What is the difference between frost and frost? Snow, frost, ice in the freezer? The role of frost and hoarfrost in the life of nature

In everyday life, frost is often not distinguished from crystalline frost. Glaciologists note that frost does not form on thread-like surfaces. A. D. Zamorsky proposed the name “radiation frost” for deposits of sublimation ice caused by radiation cooling of surfaces below 0 ° C, which, as V. M. Kotlyakov believes, is synonymous with the concept “frost”.

Frost flowers

This is a special type of frost that is a deposit of small ice crystals that are grouped in patches, often resembling the shape and texture of tree leaves or flowers. They are formed on warm soil as a result of a sharp cold snap following a long warming period, usually in the autumn.

Frost flowers most often appear on loose, bare soil, as well as generally in places where warm soil air escapes. In addition, you can observe frost flowers on the ice cover of rivers and lakes along cracks and wormwood. Frost deposits form systematically and very frequently. They are part of the snow cover.

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Excerpt characterizing Frost

Having read about the dangers threatening Russia, about the hopes placed by the sovereign on Moscow, and especially on the famous nobility, Sonya, with a trembling voice that came mainly from the attention with which they listened to her, read the last words: “We will not hesitate to stand among our people.” in this capital and in other places of our state for consultation and guidance of all our militias, both now blocking the paths of the enemy, and again organized to defeat him, wherever he appears. May the destruction into which he imagines throwing us fall upon his head, and may Europe, liberated from slavery, exalt the name of Russia!”
- That's it! - the count cried, opening his wet eyes and stopping several times from sniffling, as if a bottle of strong vinegar salt was being brought to his nose. “Just tell me, sir, we will sacrifice everything and regret nothing.”
Shinshin had not yet had time to tell the joke he had prepared for the count’s patriotism, when Natasha jumped up from her seat and ran up to her father.
- What a charm, this dad! - she said, kissing him, and she again looked at Pierre with that unconscious coquetry that returned to her along with her animation.
- So patriotic! - said Shinshin.
“Not a patriot at all, but just...” Natasha answered offendedly. - Everything is funny to you, but this is not a joke at all...
- What jokes! - repeated the count. - Just say the word, we’ll all go... We’re not some kind of Germans...
“Did you notice,” said Pierre, “that it said: “for a meeting.”
- Well, whatever it is for...
At this time, Petya, to whom no one was paying attention, approached his father and, all red, in a breaking, sometimes rough, sometimes thin voice, said:
“Well, now, daddy, I will decisively say - and mummy too, whatever you want - I will decisively say that you will let me into military service, because I can’t ... that’s all ...
The Countess raised her eyes to the sky in horror, clasped her hands and angrily turned to her husband.
- So I agreed! - she said.
But the count immediately recovered from his excitement.
“Well, well,” he said. - Here’s another warrior! Stop the nonsense: you need to study.
- This is not nonsense, daddy. Fedya Obolensky is younger than me and is also coming, and most importantly, I still can’t learn anything now that ... - Petya stopped, blushed until he sweated and said: - when the fatherland is in danger.
- Complete, complete, nonsense...
- But you yourself said that we would sacrifice everything.
“Petya, I’m telling you, shut up,” the count shouted, looking back at his wife, who, turning pale, looked with fixed eyes at her youngest son.
- And I’m telling you. So Pyotr Kirillovich will say...
“I’m telling you, it’s nonsense, the milk hasn’t dried yet, but he wants to go into military service!” Well, well, I’m telling you,” and the count, taking the papers with him, probably to read them again in the office before resting, left the room.
- Pyotr Kirillovich, well, let’s go have a smoke...
Pierre was confused and indecisive. Natasha's unusually bright and animated eyes, constantly looking at him more than affectionately, brought him into this state.
- No, I think I’ll go home...
- It’s like going home, but you wanted to spend the evening with us... And then you rarely came. And this one of mine...” the count said good-naturedly, pointing at Natasha, “is only cheerful when you’re around...”
“Yes, I forgot... I definitely need to go home... Things to do...” Pierre said hastily.
“Well, goodbye,” said the count, completely leaving the room.
- Why are you leaving? Why are you upset? Why?..” Natasha asked Pierre, looking defiantly into his eyes.
“Because I love you! - he wanted to say, but he didn’t say it, he blushed until he cried and lowered his eyes.
- Because it’s better for me to visit you less often... Because... no, I just have business.

