Griboedov, Woe from Wit. What are the moral and life ideals of Famus society? Chatsky’s life ideals in the comedy “Woe from Wit” by Griboyedov Image of Famusov life principles ideals morality

Which depicts the life of the country after the Patriotic War of 1812. This is life where two camps collide. The first camp is an advanced, Decembrist view, a new look at life and its foundations. The second camp is the nobility, or the past century, they are Famus society. It is precisely about the ideals of Famus society that we will talk about, having examined both their moral and life ideals.

To understand what the ideals are in Famusov’s society, to highlight their ideals and values, it is enough to get acquainted with Griboyedov’s work. In it, the author, depicting the past century, creates images of noble nobles of Moscow who call themselves aces, they are also representatives of Famus society.

Life ideals of Famus society

Who is the person from this circle and what are their life ideals? Here we see only the rich, noble nobles, so to speak, the elite of the capital. They all come from noble families, and the ideals of these people are simple and clear.

For these people, only money is important, with the help of which they can get ranks and orders. These are people who are not famous for their services to the Fatherland, for them civic duty means nothing, the main thing is that the groom has a fatter wallet and then he will be a respected person. Famusov, talking about the ideals of a person, says this: be inferior, but if there are two thousand family souls, he is the groom. So, Skalozub was a good candidate for a groom, because he aims to be a general, and besides, he also has a gold bag. But if there is no money, if a person is poor, then Famus society will treat him with contempt. There is no need to talk about serfs at all, because they are not considered people at all, calling them blockheads and crowbars. Again, for the elite to respect you, you need wealth. For example, Tatyana Yuryevna is respected because she throws rich balls.

Moral ideals of Famus society

If we talk about moral ideals and views in Famusov’s society, then for Famusov his uncle is the ideal, whom he sets as an example to everyone. His uncle served under Catherine, but he received his place at court not with the help of any talents or merits. He simply sacrificed the back of his head, his neck simply bent often in bows. What’s worst is that many representatives of this environment also receive honor and wealth. The same Skolozub is no better. According to his story, in 1813 he simply sat in hiding, and after such an outstanding feat he received a medal, and now he is awaiting the rank of general.

The ideal of Famus society is definitely not enlightenment, because enlightenment and teaching are like a plague for them. People who are engaged in science and creativity are useless people for society. Famusov believes that education only harms, so he would simply burn all the books. And they themselves don’t even read newspapers.

Famus’ circle is also false patriots. They only talk about patriotism, but they themselves do nothing for the country. Although there are ranks, they are not earned in the performance of military or civil duty. Foreign words are constantly heard in their conversation, they listen to French romances, they follow French fashion.

The comedy "Woe from Wit" was enthusiastically received by revolutionary-minded nobles. It reflected the life of Russia, the spirit of the era, exposed the state of Russian society. Griboyedov’s comedy was based on the clash of views of the Decembrists with the reactionary mass of the nobility. In his work, Griboyedov raised a number of the most important problems: the problem of serfdom and the relationship between noble landowners and the serf peasantry, the problem of public service, education and culture, false and true patriotism. 5ga problematics gave the comedy an acute political character.

“A crowd of freaks of society, each of whom has caricatured some opinion, rule, thought, perverting their legitimate meaning in his own way...” (Gogol).

Griboyedov, a realist, brought onto the stage a whole crowd of inhabitants of noble Moscow. These are the “aces,” as they proudly call themselves, rich and noble nobles. They are famous not only for their merits in the official field, not for their excellent performance of civic duty, not for orders and wounds received on the battlefields. No! We know that a certain Tatyana Yuryevna is respected here because she

The balls he gives couldn't be richer
From Christmas to Lent
And in the summer there are holidays at the dacha.

Drawing to himself the ideals of a person from whom one should learn to live, Famusov says:

It's not on silver
I ate on gold, a hundred people at my service,
All in medals, he always traveled in a train.
Wealth is the main thing for them
Be bad, but if you get enough
Souls of a thousand and two generations
He's the groom.

They treated people poorer than themselves with contempt. They can “allow” a poor man to come to them if they need him, but they will never miss an opportunity to arrogantly reproach him:

“I warmed up Bezrodny and brought him into my family.
Gave him the rank of assessor and took him to secretary
Transferred to Moscow through my assistance,
And if it weren’t for me, you would be smoking in Tver” -

reminds Famusov of Molchalin.

The Moscow nobility is a circle of closely related acquaintances. Connections help them get things done, get new ranks and positions. Here they help out, but only a “relative”; here they go to visit Tatyana Yuryevna, but more because

Officials and officials -
All her friends and all her relatives.

