Maxim Gorky (real name Alexey Maksimovich Peshkov) was born on March 16 (28), 1868 in Nizhny Novgorod.

His father was a cabinetmaker. In the last years of his life he worked as a manager of a shipping office and died of cholera. Mother came from a family of philistines. Her father once worked as a barge hauler, but managed to get rich and acquired a dyeing establishment. After the death of her husband, Gorky's mother soon arranged her destiny again. But she did not live long, dying of consumption.

The boy who was left an orphan was taken by his grandfather. He taught him to read and write using church books, and his grandmother instilled in him a love of folk tales and songs. From the age of 11, his grandfather gave Alexey “to the people” so that he could earn his own living. He worked as a baker, a “boy” in a store, a student in an icon-painting workshop, and a cook in a canteen on a ship. Life was very difficult and, ultimately, Gorky could not stand it and ran away “out into the street.” He wandered a lot around Rus' and saw the undisguised truth of life. But in an amazing way he retained his faith in Man and the possibilities hidden in him. The cook from the ship managed to instill in the future writer a passion for reading, and now Alexey tried in every possible way to develop it.

In 1884 he tried to enter Kazan University, but learned that given his financial situation this was impossible.

A romantic philosophy is brewing in Gorky’s head, according to which the ideal and the real Man do not coincide. He becomes acquainted with Marxist literature for the first time and begins to engage in propaganda of new ideas.

Creativity of the early period

Gorky began his writing career as a provincial writer. The pseudonym M. Gorky first appeared in 1892 in Tiflis, in the newspaper “Caucasus” under the first printed story “Makar Chudra”.

For his active propaganda activities, Alexey Maksimovich was under the vigilant supervision of police authorities. In Nizhny Novgorod he was published in the newspapers “Volzhsky Vestnik”, “Nizhny Novgorod Listok” and others. Thanks to the assistance of V. Korolenko, in 1895 he published the story “Chelkash” in the popular magazine “Russian Wealth”. In the same year, “Old Woman Izergil” and “Song of the Falcon” were written. In 1898, “Essays and Stories” were published in St. Petersburg, which received universal recognition. The following year, the prose poem “Twenty Six and One” and the novel “Foma Gordeev” were published. Gorky's fame is growing incredibly; he is read no less than Tolstoy or Chekhov.

In the period before the first Russian revolution of 1905-1907, Gorky conducted active revolutionary propaganda activities and personally met Lenin. At this time, his first plays appeared: “The Bourgeois” and “At the Lower Depths”. In 1904-1905, “Children of the Sun” and “Summer Residents” were written.

Gorky's early works did not have a particular social orientation, but the heroes in them were well recognizable by their type and at the same time had their own “philosophy” of life, which attracted readers unusually.

During these years, Gorky also showed himself as a talented organizer. Since 1901, he became the head of the publishing house "Znanie", which began to publish the best writers of that time. Gorky’s play “At the Lower Depths” was staged at the Moscow Art Theater; in 1903 it was performed on the stage of the Berlin Kleines Theater.

For his extremely revolutionary views, the writer was arrested more than once, but continued to support the ideas of the revolution not only spiritually, but also financially.

Between two revolutions

The First World War made an extremely painful impression on Gorky. His boundless faith in the progressiveness of the human mind was trampled upon. The writer saw with his own eyes that a person, as an individual, does not mean anything at all in war.

After the defeat of the revolution of 1905-1907 and due to worsening tuberculosis, Gorky left for treatment in Italy, where he settled on the island of Capri. He lived here for seven years, engaged in literary creativity. At this time, his satirical pamphlets about the culture of France and the USA, the novel “Mother”, and a number of stories were written. “Tales of Italy” and the collection “Across Rus'” were also created here. The greatest interest and controversy was caused by the story “Confession,” which contains themes of god-building, which the Bolsheviks categorically did not accept. In Italy, Gorky edited the first Bolshevik newspapers, Pravda and Zvezda, headed the fiction department of the Enlightenment magazine, and also helped publish the first collection of proletarian writers.

