Form of the Finnish army of the second world war. Finnish military stores. Soldiers of the Red Army on the battlefield

All military personnel of the Finnish Armed Forces were required to wear blue and white cockades, which were a sign of the nationality of soldiers and officers. In addition to nationality cockades, officers had the right to wear red cockades with a golden lion. These cockades could be worn both together with generally accepted cockades, and separately.

To designate positions and military ranks in the troops, it was customary to wear buttonholes. By the color of the buttonhole and its frame, one could easily determine the belonging of a serviceman to that or any other branch of the military. Senior officers and generals had a double frame on their buttonholes, the rest had a single frame. Among the generals, the ranks differed in the number of metal lions on shoulder straps, among the senior and junior officers, metal roses were the distinguishing mark (16 millimeters - senior officers, 13 millimeters - junior officers), but the ranks among the rank and file were distinguished by chevrons.

When wearing overcoats, officers could be distinguished by the presence of galloons on cuffs, while soldiers and sergeants were distinguished by chevrons on shoulder straps. The presence of a lion on shoulder straps was not a distinction, but only emphasized belonging to the armed forces of Finland.

For the manufacture of insignia denoting military ranks and the corresponding ranks, metal (roses, lions) and yellow cloth (chevrons) were used.
In the fleet, foremen and sailors wore yellow cloth chevrons. Chevrons for recruits were made of red cloth.

When wearing an overcoat by officers, galloons were allowed to be sewn around the entire perimeter or sewn onto a flap, which was attached to the cuffs with two buttons. In the ground forces, galloons had a gray color, aviation was distinguished by the presence of yellow galloons. In addition, the image of an oak branch on a galloon indicated an attitude towards the generals of the army.
The emblem of the infantry units could also have a letter designation, by which it was possible to establish belonging to the regiment and its location: "P" (Pori), "U" (Uusimaa), "T" (Tampere), "V" (Viipuri). "KS" (Kuhmoinen-Suomen), "PS" (Pohjois-Suomen).
The emblem of the rangers was supplemented with numbers from 1 to 3, they denoted the numbers of the battalions.
In addition to the generally accepted cavalry emblem, two cavalry regiments had individual emblems, the Nyland Dragoon Regiment had a monogram of the letters “FF” located under the Swedish crown, and the emblem of the Hämees Cavalry Regiment featured an elk skull with a motto ribbon.
The letter "E" was located on the emblems of individual units and subunits of the communications and engineering troops.
The emblems of the coast guard units, as well as the emblems of the rangers, were supplemented with the numbers 1-4, denoting four batteries of coastal artillery. Military schools have their emblems and insignia. Cadets of the cavalry military school wore the letters "RK", educational institutions of the naval forces had the letters "MSK". Students of the officer reserve school had the monogram "RUK".
The hallmark of the shutskor was a patch in the form of a shield (colored according to the provinces), on which the letter “S” was depicted, with 3 spruce branches. Members of the "Lotta Svärd" (women's paramilitary organization) also wore a distinctive badge.

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Red Army soldier in a cloth helmet and overcoat, with a gas mask.

A Red Army soldier in a single-breasted wadded pea jacket, a helmet arr, 1936, worn over an earflap with wrapped flaps, wadded trousers and boots with windings, with a three-line rifle and a gas mask.

A Red Army sapper in an overcoat and earflaps with tied flaps, with a rifle and a gas mask.

In the background - a Red Army soldier in a helmet, short fur coat and felt boots.

INSIGNIA OF THE SOVIET ARMED FORCES AND THE NKVD

Rice. P. Lipatova (2nd cover page)

Buttonholes and chevron commander of the 1st rank.

Buttonhole and chevron colonel of artillery.

Stars on a winter helmet (infantry, technical troops, border troops).

Buttonhole and chevron infantry commander.

Star on the sleeve and buttonhole of the brigade commissar of infantry.

Chevron and buttonhole of the captain of aviation.

Patch of a military pilot.

Buttonholes and chevron of the senior lieutenant of the tank troops and engineering troops (gymnast).

Collar of the political instructor of the cavalry.

Buttonhole of the senior military assistant.

Chevron and buttonhole of a junior lieutenant of the border troops.

Collar of the junior political officer of the Air Force.

Buttonhole junior military technician of the Air Force.

Buttonhole of the foreman of the internal troops.

Buttonhole junior infantry platoon commander.

Buttonhole of the detached commander of the signal troops.

Rank 2 flagship patches.

Captain's patches 2nd rank.

Coast Guard Lieutenant Badges.

Chief's badges.

Patches of a military doctor of the 2nd rank.

Fleet Air Force captain patches.

Politician's stripes.

Commander State.

Krasnoflotskaya ribbon for a peakless cap.

COLOR ILLUSTRATIONS

(Fig. A. Rusanov, with the participation of P. Lipatov)

1. Soldiers of the Red Army on the battlefield

The senior lieutenant of the infantry in an overcoat and a cloth helmet with lowered lapels, in field equipment, shod in felt boots, wire rod and armed with a revolver in a holster.

