Hysteroid and other types. How to understand a person with a hysterical personality type

33. SOCIALIZATION OF THE PERSON. FORMS OF DIRECTION OF PERSONALITY A person is not born, one becomes one. The formation of a personality occurs in the course of its socialization, the socialization of a personality is a process of personality formation in certain social conditions, in the course of

Hysterical personalities A sharp change of mood - from deafening laughter to a shrill cry for any trifle, demonstrative behavior and eternal discontent. “Hysterical” - they say behind the back of such a person. But what is more here: licentiousness, bad manners,

§ 1. The concept of personality. Socialization of the individual. The structure of the mental properties of a person A person as a subject of social relations, a carrier of socially significant qualities is a person. A person is not born with ready-made abilities, character, etc. These properties

5 Personalities don't like - personalities want something When the masks are thrown off, people often feel resentment and disappointment - but many couples withstand such a test, do not break up. Partners still want something from each other and think they can get what they want. Many

Hysteria is a somewhat old-fashioned concept, in modern everyday life it carries a negative connotation. People say: “stop the tantrum”, “hysteria with or without”, when it comes to uncontrollable experiences. In science, the term is used - histrionic character, found in people without conspicuous hysterical symptoms.

Bright talented people who have taken place in a public profession may have a normal histrionic or hysterical personality type, and in sick people suffering from epileptic convulsions without epilepsy, blindness without eye diseases, and other psychogenic symptoms without organic lesions - hysterical neurosis.

The hysteroid child is receptive and sensitive by temperament - fights and cries when it hurts, and screams with delight when it's fun. The child is looking for new sensations, and is overwhelmed by them, sometimes unable to cope with the volume of experiences. The hysteroid has an innate sensitivity, like a schizoid, but unlike him, the hysteroid child is drawn to people.

The child is passionately involved in the game, it is not distracted to feed. It is only when the hunger becomes intense that he suddenly realizes that he is "terribly" hungry, right now and "very, very much."

From a conversation with the mother of a six-year-old boy

In the childhood experience of women of the hysterical personality type, one can find events and attitudes that attributed power and value to the male sex. Situations are typical when a girl is painfully aware that adults give preference to boys, and men have much more power than mother or women.

Grandfather kicked out my mother, who was pregnant with me, with the words: “I brought it in the hem, go to all four sides.”

From a therapeutic conversation

When a girl child receives positive attention, it is related to appearance, or to cuteness or naivety. Growing up, the girl notices that people of her gender are less valuable, and boys are even scolded, using a comparison with girls - “you are like a girl!”

The father of a histrionic woman is often emotional and explosive, which terrifies a receptive girl. It attracts, and at the same time, frightens. If there is no father in the family, then his absence makes men in the eyes of the girl exciting, unknown and suitable for idealization.

Having mastered the patriarchal stereotype "men have power, access to resources, they are strong and dangerous, and women are soft and kind, but weak and defenseless", a woman - a hysterical personality type - is looking for support and the basis of her own self-esteem in relations with men, whom she perceives as powerful and powerful.

I love to ask groups one provocative question about women's rights. With an innocent face, I ask: “Tell me, in what country and in what year did women get the right to vote?” After that, those present strain that part of the memory that is responsible for the knowledge of history, and for a long time offer options ... They rarely come across, since the first such country was New Zealand in 1893. And when we finally finish guessing and name the facts, I ask the second of the prepared questions: “Tell me, from whom did they get this right?” Usually there is dead silence in the audience.

An excerpt from the book “I am a feminist. Do you want to talk about it?"

Maria Sabunaeva

Hysteroid boys, raised by a mother with a physically or psychologically absent father, develop in a hysterical direction as a result of contemptuous comparison with stereotypical "real men". Idealized "real" men are strong, generous heroes, to which "this bespectacled man is like the moon."

If masculinity is belittled by the mother - “squishy, ​​where are you puffing up”, or sexuality is belittled - “changed your underpants, washed your bells?”, Then the boy has a feeling of male failure, which will accompany him in adulthood. The unconscious meaning of attracting attention to themselves in histrionic people is an attempt to prove that they themselves and their gender deserve respect, as opposed to childhood experiences.

Deep inside the hysterical personality is a small, frightened, imperfect child who is doing his best in a world dominated by powerful other people. Therefore, for a histrionic personality, it is important to learn to rely on oneself, to believe that without sexism, a person is interesting in itself. That a man, for example, may be interested in the content of the thoughts and feelings of a histrionic woman, and resist her seductive sexual impulses.

Thus, often the source of the hysterical personality type is the feeling that one's own gender is associated with problems against the background of innate sensitivity and susceptibility.

Hysteroid men have a painful awareness of the inaccessibility of the ideal of a real man - a strong macho who can do anything and win everyone. Innate emotionality was belittled by adults in the family, or at school, as it was considered a girlish manifestation. Receptive male hysteroids attract the attention of others, unconsciously proving that a man can be different, while remaining a man.

