Village wooden world homework. Village - wooden world Completed by an art and art teacher. I. Organizing time

Village - wooden world

• Kireeva Tatyana Ivanovna
• art teacher
• MBOU Dorogobuzhskaya secondary school No. 2
• Smolensk region

• Art lesson in 4th grade according to the program of B.M. Nemensky

• Russian home - IZBA

• Village - wooden world

Human life has always been connected with the nature of their native land. The nature of nature shaped the way people lived, determined where and how to build houses

• Sometimes the houses seemed to merge with their natural surroundings. Wood served as the main material in the construction of the house

VILLAGE - tree

• VILLAGE - tree
• STREET – “U-face”

• The main place in it is occupied by the stove, which is why houses are called huts - (from the words “istba”, “heat” - a warm place), i.e.
• A hut is a dwelling that was heated from the inside and served as protection from the cold.

Izba - Russian log house

• The huts were built from hewn, unpainted logs, which on a cloudy day looked like silver, and in the sun - like warm honey.

Each row of logs fastened together makes up a crown. Crown upon crown - and a cage, or log house, grows.

• Each row of logs fastened together makes up a crown. Crown upon crown - and a cage, or log house, grows.

IZBA

• The huts are high, two floors

• Houses must have wooden floors, and sand in attics: everything is for warmth.
• Ground floor - podklet - protects against dampness, cold, floods

They placed it near the hut cage, where clothes, grain, dishes and other supplies were stored

• They placed it near the hut cage, where clothes, grain, dishes and other supplies were stored

Near the cage were placed barns, well

• Near the cage were placed barns, well

Decoration of the hut

• Gable roof - building cap. The higher it is, the easier it is for snow and rain to roll off it.

• The roof is crowned with a log - stupid
• Stupidity was perceived by the people
• as a protector of the peasant family

• stupid

Closes the junction of the logs of the log house with the boards of the triangle under the roof front board

• Closes the junction of the logs of the log house with the boards of the triangle under the roof front board
• The edges of the roof protrude, and their ends are covered with patterned boards - pricheliny
• The junction of the piers is closed by hanging down towel

• towel

• Often the windows of the house were decorated with carved platbands,
• shutters.

• Wood carving

• What does I. Bunin compare the Russian forest with?
• What words does the author use to describe the forest and the tower?
• Based on this description, tell me what character corresponds to the image of the Russian tower?
• The image of a Russian home is joyful, fabulous, hospitable!

• The forest is like a painted tower,
• Purple, gold, crimson.
• A cheerful, motley wall
• Standing above a bright clearing.
• Birch trees with yellow carving
• Glisten in the blue azure,
• Like towers, the fir trees are darkening,
• And between the maples they turn blue
• Here and there, in the foliage
• through
• Clearances in the sky, like a window.
• The forest smells of oak and pine,
• Over the summer it dried out from the sun,
• And autumn is a quiet widow
• Today I entered my mansion...
• I. Bunin

Exercise:

• Exercise:
• Draw an image of a Russian hut against the backdrop of Russian nature.
• The design of the huts is similar, but the images are very different.
• There is a bogatyr hut - a wide, powerful house, and another high hut, the slopes of its roof resemble a forest spruce in shape. Or you can find a granny hut with one window, nestled comfortably among tall trees, etc.

Northern type peasant house

The presentation was made according to the program of B.M. Nemensky "Fine arts and artistic work", based on the textbook for the 4th grade of primary school "Fine arts. Every nation is an artist" Author - L.A. Nemenskaya.

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Slide captions:

Village-wooden world.

Village - “wood” The huts were made of wood, hence the word “village”. I. STOZHAROV. Northern villages.

The village is not only residential huts. This is a whole wooden world of buildings for different purposes: wells, gates - the entrance to the yard, barns, sheds, threshing floors, bathhouses near the water.

BARN - a room for storing various things. BARN - a room for storing grain and supplies

In the old days, village huts were not placed in order, but, as they said in a “joyful place,” so that the owner would be comfortable and not disturb the neighbor. Over time, they began to build them with a facade, that is, facing the road, and it turned out to be a “street”, and from the streets - a village. Villages were built along rivers.

In the center, in the best and most visible place, the church was placed. People came here with their hopes, bringing their sorrows and joys. Ancient churches were little different from a hut. They only have a head on the roof, on a thin neck, as if tied with a scarf.

