Illustrations by artist Rachev for Russian folk tales. Paintings by Rachev E.M. Illustrations for Russian fairy tales

Evgeniy Mikhailovich Rachev- Honored Artist of the RSFSR, Soviet animal artist, known for his work in the field of book graphics.

Born in the city of Tomsk. He lost his father early. His mother was a doctor, and his stepfather a civil engineer.

He spent his childhood in the village with his grandmother, near Tomsk, in the Siberian village of Yudino. When Eugene was twelve years old, the October Revolution took place in the country and the Civil War began. In 1920, fleeing hunger, he was forced to travel alone from Siberia to Novorossiysk, to his mother. During that difficult time of hunger, he studied at a maritime vocational school, worked in the port as a loader and winch operator, then moved to the locomotive polytechnic school. But he became increasingly attracted to art: he wrote poetry and painted.

In 1928, he graduated with honors from the Kuban Art and Pedagogical College in Krasnodar, then briefly studied at the Kiev Art Institute and in 1930 began collaborating with various children's publishing houses as an illustrator. He chose Russian folk tales, Russian prose and fables as his specialization.

In 1936, Rachev’s drawings were seen in “Detgiz” and invited to Moscow. The young artist moved to the capital and began to work actively, but soon the Great Patriotic War began, and he went to the front, he was assigned to design a front-line newspaper. After the war, Evgeniy Mikhailovich continued to work at Detgiz, in addition, he collaborated with many other publishing houses. And, starting in 1960, he became the main artist at the Malysh publishing house and remained so for about twenty years.

Rachev devoted his entire creative life, more than sixty years, to working with books, and created hundreds of beautiful drawings. At the same time, the artist always remembered his little viewer and tried to make his drawings understandable to the child.

Many books were published with Rachev’s illustrations, including: Vladimir Obruchev “Plutonia”; Prishvin M. M. “Pantry of the Sun” and “Golden Meadow”; Durov V.L. “My animals”; Mamin-Sibiryak D. M. “Alyonushkin’s Tales”; Saltykov-Shchedrin M. E. “Satirical tales.” In 1958–1959, especially for the exhibition “Soviet Russia,” Rachev prepared a whole series of drawings for the fables of I. A. Krylov. He created wonderful drawings for the works of V. M. Garshin, I. Ya. Franko, L. N. Tolstoy, S. Mikhalkov, V.V. Bianki and, of course, to folk tales: Ukrainian, Russian, Belarusian, Hungarian, Romanian, Tajik, as well as fairy tales of the peoples of the North.

In 1973 E.M. Rachev became the Laureate of the State Prize of the RSFSR for illustrations of the books: “Terem-Teremok”, I.A. Krylov “Fables”, S. Mikhalkov “Fables”.

In 1986, for illustrations for the book of Ukrainian folk tales “Spikelet” by E.M. Rachev received an Honorary Diploma from the International Council for Children's and Youth Literature of UNESCO - IBBY. Once every two years, IBBY awards the International Hans Christian Andersen Prize to children's authors - writers and artists, as well as Honorary Diplomas to the best recently published children's and youth books.

In 1996, many years of work by E.M. Racheva was awarded the audience award - “Golden Key”.

Evgeniy Mikhailovich worked on a significant part of his books together with his wife Lidia Ivanovna Racheva(1923 - 2011), who often collected material for his future books, made sketches of ornaments and folk costumes in museums, translated and retold fairy tales of different peoples, was a compiler of collections of fairy tales and even calculated book layouts so that there was an exact match between the test and future illustrations. For example, when the idea arose to make illustrations for Krylov’s fables, she collected material in the archives that made it possible to tie the plots of the fables to real events, which made it possible to create unique drawings that exactly corresponded to the text of the fables and the events to which they were addressed. This book of fables was very different from all other books with Krylov’s fables; the fables were provided with comments written by Lydia Ivanovna, which conveyed to the readers the meaning embedded in them by Ivan Krylov. There were other books in which you can see that among the creators was L. Gribova - that is, Lidia Ivanovna Racheva.