Hysteroid women have an understanding of the patriarchal way of life - discrimination of women by men, the weakness and defenselessness of women and the strength and power of men. Emotionality and sensitivity develop into sexuality, through which attempts are made to correct the imbalance and equalize with men. A hysteroid woman unconsciously proves to herself and others that she is valuable, has a value in itself.

Hysterical personality type organized around themes of sexuality and sexual power. Normal desires for intimacy with others are intensified, filled with sexual energy. Hysteroids, especially women, are seductive, unaware of implicit sexual invitations in their behavior. And they are shocked when others perceive their behavior as initiating a sexual relationship.

You say “no”, but with your whole body it’s like “yes”.

From a retelling of a conversation between a young man and a girl

The self-esteem of histrionic people depends on the feeling that they have the same power as the person they fear, or an authoritative person of the opposite sex - "this powerful person is part of me." Such an idea is present in the psychology of fans who idealize an idol, artist or singer.

A young attractive student, was carried away by a courageous and brutal teacher. She approached all men as a reverent follower, and it was not easy for them to ignore her seductiveness. When she received a signal that the teacher was attracted to her, she experienced a sense of her own power, excitement, significance, and, at the same time, fear and guilt for having received the attention of a married man.

It is important to regain the right to be outside the powerful other, a separate and interesting person. It is difficult for a histrionic person to believe in his own significance. His emotional statements only seem theatrical or exaggerated: “I saw sooooo!” Having experience of devaluation, they do not expect respectful attention to feelings, intensify them in order to convince themselves and others of their own right to self-expression.

When the hysteroid has the experience of being heard, he has the opportunity to describe his feelings plausibly without amplification.

Hysterical people can act out of their own fears, seem fearless, adventurous and flamboyant. They seduce when they are afraid, expose themselves when they are ashamed of their body, move into the spotlight when they unconsciously consider themselves inferior to others, are eager to perform feats when they are afraid of aggression, provoke authority figures when they feel threatened by them.

Sometimes a histrionic person in a state of stress "runs away" into physical symptoms - wakes up, forgets, gets sick. It is important not to discount the symptom by accusing the hysteria of simulating the disease.

The well-known "glove paralysis" is described by Freud, its essence is that motor activity in the hand is lost. The disorder cannot have a physiological neurological cause, as nerve damage leading to hand paralysis will cause paralysis of the entire arm. Such a symptom resolved the internal conflict between the desire for sexual self-stimulation and the prohibition on it.

Symptoms of diseases without physiological causes - heart pain without diagnosable heart disease, intestinal problems with a healthy intestine and other diseases in the absence of physiological problems - are vivid manifestations of a person who has a hysterical personality type. Symptoms of the disease can be presented as something objective, as something that is not accepted to be ignored.

With the help of symptoms, the histrionic person tries to show more vividly what he really feels. However, from the point of view of others, he “replays”, and as a result, he is not taken seriously, feelings and suffering are devalued - the trauma is repeated.

She is forty years old, and everything is in red tights and miniskirts ...

From gossip among women

The hysteroid pretends to be who he really is. Unlike the narcissist, who needs the admiration of others to fill his inner void, the hysteroid is overwhelmed with feelings and expresses them too vividly, too theatrically, or through psychosomatic symptoms, trying to be taken seriously.

“When you talk to me like an adult, I don't believe you. When you say that I am strong, point to my own achievements, I cannot believe, I am afraid to believe, I do not believe. I feel weak, of little value, so I should at least be well-groomed. But when I look in the mirror - I feel like a terribly creepy ugly! The monologue of a beautiful woman with an hysterical personality type can be perceived as coquetry, but the drama is that the intensity of the experiences is so high that it is difficult for her to cope with them herself. At the same time, due to the level of anxiety and internal conflicts from which she suffers, her emotionality looks to others as exaggerated or superficial, and her feelings seem to change too quickly.

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Hysteria is a somewhat old-fashioned concept that carries a negative connotation in modern everyday life. People say: "stop the tantrum", "hysteria with or without" when it comes to uncontrollable experiences. In science, the term is used - histrionic character, found in people without conspicuous hysterical symptoms.

Bright talented people who have taken place in a public profession may have a normal histrionic or hysteroid personality type, and sick people suffering from epileptic convulsions without epilepsy, blindness without eye diseases, and other psychogenic symptoms without organic lesions - hysterical neurosis.

Hysteroid type of personality: inner world and formation

From a conversation with the mother of a six-year-old boy.

Grandfather kicked out my pregnant mother with the words: "Brought it in the hem, go to all four sides"

From a therapeutic conversation.

The father of a histrionic woman is often emotional and explosive, which terrifies a receptive girl. It attracts, and at the same time, frightens. If there is no father in the family, then his absence makes men in the eyes of the girl exciting, unknown and suitable for idealization.