We continue the section "Water" and the subsection " " with the article Ice, snow, frost and frost - just right in the heat🙂 Because it’s almost the middle of summer, and it wouldn’t hurt to cool down a little! Much like the article “The winter sea is a very beautiful thing,” written a little earlier.

Ice, snow, frost and frost are beautiful for your attention. Well, plus a few words about these types of physical state of water. Exclusively for the general background :)

Frost is extreme cold. The word "frost" comes from a Proto-Slavic form related to the Old Slavic scum. This is confirmed by the fact that among other Slavic languages ​​this ancestral form of the word “moroz” still exists: Bulgarian - scum, Slovenian language mràz(Genitive mraza), Czech mráz, Slovak - mráz and so on.

By the way, the word scum at the beginning it meant “frozen, frozen” and is connected by alternating vowels with words vile, freeze.

But the word “freeze” has only an indirect relation to frost. In fact, the word “freeze” comes from the feni of seminarians 100-200 years ago, and, in turn, from the Greek word μωρóς - stupid. Just like that :)

Ice is a mineral, water in a frozen, solidified state, a crystalline, colorless, transparent substance. It tastes good, by the way :)

The word "ice" is also of ancient Slavic origin, and has its own forms in many Slavic languages. On the other hand, ice in Ukrainian is kriga, and comes from the Greek word κρύος (krios) - ice, frost.

Snow is a mass of fallen snowflakes, forming a loose, not very dense white layer. Accordingly, a snowflake is a very small but very beautiful crystal of water (the same ice).

The word "snow" is older than both frost and ice. It comes from a Proto-Indo-European root *sniegwh-, which gave rise to words in a wide variety of European languages ​​(for example, Latin nex, English snow, Greek nipha, Lithuanian sniegas, and in Sanskrit snow turned into snihyati).

Frost is also a type of ice, a thin layer of small ice crystals that covers the surface of objects when they cool suddenly.

The word frost is also quite ancient, an approximate relative of snow. But for him the Proto-Indo-European root has not been restored; however, the antiquity is evidenced by a similar word in the ancient Indian language ēnī - brilliant.

Thus, with the help of ice, snow, frost and frost, we cooled down a little in the heat :)

Modern refrigerators do not need frequent defrosting, but even in their freezers a coat of snow can rapidly accumulate, gradually turning into solid ice. This problem sometimes affects not only the owners of drip refrigerators, but even the owners of No Frost equipment, in which frost should not form at all during normal operation. The onset of the “ice age” requires immediate action: the snow coat and ice can grow so large that they occupy almost the entire space of the chamber and will even interfere with closing the door.

What to do if you see snow or frost on the walls

The main thing is not to knock off the snow with a knife, because this can break through the wall of the freezer and the evaporator tube. First, check whether you can eliminate the cause of icing yourself:

• Due to the tilt of an improperly installed refrigerator or a chamber heavily filled with food, the door may not fit tightly, letting in warm air.
• You may have set the temperature settings below -18°. Even if the kitchen is hot, you should not do this.
• Your refrigerator may not have an automatic super freeze feature. So, don’t forget to turn it off yourself.
• The drain hole is clogged. You can try cleaning it with warm water from a syringe bulb and a wire. But it’s better to call a professional to clean the drainage.

What repairs will be needed if the freezer has turned into Antarctica?

If the measures described above do not help, you cannot do without calling a professional. Depending on the diagnostic results, the following options are possible:

• Repair of defrosting system elements.
• Replacing a temperature sensor that gives false commands.
• Replacing the refrigerant (a freon leak can also lead to the growth of “drifts” in the freezer).

All these problems are successfully solved by specialists, after which the equipment again pleases with impeccable operation.

Frost is considered the most beautiful natural phenomenon. Its sparkling splendor and filigree patterns captivate us with their perfection, and inspire poets and artists to create beautiful works.

What is frost?

Frost is one of the states of water (vapor), which at temperatures below 0°C is transformed into a thin layer of crystalline ice. Each pattern is unusual and unique.

