interesting that An infusion of viburnum berries is still used today as a sedative for neuroses).

The people treated viburnum as a sacred, sacred plant, so it was no coincidence that the bridge was named in its honor. And in the battle between the hero and the monster on the border of the worlds, Life and Death, and during the transition from girlhood to marriage, the dying of the previous state and the birth of a new one took place. Both a feat of arms and a wedding are initiation, dedication.

In a certain kingdom, in a certain state, there lived a king and a queen. The queen had a favorite girlfriend - the priest's daughter, and the queen had a favorite servant - Chernavushka. It didn’t take long before each one gave birth to a young son. The Tsarina has Ivan Tsarevich, Popovna has Ivan Popovich, Chernavka has Vanyushka, a peasant son. The kids began to grow by leaps and bounds. They grew up to be mighty heroes.

Kalina acts as a protector, intercessor, and assistant. In any case, the basis for such a version is the symbolic meaning of the tree, deeply revered by the ancient Slavs.

My dear sons, our terrible enemies, fierce snakes, have attacked us, coming at us across the Smorodina River, across the clean Kalinov Bridge. All the people around were taken captive, the land was ravaged, and burned with fire.

Don’t cry, mother, we won’t let the kite cross the Kalinov Bridge.

In short, we got ready and let's go.

They come to the Smorodina River and see that everything around is burned with fire, the whole Russian land is watered with blood. Near Kalinov Bridge there is a hut on chicken legs.

Well, brothers,” says Ivan Tsarevich, “we can live and guard here, and not let enemies cross the Kalinov Bridge.” It's your turn to keep guard.

Recreating the original meanings of fairy-tale symbolism is not just a subject of historical interest. It is certainly important for psychologists and teachers, since folk tales connect current generations with long-gone strong threads of the unconscious, and the symbols embedded in them, in addition to the will and consciousness of readers and listeners, resonate in their souls.

Suddenly the waters in the river became agitated, the eagles screamed in the oak trees: Miracle Yudo, a six-headed snake, was leaving. When he blew in all directions, he burned everything for three miles with fire! His horse stepped onto the Kalinov Bridge. Vanyushka jumped up, swung his iron club - he knocked off three heads, swung it again - knocked off three more. They put their heads under the bridge and pushed their bodies into the river. I went to the hut and went to bed.

In the morning, Tsarevich Ivan returned from patrol. His brothers ask him:

So, Tsarevich, how did the night go?

Quietly, brothers, not even a fly flew past me. Vanyushka sits and remains silent.

The next night Ivan Popovich went on patrol. Waiting - waiting - quietly on the Smorodina River. Ivan Popovich lay down under a willow bush and fell asleep in a heroic sleep. In the middle of the night Vanyushka took an iron club and went to the Smorodina River. And near the Kalinov Bridge, under a bush, Ivan Popovich sleeps and snores, like the forest is noisy.

Suddenly the waters in the river became agitated, the eagles screamed in the oak trees: Miracle Yudo, a nine-headed serpent, was leaving. Under him, the horse stumbled, the raven on his shoulder perked up, and the dog behind him bristled. The nine-headed snake got angry:

Why are you, dog meat, stumbling, you, crow feather, trembling, you, dog hair, bristling? There is no enemy for me in the whole world!

The raven from his right shoulder answers him:

There is an opponent in the world for you - a Russian hero, Ivan - a peasant son.

Ivan, the peasant’s son, was not born, and if he was born, he was not fit for war, I’ll put him in the palm of my hand, I’ll slam him with another, it’ll only make him wet.

Vanyushka got angry:

Do not boast, enemy power! Without catching a clear falcon, it’s too early to pluck feathers, without fighting with a good fellow, it’s too early to brag.

They came together and hit each other - only the earth around them groaned. Miracle Yudo - the nine-headed snake drove Ivan ankle-deep into the ground. Vanyushka got excited, went wild, swung his club, and blew off three snake heads like heads of cabbage.

Stop, Ivan the peasant son, give me, Miracle Yudo, a break!

What a rest for you, enemy power! You have nine heads - I have one!

Ivanushka swung and took off three more heads, and Miracle Yudo hit Ivan and drove him knee-deep into the ground. Then Vanyushka contrived, grabbed a handful of earth and threw it into the Snake’s eyes.

While the Serpent was rubbing his eyes and clearing his eyebrows, Ivan the peasant son knocked off his last three heads. They put their heads under the bridge and threw their bodies into the water.

In the morning, Ivan Popovich returned from patrol, his brothers asked:

So, Popovich, how was your night?

Quiet, brothers, only the mosquito squeaked over your ear.