Having mastered the patriarchal stereotype "men have power, access to resources, they are strong and dangerous, and women are soft and kind, but weak and defenseless", a woman - a hysterical personality type - is looking for support and the basis of her own self-esteem in relations with men, whom she perceives as powerful and powerful.

I love to ask groups one provocative question about women's rights. With an innocent face, I ask: "Tell me, in what country and in what year did women get the right to vote?" After that, those present strain that part of the memory that is responsible for the knowledge of history, and for a long time offer options ... They rarely come across, since the first such country was New Zealand in 1893. And when we finally finish guessing and name the facts, I ask the second of the prepared questions: "Tell me, from whom did they get this right?" There is usually dead silence in the audience..

An excerpt from the book "I am a feminist. Do you want to talk about it?"
Maria Sabunaeva

If masculinity is belittled by the mother - “squishy, ​​where are you puffing up”, or sexuality is belittled - “changed your underpants, washed your bells?”, Then the boy has a feeling of male failure, which will accompany him in adulthood. The unconscious meaning of attracting attention to themselves in histrionic people is an attempt to prove that they themselves and their gender deserve respect, as opposed to childhood experiences.

Deep inside the hysterical personality is a small, frightened, imperfect child who is doing his best in a world dominated by powerful other people. Therefore, for a histrionic personality, it is important to learn to rely on oneself, to believe that without sexism, a person is interesting in itself. That a man, for example, may be interested in the content of the thoughts and feelings of a histrionic woman, and resist her seductive sexual impulses.

Thus, often the source of the hysterical personality type is the feeling that one's own gender is associated with problems against the background of innate sensitivity and susceptibility.

Hysteroid men have a painful realization of the inaccessibility of the ideal of a real man - a strong macho who can do anything and win everyone. Innate emotionality was belittled by adults in the family, or at school, as it was considered a girlish manifestation. Receptive male hysteroids attract the attention of others, unconsciously proving that a man can be different, while remaining a man.

Women-hysteroids have an understanding of the patriarchal way of life - discrimination of women by men, the weakness and defenselessness of women and the strength and power of men. Emotionality and sensitivity develop into sexuality, through which attempts are made to correct the imbalance and equalize with men. A hysteroid woman unconsciously proves to herself and others that she is valuable, has a value in itself.

Hysteroid: relationships with others

You say "no", but with your whole body it's like "yes".

From a retelling of a conversation between a young man and a girl

It is important to regain the right to be outside the powerful other, a separate and interesting person. It is difficult for a histrionic person to believe in his own significance. His emotional statements only seem theatrical or exaggerated: "I saw sooooo!" Having experience of devaluation, they do not expect respectful attention to feelings, intensify them in order to convince themselves and others of their own right to self-expression.

When the hysteroid has the experience of being heard, he has the opportunity to describe his feelings plausibly without amplification.

Hysterical people can act out of their own fears, seem fearless, adventurous and flamboyant. They seduce when they are afraid, expose themselves when they are ashamed of their body, move into the spotlight when they unconsciously consider themselves inferior to others, are eager to perform feats when they are afraid of aggression, provoke authority figures when they feel threatened by them.

Thus, they try to cope with internal anxiety and fears.

Sometimes a histrionic person in a state of stress "runs away" into physical symptoms - wakes up, forgets, gets sick. It is important not to discount the symptom by accusing the hysteria of simulating the disease.

The well-known "glove paralysis" is described by Freud, its essence is that motor activity in the hand is lost. The disorder cannot have a physiological neurological cause, as nerve damage leading to hand paralysis will cause paralysis of the entire arm. Such a symptom resolved the internal conflict between the desire for sexual self-stimulation and the prohibition on it.

Symptoms of diseases without physiological causes - heart pain without diagnosable heart disease, intestinal problems with a healthy intestine and other diseases in the absence of physiological problems - are vivid manifestations of a person who has a hysterical personality type. Symptoms of the disease can be presented as something objective, as something that is not accepted to be ignored.

With the help of symptoms, the histrionic person tries to show more vividly what he really feels. However, from the point of view of others, he "replays", and as a result he is not taken seriously, feelings and suffering are devalued - the trauma is repeated.

She is forty years old, and everything is in red tights and miniskirts ...

From gossip among women

“When you talk to me like an adult, I don’t believe you. When you say that I am strong, point to my own achievements, I can’t believe, I’m afraid to believe, I don’t believe. I feel weak, of little value, therefore I should at least be well-groomed. But when I look in the mirror - I feel like a terribly creepy ugly! " The monologue of a beautiful woman with an hysterical personality type can be perceived as coquetry, but the drama is that the intensity of the experiences is so high that it is difficult for her to cope with them herself. At the same time, due to the level of anxiety and internal conflicts from which she suffers, her emotionality looks to others as exaggerated or superficial, and her feelings seem to change too quickly.

