Gordey karpych tortsov name meaning. Speaking names in the works of A.N. Ostrovsky. Pelageya Egorovna is the wife of Gordey Tortsov. Her name has long been common in Rus', and it is its main characteristic. Pelageya is a follower of old Russian traditions

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The work was carried out by Alina Korzheva, a student of grade 9b, with the aim of studying the technique of “speaking surnames” in Ostrovsky’s play “Poverty is not a vice.” For the work, materials from 9b grade student Ilya Golubev were partially used.

Heroes of the play by A. N. Ostrovsky “Poverty is not a vice”

• Gordey Karpych Tortsov

• Pelageya Egorovna Tortsova

• Lyubov Gordeevna

• We love Tortsov

• African Savich Korshunov

• Yasha Guslin

• Grisha Razlyulyaev

Gordey Karpych Tortsov.

• The meaning of the surname Tortsov:

“Butt” in Efremova’s dictionary

1) A wooden block, a log from the side of its cross-section.

2) Transverse - short - side, edge of something.

3) A short, usually hexagonal block of cross-cut logs for paving streets.

4) decomposition The pavement is made of such bars.

5) A cross section of a log, timber, as well as in general the transverse edge of a beam, board, table, book (side, top or bottom cut of its sheets).

6) Jarg. Face

Meaning of the name Gordey

Ozhegov's explanatory dictionary: Pride– inflated sense of self-esteem, self-respect, arrogance, excessively high opinion of oneself, awareness of one’s superiority over others.

Pelageya Egorovna Tortsova

• Pelageya Egorovna is the wife of Gordey Tortsov. Her name has long been common in Rus', and it is its main characteristic. Pelageya is a follower of old Russian traditions; she does not understand and does not accept her husband’s “quirks.”

Lyubov Gordeevna

• Her name is like a neon sign indicating her feelings for Mitya. However, the patronymic also plays an important role - whatever one may say, there is also a lot of father in it. Yes, yes, that same pride, but not elevated to the rank of pride, unlike her father.

Mitya

• Mitya. Just Mitya. It is noteworthy that the author does not give us either his name or patronymic. In this way, he seems to emphasize the simplicity and modesty of this character. In comedy, no one calls him by his full name, everyone uses this diminutive.

We love Tortsov

• For this character, both his first and last names are spoken. We love him because everyone loves him, respects him, and sympathizes with him. Tortsov - because earlier he was very similar to his brother Gordey and led the same lifestyle. Thus, through the surname, the author emphasizes the similarity of the brothers.

African Savich Korshunov

• There is an obvious disharmony here between his name and patronymic. Savva is a native Russian name. The meaning of the name Savva

The name Savva is warm, soft, and its owner is also generous with the warmth that he gives to family, friends, and just strangers who need this warmth. Little Savva usually grows up strong; neither his health nor his behavior cause any problems for his parents: he is a cheerful, kind and calm child. Savva receives a good education, but cannot fully realize his abilities.

Savva is, first of all, an integral nature, a spiritually pure person. He is alien to pettiness, intrigue and squabbles. He is drawn to knowledge, early shows interest in literature, but not cheap detective stories, but the one that gives food to his mind. He maintains his integrity in marriage, without wasting time on fleeting affairs. The uncompromising nature of these men and their loyalty to principles often turn out to their detriment - their careers never move along the well-worn road. Where it would not hurt to bend down so that the thunderstorm passes by, Savva will stand at his full height. Savva has one more feature that sets him apart from others - a craving for loneliness. This is not a "choir" person.

Yasha Guslin

• Ostrovsky did not offend the minor characters with his attention. Yasha's last name tells us about his main hobby - music. His name emphasizes his simplicity and his own character.

Grisha Razlyulyaev

• Grisha has, perhaps, the most unflattering surname in the entire comedy. His last name suggests that he loves to chat, but his chatter is empty, there is nothing behind it - no meaning, no readiness for action.

Speaking names in the works of N.V. Gogol

N.V. was also a master at naming his heroes meaningful names. Gogol. In his dramas you can find nicknames: Derzhimorda, Scrambled eggs and Strawberry. Gogol masterfully plays with double surnames, which, by the way, belonged exclusively to noble people: Musins-Pushkins, Golenishchevs-Kutuzovs, Vorontsovs-Dashkovs, Muravyovs-Apostles.

The judge from the comedy “The Inspector General” also has a double surname - Lyapkin-Tyapkin, which hardly indicates the author’s respect for this hero.