Then Vanyushka led them to the Kalinov Bridge and showed them the snake heads.

Oh, you sleepy sleepyheads, should you really fight? You should be lying on the stove at home!

On the third night, Vanyushka goes on patrol. He puts on cowhide boots, puts on hemp mittens, and punishes his older brothers:

Dear brothers, I am going to a terrible battle, lie down, sleep, listen to my scream.

Here Vanyushka stands at the Kalinov Bridge, behind him is the Russian land. Time passed after midnight, the waters on the river became agitated, and the eagles began to scream in the oak trees. The Serpent Gorynych, the twelve-headed Miracle Yudo, leaves. Each head sings with its own tune, flames blaze from its nostrils, smoke pours out of its mouth. The horse under him has twelve wings. The horse's fur is iron, its tail and mane are fiery.

The Serpent drove onto the Kalinov Bridge. Then the horse stumbled under him, the raven started, and the dog behind him bristled. Miracle Yudo whips a horse on the hips, a crow on the feathers, a dog on the ears.

Why are you, dog meat, stumbling, you, crow feather, trembling, you, dog hair, bristling? Ali, do you think Ivan is the peasant’s son here? Yes, if he was born, and even fit for war, I just blow - his ashes will remain!

Vanyushka got angry and jumped out:

Without fighting with a good fellow, it’s too early, Miracle Yudo, to brag!

Vanyushka swung, knocked off the Snake’s three heads, and the Snake drove him ankle-deep into the ground, picked up his three heads, struck them with a fiery finger - all the heads grew back as if they had never fallen. He breathed fire on Rus' - he set everything on fire for three miles. Vanyushka sees that things are bad, he grabbed a pebble and threw it into the hut - give a sign to the brothers. All the windows flew out, the shutters were smashed to pieces - the brothers were sleeping, they couldn’t hear.

Vanyushka gathered his strength, swung his club, and knocked off six heads of the Snake. The snake struck with a fiery finger - the heads grew back as if they had never fallen, and he drove Vanyushka knee-deep into the ground. He breathed fire and burned the Russian land for six miles.

Vanyusha took off his forged belt and threw it into the hut to give a sign to his brothers. The plank roof fell apart, the oak steps rolled down - the brothers were sleeping, snoring, the forest was noisy.

Vanyushka gathered his last strength, swung his club, knocked off nine of the Snake’s heads. The whole earth trembled, the water shook, eagles fell from the oak trees. The serpent Gorynych picked up his heads, struck his fiery finger - the heads grew back as if they had not fallen for centuries, and he himself drove Vanyushka waist-deep into the ground. He breathed fire and burned the Russian land for twelve miles.

Vanyushka took off his hemp mitten and threw it into the hut to give a sign to his brothers. The hut rolled over the log. The brothers woke up and jumped out. They see: the Smorodina River has risen, blood is running from the Kalinov Bridge, there is a groan on Russian soil, a raven is cawing on foreign land. The brothers rushed to help Vanyushka. A heroic battle ensued here. Miracle Yudo burns with fire and smokes. Ivan Tsarevich hits with a sword, Ivan Popovich stabs with a spear. The earth groans, the water boils, the raven croaks, the dog howls.

Vanyushka contrived and cut off the Snake’s fiery finger. At this point the brothers began to beat and stab, cut off all twelve of the Snake’s heads, and threw the body into the water.

We defended the Kalinov Bridge.

In a certain kingdom, in a certain state, there lived a king and a queen. The queen had a favorite girlfriend - the priest's daughter, and the queen had a favorite servant - Chernavushka. It didn’t take long before each one gave birth to a young son. The Tsarina has Ivan Tsarevich, Popovna has Ivan Popovich, Chernavka has Vanyushka, a peasant son. The kids began to grow by leaps and bounds. They grew up to be mighty heroes.

Kalina acts as a protector, intercessor, and assistant. In any case, the basis for such a version is the symbolic meaning of the tree, deeply revered by the ancient Slavs.

My dear sons, our terrible enemies, fierce snakes, have attacked us, coming at us across the Smorodina River, across the clean Kalinov Bridge. All the people around were taken captive, the land was ravaged, and burned with fire.

Don’t cry, mother, we won’t let the kite cross the Kalinov Bridge.

In short, we got ready and let's go.

They come to the Smorodina River and see that everything around is burned with fire, the whole Russian land is watered with blood. Near Kalinov Bridge there is a hut on chicken legs.

Well, brothers,” says Ivan Tsarevich, “we can live and guard here, and not let enemies cross the Kalinov Bridge.” It's your turn to keep guard.