The hysteroid enhances the emotion in order to convince others that he is really experiencing it. At the same time, he retains the ability to retract his words if others reject him.

"I was sooooooo scared!" - the hysteroid woman says, expanding her eyes, inviting interlocutors to consider panic as actually absent or trivial. But there was panic, and it is difficult for a hysteroid to say this directly and calmly. Suddenly rejected? If they take it seriously, then it’s good, it was so, but if they reject it or make fun of it, then there was no panic, “I exaggerated especially for laughter.”

When a histrionic person manages to combine his receptivity and sensitivity with a logical approach, amazing creative abilities appear. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention not only to the awareness of feelings and the recognition of their significance, but also to the integration of thinking and feeling.

So, we have identified the following features of a person who has a histrionic or hysterical personality type, and proposed ways to integrate them into life:

• The assimilation of the patriarchal stereotype "men have power, access to resources, are strong and dangerous, and women are soft and kind, but weak and defenseless", leads to the fact that a hysteroid woman seeks support and the basis of her own self-esteem in attachment to the men she perceives domineering. But it is important to seek support within the personality, perceiving oneself also outside the context of gender, as a person.
• It is important for hysterical men to accept themselves "not like that", not like the stereotype "macho who does not cry."
• The self-esteem of histrionic people depends on the feeling that they have the same power as the person they fear, or an authoritative person of the opposite sex - "this powerful person is part of me." It is also important to regain the right to be outside the powerful other, a separate and interesting person.
• Strengthening feelings, theatricality. When the hysteroid feels heard, he has the opportunity to describe his feelings believably without amplification.
• In a state of stress, it "runs away" into physical symptoms - wakes up, forgets, gets sick. It is important not to discount the symptom by accusing the hysteria of simulating a disease, but to listen to what the body wants to "tell" and check for the presence of an organic disease.
• If you can combine your receptivity and sensitivity with a logical approach, amazing creative abilities appear.

The term "hysteria" is actively used in a highly specialized field, for example, in medicine, and in everyday life. Many people perceive this concept in a negative context, associating it with uncontrollable emotions or actions. From a psychological point of view, such behavior is interpreted as a hysterical personality type, which has pronounced features.

Features of the hysterical personality type

It is not difficult to recognize the histrionic character, since its main feature is egocentrism. The constant demand for attention to oneself is the prevailing motive for the actions of most "hysteroids". At the same time, by what means the goal will be achieved (pretense, defiant behavior, nervous breakdown, etc.), for these people it does not matter.

The described person draws attention to himself in order to be sympathized with, praised, or noted for his outstanding abilities. Having received his portion of positive emotions, he calms down for a while, but after a certain time the need arises again. In the absence of the desired result, the emotionality of the "hysteroid" intensifies, and the options for achieving the goal become more and more sophisticated.

The list of the main signs of histrionic character includes:

1. The desire to outrageous;
2. Theatricality of emotions;
3. Heightened self-esteem;
4. Open demonstration of feelings;
5. Increased demands on the environment.

The hysterical personality type is extremely susceptible, and even a minor reason can serve as a catalyst for a violent reaction. At the same time, such a person will not fake emotions: if he finds it funny, he will laugh; if he is sad, he will be sad;

The feeling of empathy is unfamiliar to the “hysteroid”, because he does not know how to empathize with others. However, he will prefer to hide this feature so as not to “run into” a negative assessment of society. The desire to please everyone and in any situation completely subjugates the actions of a person. As a result, the hysterical type of person is cowardly and not inclined to take on those cases in which he can fail. Often such people become terrible pedants, striving for order in everything, from the love sphere to everyday issues.

Sloppy folded socks on a shelf or dirty dishes in the sink bring logical dissonance to their worldview, leading to conflicts.

The appearance of hysterical people

Egocentric people usually pay a lot of attention to their appearance. In their form, everything, from tips to heels, must be perfect. Hence the desire to stand out from the gray mass, but not to be a black sheep. "Hysteroids" dream of catching the admiring glances of the opposite sex, pleasantly surprising and shocking the audience. The clothes of such people are dominated by:

• bright colors;
• elegance;
• unconventional cut;
• fashionable combinations of accessories.

Persons of the hysteroid type have expressive lively speech, which makes it easy to win over the interlocutor, involve him in a discussion or convince him that he is right. They are not afraid to participate in mass events, easily agreeing to the role of a host, organizer, "highlight of the program." Natural charm, strong charisma, extraordinaryness allow you to quickly fall in love with others and become their favorites.

Hysteroid disorders

Increased emotionality of the individual often leads to poor health. It has been scientifically proven that the risk group includes patients with a histrionic type of character. Among the main problems experienced by such people, we note:

• increase in body temperature;
• decrease in vitality;
• weakening of the immune system;
• severe headaches;
• and etc.