As for the mayor’s double surname, it is described in the book “Modern Russian Surnames”: “Draft (according to Dahl) in the figurative meaning of “cunning rogue”, “experienced rogue”, in the literal meaning - “draft”, “through wind”. Dmukhati means “to blow” in Ukrainian. A double surname as an example of a high-born nobleman in this case turns out to be a double hint of fraudulent fraud.”

Continuing the formation of the names of literary characters with the help of foreign word-formation means, Gogol introduces Dr. Gibner into the comedy, in whose hospital, as is known, all the sick, “like flies, recover.”

The name of the imaginary auditor is also very rich in associations. There is something in it from the bitingness, the agility of the hero and from the phrase “whip over the edge,” since Ivan Aleksandrovich is a master of unbridled lies. Khlestakov, in addition, will not refuse to “pawn by the collar” - “lash.” He is not averse to trailing Anna Andreevna and Marya Antonovna - “whipping.”

Emphasizing the similarity of the two “urban landowners,” Gogol cunningly makes them full namesakes, and changes only one letter in their surnames (Bobchinsky, Dobchinsky). In Russian drama, this technique was first used in “The Inspector General”.

A lot of interesting things can also be found in Gogol’s play “The Players,” where the imaginary Krugel, Shvokhnev, Glov, Consoling and Psoy Stakhich Zamukhryshkin cheat the amateur swindler Ikharev. It's funny that Psoy Stakhich turns out to be Flor Semyonovich Murzafeikin, and Glov Sr. is actually Ivan Klimych Krynitsyn. However, who knows, maybe these names are also fictitious.

By the way, the surname Glov is very interesting because illegitimate children among the nobility were called in a similar way. This is how the surname of the hero of the novel by V. Nabokov arose Pnin (from Repnin), Myantsev and Umyantsev (from Rumyantsev), Betskoy (from Trubetskoy).

Summing up, we can state that in the works of N.V. Gogol’s speaking names received further development, became even more significant, and began to acquire a parodic sound.

Speaking names in the works of A.N. Ostrovsky

From the point of view of the phenomenon of speaking names that we are considering, a lot of new, wonderful material can be found in the plays of this great playwright. Let us touch only on the most interesting aspects of the use of this literary device in Ostrovsky’s most famous plays.

For example, in the play “The Thunderstorm” there are no random first and last names. A quiet, weak-willed drunkard and mama's boy, Tikhon Kabanov fully lives up to his name. The nickname of his “mama” - Kabanikha - has long been rethought by readers as a name. It is not for nothing that the creator of “The Thunderstorm” already introduces this heroine in the poster: “Marfa Ignatievna Kabanova (Kabanikha), a rich merchant’s wife, widow.” By the way, her old, almost ominous name paired with Savel Prokofievich Dikiy quite definitely speaks about their characters, their way of life, and their morals. It is interesting that in translation from Aramaic the name Martha is translated as “mistress”.

The name Dikoy also contains a lot of interesting things. The fact is that the ending -ой in the corresponding words is now read as -й(-й). For example, Pushkin’s “freedom sower of the desert” (in the current pronunciation - “desert”) means “lonely.” Thus, Dikoy is nothing more than a “wild man”, simply a “savage”.

Names and surnames also have a symbolic meaning in the play “Dowry”. Larisa - translated from Greek - seagull. The surname Knurov comes from the dialect word knur - hog, boar, boar. Paratov is etymologically related to the adjective poratiy - lively, strong, stalwart, diligent. Vozhevatov comes from the phrase “vozhevaty people”, meaning cheeky, shameless. Everything in the first name, patronymic and last name of Larisa’s mother, Kharita Ignatievna Ogudalova, turns out to be significant. Charites (from the Greek kharis - grace, charm, beauty) were called gypsies from the choir, and every gypsy in Moscow was called Ignati. Hence the comparison of Larisa’s house with a gypsy camp. The surname comes from the word ogudat - to deceive, seduce, deceive. Julius Kapitonovich Karandyshev, by the contrast of his first and patronymic with his last name, already contains in the grain the image of this person. Julius is the name of the noble Roman emperor Caesar, Capito is from the Latin capitos - head, Karandyshev is from the word pencil - a runt, a short man, a person with exorbitant and unfounded claims. Thus, psychologically polyphonic human characters emerge from the very first pages of the play.

