Art materials drawing are the basis of fine art. Introduction to the topic

Lesson No. 2 Grade: 6 Date: __________________________Subject: Drawing is the basis of visual creativity.Goals: introduce students to the concept of “drawing”, its types, techniques for working on a drawing, talk about a sketch, its meaning for an artist, and develop creative abilities in students. Materials: sketches of painting masters, educational drawing, fresh autumn leaves (photos of leaves), paper, pencils, black penDuring the classes. 1.ORGANIZATIONAL MOMENT. Greeting, checking students' readiness for the lesson2. TEACHER'S CONVERSATION. 1.Introduction to the topic Drawing is any image made by hand using graphic means - a contour line, a stroke, a spot. Using various combinations of these means (combinations of strokes, spots, lines, etc.) plastic modeling, tonal and light-and-shadow effects are achieved in the drawing. It is usually done in one color or using different colors that combine with each other to a limited extent. And today we will begin to comprehend the technique of creating it.“Drawing is the highest honesty of art. Drawing does not mean just tracing contours. Drawing is also expressiveness, internal form, plan, modeling. You have to draw constantly, draw with your eyes when you can’t draw with a pencil. "(Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres)Drawing is the basis of an artist's skill. It is equally necessary for the artist, the sculptor, and the architect. Drawing is used not only in the creative process, but also during learning.-In the last lesson we talked about different types of art materials. Remember what applies to graphic materials? (pencil, charcoal, pen, feather)Artistic drawings are graphic works. At the beginning of his work, the artist first of all makes a sketch of the drawing.Sketch is a drawing made without much time. Through a sketch, the master embodies his main idea. It's a bit like a photograph taken while running. Or in other words - a project, a sketch of future work. But great artists make such sketches so beautiful that they are perceived as separate works of art.2 Types of drawing The drawing can be long, studying, detailed, made from life to consolidate certain skills. In this case it is calledsketch. The sketch performs an auxiliary function. Artists often make sketches of objects they like. Exists technical drawing , it is used to explain the operation of a device. In order to master the rules of depiction, literacy in figurative language, they createeducational drawing . But it has a special placecreative drawing . With its help, the author expresses his basic attitude towards the subject of interest to him.3. History of the drawing. It is believed that the first drawing rules were established by the Egyptians. There were two directions in teaching drawing. The first was based on the rule of free movement of the hand in order to make it easier for a person to draw the main contour lines with a brush. According to the second direction, the student had to have a steady hand in order to more confidently scratch the outline of the fresco design on the wall.Ancient Greek artists primarily studied the human body. The ancient Greeks saw the beauty of the earth in a harmonious order. Symmetry, harmony of parts and the whole. The artists of Ancient Greece depicted the world as accurately as possible, so the basis of their work was drawing from life. In the Roman Empire, drawing had an applied nature. The Romans in their creativity mainly imitated the Greeks, copying their work samples. In the Middle Ages, drawing rather reflected the emotional state than the accuracy of what was depicted.The main technical techniques of drawing developed during the Renaissance in Italy. To complete the drawing, silver, lead and other metal leads, sanguine, pencil, charcoal, ink, ink, watercolor, and white were used. The drawing was done with goose and reed feathers, brushes on paper (colored or white). The Renaissance had a huge influence on subsequent generations of great creators. The artists of that time developed a linear style of drawing, created in haste only with the help of lines (Florentine and Roman schools: Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, A. Metenier). Venetian artists painted in a freer manner - Titian, Tintoretto and others used a light painterly stroke and spot.Many masters used a pen in their work. It served as a drawing tool for Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Titian, I. Repin, V. Serov, M. Vrubel and others. Drawings were usually done in ink, ink, and sepia on smooth, thick paper. Drawing with a pen required extreme precision and confidence from the artist, since it was extremely difficult to make corrections to it.4.Russian school of drawing. Russian school 18-19 centuries. contributed a lot to the development of drawing techniques. Masters of drawing were O. Kiprensky, K. Bryullov and other students of the Academy of Arts. Their works are done on slightly yellow or blue paper. (demonstration of works). In their works they used sanguine, charcoal, pastel, chalk, and graphite pencil.Drawings by such masters as I. Repin, A. Losenko, A.A. Ivanov, are the best examples of various methods of using materials. The great painter A.A. Ivanov enriched the possibilities of watercolor. He did the work on paper of a pleasant warm tone using white. The most famous work is “The Appearance of Christ to the People.” Russian artists of the second half of the 19th century developed and widely used the sauce technique in their art (sauce is similar to black or colored ink, gives a velvety tone and spreads easily on paper). N. Kramskoy “inconsolable grief”, V. Serov “Portrait of O.K. Orlova”.In the 20th century, artists continued to develop the traditions of the Russian school. Much has been created in the field of free, expressive, unconventional avant-garde drawing.3.CREATIVE TASK. Today in class we will learn to make sketches from life and from memory, or the representation of individual herbaceous plants, leaves or twigs.. Try to most truthfully reproduce the object on paper, creating your own artistic image. We carry out the work using a simple pencil or black pen.4. SUMMARY OF THE LESSON. (Students show their work)-Let's remember what a drawing is?-What types of drawings do you know?-What are artistic drawings?-What is a sketch?