From the image of a modest peasant church, the masters gradually moved to tent-roofed architecture. Festive aspiration overcame everyday life, and the princess church was born. Step by step, the development of architectural forms went from simple to complex. This is especially visible in the image of the famous Transfiguration Cathedral from the island of Kizhi in Karelia

This is a quadrangular frame - a “chetverik”, on which stands an “octagon” - the octagonal base of the tent. Like a choir they rush to the top of the onion dome. The chapters seem to be united by a powerful force, but soft, kind and feminine. So kokoshniks appeared as decorations in cathedrals. Below, such a building was often surrounded by a hospitable porch-promenade. Tent temple

In Ancient Rus' it was believed that a village without a mill was the poorest.

Create a collective panel “Image of a Russian Village” Assignment

Sources: L.A. Nemenskaya. Art. Every people is an artist. Textbook for 4th grade elementary school. / Edited by B.M. Nemensky, M. Prosveshch. 2010 http://findmaplaces.com Saransk 2010

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Target: To reveal the role of art in understanding the harmonious connection between Russian housing and nature.

Tasks:introduce students with wooden temple architecture; consider a variety of rural wooden buildings: huts, gates, wells, etc.; learn determine the means of artistic expression used in the works of landscape artists; develop constructive, graphic skills ; bring up children have a love of nature, artistic taste, and the need to focus on the spiritual values ​​of folk art; strengthen interdisciplinary connections.

Equipment: photographs of wooden architecture, the Kizhi ensemble; painting reproductions Nikolai Anokhin - Fading Rus', Fyodor Vasilyev - Village,

Isaac Levitan - Sunny day.

During the classes.

I. Organizing time.

Honor science, love art,

Take on your work without regret.

Children! Then noble feelings

They will find noble soil in you!

II. Updating knowledge:

From time immemorial, people in Rus' lived in harmony with nature. The earth is not only a natural beauty, it retains deep traces of the events of human life.

Remember in what places in Rus' were settlements built? (Settlements were built along rivers, on plains, near forests, on hills with white churches on their tops, with domes glowing in the sun and bells ringing far away)

What were such settlements called in one word? (villages)

III.Introduction to the topic of the lesson.

- To find out the topic of the lesson, you need to read the puzzle:

(Village - wooden world)

- What do you think we will do in class today? (children's answers).

Today we will visit a Russian village, get acquainted with various types of huts, and admire the beauty of wooden temple architecture.

IV. Conversation on the topic of the lesson.

1) - Listen to an excerpt from memories of D. Tvardovsky’s childhood:

“For most people, the feeling of homeland in the broad sense - native country, fatherland - is complemented by a feeling of small, original homeland, homeland in the sense of native places, fatherland, region, city or village. This small homeland with its special appearance, with its even the most modest and unassuming beauty appears to a person in childhood, at the time of lifelong impressions of the childish soul, and with it, this separate and personal homeland, he comes over the years to that big homeland, which embraces all the small ones and in its great whole is one for all.”

Where does the Motherland, Fatherland begin? (answers: from a small homeland, from a city or village, from a house, a street).

Reproductions on the board: ANOKHIN Nikolay - Fading Rus' VASILIEV Fyodor - Village Levitan Isaac - Sunny day

2) An artistic word about the native land, about the Russian village.

(Students read poems prepared at home)

My friend, what could be sweeter?

Priceless native land?

The sun seems brighter there

The golden spring is more joyful there,

Cooler light breeze,

The flowers are more fragrant, the hills are greener there,

There the flow sounds sweeter,

There the nightingale sings more sonorously.

N. Yazykov

Unspeakable, blue, tender....

My land is quiet after storms, after thunderstorms,

And my soul is a boundless field -

Breathes the scent of honey and roses.

This street is familiar to me

And this low house is familiar.

Wires blue straw

She fell over under the window.

I see a garden dotted with blue,

Quietly August lay down on the fence.

Holding linden trees in green paws

Bird noise and chirping.

I love this wooden house

A formidable power glowed in the logs,

Our oven is somehow wild and strange

Like about someone dead, alive.

In the howl of the rain?

The light of the moon, mysterious and long,

The willows are crying, the poplars are whispering.

But no one listens to the crane's cry

He will not stop loving his father's fields.