They are promoted here only in order to

And take the award and have fun.

With delight, Famusov tells young people about the nobleman Maxim Petrovich, who served under Catherine. This is the ideal of the entire noble society. Maxim Petrovich, seeking a place at court, did not show any business merits or talents, but only, as Chatsky wittily notes, “bravely sacrificed the back of his head,” that is, he fell to please the empress, and became famous for the fact that his neck often “bent” in bows.

And many visitors to Famusov’s house create honor and wealth for themselves in the same way as this old nobleman.

“Whoever needs it, then arrogance in the dust,
And for those who are higher, flattery was woven like lace.”

For example, Repetilov, in order to take his place in society, also used workarounds:

“Baron von Clas was aiming for minister,
And I -
I went straight to him as a son-in-law.”

And Skalozub? From his story we learn that in August 1813 he “sat down in a trench,” i.e. Apparently, he was holed up in a shelter. After such a “brilliant” military feat, Skalozub not only received an order “on his neck”, but is about to be promoted to general. And here he hopes not for his own merits, but for completely different reasons:

“Vacancies are just open,
Then the elders will turn off others,
The others, you look, are interrupted.”

The Moscow higher nobility lives a monotonous and uninteresting life. Let's go to Famusov's house. Guests gather here every day. What are they doing? Dinner, playing cards, talking about money and clothes, gossip. Here everyone knows about others: they envy their successes and gloatingly celebrate their failures. Chatsky has not yet appeared, and here they are already slandering his failures in the service. Princess Tugoukhovskaya is jealous of Princess Khryumina, and Countess Khryumina is “angry with the whole world.” Khlesgova starts a quarrel with Famusov and Skalozub.

With what pleasure did these bored gossips seize on Sophia's invention about Chatsky's madness. The rumor instantly spreads through the rooms, the gossip is picked up and inflated by people who don’t even know, who haven’t seen Chatsky.

These are their petty thoughts and ridiculous inventions. It turns out he went crazy because

I followed my mother, Anna Alekseevna,
The deceased woman went crazy 8 times.

He allegedly drank champagne in “glasses,” “bottles,” and large ones, and “forties barrels.” And what knowledge of other people’s affairs these bored loafers show! The lively conversation turns into an argument - but about what? Yes, of course, about Chatsky’s wealth. How many serf souls does he have? The enraged Khlestova rumbles out:

“No, three hundred - I don’t know other people’s estates!”

Is there any other information in their heads other than other people's wealth? No, none of them read newspapers, and if they come across a printed word, then how many evil thoughts will it evoke!

Enlightenment for them is a plague, a danger that threatens the usual way of life. Famusov speaks with hatred:

“Learning is the plague, learning is the reason,
What is worse now than then,
There are crazy people, deeds and opinions,” -

and ends his thought with a categorical demand:

"...No! if you don’t stop:
We would like to collect all the books and burn them!”

Moscow nobles are arrogant and arrogant. He looks down on people poorer than himself. But contempt is especially heard in remarks addressed to the serfs. They are “filks”, “crowbars”, “churbans”, “lazy grouse”. One conversation with them

“Get to work! You’re welcome!”

The nobles do not see people like themselves in their servants. This is especially true for people of a different race. Talking about her purchase, Khlesgova forgets that she bought not an animal, but a person:

“What kind of arapka do I have for services:
Curly! The hump of the shoulder blade!
Angry! All cat tricks!
After all, God created such a tribe!
Damn it."

And in the monologue “Who are the judges?” Chatsky indignantly tells how the nobles, “overflowing in feasts and extravagance,” control the lives of their serfs. Here is a portrait of a serf owner:

“That Nestor of noble scoundrels,
Surrounded by a crowd of servants
Zealous, they are in the hours of wine and fights
And honor and life saved him, suddenly
He exchanged three greyhounds for them!!!”

Moscow nobles boast of their patriotism, their love for their hometown, for their country, Famusov enthusiastically tells Skalozub about the “special imprint on all Moscow people.” But we notice that there is little Russian, simple and natural in them. On the contrary, everything about them, starting from their semi-Russian language, outfits “with taffeta, marigold and haze” and their attitude towards their people, is deeply alien to the Russians. Girls sing French romances, read French books, Russian names with a foreign twist in Moscow.

“The door is open for the invited and the uninvited,
Especially from foreign ones.”

In close formation, the Famusites oppose everything new and advanced. Skalozub talks with irritation about his cousin, who

“I’ve firmly picked up some new rules,
The rank followed him, he suddenly left the service,
I started reading books in the village.”