Evgeniy Mikhailovich Rachev lived a long life, it included many events - both personal and those that his contemporaries experienced; he was born in one country - the tsarist one, and died in a third - “democratic”, living all the time in the same one. He was buried at the Kalitnikovskoye cemetery in Moscow in 1997, and those artists with whom he worked at the Malysh publishing house came to see him off.

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Evgeny Mikhailovich Rachev(-) - Russian and Soviet animal artist, graphic artist, illustrator.

Biography

Participant of the Great Patriotic War from October 1941 to 1945. He started the war in the militia near Moscow. In 1945 he was sent from the army to decorate Moscow for the holidays together with other artists.

In the 1960s, after the creation of the publishing house "Children's World" (since 1963 - "Malysh"), he became the main artist and worked there for almost 20 years.

From all the variety of fairy tales and fables, he chose those that were closer to him as an animal artist, in which the main, and sometimes the only, characters are animals.

Striving for psychological expressiveness and social sharpness of images, the artist used the natural qualities, habits and habits of animals that he subtly noticed, and introduced costume, furnishings, and household items into his illustrations.

Awards

• Silver medal of the USSR Academy of Arts for illustrations to the fables of I. A. Krylov (1961)
• Honorary diploma of the International Council on Children's and Youth Literature of UNESCO (IBBY), which awards the International Hans Christian Andersen Prize for illustrations for the book of Ukrainian folk tales “Spikelet” (1986).
• Audience Award - “Golden Key” for many years of work (1996).
• State Prize of the RSFSR named after N.K. Krupskaya (1973) - for illustrations and design of books for children and youth: “Terem-Teremok”, “Fables” by I.A. Krylov, “Fables” by S.V. Mikhalkov.

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Literature

• . - M. : JSC Publishing Group "Progress", 1996. - P. 100.
• Lyakhov V. I. E. M. Rachev // The Art of Books. - M., 1961. - Issue. 2. - pp. 182-184.
• Chereyskaya M. E. M. Rachev // Art. - 1957. - No. 4. - P. 26-27.

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Excerpt characterizing Rachev, Evgeniy Mikhailovich