At this time, Gorky was already opposing the revolutionary reorganization of society. He is trying to persuade the Bolsheviks not to carry out an armed uprising, because... the people are not yet ready for radical changes and their spontaneous force can demolish all the best that exists in tsarist Russia.

After October

The events of the October Revolution confirmed that Gorky was right. Many representatives of the old tsarist intelligentsia died during the repressions or were forced to flee abroad.

Gorky, on the one hand, condemns the actions of the Bolsheviks led by Lenin, but on the other hand, he calls the common people barbaric, which, in fact, justifies the brutal actions of the Bolsheviks.

In 1818-1819, Alexey Maksimovich was active in social and political activities, writing articles condemning the power of the Soviets. Many of his undertakings are conceived precisely in order to save the intelligentsia of old Russia. He organizes the opening of the publishing house “World Literature” and heads the newspaper “New Life”. In the newspaper, he writes about the most important component of power - its unity with humanism and morality, which he categorically does not see in the Bolsheviks. Based on such statements, the newspaper was closed in 1918, and Gorky was attacked. After the assassination attempt on Lenin in August of the same year, the writer again returned “under the wing” of the Bolsheviks. He admits his previous conclusions are erroneous, arguing that the progressive role of the new government is much more important than its mistakes.

Years of second emigration

Due to another exacerbation of the disease and at the urgent request of Lenin, Gorky again travels to Italy, stopping this time in Sorrento. Until 1928, the writer remained in exile. At this time, he continues to write, but in accordance with the new realities of Russian literature of the twenties. During his last residence in Italy, the novel “The Artamonov Case”, a large cycle of stories, and “Notes from the Diary” were created. Gorky's fundamental work was begun - the novel "The Life of Klim Samgin". In memory of Lenin, Gorky published a book of memoirs about the leader.

Living abroad, Gorky follows with interest the development of literature in the USSR and maintains contacts with many young writers, but is in no hurry to return.

Homecoming

Stalin considers it wrong that a writer who supported the Bolsheviks during the revolution lives abroad. Alexey Maksimovich was given an official invitation to return to his homeland. In 1928, he came to the USSR on a short visit. A trip around the country was organized for him, during which the writer was shown the ceremonial side of the life of the Soviet people. Impressed by the solemn meeting and the achievements he saw, Gorky decided to return to his homeland. After this trip, he wrote a series of essays “Around the Soviet Union.”

In 1931, Gorky returned to the USSR forever. Here he plunges headlong into work on the novel “The Life of Klim Samgin,” which he never manages to finish before his death.

At the same time, he was engaged in enormous public work: he created the publishing house “Academia”, the magazine “Literary Studies”, the Union of Writers of the USSR, book series about the history of factories and factories, and on the history of the Civil War. On Gorky's initiative, the first literary institute was opened.

With his articles and books, Gorky, in fact, paints a high moral and political image of Stalin, showing only the achievements of the Soviet system and hushing up the repressions of the country's leadership against its own people.

On June 18, 1936, having outlived his son by two years, Gorky dies under circumstances that are not completely clear. Perhaps his truthful nature prevailed, and he dared to voice some complaints to the party leadership. In those days, no one was forgiven for this.

The entire leadership of the country accompanied the writer on his last journey; the urn with his ashes was buried in the Kremlin wall.

Interesting Facts:

On June 9, 1936, the almost deceased Gorky was revived by the arrival of Stalin, who came to say goodbye to the deceased.

Before cremation, the writer's brain was removed from his body and transferred to the Moscow Brain Institute for study.

Born on March 16 (28), 1868 in Nizhny Novgorod in a poor family of a carpenter. The real name of Maxim Gorky is Alexey Maksimovich Peshkov. His parents died early, and little Alexey remained to live with his grandfather. His grandmother became a mentor in literature, who led her grandson into the world of folk poetry. He wrote about her briefly, but with great tenderness: “In those years, I was filled with my grandmother’s poems, like a beehive with honey; It seems that I was thinking in the forms of her poems.”