Recreating the original meanings of fairy-tale symbolism is not just a subject of historical interest. It is certainly important for psychologists and teachers, since folk tales connect current generations with long-gone strong threads of the unconscious, and the symbols embedded in them, in addition to the will and consciousness of readers and listeners, resonate in their souls.

Suddenly the waters in the river became agitated, the eagles screamed in the oak trees: Miracle Yudo, a six-headed snake, was leaving. When he blew in all directions, he burned everything for three miles with fire! His horse stepped onto the Kalinov Bridge. Vanyushka jumped up, swung his iron club - he knocked off three heads, swung it again - knocked off three more. They put their heads under the bridge and pushed their bodies into the river. I went to the hut and went to bed.

In the morning, Tsarevich Ivan returned from patrol. His brothers ask him:

So, Tsarevich, how did the night go?

Quietly, brothers, not even a fly flew past me. Vanyushka sits and remains silent.

The next night Ivan Popovich went on patrol. Waiting - waiting - quietly on the Smorodina River. Ivan Popovich lay down under a willow bush and fell asleep in a heroic sleep. In the middle of the night Vanyushka took an iron club and went to the Smorodina River. And near the Kalinov Bridge, under a bush, Ivan Popovich sleeps and snores, like the forest is noisy.

Suddenly the waters in the river became agitated, the eagles screamed in the oak trees: Miracle Yudo, a nine-headed serpent, was leaving. Under him, the horse stumbled, the raven on his shoulder perked up, and the dog behind him bristled. The nine-headed snake got angry:

Why are you, dog meat, stumbling, you, crow feather, trembling, you, dog hair, bristling? There is no enemy for me in the whole world!

The raven from his right shoulder answers him:

There is an opponent in the world for you - a Russian hero, Ivan - a peasant son.

Ivan, the peasant’s son, was not born, and if he was born, he was not fit for war, I’ll put him in the palm of my hand, I’ll slam him with another, it’ll only make him wet.

Vanyushka got angry:

Do not boast, enemy power! Without catching a clear falcon, it’s too early to pluck feathers, without fighting with a good fellow, it’s too early to brag.

They came together and hit each other - only the earth around them groaned. Miracle Yudo - the nine-headed snake drove Ivan ankle-deep into the ground. Vanyushka got excited, went wild, swung his club, and blew off three snake heads like heads of cabbage.

Stop, Ivan the peasant son, give me, Miracle Yudo, a break!

What a rest for you, enemy power! You have nine heads - I have one!

Ivanushka swung and took off three more heads, and Miracle Yudo hit Ivan and drove him knee-deep into the ground. Then Vanyushka contrived, grabbed a handful of earth and threw it into the Snake’s eyes.

While the Serpent was rubbing his eyes and clearing his eyebrows, Ivan the peasant son knocked off his last three heads. They put their heads under the bridge and threw their bodies into the water.

In the morning, Ivan Popovich returned from patrol, his brothers asked:

So, Popovich, how was your night?

Quiet, brothers, only the mosquito squeaked over your ear.

Then Vanyushka led them to the Kalinov Bridge and showed them the snake heads.

Oh, you sleepy sleepyheads, should you really fight? You should be lying on the stove at home!

On the third night, Vanyushka goes on patrol. He puts on cowhide boots, puts on hemp mittens, and punishes his older brothers:

Dear brothers, I am going to a terrible battle, lie down, sleep, listen to my scream.

Here Vanyushka stands at the Kalinov Bridge, behind him is the Russian land. Time passed after midnight, the waters on the river became agitated, and the eagles began to scream in the oak trees. The Serpent Gorynych, the twelve-headed Miracle Yudo, leaves. Each head sings with its own tune, flames blaze from its nostrils, smoke pours out of its mouth. The horse under him has twelve wings. The horse's fur is iron, its tail and mane are fiery.

The Serpent drove onto the Kalinov Bridge. Then the horse stumbled under him, the raven started, and the dog behind him bristled. Miracle Yudo whips a horse on the hips, a crow on the feathers, a dog on the ears.

Why are you, dog meat, stumbling, you, crow feather, trembling, you, dog hair, bristling? Ali, do you think Ivan is the peasant’s son here? Yes, if he was born, and even fit for war, I just blow - his ashes will remain!

Vanyushka got angry and jumped out:

Without fighting with a good fellow, it’s too early, Miracle Yudo, to brag!

Vanyushka swung, knocked off the Snake’s three heads, and the Snake drove him ankle-deep into the ground, picked up his three heads, struck them with a fiery finger - all the heads grew back as if they had never fallen. He breathed fire on Rus' - he set everything on fire for three miles. Vanyushka sees that things are bad, he grabbed a pebble and threw it into the hut - give a sign to the brothers. All the windows flew out, the shutters were smashed to pieces - the brothers were sleeping, they couldn’t hear.