The next day, on the advice of Marya Dmitrievna, Count Ilya Andreich went with Natasha to Prince Nikolai Andreich. The count prepared for this visit with a gloomy spirit: in his heart he was afraid. The last meeting during the militia, when the count, in response to his invitation to dinner, listened to a heated reprimand for not delivering people, was memorable for Count Ilya Andreich. Natasha, dressed in her best dress, was on the contrary in the most cheerful mood. “It’s impossible that they wouldn’t love me,” she thought: everyone has always loved me. And I’m so ready to do for them whatever they want, I’m so ready to love him - because he’s a father, and her because she’s a sister, that there’s no reason why they wouldn’t love me!”
They drove up to an old, gloomy house on Vzdvizhenka and entered the hallway.
“Well, God bless,” said the count, half jokingly, half seriously; but Natasha noticed that her father was in a hurry, entering the hall, and timidly, quietly asked if the prince and princess were at home. After the report of their arrival, there was confusion among the prince's servants. The footman, who ran to report them, was stopped by another footman in the hall and they whispered about something. A girl, a maid, ran out into the hall and also hurriedly said something, mentioning the princess. Finally, one old footman with an angry look came out and reported to the Rostovs that the prince could not receive him, but the princess was asking to come to her. M lle Bourienne was the first to greet the guests. She especially politely met the father and daughter and took them to the princess. The princess, with an excited, frightened face covered with red spots, ran out, stepping heavily, towards the guests, and tried in vain to appear free and welcoming. Princess Marya did not like Natasha at first sight. She seemed too elegant, frivolously cheerful and vain to her. Princess Marya did not know that before she saw her future daughter-in-law, she was already ill-disposed towards her out of involuntary envy of her beauty, youth and happiness and out of jealousy of her brother’s love. In addition to this irresistible feeling of antipathy towards her, Princess Marya at that moment was also excited by the fact that at the report of the Rostovs’ arrival, the prince shouted that he did not need them, that he should let Princess Marya receive them if she wanted, and that they should not be allowed to see him . Princess Marya decided to receive the Rostovs, but every minute she was afraid that the prince would do some kind of trick, since he seemed very excited about the Rostovs’ arrival.
“Well, dear princess, I brought you my songbird,” said the count, shuffling and looking around restlessly, as if he was afraid that the old prince might come up. “I’m so glad that you met... It’s a pity, it’s a pity that the prince is still unwell,” and after saying a few more general phrases, he stood up. “If you would allow me, princess, to give you an idea of ​​my Natasha for a quarter of an hour, I would go, just two steps away, to the Dog Playground, to see Anna Semyonovna, and pick her up.”
Ilya Andreich came up with this diplomatic trick in order to give his future sister-in-law space to explain himself to his daughter-in-law (as he said this after his daughter) and also in order to avoid the possibility of meeting with the prince, whom he was afraid of. He did not tell this to his daughter, but Natasha understood this fear and anxiety of her father and felt insulted. She blushed for her father, became even more angry for blushing, and looked at the princess with a bold, defiant look that said that she was not afraid of anyone. The princess told the count that she was very happy and only asked him to stay longer with Anna Semyonovna, and Ilya Andreich left.
M lle Bourienne, despite the restless glances thrown at her by Princess Marya, who wanted to talk with Natasha face to face, did not leave the room and firmly held the conversation about Moscow pleasures and theaters. Natasha was offended by the confusion that occurred in the hallway, by her father’s anxiety and by the unnatural tone of the princess, who, it seemed to her, was doing a favor by accepting her. And then everything was unpleasant for her. She didn't like Princess Marya. She seemed very bad-looking to her, feigned and dry. Natasha suddenly shrank morally and involuntarily adopted such a careless tone, which pushed Princess Marya away from her even more. After five minutes of heavy, pretend conversation, fast footsteps in shoes were heard approaching. Princess Marya's face expressed fear, the door of the room opened and the prince entered in a white cap and robe.
“Oh, madam,” he said, “madam, countess... Countess Rostova, if I’m not mistaken... I beg your pardon, excuse me... I didn’t know, madam.” God knows, I didn’t know that you honored us with your visit; you came to see your daughter in such a suit. I beg your pardon... God sees, I didn’t know,” he repeated so unnaturally, emphasizing the word God and so unpleasantly that Princess Marya stood with her eyes downcast, not daring to look at either her father or Natasha. Natasha, having stood up and sat down, also did not know what to do. One m lle Bourienne smiled pleasantly.

When they say - drawings by Evgeny Rachev, fairy tales and childhood are immediately remembered. His illustrations cannot be confused with any others. The bright individuality of his characters is remembered for a lifetime.

Evgeniy Mikhailovich Rachev dedicated his entire creative life to the Book. More than 250 books have been published with a total circulation of more than 75 million copies in 68 languages ​​of the peoples of Russia and the world.

Of course, Russian folk tales occupy a huge place in his work, but he also illustrated Ukrainian, Belarusian, Bashkir, Tajik, Bulgarian, Hungarian, Romanian fairy tales, fairy tales of the peoples of the North, books of stories and tales about nature and animals, for example. “Whose nose is better?” V. Bianki, “The Pantry of the Sun” by M. Prishvin, “Alenushka’s Tales” by D. Mamin-Sibiryak, “My Animals” by Lev Durov, “The Frog Traveler” by V. Garshin, books of fables and satirical tales by I. Franko, I. Krylov , S. Mikhalkova, M.V. Saltykov-Shchedrin, L. Tolstoy and others.

Evgeny Mikhailovich Rachev is a wonderful illustrator, graphic artist, People's Artist of the Russian Federation, Honored Artist of the Russian Federation.

Evgeny Rachev was born in 1906 in Tomsk, graduated from the Kuban Art College, and studied at the Kiev Art Institute. He began illustrating books in 1929-30, he was noticed and invited to the largest children's publishing house in the country - Detgiz, in Moscow. Since October 1941, he was in the militia near Moscow; he ended the war in 1945, when, together with other artists, he was sent from the army to decorate Moscow for the holidays. After the war he returned to Detgiz. Since 1960, Rachev has been the chief artist of the children's publishing house "Malysh", where he worked for twenty years.