The play “Warm Heart” is also surprisingly interesting from the point of view of studying the semantics of speaking names, in which there is a whole constellation of the most interesting surnames, names and patronymics of the characters. Here, by the way, is how V. Lakshin writes about this in the article “Ostrovsky’s Poetic Satire”: “Perhaps the brightest and most caustic figure of comedy in the political sense is Serapion Mardarich Gradoboev. Well, Ostrovsky invented a name for him! Serapion is easily changed into “scorpion”, as the rude Matryona calls him, Mardariy sounds next to the dissonant word “muzzle”, and Gradoboev is a surname filled to the brim with ironic semantics: not only crops damaged by hail, but also a battle forced on the city.” . By the way, Gradoboev is none other than the mayor of the city of Kalinov (remember “The Thunderstorm”, “Forest”), who is not very almond-shaped with the townsfolk.

In “A Warm Heart” there is also a merchant Kuroslepov, who, either from drunkenness or from a hangover, suffers from something like night blindness: he does not see what is happening under his nose. By the way, his clerk, Madame Kuroslepova’s favorite, has a characteristic name - Narkis.

If you look through the works of A.N. Ostrovsky, you can find many characters with meaningful names. This is Samson Silych Bolshov, a rich merchant, and Lazar Elizarich Podkhalyuzin, his clerk (the play “Our People - We Will Be Numbered”); Egor Dmitrievich Glumov from the drama “Simplicity is Enough for Every Wise Man,” who really mocks those around him; provincial theater actress Negina from “Talents and Admirers” and merchant Velikatov, who loves delicate treatment.

In the play “The Forest,” Ostrovsky persistently names the characters with names associated with the concepts of “happiness and unhappiness,” as well as “paradise, arcadia.” No wonder the name of the landowner Gurmyzhskaya is Raisa. And the root of Raisa Pavlovna’s surname suggests certain thoughts. A.V. Superanskaya and A.V. Suslova write about this: “The name of Raisa Gurmyzhskaya, a wealthy landowner, in Russian is consonant with the word “paradise.” The clue to her surname can be found in another play by Ostrovsky - “The Snow Maiden” - In the words of Mizgir, who talks about the wonderful island of Gurmyz in the middle of the warm sea, where there are a lot of pearls, where there is heavenly life.”

And about the stage names of provincial actors Schastlivtsev and Neschastlivtsev, the same authors write this: “Ostrovsky remains an unsurpassed master of names and surnames. So, in the play “Forest” he shows the provincial actors Schastlivtsev and Neschastlivtsev. Yes, not just Schastlivtseva, but Arcadia (cf. Arcadia is the legendary happy country inhabited by shepherdesses and shepherdesses). Gennady Neschastlivtsev (Gennady - Greek noble) is a noble tragic actor. And against the backdrop of these names, their common fate seems especially tragic.”

So, one of Ostrovsky’s methods of forming surnames is metaphorization (figurative meaning). Thus, the surname Berkutov (“Wolves and Sheep”) and Korshunov (“Poverty is not a vice”) are derived from the names of birds of prey: golden eagle - a strong mountain eagle, vigilant, bloodthirsty; The kite is a weaker predator, capable of capturing smaller prey. If the character with the surname Berkut is from the breed of “wolves” (which is emphasized by the title of the play) and “swallows” a whole large fortune, then Korshunov in the play dreams of stealing, like a chicken, from his father’s house a weak, fragile creature (Lyubov Gordeevna).

Many of Ostrovsky's surnames are formed from popular words (names of animals, birds, fish) with a pronounced negative meaning: they seem to characterize people by the properties that are inherent in animals. Baranchevsky and Pereyarkov are stupid as sheep; Lisavsky is as cunning as a fox; Kukushkina is selfish and heartless, like a cuckoo...

Ostrovsky’s surname may also indicate a person’s appearance: Puzatov, Wartkin, Pleshakov, Kurchaev, Belotelova; on behavior: Gnevyshev, Gromilov, Lyutov, Groznov; on lifestyle: Baklushin, Pogulyaev, Dosuzhaev; on social and financial status: Bolshov, Velikatov...And the surnames Goltsov, Mykin, Tugina, Kruchinina indicate the difficult life of their bearers, full of need and deprivation.

Almost a third of all surnames in the playwright’s works are of dialect origin: Velikatov (“Talents and Admirers”) from velikaty, that is, “stately, prominent, important, arrogant, proud, polite, able to treat people, inspiring respect”; Lynyaev (“Wolves and Sheep”) from lyat, that is, “to shirk, evade the matter” (V.I. Dahl’s Explanatory Dictionary, volume 2), Khlynov (“Warm Heart”) from khlyn - “fraudster, thief, deceiver in purchase and sale", Zhadov ("Profitable place") from zadat - in the ancient meaning: "to experience a strong desire."