Drawing is the basis of fine art

Leonardo da Vinci

Drawing- the fundamental principle of all fine arts. Mastery of drawing is necessary for all artists, regardless of specialty. Types of drawing.

Sketch from life (the main thing is not the details, but the essential, characteristic).

Sketch (small, cursory, quick recording of observations).

(preparatory sketch for a major work in which the artist is looking for a future composition

Deineka. Sketch for the painting

"Defense of Sevastopol"

Etude(I study and observe from nature, develop details for a future work)

Preparatory drawings by Michelangelo Buonarroti for painting the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel (1508-1512)

"Libyan Sibyl"

Training drawing(goal - mastering the rules of depiction, literacy in figurative language)

Technical drawing(a visual three-dimensional image of an object, made by hand, indicating the dimensions and material)

Drawing is based on expressive possibilities lines, strokes, spots. An example is the drawings of V. Vatagin.

Line - This is the main expressive means of drawing. Her emotional palette is varied: she can be subtle, refined and tough, prickly, angular, she can be decisive, bold, impetuous and insecure, timid.

V. Yankilevsky. Sketch. Pencil

V. Crooked. Sketch of a dancing ballerina. Pencil

Means of artistic expression in drawing

Hatch - this is a short trace of a pen or pencil, the simplest element of drawing technique. Using strokes of different direction and character, the volumetric-plastic and spatial properties of objects and their texture are conveyed. Using a system of strokes you can create expressive effects of dynamics, light and shadow.

J. Sera. Seated woman with an umbrella. Pencil

W. van Togh. Rock. Pencil, pen, brush, black ink

Means of artistic expression in drawing

If the contour of a linear drawing is filled from the inside with an even color, you get a silhouette - spot. Silhouette - a flat spot of color on a darker or lighter background. The expressiveness of the silhouette depends on the shape, position and lighting of figures and objects. A spot with apparent non-plasticity can reveal an infinite variety of states. With its help, you can express not only the form, but also the character of the model and the plot situation.

V. Lebedev. Sailor and girl. Pencil, brush, ink

V. Stekolshchikov. On the boulevard. Sketch

Exercise:

Exercise: sketch herbaceous plants

A sketch is a work of graphics, painting or sculpture of small size, fluently and quickly executed. The main purpose of a sketch is to quickly record individual observations and ideas in the process of the artist’s current work. The sketch can be done from life, from memory or imagination.

A sketch from life is a short-term drawing. His task is not to quickly draw nature in all its details, but to be able to take from nature the most essential, the most characteristic, which in turn makes it easier to remember and restore what he saw.

Sketch - in the fine arts, a preparatory sketch for a larger work. The execution of a significant painting or sculpture is preceded by a series of sketches and studies in which the artist develops the general structure of the future work and searches for appropriate artistic means. The sketch gives a general idea of ​​the work for which it is being performed.