This behavior is “not correct” according to Famusov and Skalozub. They themselves can be liberal, but they are afraid of fundamental changes:

“It’s not that new things were introduced - never,
God save us! No".

And when Chatsky dared to “openly” announce five or six “sound” thoughts, how frightened the old master Famusov was! He called Chatsky a “dangerous person” and his thoughts “delusional ideas.” For him, brought up in the spirit of the Maksimov Petrovichs in the past 18th century, the 19th century seems to be a dangerous time. In every person similar to him, Famusov sees a “carbonara”, a “pharmazon”, a “Voltairian”.

There are many members of the Famus society, each of them has their own personal traits, but they are all united in one camp by the ideals “And take awards and live happily,” “And a golden bag and aspires to be a general!”, conservatism, inertia, fear of the new, fear in front of leading people.

Ideals and views of Chatsky (Griboyedov)

The action of A. S. Griboyedov’s comedy “Woe from Wit” takes place in those years when the split in the noble environment became more and more obvious. It was the beginning of the 20s of the XIX century.

The influence of the ideas of French enlighteners, the growth of Russian national consciousness after the War of 1812 and foreign campaigns united many young nobles in their desire to change society.

But most of the Russian nobility remained deaf or hostile to new trends. It was this situation, this conflict that Griboyedov captured in his work.

note

The main conflict of comedy is the conflict of two worldviews, the clash of the “present century” with the “past century.”

There is also a second conflict in the comedy - love (there is even a classic love triangle: Chatsky - Sophia - Molcha-lin), but it is not the main one, although both conflicts are closely intertwined and complement each other, both of them find their resolution at the end of the play.

The bearer of new, progressive ideas is Alexander Chatsky, his ideological opponent in comedy is the entire Famus society. Why was their collision inevitable? Because Chatsky's ideals and views did not and could not coincide with the views and ideals of Famusov.

First of all, they have different views on service. If for Famusov service is only a source of rank and wealth, then for Chatsky it is the civic duty of every young nobleman. Chatsky is ready to serve, but “to a cause, not to persons,” to the Fatherland, and not to a higher official.

He tried to serve, he even knew the ministers, but then he retired and broke off his previous acquaintances, as he was convinced that it was impossible to serve honestly without being served at that time. Chatsky responds to Famusov’s advice to “go serve”: “I would be glad to serve, it’s sickening to be served.”

In the monologue “And indeed, the world has begun to grow stupid,” he speaks indignantly about those officials who “not in war, but in peace, took it head on, hit the floor without regret!” Chatsky calls the past century very precisely: “The century of obedience and fear was direct.”

But for Famusov it was a “golden” age; It’s not for nothing that he sets Chatsky’s uncle Maxim Petrovich as an example, who, having stumbled at the reception, managed to make the queen laugh and win her favor.

For Skalozub and Molchalin, career is the most important thing in life, and they are ready to achieve ranks by any means, even humiliation and flattery. Skalozub’s dream is “if only I could become a general.”

Alexander Andreevich appears in the comedy as a fierce opponent of serfdom. And this is understandable: he expresses the views on the social structure of Russia not only of the author himself, but also of many of his Decembrist friends, who believed that an educated, enlightened person should not rule over other people.

Chatsky speaks with anger about a certain serf owner, “Nestor of the noble scoundrels,” who exchanged his faithful servants, who more than once saved his life and honor “in hours of wine and fights,” for “three greyhounds.”

Chatsky in the monologue “Who are the judges?” denounces those “fatherland of fathers” who, “rich in robbery,” “found protection from court in friends, in kinship, built magnificent chambers where they indulge in feasts and extravagance,” exposes “the meanest traits of their past lives.” Myself
Chatsky treats the people with great respect, he calls them “our smart, cheerful people.”

It is impossible to imagine Chatsky in the role of a serf owner; it is not for nothing that Famusov advises him not to manage the “estate by mistake.” Chatsky values ​​a person by his intelligence, education, and not by the number of serf souls or rank. Therefore, for him, a certain Foma Fomich, a famous and important official, is just “the most empty person, the most stupid.”

Chatsky stands up for personal freedom, for the right of a person to decide his own destiny: to serve or not to serve, to engage in science or art, to live in a village or in a city. Chatsky is a supporter of enlightenment, education, and all these Chatsky's views cause horror of rejection among his ideological opponents.

Chatsky's ideals and views- This Ideals and views true patriot; he speaks sarcastically about a certain Frenchman from Bordeaux, who, at an evening in Famusov’s house, told the assembled guests “how he prepared for the journey to Russia, to the barbarians, with fear and tears,” but when he arrived, “he found that there was no end to the caresses, no I didn’t meet a Russian sound or a Russian face...” This Frenchman felt like a “little king,” and Chatsky yearns with all his soul,

So that the unclean Lord destroys this spirit
Empty, slavish, blind imitation...