Gorky's childhood was spent in harsh, difficult conditions. From an early age, the future writer was forced to do part-time work, earning a living by whatever he could.

Training and beginning of literary activity

In Gorky's life, only two years were devoted to studying at the Nizhny Novgorod School. Then, due to poverty, he went to work, but was constantly engaged in self-education. 1887 was one of the most difficult years in Gorky's biography. Due to the troubles that beset him, he tried to commit suicide, but nevertheless survived.

Traveling around the country, Gorky propagated the revolution, for which he was taken under police surveillance and then arrested for the first time in 1888.

Gorky's first published story, "Makar Chudra", was published in 1892. Then, his essays in two volumes, “Essays and Stories,” published in 1898, brought fame to the writer.

In 1900-1901 he wrote the novel “Three”, met Anton Chekhov and Leo Tolstoy.

In 1902, he was awarded the title of member of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, but by order of Nicholas II it was soon invalidated.

Gorky's famous works include: the story "Old Woman Izergil" (1895), the plays "Philistines" (1901) and "At the Demise" (1902), the stories "Childhood" (1913-1914) and "In People" (1915-1916) , the novel “The Life of Klim Samgin” (1925-1936), which the author never finished, as well as many cycles of stories.

Gorky also wrote fairy tales for children. Among them: “The Tale of Ivanushka the Fool”, “Sparrow”, “Samovar”, “Tales of Italy” and others. Remembering his difficult childhood, Gorky paid special attention to children, organized holidays for children from poor families, and published a children's magazine.

Emigration, return to homeland

In 1906, in the biography of Maxim Gorky, he moved to the USA, then to Italy, where he lived until 1913. Even there, Gorky’s work defended the revolution. Returning to Russia, he stops in St. Petersburg. Here Gorky works in publishing houses and is involved in social activities. In 1921, due to worsening illness, at the insistence of Vladimir Lenin, and disagreements with the authorities, he again went abroad. The writer finally returned to the USSR in October 1932.

Last years and death

At home, he continues to actively write and publishes newspapers and magazines.

Maxim Gorky died on June 18, 1936 in the village of Gorki (Moscow region) under mysterious circumstances. There were rumors that the cause of his death was poisoning and many blamed Stalin for this. However, this version was never confirmed.

Biography

Maksim Gorky Born in Nizhny Novgorod into the family of a cabinetmaker, after the death of his father he lived in the family of his grandfather V. Kashirin, the owner of a dyeing establishment.

Real name - Peshkov Alexey Maksimovich

At the age of eleven, having become an orphan, he began to work, having replaced many “owners”: a messenger at a shoe store, a cook on ships, a draftsman, etc. Only reading books saved him from the despair of a hopeless life.

In 1884 he came to Kazan to fulfill his dream - to study at the university, but very soon he realized the unreality of such a plan. Started to work. Later Bitter will write: “I did not expect outside help and did not hope for a lucky break... I realized very early that a person is created by his resistance to the environment.” At the age of 16, he already knew a lot about life, but the four years spent in Kazan shaped his personality and determined his path. He began to conduct propaganda work among workers and peasants (with the populist M. Romas in the village of Krasnovidovo). Traveling began in 1888 Gorky around Russia in order to get to know it better and get to know the life of the people better.

Passed Bitter through the Don steppes, across Ukraine, to the Danube, from there - through the Crimea and the North Caucasus - to Tiflis, where he spent a year working as a hammer hammer, then as a clerk in railway workshops, communicating with revolutionary figures and participating in illegal circles. At this time, he wrote his first story, “Makar Chudra,” published in a Tiflis newspaper, and the poem “The Girl and Death” (published in 1917).

In 1892, having returned to Nizhny Novgorod, he took up literary work, publishing in Volga newspapers. Stories from 1895 Gorky appear in metropolitan magazines, in the Samara Gazeta he became known as a feuilletonist, speaking under the pseudonym Yehudiel Khlamida. “Essays and Stories” was published in 1898 Gorky, which made him widely known in Russia. He works a lot, quickly growing into a great artist, an innovator, capable of leading. His romantic stories called for struggle and fostered heroic optimism ("Old Woman Izergil", "Song of the Falcon", "Song of the Petrel").