This phenomenon is explained by the fact that different values ​​of sub-zero temperature do not have the same effect on the formation of crystals of the ice structure. This is why frosty frost always looks different. When the temperature drops just below zero, the ice crystals are shaped like hexagonal prisms. In moderate frost (up to -15° C), they resemble rectangular plates in appearance. And if the temperature is significantly below -15° C, then crystalline ice appears in the form of blunt-ended needles.

Where and how does frost form?

Frost appears on various objects and surfaces when they are cooled to a negative temperature, lower than the air temperature. This happens due to the desublimation of water vapor - this means that it turns into a solid state, bypassing the liquid stage. The frost layer is quite thin, and the formation process is uneven.

By studying the formation of frost, scientists came to the conclusion that this is most favored by clear nights with little or no wind. As a rule, this occurs in early spring, late autumn or winter, when the layer of air near the surface of the earth contains a lot of water vapor.

Under such weather conditions, a sparkling layer necessarily appears on various rough surfaces that have little thermal conductivity, such as open soil, grass, wooden benches, tree trunks, roofs of houses and others. How does frost form on these surfaces? This happens due to the fact that when cooled, it turns into small ice crystals. Moreover, the wind of insignificant force further contributes to this process, renewing the masses of moist air.

Removing trees - frost or frost?

The frost on the trees is a delightful sight. The sight of snow-white sparkling trees and bushes leaves no one indifferent. Although in fact they are covered not by frost, but by frost. For the common man these two concepts are identical, but scientists strictly separate them. While frost is also formed as a result of desublimation of water vapor, this process occurs only at temperatures below -15 ° C and in the presence of fog. Moreover, only long thin objects are covered with it, for example, wires, as well as branches of greenery.

Therefore, frost on trees, from a scientific point of view, is only their trunks covered with ice crystals. And the snow-white decoration of the branches is frost. Although, if you look at it like that, what difference does it make, the main thing is that it’s very beautiful!

Patterns on window glass

A winter fairy tale - this is how we perceive the cold season. What kind of decorations does winter not use? Frost among them is the most exquisite. Moreover, in all its beauty it appears in the patterns on the window glass. Air saturated with water vapor is cooled at 0°C and below, resulting in condensation of excess moisture on cold window glass. Frost appears on them in the same way as on other surfaces - water from its vapor state, bypassing the liquid stage, turns into solid, turning into crystalline ice.

What types of frost patterns are there?

You probably paid attention to the whimsicality and uniqueness of the frosty “painting”. Nature draws with frost such patterns that are beyond the control of the brush of the most venerable artist. Why does the formation of frost on window glass lead to such masterpieces? The reason is ridiculously simple - unevenness, roughness and scratches of the glass itself. After all, it is on them that frost forms first. As they appear, ice crystals seem to be strung on top of each other and weave these magical laces. Moreover, dust settled on the windows and air currents help them in this.

Among the variety of frost patterns, two types are most often found - trichites and dendrites.

Trichites resemble fibers of varying lengths and sizes. They form on glass riddled with small scratches. First, frost appears on them in the form of crystalline stripes. The lower the air temperature becomes, the more fibers begin to move away from this main line, taking on curved shapes.

How does frost form in the form of dendrites, which are tree-like shapes? This process occurs on window glass, the cooling of which began at zero temperature and continued as it decreased. Moreover, the air humidity should be increased. First, the glass is covered with a wet film, which accumulates more in its lower part. The “twigs” of the patterns here are quite large, and as they climb up the glass they become shorter and thinner.

Frost in everyday life

As you know, frost can be found not only in nature. Those who have a refrigerator with an evaporator are familiar with it firsthand. After all, it is frost that causes heat exchange disturbances in the refrigeration chamber itself, as a result of which the unit must be defrosted periodically. How does frost form in the refrigerator? This is due to moisture, on the one hand, evaporating from the food, and on the other, entering the chamber when opening the refrigerator door.

Nature has created many amazing and beautiful phenomena. After all, you must admit that when you go outside early in the morning in frosty winter weather, you can enjoy the picturesque patterns created by frost.

In late autumn, when the night temperature drops below zero, in the morning you can see white frost and frost covering the surrounding objects with thin ice crystals. If frost is present on absolutely all surfaces (for example, trees covered in frost), frost is a rarer phenomenon, since it crystallizes only on thin objects, for example, tree branches.