Vanyushka gathered his strength, swung his club, and knocked off six heads of the Snake. The snake struck with a fiery finger - the heads grew back as if they had never fallen, and he drove Vanyushka knee-deep into the ground. He breathed fire and burned the Russian land for six miles.

Vanyusha took off his forged belt and threw it into the hut to give a sign to his brothers. The plank roof fell apart, the oak steps rolled down - the brothers were sleeping, snoring, the forest was noisy.

Vanyushka gathered his last strength, swung his club, knocked off nine of the Snake’s heads. The whole earth trembled, the water shook, eagles fell from the oak trees. The serpent Gorynych picked up his heads, struck his fiery finger - the heads grew back as if they had not fallen for centuries, and he himself drove Vanyushka waist-deep into the ground. He breathed fire and burned the Russian land for twelve miles.

Vanyushka took off his hemp mitten and threw it into the hut to give a sign to his brothers. The hut rolled over the log. The brothers woke up and jumped out. They see: the Smorodina River has risen, blood is running from the Kalinov Bridge, there is a groan on Russian soil, a raven is cawing on foreign land. The brothers rushed to help Vanyushka. A heroic battle ensued here. Miracle Yudo burns with fire and smokes. Ivan Tsarevich hits with a sword, Ivan Popovich stabs with a spear. The earth groans, the water boils, the raven croaks, the dog howls.

Vanyushka contrived and cut off the Snake’s fiery finger. At this point the brothers began to beat and stab, cut off all twelve of the Snake’s heads, and threw the body into the water.

We defended the Kalinov Bridge.

In a certain kingdom, in a certain state, there lived a king and a queen. The queen had a favorite girlfriend - the priest's daughter, and the queen had a favorite servant - Chernavushka. It didn’t take long before each one gave birth to a young son. The Tsarina has Ivan Tsarevich, Popovna has Ivan Popovich, Chernavka has Vanyushka, a peasant son. The kids began to grow by leaps and bounds. They grew up to be mighty heroes.

Kalina acts as a protector, intercessor, and assistant. In any case, the basis for such a version is the symbolic meaning of the tree, deeply revered by the ancient Slavs.

My dear sons, our terrible enemies, fierce snakes, have attacked us, coming at us across the Smorodina River, across the clean Kalinov Bridge. All the people around were taken captive, the land was ravaged, and burned with fire.

Don’t cry, mother, we won’t let the kite cross the Kalinov Bridge.

In short, we got ready and let's go.

They come to the Smorodina River and see that everything around is burned with fire, the whole Russian land is watered with blood. Near Kalinov Bridge there is a hut on chicken legs.

Well, brothers,” says Ivan Tsarevich, “we can live and guard here, and not let enemies cross the Kalinov Bridge.” It's your turn to keep guard.

Recreating the original meanings of fairy-tale symbolism is not just a subject of historical interest. It is certainly important for psychologists and teachers, since folk tales connect current generations with long-gone strong threads of the unconscious, and the symbols embedded in them, in addition to the will and consciousness of readers and listeners, resonate in their souls.

Suddenly the waters in the river became agitated, the eagles screamed in the oak trees: Miracle Yudo, a six-headed snake, was leaving. When he blew in all directions, he burned everything for three miles with fire! His horse stepped onto the Kalinov Bridge. Vanyushka jumped up, swung his iron club - he knocked off three heads, swung it again - knocked off three more. They put their heads under the bridge and pushed their bodies into the river. I went to the hut and went to bed.

In the morning, Tsarevich Ivan returned from patrol. His brothers ask him:

So, Tsarevich, how did the night go?

Quietly, brothers, not even a fly flew past me. Vanyushka sits and remains silent.

The next night Ivan Popovich went on patrol. Waiting - waiting - quietly on the Smorodina River. Ivan Popovich lay down under a willow bush and fell asleep in a heroic sleep. In the middle of the night Vanyushka took an iron club and went to the Smorodina River. And near the Kalinov Bridge, under a bush, Ivan Popovich sleeps and snores, like the forest is noisy.

Suddenly the waters in the river became agitated, the eagles screamed in the oak trees: Miracle Yudo, a nine-headed serpent, was leaving. Under him, the horse stumbled, the raven on his shoulder perked up, and the dog behind him bristled. The nine-headed snake got angry:

Why are you, dog meat, stumbling, you, crow feather, trembling, you, dog hair, bristling? There is no enemy for me in the whole world!

The raven from his right shoulder answers him:

There is an opponent in the world for you - a Russian hero, Ivan - a peasant son.