It is necessary, first of all, to bring all the details to the simplest and most characteristic form. It is important to compositionally place the generalized shape of the object being drawn on the sheet. To do this, you first need to lightly touch the pencil to outline the boundaries of the future drawing, determining its height and width, as well as the relative position of individual objects. When the nature is located and its outlines are outlined, then the main parts of the object that reveal the form should be found and placed. You need to focus on the entire depicted form as a whole. When the intended forms have been clarified and individual parts and small details have been identified, it is necessary to emphasize the characteristic features in the drawing to give it expressiveness. Sequence of work on the drawing.

Lesson topic: “Drawing is the basis of fine art.”

The purpose of the lesson: teach how to sketch a herbaceous plant from life.

Tasks:

Educational:

1. To introduce students to the creative tasks of drawing, its types, materials for making drawings, and techniques for working on it.

2. learn how to draw with a pencil from life.

3.develop skills in mastering drawing techniques.

4.learn to compare objects with geometric figures of rectangular, triangular, trapezoidal shape.

Educational:

1.develop hand motor skills.

2.correct and develop spatial orientation on the sheet.

3. develop mental operations when analyzing objects.

4. develop speech and enrich vocabulary.

5. improve performance.

Educational:

1. cultivate cognitive interest in objects and phenomena of the surrounding world.

2. to cultivate a positive attitude towards fine arts lessons and towards visual arts in general.

3. develop an evaluative attitude towards your own drawings and the drawings of your comrades.

4.instill accuracy when drawing.

Methods:

Verbal - conversation, story, explanation

Visual and illustrative.

Lesson type: practical, combined.

Equipment: diagram of types of drawings,

samples of herbaceous plants,

diagram of the structure of herbaceous plants,

children's work,

posters depicting drawing materials.

During the classes.

Greetings.

1. Organizing time.

As a rule, such children are often excited.To set them up for work, I turn on calm music (A. Glazunov “Forest”) for 2-3 minutes. and we start the lesson.

Epigraph: “O inspiration of birth!

It was given to me to get to know him,

A vision appears to me..."

M. Svetlov

1. Lesson topic message.

Drawing is the most important means of studying and displaying reality. Mastery of drawing is necessary for artists of all specialties: sculptors, painters, architects, decorators, designers. It is necessary for an engineer, a geographer, and many others.

Today in the lesson you will begin to comprehend the technique of drawing.

1. Learning new material.

(Story, writing the diagram on the board and demonstrating visual aids).

1. Reporting theoretical information about the drawing(types of drawing).

The artist captures his first ideas in quick and rough drawings – sketches.

Sketch is a work of graphics, painting or sculpture of small size, fluently and quickly executed. The sketch can be done either from life or from memory. A good example is the work of F.A. Malyavin “Sketch. Pencil.” There is also a display of children’s work. Comment.

Then the artist makes a sketch from life.

Sketch from life– short-term drawing. His task is to take the most important, characteristic things from nature, which makes it easier to remember and restore what he saw. Display of drawings by M.A. Vrubel “The Galloping Horseman”, commentary, comparison with the work of F.A. Malyavin.

Then the artist accumulates the necessary observations in drawings - sketches.

Etude - performed from life. In sketches, artists develop the details of the planned work. Display of students' and children's works of loved ones on assignment.

And finally, the artist looks for the future composition of the work in a drawing - a sketch.

Sketch – a preparatory drawing for a larger work. Show sketches by V.M. Vasnetsov “The Knight at the Crossroads” Commentary.

How is a sketch different from a sketch?

1. Familiarization with materials and techniques for working with drawings.

For drawing, artists use tools such as:

1. pencil;
2. rubber.

They hold the pencil in a special way when drawing, not like when writing.(Demonstrate how to hold a pencil correctly when drawing).

Graphite pencils are produced in a wide range of different degrees of hardness. Harder ones are designated by the letter T, softer - M, medium - TM.

(Demonstration of pencils and testing their hardness and softness on a sheet of paper).

Softer pencils are suitable for drawing as they can produce lines of varying thickness.

(Show lines on a piece of paper from light to almost black).

You should also have a good soft elastic band.

Physical education minute.