The formation of frost and frost occurs in the same way: water vapor molecules in the lower layer of the atmosphere, which is located near the earth's surface, in the presence of negative temperatures, turn into the thinnest layer of snow or ice, bypassing the liquid stage (this process is called desublimation).

These precipitations can only form on a surface that is colder than the air temperature (its indicators at this time are below 0°C), because of which the water vapor instantly freezes, crystallizes and turns into frost or white frost (not to be confused with drizzle - drizzling late autumn rain).

The formation of frost and hoarfrost is helped by a gentle breeze, which brings new steam-saturated portions of air to the earth's surface (with very strong movement of air masses, this type of precipitation does not form, since the wind does not allow the crystallization process to complete).

Patterns on glass

Frost is a type of solid atmospheric precipitation, which is a very thin but uneven layer of crystalline ice that appears on the ground and ground objects at sub-zero ground temperatures, calm winds and cloudless skies. If the air temperature at this moment has dropped only slightly below zero, it takes the form of hexagonal snowflakes; at average temperatures - plates; at temperatures below fifteen degrees below zero, its crystals become like blunt-pointed needles.

Frost appears on absolutely all objects whose surface is colder than the air temperature: on grass, ground, roofs of cars and buildings, on snow, ice, you can even see frost on glass.

It forms best on objects whose thermal conductivity is low, as well as on rough surfaces on which crystals can get caught. The most abundant white frost is observed during fog and light wind on vertical surfaces.

Meanwhile, frost on glass in cold weather is also a common occurrence, and on a perfectly smooth surface it draws amazing patterns. This happens because, firstly, the ice crystals have a structure that determines the pattern. And secondly, scratches on the glass surface invisible to the eye and settled dust particles, to which precipitation clings, play an important role.

Sometimes it simply covers the surface with a thin layer, and sometimes it forms “flowers” ​​- deposits of small crystalline ice floes that gather in groups and are very shaped like flowers and leaves. Unlike ordinary frost, frost flowers can be seen on warm, loose soil in the autumn after sudden and severe frosts that occur after prolonged warming (Indian autumn). Sometimes they can be seen on the ice of lakes and rivers along ice holes or cracks.

How ice decorates the branches

The formation of rime is somewhat different from the way frost forms. It appears only on thin branches, and in addition to negative temperatures and weak winds, there must be high humidity. Outwardly, they are also slightly different from each other: white frost is more reminiscent of uneven ice cover, hoarfrost is more like snow. There are two types of frost:

1. Crystalline. It is formed at night when the thermometer drops below ten degrees Celsius, and is shaped like fluffy garlands. Crystalline frost appears with slight movement of air masses after the desublimation of water vapor from the ice fog. It takes several hours to form; if the weather is sunny during the day, it gradually crumbles under the rays, whereas if it is cloudy, it lies throughout the whole day. Thus, in everyday life, crystalline frost is not much different from frost (though it has a thinner layer).
2. Grainy. Granular frost is somewhat different in its formation method from the previous version. It has a snow-like shape, which is formed after small drops of supercooled fog settle on the surface in medium or even strong winds, regardless of the time of day, while air temperatures range from 0 to -10 ° C. The growth of granular frost continues until The fog persists and the wind blows (sometimes this process can take several hours, sometimes days). It also persists for a long time and tends to change shape: if the fog drops become too large, it turns into ice, and if the wind weakens, into crystalline frost.

The role of frost and hoarfrost in the life of nature

Since white frost and rime are considered types of precipitation that are deposited from moist air onto the earth's surface, they are part of the water cycle in nature, as they appear from moisture-saturated air and then disappear under the influence of heat.

Usually they join the snow, but if there is none, they evaporate upward, where in the upper layers of the atmosphere they fall into clouds, in which at that time ice crystals or drops move, actively gaining mass to fall onto the surface of the planet. In other situations, having melted, they go into the ground, supplying it with moisture.

After the precipitation is in the ground and frost hits, it will freeze in anticipation of spring, and after the onset of warmth, it will either go to the roots of vegetation, supplying trees, grass, and shrubs with moisture and the nutrients they need, or penetrate further into the ground, where they will join to groundwater, will go into the World Ocean.