In 1899, the novel "Foma Gordeev" was published, which put forward Gorky among the world-class writers. In the fall of this year he came to St. Petersburg, where he met Mikhailovsky and Veresaev, Repin; later in Moscow - S.L. Tolstoy, L. Andreev, A. Chekhov, I. Bunin, A. Kuprin and other writers. He became close to revolutionary circles and was exiled to Arzamas for writing a proclamation calling for the overthrow of the tsarist government in connection with the dispersal of student demonstrations.

In 1901 - 1902 he wrote his first plays, “The Bourgeois” and “At the Lower Depths,” staged on the stage of the Moscow Art Theater. In 1904 - the plays "Summer Residents", "Children of the Sun", "Barbarians".

In the revolutionary events of 1905 Bitter took an active part, was imprisoned in the Peter and Paul Fortress for anti-tsarist proclamations. The protest of the Russian and world community forced the government to release the writer. For assistance with money and weapons during the Moscow December armed uprising Gorky threatened with reprisals from the official authorities, so it was decided to send him abroad. At the beginning of 1906 he arrived in America, where he stayed until the fall. The pamphlets “My Interviews” and the essays “In America” were written here.

Upon returning to Russia, he created the play “Enemies” and the novel “Mother” (1906). This year Bitter went to Italy, to Capri, where he lived until 1913, devoting all his energy to literary creativity. During these years, the plays “The Last” (1908), “Vassa Zheleznova” (1910), the stories “Summer”, “Okurov Town” (1909), and the novel “The Life of Matvey Kozhemyakin” (1910 - 11) were written.

Taking advantage of the amnesty, in 1913 the writer returned to St. Petersburg and collaborated with the Bolshevik newspapers Zvezda and Pravda. In 1915 he founded the magazine "Letopis", headed the literary department of the magazine, uniting around him such writers as Shishkov, Prishvin, Trenev, Gladkoe and others.

After the February Revolution, Maxim Gorky participated in the publication of the newspaper “New Life,” which was the organ of the Social Democrats, where he published articles under the general title “Untimely Thoughts.” He expressed concerns about the unpreparedness of the October Revolution, was afraid that “the dictatorship of the proletariat would lead to the death of politically educated Bolshevik workers...”, reflected on the role of the intelligentsia in saving the nation: “The Russian intelligentsia must again take upon itself the great work of spiritual healing of the people.”

Soon Bitter began to actively participate in the construction of a new culture: he helped organize the First Workers' and Peasants' University, the Bolshoi Drama Theater in St. Petersburg, and created the publishing house "World Literature". During the years of the civil war, famine and devastation, he showed concern for the Russian intelligentsia, and many scientists, writers and artists were saved by him from starvation.

In 1921 Bitter at Lenin’s insistence he went abroad for treatment (tuberculosis had returned). At first he lived in resorts in Germany and Czechoslovakia, then moved to Italy in Sorrento. He continues to work a lot: he finished the trilogy “My Universities” (“Childhood” and “In People” were published in 1913-16), wrote the novel “The Artamonov Case” (1925). He began work on the book “The Life of Klim Samgin,” which he continued to write until the end of his life. In 1931 Gorky returned to his homeland. In the 1930s, he again turned to drama: “Egor Bulychev and others” (1932), “Dostigaev and others” (1933).

Summing up my acquaintance and communication with the great people of my time. Bitter created literary portraits of L. Tolstoy, A. Chekhov, V. Korolenko, and the essay “V. I. Lenin” (new edition 1930). In 1934, through the efforts of M. Gorky, the 1st All-Union Congress of Soviet Writers was prepared and held. On June 18, 1936, M. Gorky died in Gorki and was buried on Red Square.