As an illustrative example, let's take a situation: a woman constantly complained of severe pain in her abdomen. After a visit to a gastroenterologist, she was diagnosed with a mild form of gastritis, but taking the drugs did not lead to the expected results. Attacks of vomiting and discomfort in the gastrointestinal tract did not leave the patient until she was advised to consult a psychologist. Only a visit to a specialist helped to establish the true causes of what was happening: fear of being fired from work, constant conflicts with her husband, fear of losing the respect of the team.

After psychological therapy, the health problems went away, but the woman still continued to attract attention at work with stories about problems in family life.

The main problems of hysteroid personalities

The main problem of people with a histrionic character is increased emotionality, which leads to a sharp negative or joyful reaction. The behavior of the individual is characterized by sharp laughter, tears, anger, tenderness and other feelings. Unfortunately, they appear only if the situation affects the personality of the egocentrist. When it comes to the problems (successes) of another person, the "hysteroid" remains indifferent to them.

The list of problems of this type of personality should include:

• lack of desire to overcome difficulties;
• inability to perform routine work;
• relationships in society;
• striving for the ideal.

The main problems of hysteroid personalities

Egocentric people, as a rule, do not know how to solve life's difficulties. Often they are faced with a problem, they understand that it will not be possible to quickly overcome it, and immediately lose interest in it. The same can be said about monotonous duties that oppress "hysteroids" and cause them negative emotions. Too frequent problems and routine activities often lead this type of personality to protracted, breakdown, apathy. This fact is explained by the protective reaction of the body (in particular, the nervous system) to stress or overstrain.

The problem of interpersonal relations deserves special attention. The considered type of personality does not have tact, restraint and modesty. On the contrary, he is too demonstrative, uncompromising, demanding, and this is a direct path to conflict. In a team, such people can become both a recognized leader and an outcast, whose society will be avoided. Family life rarely resembles an idyll, rather because of the constant nit-picking of the “hysteroid” than due to the shortcomings of the partner. A priori, egocentrists have few friends, because they do not accept the slightest contradiction in their views on life and other people.

Suicidal tendencies of "hysteroids"

The tendency of a person with a histrionic character to commit suicide is infrequently manifested. Such deviations are observed in adolescence, when hysteroid traits begin to form against the background of a hormonal surge. Often, suicide is another attempt to attract the attention of peers or parents to one's person. However, due to their inexperience, teenagers may not calculate their strength, which leads to tragic consequences.

In adulthood, the hysteroid type rarely resorts to suicide, as it is so narcissistic that it cannot harm itself. The desire to cross the line occurs only in depressive states, in particular, if the person remains misunderstood by society, rejected or wounded.

Decreased self-esteem, loss of authority among colleagues and relatives, humiliation from relatives - these are the main reasons to commit suicide.

Psychotherapy

Psychotherapy of people with hysterical personality

Pronounced forms of hysteria are usually classified as psychological diseases. To make a diagnosis, the regular nature of the manifestation of a personality disorder, coupled with three signs of a hysteroid type, is sufficient. Most often these include:

• egocentrism;
• extravagance in clothes;
• exaggeration of emotions, posturing, theatricality.

Psychotherapy of the hysteroid type of patients is carried out using special methods (cognitive, psychodynamic, psychoanalytic, group or individual). In the course of such treatment, it is important for the doctor to find out the cause of the person’s condition, eliminate it and teach the patient to independently cope with emotions. The doctor is constantly obliged to control the distance, since the "hysteroid" will surely try to shorten it, using all his charm and theatrical abilities.

Together with psychological methods, the use of medications, mainly sedatives, neuroleptics, anticonvulsants, and painkillers, is acceptable. The choice of a particular drug, as well as its dosage, is determined only by a specialist.

Reception of potent medicines is possible only with harmful psychological conditions (prolonged depression and stress).

The decisive step towards recovery and social adaptation of a hysteroid-type personality will be the realization of the cause of one's condition. Only constant control of feelings, experiences, behavior will allow you to cope with the problem, develop new outlooks on life and learn how to overcome difficulties. Hysterical personality disorder has a generally positive prognosis for recovery, but for this the patient and his doctor will have to make some effort.

Thus, an excessive manifestation of egocentrism indicates a hysteroid type of personality. It is characterized by increased emotionality, exactingness to the attention of others, striving for perfection. At the same time, the discrepancy between the expectations of the "hysteroid" and reality leads to conflicts, deterioration, as well as suicidal tendencies. It is important to recognize progressive hysteria in time, choose the right treatment and eliminate the cause of the deviations.

This type is described in many monographs and manuals and is included in a wide variety of systematics of psychopathy. His spiritual trait is boundless egocentrism, an insatiable thirst for constant attention to his person, admiration, surprise, reverence, sympathy.