An infantryman in an overcoat and a whitewashed helmet, crawling with an armored shield mounted on skis.

A skier from the units of volunteer athletes in a warm white suit and a padded helmet, shod in ski boots and armed with a rifle mod. 1891/1930

A demolition sapper in a white camouflage robe with a removable hood worn over a helmet, crawling with a makeshift drag.

2. Tankers of the Red Army

A tank fighter in a finely quilted wadded jacket and trousers, in a cloth helmet, rolled felt boots and gloves with bells lined with sheepskin, armed with a revolver and a DP light machine gun.

A senior lieutenant in a leather jacket worn over dark blue overalls, with a summer helmet on his head and sheepskin gloves. Lightweight field equipment, revolver in a holster on the right, gas mask in a bag on the left. Shod in felt boots.

Major in a sheepskin coat and a leather helmet on a sheepskin, equipped with an intercom headset. Quilted trousers are tucked into rolled felt boots.

A tanker in a dark blue overall, worn over a quilted padded jacket and in a depreciation helmet of the first type with folding goggles, shod in boots.

3. Soviet pilots

Pilot in overalls with fur, in dog fur boots, with a TT pistol and a tablet.

A colonel in a dark blue Air Force overcoat and a woolen winter helmet.

Senior lieutenant in a leather raglan coat, a flight helmet with goggles, dog fur boots and a tablet over his shoulder.

4. Soviet sailors

In the foreground is a senior Red Navy sailor in a coastal landing uniform, equipment and weapons. The helmet arr, 1936 is put on a knitted balaclava, the trousers are tucked into cowhide boots. A gas mask hangs over the shoulder, the pea jacket is belted with a Red Navy belt, on which pouches and a bladed bayonet hang. Armed with a three-line rifle mod. 1891/30 with attached square bayonet.

Fleet commander in coastal landing uniform. Helmet arr. 1936 is worn over an earflap, a quilted padded jacket is put on a sweater. Armed with a Mauser in a block, two F-1 grenades and a captured Finnish knife. Uniform trousers are tucked into cowhide boots.

The commander of the fleet in an earflap with a crab emblem and a leather raglan. In the background - a Red Navy signalman, dressed in uniform No. 5 - in a pea jacket and earflaps, with a gas mask over his right shoulder.

5. In a Finnish bunker

The junior machine gunner sergeant fires from the Lahti-Saloranta machine gun. A helmet of the German model 1916/18 is put on the head, a bayonet arr. 1927 in leather blade.

Private infantry in a field jacket and cap.

An infantry lieutenant in an old-style winter cap and a tunic arr. 1936

6. Finnish soldiers in winter clothes

Sniper "cuckoo" in a camouflage suit with a mask on his face. Shod in pieksy ski boots, armed with a Finnish knife and a sniper rifle mod. 1927. German-type triple pouches on the belt.

A skier in a camouflage suit, a white-washed German-style helmet, ski boots-piex, with a bandolier on his chest. Armed with a carbine and a Lapland knife.

A submachine gunner with a Suomi submachine gun, shod in piebald boots. Behind his back is a marching layout, on his head is a Finnish military earflap made of white sheepskin.

7. Finnish officers at a meeting

An aviation captain in a blue open jacket, flight cap and gray field breeches tucked into chrome boots.

Navy captain of the 3rd rank in an overcoat and cap.

Captain of the General Staff in a tunic and cap.

Major in an overcoat and earflaps.

At the table sits an infantry lieutenant general in a tunic and breeches, shod in boots with attached leggings. On the bench next to it lies the general's cap.

8. Volunteers

Finnish officer authorized "shutskora" in an overcoat and cap and Swedish volunteer skiers in sportswear.

INSIGNIA OF THE ARMED FORCES OF FINNISH

(4th cover page)

Collar of the Marshal of Finland.

Collar of an infantry lieutenant general.

Buttonhole of a Lieutenant Colonel of the Field Artillery.

Collar of Major of Coastal Artillery.

Buttonhole of a lieutenant of the reserve.

Overcoat sleeve galloons of the lieutenant general.

Air captain's buttonhole.

Buttonhole of a lieutenant of tank troops.

Sleeve patch "shutskora".

Buttonhole of the Major of Jaeger units.

An infantry captain's buttonhole.

Buttonhole Major Engineer.

Collar of a lieutenant of support and support units.

Buttonhole of the captain of the general staff.

Colonel's shoulder strap.

Buttonhole of the captain of the border guard.

Collar of the ensign of the field artillery.

Sleeve buckle flap of an aviation captain.

Collar of a military official with the rank of captain.

Buttonhole of the sergeant major of the signal troops.

Buttonhole of a sergeant of engineering troops.

Collar of the senior sergeant of the cavalry.

The shoulder strap of the officers of the ground forces.

Shoulder strap of a corporal of the cavalry.

Badge of the officers of the Air Force.

Badge of personnel foremen-specialists of the fleet.

Emblems; anti-aircraft artillery, chasseur units, signal troops, border guards, engineering troops, coastal artillery, tank troops, aviation, chasseurs, infantry, field artillery.