1. I. p. - standing, arms down along the body. On the count of “one” - rise on your toes, raise your arms up and stretch, on the count of “two” - return to the starting point. positive

2 . I. p. - standing legs apart. The torso is slightly tilted forward, relaxed arms are lowered down. Swaying from side to side with relaxed arms and torso.

3. The following exercise is necessary to train the eye muscles. Slowly move your gaze from right to left and back.

Perform all exercises 8-10 times.

3. Practical work.

Explanation of the task.

Today in the lesson we will make a sketch from life of individual herbaceous plants.

First we'll play a game.

I know five names of wildflowers

I know five names of herbs

(children name the names of herbs and flowers)

Reception of correlation.

(The child must imagine himself as some kind of plant and answer the teacher’s questions): “What are you like?”

• Large or small?
• Are the leaves narrow or wide?
• Flexible or prickly?
• High or low?

Now let's look at the branches of trees and herbaceous plants that I brought to the lesson.

Showing plants.

So, looking at nature, and these are tree branches and herbaceous plants (umbrellas and spikelets), you should note everything at once:

1. Proportions
2. Forms
3. Color
4. Lighting

But just as it is impossible to draw an object immediately as you see it, it is necessary first of all to bring all the details to the simplest and most characteristic form. Let's try to divide the stems and leaves into groups.

Thin and thick Straight and curved

Long and short Smooth and prickly

Large and small Various shapes

Carved and plain Flat and wrapped

Also, everyone should note - what is the overall geometric shape of herbaceous plants?

Circle – square –

rectangle: vertical – horizontal –

trapezoid - or

Give students herbaceous plants and ask them to write a verbal description of their plant. Answer the following questions:

1. What does the plant consist of?
2. What stem?
3. What leaves?
4. What geometric shape does the plant have as a whole?
5. What characteristic features do you see in nature that will give the drawing special expressiveness?

Task algorithm.

When starting work, you must not only fit, but also beautifully place the generalized shape of the object being drawn on the sheet of paper. (Showing children's works with a correctly placed composition and an incorrect one).

1. To do this, first lightly touch the pencil to outline the boundaries of the future drawing, determining its height and width, as well as the relative position of individual objects.
2. When the nature is located and its outlines are outlined, then you should find and stir the main parts of the object that reveal the shape (stems, leaves).

• While working, you should not focus your attention on the tip of the pencil, but rather focus on the entire depicted form as a whole.

1. When the intended forms have been clarified and individual and small details have been identified, it is necessary to emphasize the characteristic features in the drawing to give it expressiveness (veins, stamens, etc.)
2. Lightly shade, mark light and shadow with pencils of different hardnesses.

During practical work, make targeted walks:

1. Monitoring the correct execution of drawing techniques
2. Helping students who are experiencing difficulties.
3. Control of the volume and quality of work performed.

1. Lesson summary.

1. Hold an exhibition of student work.

Work evaluation criteria:

• Proportional layout in the sheet (horizontal or vertical arrangement);
• Correct forms (proportions, structure);
• Good command of graphic materials;
• Accuracy of execution;
• Completeness.

1. Express exhibition

Ask the children: “Which work did you like best and why?”

Children name their favorite works and evaluate them according to the criteria together with the teacher.

Grading.

Final word.

Today in the lesson you have seen in practice that when depicting something, you can limit yourself to just a few precise pencil lines, at the same time show the volume of the objects, and the material from which they are made, and even emphasize the details that will help the viewer see them as expressive. In your best works you were able to reflect these techniques.

1. Homework:get acquainted with dictionaries on fine arts, search for terms - tone, silhouette, contour and their designation.

Send

Cool

Stammer

Objectives: to introduce students to the concept of “drawing”, its types, the technique of working on a drawing, talk about a sketch, its meaning for an artist, and develop creative abilities in students.
Materials: educational drawing, sketches of masters of painting (Raphael “Sketches of the Madonna”, A. Durer “Piece of Turf”, “Hare”); fresh autumn leaves, paper, pencil, black pen.

During the classes

Organizing time

(Greeting, checking students’ readiness for the lesson.)