At worst, even indignation or hatred of those around them is preferred, but not indifference and indifference - just not the prospect of going unnoticed (“thirsty for a higher rating” according to K-Schneider, 1923). All other qualities of the hysteroid feed on this trait. Suggestibility, which is often brought to the fore, is distinguished by its selectivity: nothing remains of it if the atmosphere of suggestion or the suggestion itself does not "pour water on the mill of egocentrism." Falsity and fantasizing are entirely aimed at embellishing one's person. The seeming emotionality in reality turns into a lack of deep sincere feelings with a great expression of emotions, theatricality, a tendency to drawing and posturing.

Hysteroid traits often appear from an early age. Such children cannot stand when others are praised in front of them, when others are given more attention. They get bored with toys quickly. The desire to attract eyes, listen to admiration and praise becomes an urgent need. They willingly read poetry in front of the audience, dance, sing, and many of them really show good artistic abilities. Academic success in the first grades is largely determined by whether they are set as an example to others.

With the onset of puberty, there is usually a sharpening of hysteroid traits. As is known, the picture of hysteria in adults has changed significantly in recent decades. Hysterical seizures, paralysis, etc., almost disappeared. They were replaced by less severe neurasthenic symptoms [Karvasarsky BD, Tupitsyn Yu. Ya., 1974; Karvasarsky B. D., 1980]. This also applies to adolescence. However, during this period, hysterical traits of character are manifested primarily in the characteristics of behavior, in adolescent behavioral reactions. In addition, the acceleration of physical development has significantly changed the previous idea of ​​the infantile gracefulness, fragility, and childishness of hysterical adolescents. Only with one of the options we have described (“labile hysteroids” - see p. 113) is it often necessary to meet a gracile appearance. In other cases, there may be no trace of it.

Among the behavioral manifestations of hysteria in adolescents, which serve as the reason for contacting a psychiatrist, suicidal demonstrations should be put in the first place - they caused referral to a teenage psychiatric clinic in 80% of cases of hysteroid psychopathy and character accentuations. The first suicidal demonstrations, according to our observations, in accelerated adolescents often fall at the age of 15-16 years. At the same time, only safe methods of “suicide” are chosen (cuts of the veins on the forearm, medicines from the home first aid kit) or calculated on the fact that a serious attempt will be warned by others (preparation for hanging, the image of an attempt to jump out of a window or throw yourself under a transport in front of those present and etc.). Abundant suicidal “signaling” often precedes or accompanies a demonstration: farewell notes are written, “secret” confessions are made to friends, “last words” are recorded on a tape recorder, etc.

As the reason that pushed the hysterical teenager to “suicide”, he himself most often calls “unsuccessful love”. However, it is usually possible to find out that this is just a romantic veil or just an invention aimed at “ennobling” one’s own

personality, to create an aura of exclusivity around him. The real reason is usually wounded pride, the loss of valuable attention for this teenager, the fear of falling in the eyes of others, especially peers, of losing the halo of the “chosen one”. Of course, rejected love, a breakup, and especially the appearance of a rival or rival deals a sensitive blow to the egocentrism of a hysterical teenager, if, moreover, all events unfold in front of friends and girlfriends (see Mikhail B., p. 18).

Another reason for a suicidal demonstration may be the need to get out of a dangerous situation, to avoid serious punishments, causing sympathy, pity, compassion.

The very same suicidal demonstration with the feelings of others, fuss, ambulance, curiosity of bystanders gives considerable satisfaction to hysteroid egocentrism.

In search of the real reasons for a suicidal demonstration, it is important to note where it is being performed, to whom it is addressed, whom it should pity, whose lost attention should be returned, who should be forced to make concessions or denigrate in the eyes of others. If, for example, a discord with a beloved is declared the cause, and the demonstration is carried out in such a way that she not only cannot see, but also cannot find out about her, but her mother becomes her first witness (Nikita B., p. 17), there is no doubt that it is in the relationship with the mother that the conflict lies. If the rejected love of a girl who lives in another city and no one here knows her is given as a reason, and a demonstration (an attempt to throw herself from the embankment into the canal in front of passers-by) takes place in front of the doors of her educational institution, a very prestigious one, then the inevitable threatening exclusion for failure. Parents, however, often play the role of a “scapegoat” for hysterical teenagers for the “disappointments” that befall them among their peers. In cases of hysteroid psychopathy, suicidal demonstrations can be repeated, especially if the previous ones were successful, they can turn into a kind of behavioral stamp, which is resorted to in various kinds of conflicts [Aleksandrov A. A., 1973]. Suicidal demonstrations are joined by the bravado of "playing with death" with a claim to gain a reputation as an exceptional person.