And now, when the new light

And my life was touched by fate,

I still remain a poet

Golden log hut.

WITH. Yesenin

What feeling unites these works of art? (children's answers)

I will say the word "village".

What did you imagine? (children's answers)

- Open the textbook on page 20. Look at I. Levitan’s painting “Golden Autumn”

What feelings does this picture give you?

Where is the village located?

What time of year is shown in the picture? Can we say that these are the golden days of autumn? Why?

What mood is expressed in this picture?

Can we say that the landscape is illuminated by the sun? Why?

How are the image of Russian nature and the image of the Russian village connected?

What impression does the picture as a whole give you?

Here you are immediately introduced at home with the word “village”.

What was the name of “house” before? (children's answers)

Why was it called “izba”? (Izba is a Russian log house. The main place in them is occupied by stoves, so the house was called izba (from the words “istba”, “stompka” - a warm place)

- What natural material were the huts built from? (the huts were built from hewn, unpainted logs, which on a cloudy day looked like silver, and in the sun - like warm, glowing honey. All these are signs of the promised world. These settlements were close to nature, decorating it)

Open the textbook on page 21. Read the text of the textbook.

Why were the buildings made of wood? (children's answers)

Forests in our country occupied a vast area. Wood is an affordable natural material in home construction.

What were the names of the people who built houses? (carpenters)

Look at the pictures on pages 21-22. What tools did the carpenters use to build the hut? (axe, plane)

What was the craftsmanship of the buildings? (children's answers)

Is it possible to skill include decorations of buildings?

What was decorated?

Read the textbook text on pp. 23-24.

What other wooden structures can be seen in the Russian village? (wells, barns, cages (where clothes, dishes, etc. were stored), gates, porch, fence)

Physical education minute

We need to build a new house

Definitely a must!

Come on strong, come on together

We invite everyone to work,

We will build a new house.

Row after row of logs

We'll lay it flat!

Here is the stove and chimney,

There are two pillars for the porch.

Let's build an attic

We'll cover the house with planks,

Well, it's ready!

And now we put

Stairs and door.

The windows are painted,

The shutters are carved.

We'll fill up the cracks with tow.

And our new home is ready!

The teacher shows photographs of wooden architecture (churches, cathedrals, temples made of wood and without a single nail) and the Kizhi ensemble.

The Russian North is beautiful. This is a land of dense forests, endless lakes and clean transparent rivers.

Since ancient times, villages, monasteries, and cities arose here. The North was famous for its skilled carpenters. Forests provided an abundance of the most accessible material for construction - wood. The main tool in the hands of the master was an ax. With his help, peasant huts, churches, and boyar mansions were left behind.

Russian masters knew how to build in such a way that the creations of their hands seemed inseparable from the surrounding nature. The Church of the Transfiguration, which stands on the island of Kizhi in Lake Onega, is called a miracle. You look at her and it seems like you are in a fairy tale.

It was as if the master had carved the temple from one whole piece of wood. There is not a single nail in the building! Everything is light, weightless, openwork: 22 onion-like domes, and porches with turned columns.

This is what the legend says. The master built the Church of the Transfiguration, and threw his ax into Lake Onega, saying: “There has never been and will never be like this again!”

V. Independent work of students.

(Children discuss the location of the album sheet; remember the decorations of huts; that if an object is closer, it is larger, further away it is smaller, the depicted objects do not hang in the air; about mixing paints to obtain the desired color, etc.)

VI. Exhibition and evaluation of works.

(A student prepared in advance reads a poem)

The geniuses of old architecture -

People of unknown fate!

What is your name and patronymic,

Hut designer,

By whose hand was it sketched?

Its modest estimate?

Planed and hewn from logs

Glorious is your name!

Why didn't you put the name in?

At least in the curlicues of the carving?

Lord save me!

Do I expect boasting:

Here's a hut, God's paradise - and that's it!

What do you care about our names?

You're being modest, you're pretending

Architect of forgotten times,

The creator of the five-walled log house,

Its mica windows,

You, who preceded Bazhenov,

His Vesnin brothers!

Leonid Martynov

VII. Lesson summary.

Continue the sentences: Now I know…….

Now I can…….

It was difficult for me in class......

I liked the lesson......