In the comedy, Chatsky is tragically alone, he has no supporters among the main characters, but there are two off-stage characters whom we can classify as supporters of the protagonist.

This is, first of all, Skalozub’s cousin, who unexpectedly retired and “began reading books in the village,” and Princess Tugoukhovskaya’s nephew, about whom she indignantly says: “The official doesn’t want to know! He is a chemist, he is a botanist, Prince Fyodor, my nephew.”

In a clash with Famus society, Chatsky is defeated. This defeat was inevitable, since there were still too few Chatskys in society. As I. A. Goncharov wrote in the critical sketch “A Million Torments”: “Chatsky was broken by the amount of old strength, having dealt it in turn a fatal blow with the quality of fresh strength.”

But Goncharov called people like Chatsky “advanced warriors, skirmishers” who are the first to enter battle and almost always die.

But thoughts, ideas, Chatsky's ideals and views did not go to waste, such Chatskys will come out to Senate Square on December 14, 1825, where they will collide with the world of the Famusovs, silent-liners and rock-toothed people.

Griboedov, Woe from Wit. What are the moral and life ideals of Famus society?

Woe from Wit is the famous work of Griboyedov, which depicts the life of the country after the Patriotic War of 1812. This is life where two camps collide.

The first camp is an advanced, Decembrist view, a new look at life, at its foundations. The second camp is the nobility, or the past century, they are Famus society.

It is precisely about the ideals of Famus society that we will talk about in the essay, considering both their moral and life ideals.

To understand what the ideals are in Famusov’s society, to highlight their ideals and values, it is enough to get acquainted with Griboyedov’s work. In it, the author, depicting the past century, creates images of noble nobles of Moscow who call themselves aces, they are also representatives of Famus society.

Life ideals of Famus society

Who is the person from this circle and what are their life ideals? Here we see only the rich, noble nobles, so to speak, the elite of the capital. They all come from noble families, and the ideals of these people are simple and clear.

For these people, only money is important, with the help of which they can get ranks and orders. These are people who are not famous for their services to the Fatherland, for them civic duty means nothing, the main thing is that the groom has a fatter wallet and then he will be a respected person.

Famusov, talking about the ideals of a person, says this: be inferior, but if there are two thousand family souls, he is the groom. So, Skalozub was a good candidate for a groom, because he aims to be a general, and besides, he also has a gold bag.

note

But if there is no money, if a person is poor, then Famus society will treat him with contempt. There is no need to talk about serfs at all, because they are not considered people at all, calling them blockheads and crowbars. Again, for the elite to respect you, you need wealth.

For example, Tatyana Yuryevna is respected because she throws rich balls.

Moral ideals of Famus society

If we talk about moral ideals and views in Famusov’s society, then for Famusov his uncle is the ideal, whom he sets as an example to everyone. His uncle served under Catherine, but he received his place at court not with the help of any talents or merits.

He simply sacrificed the back of his head, his neck simply bent often in bows. What’s worst is that many representatives of this environment also receive honor and wealth. The same Skolozub is no better.

According to his story, in 1813 he simply sat in hiding, and after such an outstanding feat he received a medal, and now he is awaiting the rank of general.

The ideal of Famus society is definitely not enlightenment, because enlightenment and teaching are like a plague for them. People who are engaged in science and creativity are useless people for society. Famusov believes that education only harms, so he would simply burn all the books. And they themselves don’t even read newspapers.

Famus' circle is also false patriots. They only talk about patriotism, but they themselves do nothing for the country. Although there are ranks, they are not earned in the performance of military or civil duty. Foreign words are constantly heard in their conversation, they listen to French romances, they follow French fashion.

So what characterizes Famus society? And here we can summarize. Famus society is characterized by fear of the new, fear of progress, and the ideal is ignorance and conservatism. So they live by the principle: take rewards and have fun.

Ideals of Chatsky (based on the comedy “Woe from Wit”)

Works › Griboyedov A.S. › Woe from mind

Ready Homework

In my comedy there are 25 fools for every sane person. And this man, of course, is in contradiction with the society around him, no one understands, no one wants to forgive, why he is a little higher than others.

A. S. Griboyedov

A.S. Griboyedov brought onto the stage two camps opposing each other - the camp of young Russia and the camp of the serf-owners. Their struggle was a phenomenon of Russian life in the tenths and twenties of the 19th century.