In addition to suicidal demonstrations, with the hysteroid type of psychopathy and accentuations, one also has to meet acute affective suicidal reactions, which are more frequent in labile hysteroids. Such affective reactions are also most often caused by blows to self-esteem, humiliation in the eyes of others, loss of hope for a special role, the prospect of rising in someone's eyes. Affective suicide attempts are usually saturated with elements of demonstrativeness, aimed at attracting everyone's attention. However, they are not only a performance - against the background of a strong affect, at some point, a true suicidal goal or a desire to entrust one's fate to the cause of chance (“come what may”) may flash. Against the background of affect, even in the absence of a true intention to die, the line of safe action can easily be crossed, and a demonstrative action by design can end in a completed suicide - such a force of affects is especially inherent in a mixed hystero-epileptoid type.

Characteristic of hysterical natures “escape to illness” in difficult situations, the image of mysterious unknown diseases sometimes acquires a new form among some teenage companies, for example, imitating Western “hippies”, expressed by the desire to get into a psychiatric hospital and thereby get a reputation for unusualness in such an environment. To achieve this goal, not only suicidal threats are used, but also playing the role of a drug addict and, finally, complaints gleaned from books on psychiatry, with all sorts of depersonalization-derealization symptoms, ideas of influence and cyclical mood swings being especially popular.

Alcoholization can also be purely demonstrative. Formed alcoholism in hysterical adolescents is quite rare, and usually in these situations there is a combination of hysteria with traits of another type. As a rule, hysterical teenagers drink a little, prefer mild degrees of intoxication, but they are not averse to boasting a huge amount of alcohol they have drunk, the ability to drink without getting drunk, or an exquisite selection of alcoholic beverages (“I only drink cognac and champagne,” said the 14-year-old hysterical teenager). However, according to our employee Yu. A. Strogonov, in asocial companies, where the ability to drink a lot causes “respect

nie", hysterical teenagers, wanting to give the impression that they can "outdrink everyone", become a victim of their claims and can really become addicted to alcohol. However, they are not inclined to portray an alcoholic as this role does not promise them either an aura of unusualness or greedily curious eyes.

The delinquency of hysterical adolescents is usually not serious in nature. We are talking about absenteeism, unwillingness to study and work, since the “gray life” does not satisfy them, and to occupy a prominent place in study or work that would amuse their pride, they lack neither ability nor perseverance. There are also clashes over defiant behavior in public places, pestering foreign tourists, noisy scandals. In more serious cases, one has to deal with fraud, forgery of checks or documents, deceit and theft of persons whom one has credibly crept into. Hysteroids avoid everything that is associated with gross "violence, robbery, burglary, risk, and, apparently, are relatively rare among criminal teenagers [Ozeretsky N. I., 1932; Mikhailova L. O., 1976].

Dojo runs can start from the first grades of school and even at preschool age. Usually they are caused by punishments that have taken place or are expected, or are due to one of the children's behavioral reactions - the reaction of the opposition. This reaction in children and adolescents is more often associated with the loss of former attention from loved ones. Having run away from home, they try to stay where they will be searched for, or draw the attention of the police to themselves so that they can be brought home or their parents are called, or, finally, in some indirect way they signal to their parents about their whereabouts. With age, shoots can become longer and acquire a romantic color. Their reasons are often the same as those that push for a suicidal demonstration - loss of attention, the collapse of hopes for an exalted position, the need to get out of history, which threatens with the inevitability of being ridiculed and thrown down from an honorary pedestal.

For example, after assuring his acquaintances that his parents were in a high position, and talking about the “luxurious” lifestyle of their family, a 16-year-old boy ran away to distant lands when the demands of his friends to invite him home became too insistent.

Hysteroid adolescents retain the features of childhood reactions of opposition, imitation, etc. Most often, one has to see the reaction of the opposition to the loss or decrease in the usual attention from relatives, to the loss of the role of a family idol. The manifestations of the reaction of the opposition can be the same as in childhood - "flight into the disease" or attempts to get rid of the one to whom attention has switched (for example, to force the mother to break up with the stepfather who has appeared), but more often this children's opposition reaction is manifested by behavioral disorders - suddenly begun drinking, theft, absenteeism, asocial companies are intended to signal to loved ones: “Give me back my old

attention and care, otherwise I will be lost!”

The reaction of imitation can determine a lot in the behavior of a hysterical teenager. Hysteroids are generally of little originality, and their entire life path is an imitation of someone, although this is done as discreetly as possible and is always passed off as “their own”. The model chosen for imitation by a hysterical teenager, first of all, should not obscure the imitating person herself. Therefore, for imitation, an abstract image or (more often) a person who is popular among adolescents, but does not have direct contact with this adolescent group (“fashion idol”) is chosen. Sometimes imitation is based on a collective image: in attempts for originality, the stunning statements of some, the unusual clothes of others, the defiant manner of behaving of others, etc., are reproduced.