The main characters of his illustrations are animals, and animals with character traits inherent in people. Rachev studied the habits of animals in order to later show them in books. “If you look at my drawings and rejoice at the amusing fairy-tale invention, then it turned out like a fairy tale. If, looking at my birds and animals, you understand that the fairy tale is clever and hints at people, then I have succeeded, as in the fairy tales that I illustrate.”

The most popular among them is the Ukrainian folk tale “The Mitten,” first published in 1951. It has been translated many times into other languages ​​of the world. “Mitten,” with illustrations by Rachev in Japanese, is one of the three longest-selling children's books in Japan.

Evgeny Mikhailovich’s wife Lidia Ivanovna Racheva provided great assistance in his work, who often sketched ornaments and folk costumes in museums, translated and retold fairy tales of different peoples, and was a compiler of collections of fairy tales. When Evgeny Mikhailovich took up illustrations for Krylov’s fables, his wife collected material in the archives that made it possible to connect the plots of the fables with real events. That is why unique drawings were obtained that exactly correspond to the text of the fables and the events to which they were dedicated. In this book, the fables were provided with comments written by Lydia Ivanovna, which revealed to readers the meaning inherent in them by Ivan Andreevich Krylov.

The gallery "Open Club" opened today exhibition of works by Evgeny Mikhailovich Rachev. In my memory, there were no separate exhibitions of this artist, and in general - as noted, this is only the fifth personal exhibition in all, all years.

The exhibition is small, but very integral and, paradoxically, voluminous. The entire creative path of the artist is presented - from the first post-war years to the 90s, both adult and children's books, both b/w graphics and color works. At least a couple of works, but all the main, iconic books of the artist are represented. Perhaps the only thing I was missing was the drawings for “The Mitten,” but it’s “museum-quality.” Everything else is there. Northern, Russian, Ukrainian, Bulgarian fairy tales. Teremok and Masha with the bear, Tailors in the forest, Golden comb, Birds, Krylov's fables and Saltykov-Shchedrin's fairy tales.

I think I won’t reveal a big secret that the largest collection of works is in the artist’s family. It is on the basis of this collection that the exhibition was made. I have seen Rachev’s works at exhibitions (for example, at Darwin), but usually these are mass-produced lithographs. They look a little different - harder, sharper, more spot-like than hand-made graphic works, especially the early ones, where watercolor + charcoal are used. Therefore, this exhibition is unique - you have the opportunity to see exactly these works.

I liked that the works were not filed under passports, but presented as they are - with typographical and editorial notes, very lively and real.

Most of the works are familiar to me personally, so I remember more the works that were new to me: the charming works for Mikhalkov’s “The Arrogant Bunny,” for Tolstoy’s fables, for Obruchev’s “Plutonia.” Well, the main hit (and not only for me) are wooden sculptures. They have not been exhibited since the late 60s.

As was very correctly noted at the opening: Rachev’s style is unique. No, he was not the first to dress animals in human clothes and stand them on their hind legs. But it was Rachev who did it so organically and naturally, while the animals retained their habits, their recognition. These are not people in animal masks, these are wolves, bears, foxes, hares, but at the same time we see characters, facial expressions, emotions. These are fairy-tale animals that walk, talk, get offended, laugh, intrigue, are afraid...

The drawings were well chosen: very lively faces and muzzles

These are the same unpublished (until recently) drawings for Saltykov-Shchedrin.

I took a special photo with the visitor - for scale. These are drawings for Krylov's fables

From early works. These are drawings for Tolstoy's fables.

Still from early.

If I understand correctly: these are the earliest works in the exhibition. Drawings for "Plutonia" by Obruchev

And the main hit (for me). Wooden figurines of animals. Evgeny Mikhailovich picked up pieces of wood, driftwood, roots, and twigs in the forest. After some time they came to life

And the main hit (my personal one). It was impossible to get me away from this mouse with a long tail.

From different angles (I can't resist)

And entirely. With a tail. Long, long

German Alekseevich Mazurin. He told an interesting detail: Rachev soaked the coal in linseed oil, after which, working on the coal with watercolors, the contours did not spread and remained clear.