VIII. Cleaning workplaces.

Used Books:

1. Textbook “Every people is an artist.”

2. Fine arts. 4th grade: lesson plans according to the program / author's compilation.

3. Works by Leonid Martynov “Genius of Old Architecture”, S. Yesenin “Unspeakable, blue, tender...”, N. Yazykov “My friend, what could be sweeter...”, D. Tvardovsky “Memories of childhood”.

4. Articles from the Internet.

Lesson summary on fine arts

Teacher: Gorshkova V.V.

Lesson topic: The village is a wooden world.

Goals:

- introduce the teacherthose dealing with wooden architecture;

- consider diversityno rural wooden buildings;

- fobuild a constructive skill;

Strengthen interdisciplinary connections;

- developcreative abilities of students;

- cultivate interest in folk art.

Equipment:

materials: simple pencil, colored pencils, eraser.

clarity: sample drawing, picture.

During the classes:

I Organizing time.

- Hello guys. Today I will teach you an art lesson, my name is VictoriaVladimirovna, have a seat

Check if everything is on your desks. You should have simple and colored pencils, an eraser.

Today we will go many years ago, and where, you will find out by reading the rebus. (Village)

Where do you think this word came from?

Let's go with you to the Russian village and turn into masters. So, everyone is ready. Take your seats and hit the road.

II Introducing a new topic.

1. Introductory conversation.

A long time ago, when Russia was called Russia, there were neither large cities nor modern stone buildings. There were only fields and dense dark forests. From time immemorial, Russia has been a forested country.

Our land is rich in forests,

And the forest in it is both structured and even.

Once upon a time both the walls and towers of the Kremlin,

And they were assembled from logs.

Wood was the most accessible material for creating household and household items. And, of course, Russian craftsmen built their homes from wood.

What was the name of such a dwelling? (Izba)

What was the meaning of this word in ancient times?

(This word sounded in ancient times as “istba”, “istokka”, i.e. a dwelling that was heated from the inside and served as a reliable shelter from the cold.)

Guess the riddle and you will find out what kind of wood was used to build it.

I have longer needles than a Christmas tree.

I grow in height very evenly.

If I'm not on the edge,

The branches are only at the top of the head.

What kind of tree did you guess? (Pine)

Pine was the main material for construction.

What part of the wood was used in construction? (Trunk)

Various building materials were made from trunks: beams, boards, logs.

The men cut the hut from the logs,

Only one assistant is an axe.

But the ancient huts are still strong,

And the pattern on the shutters is subtle.

What tools were needed when building with wood? (Axe)

What is the name of the profession of a person who builds something from wood? (A carpenter)

Did carpenters have nails in the old days? (No)

How then were the logs and beams connected to each other? (Using cuttings)

Each row of logs fastened together formed a crown. Crown upon crown - and a cage or log house grows. Log houses are the basis of any construction in Rus'. If this log house was intended for housing, then it was called a log hut. Remember, what were called mansions? (Large huts, richly decorated) What about towers? (Tall structures with living quarters on top)

Guys, who can list the components of a Russian hut? (shown on the board)

(Log house, outlets, roof, ridge, pier, towel, ridge, brow, frontal board, platband)

Ancient craftsmen invested the deepest meaning not only in the construction of a house, but also in its decoration. How were Russian huts decorated?

(carved)

What components of the hut were necessarily decorated? (Pechelins, towel, front board)

What motifs were used in the carving? (Carved round rosette - a symbolic image of the sun, images of birds and horses, a horse’s head above the hut)

What meaning did the craftsmen put into decorating the hut? (Signs - amulets in the most important places seemed to protect from evil spirits)

The huts in the villages had never been painted or sheathed with anything before. People knew how to appreciate the amazing beauty and warmth of wood.

What other buildings can be found in the village? (Barns - for storing grain, sheds, wells, bathhouses, mills, richly decorated gates - entrance to the courtyard, church)

Construction skills were not born immediately, not suddenly. Where do you think the ancient masters got their experience and inspiration from? (From nature, passed down from generation to generation)

III Practical work

- Guys, let's start practical work. Pay attention to the step-by-step execution of the drawing.

IV Analysis of works

Groups take turns presenting their work.

Is the composition correct?

VBottom line

You and I have built an amazing village. And now let's go back. What do you remember about our trip to the Russian village today? What new interesting things did you learn?