The reaction of hypercompensation is less characteristic of hysteroids, as it is associated with perseverance and perseverance in achieving the goal, which the hysteroid nature just lacks. But the reaction of compensation is quite pronounced. One might think that it is this reaction that plays a significant role in the “cosmetic lies” characteristic of hysteroids, in fantasies that they make others believe and, if they do not believe themselves, then at least enjoy them.

The fictions of adolescent hysteroids differ sharply from the fantasies of schizoids. Hysterical fantasies are always intended for certain listeners and viewers, so they are changeable, taking into account their interests, tastes, situation. Hysterical teenagers easily get used to a fictional role and behave accordingly. Gennady U.

(p. 13) was taken to a teenage psychiatric clinic after he appeared at the state security agencies with a statement that he had been recruited by foreign intelligence, instructed him to blow up a factory, pointed to certain individuals as agents of this intelligence, etc. which, of course, was pure fiction.

Since the time of E. Kraepelin (1915), hysteroids prone to such myth-making are often singled out as a special group of psychopathic pseudologists or mythomaniacs. From our point of view, for adolescence, it is hardly justified to single out this special group, since fantasies and lies that adorn their own personality are characteristic of almost all hysterical adolescents. And even when inventions are the main thing in behavior, obscuring, it would seem, all other hysterical traits, all these stories always feed on the basis of the hysteroid character - insatiable egocentrism.

Adolescent behavioral reactions are also colored by this main hysterical feature. The reaction of emancipation can have violent external manifestations - runaways from home, conflicts with relatives and elders, loud demands for freedom and independence, etc. It can be clearly manifested during examination with the help of PDO. It can also be due to demonstrative non-conformism - the ostentatious denial of generally accepted norms of behavior, common ideals, views, tastes. However, in fact, the real need for freedom and independence is not at all characteristic of adolescents of this type - they do not at all want to get rid of the attention and cares of their loved ones. As a result, emancipatory aspirations often slip into the rails of the childish reaction of the opposition.

The reaction of grouping with peers is always associated with claims for leadership or, in any case, for an exclusive position in the group. Possessing neither sufficient stenicity, nor intrepid readiness at any moment to assert his command role by force, to subjugate others, the hysterical teenager strives for leadership in the ways available to him. Possessing a good intuitive sense of the mood of the group, still brewing in it and sometimes still unconscious desires and aspirations, hysteroids can be their first spokesmen, act as instigators and incendiaries. In a fit, in ecstasy, inspired by the looks turned on them, they can lead others, even show reckless courage. But they always turn out to be leaders for an hour - they give in to unexpected difficulties, they easily betray friends, deprived of admiring glances, they immediately lose all their enthusiasm. Most importantly, friends will soon recognize their inner emptiness behind external effects. This is carried out especially quickly when a leadership position is achieved in a different and more accessible way for a hysterical teenager - throwing "dust in the eye" with stories about their past successes and adventures. All this leads to the fact that hysterical teenagers are not inclined to stay too long in the same teenage group and willingly rush to another to start all over again. If you hear from a hysterical teenager that he is disappointed in his friends, there is no doubt that they have already figured him out.

In conditions of closed adolescent groups, for example, in closed adolescent institutions with a regulated regime, where an arbitrary change of company is difficult, in order to occupy an exceptional position, another path is sometimes chosen. Hysterical adolescents willingly accept leadership functions from adults - positions of elders, organizers of all kinds of events - in order to take the position of an intermediary between older and other adolescents and thereby strengthen their special position.

Hobbies are almost entirely concentrated in the field of the egocentric type of hobby. Only that which makes it possible to show off in front of others can captivate. If there are abilities, then amateur art opens up the greatest opportunities here. Those types of art are always preferred that are currently the most fashionable among adolescents of their circle (in our period - pop ensembles) or can amaze with their unusualness (for example, mime theater). It was impossible not to notice among adolescents in the 60-70s the low popularity of drama circles and the falling popularity of dance ensembles. Sometimes your favorite hobbies, at first glance, do not belong to egocentric hobbies. However, in fact, it turns out that the enthusiastic lesson in a foreign language, which usually comes down to mastering the most common dialogues, is undertaken in order to flash a conversation with foreign tourists in front of friends, and the passion for philosophy is limited to the most superficial acquaintance with fashionable philosophical currents and is again intended to with his knowledge to impress the appropriate environment. The imitation of yogis and hippies is particularly fertile ground in this respect. Even the collected collections can serve the same purpose - to show off with them for foreign sailing, ”but he immediately defiantly declared that the“ colony spot ”ruined his life - they wouldn’t take him anywhere to a“ decent place ”. Education in vocational schools specializing in radio engineering considers unworthy for himself. He says that he is fond of modern pop music, quickly names several fashionable things and ensembles, but his knowledge here is superficial: apparently, he was more busy speculating on tape recordings than music itself.