Teacher's conversation

Introduction to the topic

A drawing is any image made by hand using graphic means - a contour line, a stroke, a spot. Using various combinations of these means (combinations of strokes, spots, lines, etc.) plastic modeling, tonal and light-and-shadow effects are achieved in the drawing. It is usually done in one color or using different colors that organically combine with each other. And in today's lesson we will begin to comprehend the technique of creating it.
“Drawing is the highest honesty of art. Drawing does not mean just tracing contours. Drawing is also expressiveness, internal form, plan, modeling. You have to draw incessantly, draw with your eyes when you can’t draw with a pencil” (Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres).

Drawing is the basis of an artist's skill. It is equally necessary for the artist, sculptor and architect. Drawing is used not only in the creative process, but also during learning.

In the last lesson we talked about different types of art materials. Remember what applies to graphic materials. (Pencil, charcoal, pen, feather.)
Artistic drawings are graphic works. At the beginning of his work, the artist first makes a sketch of the drawing.
A sketch is a drawing made without much time. Through a sketch, the master embodies his main idea. It's a bit like a photograph taken while running. Or in other words – a project, a sketch of future work. But great artists make such sketches so beautiful that they are perceived as separate works of art (Fig. 1).

Rice. 1. Raphael “Sketches of Madonna”

Types of drawing

The drawing can be long, studying, detailed, made from life to consolidate certain skills. In this case it is called a sketch. The sketch performs an auxiliary function. Artists often make sketches of a subject they like.

There is a technical drawing, it is used to explain the operation of a device. In order to master the rules of depiction and literacy in figurative language, they create an educational drawing. But creative drawing occupies a special place. With its help, the author expresses his attitude to the subject of interest to him.

History of the drawing

It is believed that the first drawing rules were established by the Egyptians. There were two directions in teaching drawing. The first was based on the rule of free movement of the hand in order to make it easier for a person to draw the main contour lines with a brush. According to the second direction, the student had to have a steady hand in order to more confidently scratch the outline of the fresco design on the wall.

Ancient Greek artists primarily studied the human body. The ancient Greeks saw the beauty of the earth in harmonious order, symmetry, harmony of parts and the whole. The artists of Ancient Greece depicted the world as accurately as possible, so the basis of their work was drawing from life. In the Roman Empire, drawing had an applied nature. The Romans in their creativity mainly imitated the Greeks, copying examples of their work. In the Middle Ages, drawing rather reflected the emotional state than the accuracy of what was depicted.

The main technical techniques of drawing developed during the Renaissance in Italy. To complete the drawing, silver, lead and other metal leads, sanguine, pencil, charcoal, graphite, ink, ink, watercolor, and white were used. The drawing was done with goose and reed feathers, brushes on paper (colored or white). The drawing technique of the Renaissance had a huge influence on subsequent generations of great creators. The artists of that time developed a linear style of drawing, created in haste only with the help of lines (Florentine and Roman schools: Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, A. Matenyi). Venetian artists painted in a freer manner - Titian, Tintoretto and others used light painterly strokes and spots.

Many masters used a pen in their work. It served as a drawing tool for Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci, Titian, Rembrandt, A. Dürer, I. Repin, V. Serov, M. Vrubel and others. Drawing was usually done in ink, ink, sepia on smooth, thick white paper. Drawing with a pen required extreme precision and confidence from the artist, since it was extremely difficult to make corrections to it. Jan van Eyck and Albrecht Dürer are recognized as masters of linear drawings made in silver font.

Curriculum Vitae

Jan van Eyck. The artist Jan van Eyck is a representative of the art of the northern Renaissance. The original character of the northern Renaissance manifested itself in the culture of the Netherlands and Germany. Its main center was Amsterdam, as well as Nuremberg, Augsburg, and Halle. At that time, the teaching of mystics, according to which a person can personally communicate with God, became widespread. Art has not yet become secular. In the Dutch portrait, beauty is primarily associated with the spiritual life of the individual. Leadership in art belongs to painting. The artist Jan van Eyck worked in tandem with his brother Hubert. The Ghent Altarpiece was started together, but after Hubert's death Jan finished it alone. One of Jan’s most famous works is “The Altar of Merode,” where Joseph seems to be making a mousetrap - the personification of Christ building a trap for the devil.