At this time, noble revolutionaries stood out from the general mass of the nobility - supporters of the fight against everything that had become obsolete in the social and political system, supporters of the fight for the new to move the country forward.

The comedy "Woe from Wit" reflects the brewing split in noble society. The change from one century to another, the end of the War of 1812, required landowners to reassess values ​​and change their outlook on public life. In this regard, nobles appear who want to improve the position of Russia by increasing the value of the human personality and civic consciousness. The struggle between two groups of nobles is designated in the play as a clash of the “present century” with the “past century.” In the comedy "Woe from Wit" Chatsky and Famusov are the main opponents.

The Problem of the Mind in Comedy

A.S. Griboedov wrote about his work: “In my comedy there are 25 fools for one sane person.” By “sensible person” Griboyedov means the main character of the comedy - Alexander Andreevich Chatsky. But in the process of analyzing the work, it becomes clear that Famusov cannot be called a fool. Since Griboedov put his own thoughts and ideals into the image of Chatsky, the author finds himself completely on the side of the protagonist. However, both Chatsky and Famusov have their own truth, which each of the heroes defends. And each of them has their own mind, it’s just that Chatsky’s mind and Famusov’s mind differ in quality.

The mind of a nobleman, adhering to conservative views and ideals, is aimed at protecting his comfort, his warm place from everything new. The new is hostile to the old way of life of the feudal landowners, because it threatens its existence. Famusov adheres to these views.

Chatsky, on the other hand, is the owner of an effective, flexible mind, aimed at building a new world in which the main values ​​will be the honor and dignity of a person, his personality, and not money and position in society.

Values ​​and ideals of Chatsky and Famusov

The views of Chatsky and Famusov differ sharply on all issues related to the nobleman’s way of life. Chatsky is a supporter of education, enlightenment, he himself is “sharp, smart, eloquent,” “writes and translates well.” Famusov and his society, on the contrary, consider excessive “learning” harmful to society and are very afraid of the appearance of people like Chatsky in their midst. The Chatskys threaten Famusov’s Moscow with the loss of its usual comfort and the opportunity to spend life “in feasts and in extravagance.”

The dispute between Chatsky and Famusov also flares up around the attitude of the nobles to the service. Chatsky “does not serve, that is, he does not find any benefit in that.” The main character of the comedy explains it this way: “I would be glad to serve, but being served is sickening.” But conservative noble society is structured in such a way that without “serving” it is impossible to achieve anything. Chatsky wants to serve “the cause, not individuals.”

But Famusov and his supporters have a completely different view on the issue of service.

Famusov’s ideal is his late uncle Maxim Petrovich. He earned the respect of the empress herself because he once behaved like a buffoon at a reception. Having stumbled and fallen, he decided to turn this awkward situation to his advantage: he fell several more times on purpose to make the audience and Empress Catherine laugh. This ability to “curse the favor” brought Maxim Petrovich enormous wealth and weight in society.

Chatsky does not accept such ideals; for him this is humiliation. He calls this time an age of “submission and fear” that clamps down on human freedom. The hero’s comparison of the “present century” and the “past century” does not turn out to be in favor of the latter, because now “everyone breathes more freely and is in no hurry to fit into the regiment of jesters.”

Family values ​​of Chatsky and Famusov

The clash between Famusov and Chatsky also occurs over the divergence of their views on family values. Famusov believes that when creating a family, the presence of love is not at all important. “Whoever is poor is not a match for you,” he tells his daughter. Both in society and in the family, money is at the forefront. Wealth for Famus society is the same as happiness. Personal qualities do not matter either in the world or in the family: “Be bad, but if there are two thousand family souls, that’s the groom.”

Chatsky is a supporter of living feelings, which is why he is terrible for Famusov’s Moscow. This hero puts love above money, education above position in society. Therefore, the conflict between Chatsky and Famusov flares up.

conclusions

A comparative description of Chatsky and Famusov reveals all the meanness and immorality of Famusov and his supporters. But Chatsky’s time in the society described in the comedy “Woe from Wit” has not yet come. The main character is expelled from this environment, declaring him crazy. Chatsky is forced to retreat due to the numerical superiority of the “past century.” But he leaves Moscow not a loser, but a winner. Secular Moscow was frightened by his speeches. His truth is scary for them, it threatens their personal comfort. His truth will prevail, so the replacement of the old with the new is historically natural.

The clash between Famusov and Chatsky is a dispute between two generations, two different worlds. The arguments and causes of the conflict described in this article can be used by 9th grade students when writing an essay on the topic “Characterization of Chatsky and Famusov in the comedy “Woe from Wit””

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