I highly recommend the exhibition. Even if you are not too big a fan of Rachev’s drawings. The originals have real charisma and are a must see. And the exhibition is unique in its selection and scope. I don’t know if there will be another chance to see everything just like that.

It’s a pity that it’s short in time, but it’s absolutely accessible due to opening hours (until 10 pm!!!), in the center.

Free admission. They sell a small catalogue.

RACHEV EVGENY MIKHAILOVICH

Dates of life: January 26 (February 8) 1906 – July 2, 1997
Illustrator, graphic artist, People's Artist of the Russian Federation, Honored Artist of the Russian Federation.

Evgeniy Mikhailovich was born in Tomsk and spent his childhood in the village with his grandmother. In 1920, he traveled alone to Novorossiysk to visit his mother, worked in the port, studied at a nautical vocational school, then at a locomotive polytechnic school. Since childhood, Evgeniy Mikhailovich was fond of drawing and writing poetry. The desire for creativity led him to the Kuban Art and Pedagogical College in Krasnodar, from which he graduated with honors in 1928. After graduation, Rachev studied for some time at the Kiev Art Institute, and in 1930 he began collaborating with various Kyiv children's publishing houses as an illustrator. He joined a group of young avant-garde graphic artists who united around the Kyiv publishing house “Culture”, among whom were L. Hamburger, B. Ermolenko, B. Kryukov, I. Kisel, M. Boychuk; and in 1936, the drawings of Rachev, who increasingly gave preference to Russian fairy tales and fables in his work, were seen in “Detgiz” and the artist was invited to Moscow.
In 1960, Rachev became the chief artist of the children's publishing house "Malysh", and worked in this position for almost twenty years.
Evgeny Rachev devoted more than sixty years of his creative life to children's books; Many books have been published with his illustrations, including “The Pantry of the Sun” by M. Prishvin, “My Animals” by Lev Durov, “Alenushka’s Tales” by D. Mamin-Sibiryak, “Satirical Tales” by M. Saltykov-Shchedrin, Krylov’s fables, works by V. M. Garshina, I. Ya. Franko, L. N. Tolstoy, S. Mikhalkov, V. V. Bianki and a huge number of folk tales - Russian, Ukrainian, Belarusian, Hungarian, Romanian, Tajik...

The main characters of his illustrations are animals, and animals with character traits inherent in people. Rachev studied the habits of animals in order to later show them in books. In fairy tales, animals speak and act like people, and Rachev dresses them in Russian folk costumes, making them look like people. That’s why you can immediately see what kind of character the furry and feathered fairy-tale heroes have.

Here is the bear from the fairy tale “Tops and Roots” - he is naive and trusting, and the crafty little man with whom the bear is talking is not at all afraid of him.

Here is the fox talking to the mice in the Eskimo fairy tale “The Brave Mouse.” It is clear that the fox is cunning; she seems to be smiling, squinting her eyes and preparing to grab the mice. But one of them turned out to be more cunning - she told the fox that she could hear the hunters approaching to scare the red cheat.

And here is a fox and a cat, dressed up in ancient costumes: the fox is a hawthorn, the cat is a governor. They walk proudly - after all, they deceived all the forest inhabitants by telling them that the cat was sent to the forest as the leader over all the animals.

The most popular Ukrainian folk tale is “The Mitten,” first published in 1951. It has been translated many times into other languages ​​of the world. “Mitten,” with illustrations by Rachev in Japanese, is one of the three longest-selling children's books in Japan.

Rachev himself spoke about his work like this: “For me, it is especially interesting to convey in a drawing the character of an animal - good-natured or cruel, harmless or predatory. Studying the appearance of an animal and its character, you suddenly notice that one of the animals or birds is surprisingly similar to this or that person, and a person is like an animal or bird. And if I met a bear dressed in clothes in the forest, I probably would not be surprised, but would say respectfully to the owner of the forest: “Hello, Grandfather Bear!” And if you look at my drawings and rejoice at the amusing fairy tale, it means that it turned out like a fairy tale. If, looking at my birds and animals, you understand that the fairy tale is somehow cunning and hints at people, then I have succeeded, as in the fairy tales that I illustrate.”

Read, look at books with drawings by Evgeny Rachev!