Novels

1899 - Foma Gordeev
1900-1901 - “Three
1906 - Mother (second edition - 1907)
1925 - Artamonov case
1925-1936- Life of Klim Samgin

Stories

1900 - Man. Essays
1908 - The life of an unnecessary person.
1908 - Confession
1909 - Summer
1909 - Okurov town,
1913-1914 - Childhood
1915-1916 - In people
1923 - My universities
1929 - At the End of the Earth

Stories, essays

1892 - The Girl and Death
1892 - Makar Chudra
1892 - Emelyan Pilyai
1892 - Grandfather Arkhip and Lenka
1895 - Chelkash, Old Woman Izergil, Song about the Falcon
1897 - Former people, Spouses Orlovs, Malva, Konovalov.
1898 - Essays and stories” (collection)
1899 - Twenty six and one
1901 - Song about the Petrel (prose poem)
1903 - Man (prose poem)
1906 - Comrade!
1908 - Soldiers
1911 - Tales of Italy
1912-1917 - Across Rus'" (cycle of stories)
1924 - Stories of 1922-1924
1924 - Notes from a diary (series of stories)

Plays

1901 - Bourgeois
1902 - At the bottom
1904 - Summer residents
1905 - Children of the Sun
1905 - Barbarians
1906 - Enemies
1908 - The Last
1910 - Oddballs
1910 - Children
1910 - Vassa Zheleznova
1913 - Zykovs
1913 - Counterfeit coin
1915 - Old Man
1930-1931 - Somov and others
1931 - Egor Bulychov and others
1932 - Dostigaev and others

Russian Soviet writer, playwright, publicist and public figure, founder of socialist realism.

Alexey Maksimovich Peshkov was born on March 16 (28), 1868 in the family of cabinetmaker Maxim Savvatyevich Peshkov (1839-1871). Orphaned early, the future writer spent his childhood in the house of his maternal grandfather Vasily Vasilyevich Kashirin (d. 1887).

In 1877-1879, A. M. Peshkov studied at the Nizhny Novgorod Slobodsky Kunavinsky Primary School. After the death of his mother and the ruin of his grandfather, he was forced to leave his studies and go “to the people.” In 1879-1884 he was a shoemaker's apprentice, then in a drawing workshop, and then in an icon painting studio. He served on a steamship sailing along the Volga.

In 1884, A. M. Peshkov made an attempt to enter Kazan University, which ended in failure due to lack of funds. He became close to the revolutionary underground, participated in illegal populist circles, and conducted propaganda among workers and peasants. At the same time, he was engaged in self-education. In December 1887, a streak of failures in life almost led the future writer to suicide.

A. M. Peshkov spent 1888-1891 traveling around in search of work and impressions. He traveled the Volga region, Don, Ukraine, Crimea, Southern Bessarabia, the Caucasus, managed to be a farm laborer in a village and a dishwasher, worked in fishing and salt fields, as a watchman on the railway and as a worker in repair shops. Clashes with the police earned him a reputation as "unreliable." At the same time, he managed to establish first contacts with the creative environment (in particular, with the writer V. G. Korolenko).

On September 12, 1892, the Tiflis newspaper "Caucasus" published A. M. Peshkov's story "Makar Chudra", signed with the pseudonym "Maxim Gorky".

The formation of A. M. Gorky as a writer took place with the active participation of V. G. Korolenko, who recommended the new author to the publishing house and edited his manuscript. In 1893-1895, a number of the writer’s stories were published in the Volga press - “Chelkash”, “Revenge”, “Old Woman Izergil”, “Emelyan Pilyai”, “Conclusion”, “Song of the Falcon”, etc.

In 1895-1896, A. M. Gorky was an employee of the Samara Newspaper, where he wrote feuilletons daily in the “By the way” section, signing the pseudonym “Yegudiel Chlamida.” In 1896 - 1897 he worked for the Nizhegorodsky Listok newspaper.

In 1898, the first collection of works by Maxim Gorky, “Essays and Stories,” was published in two volumes. It was recognized by critics as an event in Russian and European literature. In 1899, the writer began work on the novel Foma Gordeev.