Ostrovsky’s plays are rich in funny names: Razlyulyaev (“Poverty is not a vice”), Malomalsky (“Don’t sit in your own sleigh”), Nedonoskov and Nedorostkov (“Jokers”)…

As a “building material” for the formation of characters’ surnames, Ostrovsky does not often use distorted foreign words: Paratov (“Dowry”) from the French “parade” (does everything for show, likes to show off, show off. In the theater A.N. Ostrovsky's speaking names are so precise and significant that it is time to talk about the playwright's virtuoso, phenomenal mastery of this technique.

Let’s put aside the routine arrogance that nests in all of us, no matter how simple we are, let’s forget that until now in the images of merchant life we ​​have seen only dirt and immorality, let’s try to look at the participants in this Christmas conversation as a Russian person should look at good Russian people, and then, perhaps, the veil will fall from our eyes, hiding from us such simple and so close poetry! We have already spoken briefly about the shortcomings of the comedy under consideration, and in view of the beauty with which they are redeemed, it is impossible to complain about them, but nevertheless we consider it our duty to point out one of the said shortcomings, for it flashes in several subsequent works of Mr. Ostrovsky and thus makes us assume in the gift of our author there is one fold from which he can and must free himself. The error in question is a abrupt and whimsical handling of the intrigue of the play; an appeal that may still have some significance in the theater, but is unpleasantly striking in reading. Gordey Karpych Tortsov, who had been busy with bad deeds and trades for so long, tormented his family for so many years, neglected his own brother and rudely reproached Mitya for his poverty, as a result of a small squabble and Lyubim’s requests, suddenly turns to the good path, repents of his past, and finally makes an unexpectedly successful turn the whole history of lovers.

From the point of view of the phenomenon of speaking names that we are considering, a lot of new, wonderful material can be found in the plays of this great playwright. Let us touch only on the most interesting aspects of the use of this literary device in Ostrovsky’s most famous plays.

For example, in the play “The Thunderstorm” there are no random first and last names. A quiet, weak-willed drunkard and mama's boy, Tikhon Kabanov fully lives up to his name. The nickname of his “mama” - Kabanikha - has long been rethought by readers as a name. It is not for nothing that the creator of “The Thunderstorm” already introduces this heroine in the poster: “Marfa Ignatievna Kabanova (Kabanikha), a rich merchant’s wife, widow.” By the way, her old, almost ominous name paired with Savel Prokofievich Dikiy quite definitely speaks about their characters, their way of life, and their morals. It is interesting that in translation from Aramaic the name Martha is translated as “mistress”.

The name Dikoy also contains a lot of interesting things. The fact is that the ending -ой in the corresponding words is now read as -й(-й). For example, Pushkin’s “freedom sower of the desert” (in the current pronunciation - “desert”) means “lonely.” Thus, Dikoy is nothing more than a “wild man”, simply a “savage”.

Names and surnames also have a symbolic meaning in the play “Dowry”. Larisa - translated from Greek - seagull. The surname Knurov comes from the dialect word knur - hog, boar, boar. Paratov is etymologically related to the adjective poratiy - lively, strong, stalwart, diligent. Vozhevatov comes from the phrase “vozhevaty people”, meaning cheeky, shameless. Everything in the first name, patronymic and last name of Larisa’s mother, Kharita Ignatievna Ogudalova, turns out to be significant. Charites (from the Greek kharis - grace, charm, beauty) were called gypsies from the choir, and every gypsy in Moscow was called Ignati. Hence the comparison of Larisa’s house with a gypsy camp. The surname comes from the word ogudat - to deceive, seduce, deceive. Julius Kapitonovich Karandyshev, by the contrast of his first and patronymic with his last name, already contains in the grain the image of this person. Julius is the name of the noble Roman emperor Caesar, Capito is from the Latin capitos - head, Karandyshev is from the word pencil - a runt, a short man, a person with exorbitant and unfounded claims. Thus, psychologically polyphonic human characters emerge from the very first pages of the play.

The play “Warm Heart” is also surprisingly interesting from the point of view of studying the semantics of speaking names, in which there is a whole constellation of the most interesting surnames, names and patronymics of the characters. Here, by the way, is how V. Lakshin writes about this in the article “Ostrovsky’s Poetic Satire”: “Perhaps the brightest and most caustic figure of comedy in the political sense is Serapion Mardarich Gradoboev. Well, Ostrovsky invented a name for him! Serapion is easily changed into “scorpion”, as the rude Matryona calls him, Mardariy sounds next to the dissonant word “muzzle”, and Gradoboev is a surname filled to the brim with ironic semantics: not only crops damaged by hail, but also a battle forced on the city.” . By the way, Gradoboev is none other than the mayor of the city of Kalinov (remember “The Thunderstorm”, “Forest”), who is not very almond-shaped with the townsfolk.