Ivan, the peasant’s son, was not born, and if he was born, he was not fit for war, I’ll put him in the palm of my hand, I’ll slam him with another, it’ll only make him wet.

Vanyushka got angry:

Do not boast, enemy power! Without catching a clear falcon, it’s too early to pluck feathers, without fighting with a good fellow, it’s too early to brag.

They came together and hit each other - only the earth around them groaned. Miracle Yudo - the nine-headed snake drove Ivan ankle-deep into the ground. Vanyushka got excited, went wild, swung his club, and blew off three snake heads like heads of cabbage.

Stop, Ivan the peasant son, give me, Miracle Yudo, a break!

What a rest for you, enemy power! You have nine heads - I have one!

Ivanushka swung and took off three more heads, and Miracle Yudo hit Ivan and drove him knee-deep into the ground. Then Vanyushka contrived, grabbed a handful of earth and threw it into the Snake’s eyes.

While the Serpent was rubbing his eyes and clearing his eyebrows, Ivan the peasant son knocked off his last three heads. They put their heads under the bridge and threw their bodies into the water.

In the morning, Ivan Popovich returned from patrol, his brothers asked:

So, Popovich, how was your night?

Quiet, brothers, only the mosquito squeaked over your ear.

Then Vanyushka led them to the Kalinov Bridge and showed them the snake heads.

Oh, you sleepy sleepyheads, should you really fight? You should be lying on the stove at home!

On the third night, Vanyushka goes on patrol. He puts on cowhide boots, puts on hemp mittens, and punishes his older brothers:

Dear brothers, I am going to a terrible battle, lie down, sleep, listen to my scream.

Here Vanyushka stands at the Kalinov Bridge, behind him is the Russian land. Time passed after midnight, the waters on the river became agitated, and the eagles began to scream in the oak trees. The Serpent Gorynych, the twelve-headed Miracle Yudo, leaves. Each head sings with its own tune, flames blaze from its nostrils, smoke pours out of its mouth. The horse under him has twelve wings. The horse's fur is iron, its tail and mane are fiery.

The Serpent drove onto the Kalinov Bridge. Then the horse stumbled under him, the raven started, and the dog behind him bristled. Miracle Yudo whips a horse on the hips, a crow on the feathers, a dog on the ears.

Why are you, dog meat, stumbling, you, crow feather, trembling, you, dog hair, bristling? Ali, do you think Ivan is the peasant’s son here? Yes, if he was born, and even fit for war, I just blow - his ashes will remain!

Vanyushka got angry and jumped out:

Without fighting with a good fellow, it’s too early, Miracle Yudo, to brag!

Vanyushka swung, knocked off the Snake’s three heads, and the Snake drove him ankle-deep into the ground, picked up his three heads, struck them with a fiery finger - all the heads grew back as if they had never fallen. He breathed fire on Rus' - he set everything on fire for three miles. Vanyushka sees that things are bad, he grabbed a pebble and threw it into the hut - give a sign to the brothers. All the windows flew out, the shutters were smashed to pieces - the brothers were sleeping, they couldn’t hear.

Vanyushka gathered his strength, swung his club, and knocked off six heads of the Snake. The snake struck with a fiery finger - the heads grew back as if they had never fallen, and he drove Vanyushka knee-deep into the ground. He breathed fire and burned the Russian land for six miles.

Vanyusha took off his forged belt and threw it into the hut to give a sign to his brothers. The plank roof fell apart, the oak steps rolled down - the brothers were sleeping, snoring, the forest was noisy.

Vanyushka gathered his last strength, swung his club, knocked off nine of the Snake’s heads. The whole earth trembled, the water shook, eagles fell from the oak trees. The serpent Gorynych picked up his heads, struck his fiery finger - the heads grew back as if they had not fallen for centuries, and he himself drove Vanyushka waist-deep into the ground. He breathed fire and burned the Russian land for twelve miles.

Vanyushka took off his hemp mitten and threw it into the hut to give a sign to his brothers. The hut rolled over the log. The brothers woke up and jumped out. They see: the Smorodina River has risen, blood is running from the Kalinov Bridge, there is a groan on Russian soil, a raven is cawing on foreign land. The brothers rushed to help Vanyushka. A heroic battle ensued here. Miracle Yudo burns with fire and smokes. Ivan Tsarevich hits with a sword, Ivan Popovich stabs with a spear. The earth groans, the water boils, the raven croaks, the dog howls.

Vanyushka contrived and cut off the Snake’s fiery finger. At this point the brothers began to beat and stab, cut off all twelve of the Snake’s heads, and threw the body into the water.

We defended the Kalinov Bridge.