A. M. Gorky quickly became one of the most popular Russian writers. He met ,. Neorealist writers began to rally around A. M. Gorky (, L. N. Andreev).

At the beginning of the twentieth century, A. M. Gorky turned to drama. In 1902, his plays “At the Lower Depths” and “The Bourgeois” were staged at the Moscow Art Theater. The performances were an exceptional success and were accompanied by anti-government protests from the public.

In 1902, A. M. Gorky was elected an honorary academician of the Imperial Academy of Sciences in the category of fine literature, but by personal order the election results were annulled. As a sign of protest, V. G. Korolenko also renounced their titles of honorary academicians.

A. M. Gorky was arrested more than once for social and political activities. The writer took an active part in the events of the Revolution of 1905-1907. For the proclamation of January 9 (22), 1905, calling for the overthrow of the autocracy, he was imprisoned in the Peter and Paul Fortress (released under pressure from the world community). In the summer of 1905, A. M. Gorky joined the RSDLP, and in November of the same year, at a meeting of the Central Committee of the RSDLP, he met. His novel “Mother” (1906) received great resonance, in which the writer depicted the process of the birth of a “new man” during the revolutionary struggle of the proletariat.

In 1906-1913 A. M. Gorky lived in exile. He spent most of his time on the Italian island of Capri. Here he wrote many works: the plays “The Last”, “Vassa Zheleznova”, the stories “Summer”, “Town of Okurov”, the novel “The Life of Matvey Kozhemyakin”. In April 1907, the writer was a delegate to the V (London) Congress of the RSDLP. A. M. Gorky visited Capri.

In 1913, A. M. Gorky returned to. In 1913-1915, he wrote the autobiographical novels “Childhood” and “In People”; since 1915, the writer published the journal “Chronicle”. During these years, the writer collaborated with the Bolshevik newspapers Zvezda and Pravda, as well as with the magazine Enlightenment.

A. M. Gorky welcomed the February and October revolutions of 1917. He began working at the publishing house “World Literature” and founded the newspaper “New Life”. However, his differences in views with the new government gradually grew. The journalistic cycle of A. M. Gorky “Untimely Thoughts” (1917-1918) caused sharp criticism.

In 1921, A. M. Gorky left Sovetskaya for treatment abroad. In 1921-1924 the writer lived in Germany and Czechoslovakia. His journalistic activities during these years were aimed at uniting Russian artists abroad. In 1923 he wrote the novel “My Universities”. Since 1924, the writer lived in Sorrento (Italy). In 1925, he began work on the epic novel “The Life of Klim Samgin,” which remained unfinished.

In 1928 and 1929, A. M. Gorky visited the USSR at the invitation of the Soviet government and in person. His impressions from trips around the country were reflected in the books “Around the Union of Soviets” (1929). In 1931, the writer finally returned to his homeland and launched extensive literary and social activities. On his initiative, literary magazines and book publishing houses were created, book series were published (“The Life of Remarkable People”, “The Poet’s Library”, etc.)

In 1934, A. M. Gorky acted as the organizer and chairman of the First All-Union Congress of Soviet Writers. In 1934-1936 he headed the Union of Writers of the USSR.

A. M. Gorky died on June 18, 1936 at his dacha in Pod (now in). The writer is buried in the Kremlin wall behind the Mausoleum on Red Square.

In the USSR, A. M. Gorky was considered the founder of the literature of socialist realism and the ancestor of Soviet literature.

1868 - Alexey Peshkov was born in Nizhny Novgorod in the family of a carpenter - Maxim Savvatyevich Peshkov.

1884 – tried to enter Kazan University. Gets acquainted with Marxist literature and propaganda work.

1888 – arrested for connections with N.E. Fedoseev’s circle. Is under constant police surveillance. In October he became a watchman at the Dobrinka station of the Gryaze-Tsaritsyn Railway. Impressions from his stay in Dobrinka will serve as the basis for the autobiographical story “The Watchman” and the story “Boredom for the Sake.”