Albrecht Durer is the founder of the art of the German Renaissance. He owns a series of engravings on the theme “Apocalypse”. The artist was known as a subtle observer - a painter. A native of Hungary, he studied for several years with his father, then with the Nuremberg painter Michael Wolgemut. Durer’s most famous watercolors – “Piece of Turf”, “Hare” – were executed with cold crystallineness and detachment. Dürer's first significant work was a series of landscapes painted during his trip to Italy. The artist also successfully worked in the field of woodcuts and woodcuts. The engravings “Knight, Death and the Devil”, “Saint Jerome in the Cell”, “Melancholy” were not conceived as a single cycle, but they are united by a moral and philosophical subtext.

Russian school of drawing

Russian school of the 18th–19th centuries. contributed a lot to the development of drawing techniques. Masters of drawing were O. Kiprensky, K. Bryullov and other students of the Academy of Arts. Their works are done on slightly yellow or blue paper. In his drawing “Sitter with a Red Cloak,” O. Kiprensky managed to achieve an abundance of halftones and such a picturesque impression with the help of Italian pencil, sanguine and chalk. K. Bryullov made the drawing “Portrait of Pauline Viardot” with a graphite pencil and, thus, managed to convey the finest modeling of volume using chiaroscuro. In the famous drawing “Group of two sitters” K. Bryullov used sanguine, pastel, charcoal and chalk. Thus, he managed to achieve a richness of shades and color nuances. Bryullov made his drawings mainly in watercolors, and they give the impression of finished paintings (for example, “Turkish Woman”).

Drawings by such Russian masters as I. Repin, A. Losenko, A.A. Ivanov, are the best examples of various methods of using the material.
The great painter A.A. Ivanov enriched the possibilities of watercolor, using it as the most expressive force. Ivanov’s drawings amaze with their spirituality and closeness to biblical and gospel subjects. The artist performed his works on paper of a pleasant warm tone using whitewash. All his works are multi-figured complex compositions that reveal human characters. Ivanov managed to achieve harmony of color combinations. His most famous work was the painting “The Appearance of Christ to the People.”

Russian artists of the second half of the 19th century. developed and widely used the sauce technique in their art (the sauce is similar to black or colored ink, gives a velvety tone and spreads easily on paper). N. Kramskoy in his work “Inconsolable Grief” used a small touch in the dry sauce technique. V. Serov, working on “Portrait of O.K. Orlova,” used charcoal, colored pencils, and sanguine. Thus, the drawing turned out to be close to the pictorial image. M. Vrubel used a special style of applying strokes. A rose in a glass, a baby in a crib, a landscape - everything he depicted was done with the help of strokes.

In the 20th century artists continued to develop the traditions of the Russian school. A lot of new things were created in the field of free, sharply expressive, unconventional avant-garde drawing.
“The method that has guided me all my life is to draw, draw, draw. Draw every day, draw while you are alive, while you exist, because to draw means to live, to join all living things. Drawing is the basis of fine art, all its types” (D.I. Mitrokhin).

“The artist may later work out individual parts to the desired degree, but let him remember to constantly check that he is not destroying the overall impression by finishing individual parts” (Joshua Reynolds). “Drawing, which is otherwise called the art of sketching, is the highest point of painting, sculpture, and architecture; drawing is the source and soul of all types of painting and the root of all science” (Michelangelo).

Creative task

Today in class we will learn how to make sketches from life. Here are autumn leaves of different colors. Look at them carefully, pay attention to the details. Remember, in order to become a master of drawing, you must learn to see. When examining an object, try to reproduce it on paper as truthfully as possible, creating your own artistic image. Do the work using a simple pencil or black pen.

Summing up the lesson

(Students demonstrate their work.)
- Let's remember what a drawing is.
– What types of drawings do you know?
– What are artistic drawings?
– What is a sketch?
– Explain the concept of “woodcut”.
– Name one work by A. Ivanov.

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