In “A Warm Heart” there is also a merchant Kuroslepov, who, either from drunkenness or from a hangover, suffers from something like night blindness: he does not see what is happening under his nose. By the way, his clerk, Madame Kuroslepova’s favorite, has a characteristic name - Narkis.

If you look through the works of A.N. Ostrovsky, you can find many characters with meaningful names. This is Samson Silych Bolshov, a rich merchant, and Lazar Elizarich Podkhalyuzin, his clerk (the play “Our People - We Will Be Numbered”); Egor Dmitrievich Glumov from the drama “Simplicity is Enough for Every Wise Man,” who really mocks those around him; provincial theater actress Negina from “Talents and Admirers” and merchant Velikatov, who loves delicate treatment.

In the play “The Forest,” Ostrovsky persistently names the characters with names associated with the concepts of “happiness and unhappiness,” as well as “paradise, arcadia.” No wonder the name of the landowner Gurmyzhskaya is Raisa. And the root of Raisa Pavlovna’s surname suggests certain thoughts. A.V. Superanskaya and A.V. Suslova write about this: “The name of Raisa Gurmyzhskaya, a wealthy landowner, in Russian is consonant with the word “paradise.” The clue to her surname can be found in another play by Ostrovsky - “The Snow Maiden” - In the words of Mizgir, who talks about the wonderful island of Gurmyz in the middle of the warm sea, where there are a lot of pearls, where there is heavenly life.”

And about the stage names of provincial actors Schastlivtsev and Neschastlivtsev, the same authors write this: “Ostrovsky remains an unsurpassed master of names and surnames. So, in the play “Forest” he shows the provincial actors Schastlivtsev and Neschastlivtsev. Yes, not just Schastlivtseva, but Arcadia (cf. Arcadia is the legendary happy country inhabited by shepherdesses and shepherdesses). Gennady Neschastlivtsev (Gennady - Greek noble) is a noble tragic actor. And against the backdrop of these names, their common fate seems especially tragic.”

So, one of Ostrovsky’s methods of forming surnames is metaphorization (figurative meaning). Thus, the surname Berkutov (“Wolves and Sheep”) and Korshunov (“Poverty is not a vice”) are derived from the names of birds of prey: golden eagle - a strong mountain eagle, vigilant, bloodthirsty; The kite is a weaker predator, capable of capturing smaller prey. If the character with the surname Berkut is from the breed of “wolves” (which is emphasized by the title of the play) and “swallows” a whole large fortune, then Korshunov in the play dreams of stealing, like a chicken, from his father’s house a weak, fragile creature (Lyubov Gordeevna).

Many of Ostrovsky's surnames are formed from popular words (names of animals, birds, fish) with a pronounced negative meaning: they seem to characterize people by the properties that are inherent in animals. Baranchevsky and Pereyarkov are stupid as sheep; Lisavsky is as cunning as a fox; Kukushkina is selfish and heartless, like a cuckoo...

Ostrovsky’s surname may also indicate a person’s appearance: Puzatov, Wartkin, Pleshakov, Kurchaev, Belotelova; on behavior: Gnevyshev, Gromilov, Lyutov, Groznov; on lifestyle: Baklushin, Pogulyaev, Dosuzhaev; on social and financial status: Bolshov, Velikatov...And the surnames Goltsov, Mykin, Tugina, Kruchinina indicate the difficult life of their bearers, full of need and deprivation.

Almost a third of all surnames in the playwright’s works are of dialect origin: Velikatov (“Talents and Admirers”) from velikaty, that is, “stately, prominent, important, arrogant, proud, polite, able to treat people, inspiring respect”; Lynyaev (“Wolves and Sheep”) from lyat, that is, “to shirk, evade business” (V.I. Dahl’s Explanatory Dictionary, volume 2), Khlynov (“Warm Heart”) from khlyn - “fraudster, thief, deceiver in purchase and sale", Zhadov ("Profitable place") from zadat - in the ancient meaning: "to experience a strong desire."

Ostrovsky’s plays are rich in funny names: Razlyulyaev (“Poverty is not a vice”), Malomalsky (“Don’t sit in your own sleigh”), Nedonoskov and Nedorostkov (“Jokers”).

As a “building material” for the formation of characters’ surnames, Ostrovsky does not often use distorted foreign words: Paratov (“Dowry”) from the French “parade” (does everything for show, likes to show off, show off. In the theater A.N. Ostrovsky's speaking names are so precise and significant that it is time to talk about the playwright's virtuoso, phenomenal mastery of this technique.