1889 , January - at personal request (complaint in verse), transferred to Borisoglebsk station, then as a weighmaster to Krutaya station.

1891 , spring - went to wander around the country and reached the Caucasus.

1892 – first appeared in print with the story “Makar Chudra”. Returning to Nizhny Novgorod, he publishes reviews and feuilletons in Volzhsky Vestnik, Samara Gazeta, Nizhny Novgorod Listok, etc.

1897 – “Former People”, “The Orlov Spouses”, “Malva”, “Konovalov”.

1897, October - mid-January 1898 - lives in the village of Kamenka (now the city of Kuvshinovo, Tver region) in the apartment of his friend N.Z. Vasiliev, who worked at the Kamensk paper factory and led an illegal workers' Marxist circle. Life impressions of this period served as material for the novel “The Life of Klim Samgin.”

1898 – the publishing house of Dorovatsky and A.P. Charushnikov releases the first volume of Gorky’s works “Essays and Stories” in a circulation of 3,000 copies.

1899 - novel "Foma Gordeev".

1900–1901 – novel “Three”, personal acquaintance with Chekhov, Tolstoy.

1900–1913 – participates in the work of the publishing house "Znanie".

1901 , March - “Song of the Petrel” was created in Nizhny Novgorod. Participation in Marxist workers' circles in Nizhny Novgorod, Sormovo, St. Petersburg, wrote a proclamation calling for the fight against autocracy. Arrested and expelled from Nizhny Novgorod.
Turns to dramaturgy. Creates the play "The Bourgeois".

1902 - play "At the Bottom". Elected an honorary member of the Imperial Academy of Sciences. But before Gorky could exercise his new rights, his election was annulled by the government, since the writer “was under police surveillance.”

1904–1905 - plays "Summer Residents", "Children of the Sun", "Barbarians". Meeting Lenin. He was arrested for a revolutionary proclamation in connection with the execution on January 9, but then released under public pressure. Participant in the revolution 1905-1907
In the fall of 1905 he joined the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party.

1906 – travels abroad, creates satirical pamphlets about the “bourgeois” culture of France and the USA (“My Interviews”, “In America”).
The play "Enemies", the novel "Mother". Due to tuberculosis, Gorky settled in Italy on the island of Capri, where he lived for 7 years.

1907 - Delegate to the V Congress of the RSDLP.

1908 – play “The Last”, story “The Life of an Useless Person”.

1909 – stories “Town of Okurov”, “Life of Matvey Kozhemyakin”.

1913 - edits the Bolshevik newspapers "Zvezda" and "Pravda", the art department of the Bolshevik magazine "Prosveshchenie", publishes the first collection of proletarian writers. Writes "Tales of Italy".

1912–1916 - creates a series of stories and essays that make up the collection “Across Rus'”, autobiographical stories “Childhood”, “In People”. The last part of the trilogy “My Universities” was written in 1923.

1917–1919 – carries out extensive social and political work.

1921 – M. Gorky’s departure abroad.

1921–1923 – lives in Helsingfors, Berlin, Prague.

1924 – lives in Italy, in Sorrento. Published memoirs about Lenin.

1925 - the novel “The Artamonov Case”, begins to write the novel “The Life of Klim Samgin”, which was never finished.

1928 - at the invitation of the Soviet government, makes a trip around the country, during which Gorky is shown the achievements of the USSR, depicted by the writer in the series of essays “Around the Soviet Union”.

1931 – visits the Solovetsky Special Purpose Camp.

1932 - returns to the Soviet Union. Under the leadership of Gorky, many newspapers and magazines were created: the book series “History of Factories and Factories”, “History of the Civil War”, “Library of the Poet”, “History of a Young Man of the 19th Century”, and the magazine “Literary Studies”.
The play "Egor Bulychev and others."

1933 - play "Dostigaev and others".

1934 – Gorky holds the First All-Union Congress of Soviet Writers and makes the main report at it.