The story of the stationmaster's daughter told by herself. A.S. Pushkin "Tales of the late I.P. Belkin." The story "The Station Agent". Iroki series "The Story of the Prodigal Daughter". What makes you think

Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin is one of the most widely read authors. All our compatriots, young and old, know his name. His works are read everywhere. This is truly a great writer. And perhaps his books are worth studying more deeply. For example, the same “Tales of the late Ivan Petrovich Belkin” are simple only at first glance. Let's consider one of them, namely “The Station Agent” - a story about how important it is to realize in time the importance of people dear to your heart.

In 1830, Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin went to Boldino to solve some financial problems. He was about to return, but deadly cholera had spread greatly in Russia at that time, and his return had to be postponed for a long time. This period of development of his talent is called the Boldino autumn. During this time, some of the best works were written, including a cycle of stories called “Tales of the late Ivan Petrovich Belkin,” consisting of five works, one of which is “The Station Warden.” Its author finished on September 14th.

During his forced imprisonment, Pushkin suffered from separation from another lady of his heart, so his muse was sad and often put him in a sad mood. Perhaps the very atmosphere of autumn – the time of withering and nostalgia – contributed to the creation of “The Station Agent”. The main character faded as quickly as a leaf dropped from a branch.

Genre and direction

Pushkin himself calls his work “stories,” although essentially each of them is a small novel. Why did he call them that? Alexander Sergeevich answered: “Stories and novels are read by everyone, everywhere” - that is, he did not see much difference between them, and made a choice in favor of the smaller epic genre, as if pointing to the modest volume of the work.

The separate story “The Station Agent” lays the foundations of realism. A hero is a very real hero who could have been encountered in reality at that time. This is the first work in which the theme of the “little man” is raised. It is here that Pushkin first talks about how this unnoticed subject lives.

Composition

The structure of the story “The Station Agent” allows the reader to look at the world through the eyes of the narrator, in whose words the personality of Pushkin himself is hidden.

1. The story begins with a lyrical digression of the writer, where he abstractly talks about the thankless profession of a station superintendent, who is humiliated by his duty. It is in such positions that the characters of little people are formed.
2. The main part consists of conversations between the author and the main character: he arrives and learns the latest news about his life. The first visit is an introduction. The second is the main plot twist and climax when he learns about Dunya's fate.
3. Something like an epilogue represents his last visit to the station, when Samson Vyrin was already dead. It reports his daughter's repentance

About what?

The story “The Station Warden” begins with a short digression, where the author talks about what a humiliating position this is. Nobody pays attention to these people, they are “shooed”, sometimes even beaten. No one ever simply says “thank you” to them, but they are often very interesting interlocutors who can tell a lot.

Then the author talks about Samson Vyrin. He holds the position of stationmaster. The narrator ends up at his station by accident. There he meets the caretaker himself and his daughter Dunya (she is 14 years old). The guest notes that the girl is very pretty. A couple of years later, the hero again finds himself at that same station. During this visit we learn the essence of “The Station Agent”. He meets Vyrin again, but his daughter is nowhere to be seen. Later, from the father’s story, it becomes clear that one day a hussar stopped at the station, and due to illness he had to stay there for some time. Dunya constantly looked after him. Soon the guest recovered and began to get ready for the journey. As a farewell, he offered to take his nurse to church, but she never came back. Later, Samson Vyrin learns that the young man was not sick at all, he was pretending to deceive the girl and take her with him to St. Petersburg. The ranger goes to the city on foot and tries to find the deceiving hussar there. Having found him, he asks to return Dunya to him and not disgrace him anymore, but he refuses him. Later, the unfortunate parent finds the house in which the kidnapper is keeping his daughter. He sees her, dressed richly, and admires her. When the heroine raises her head and sees her father, she gets scared and falls on the carpet, and the hussar drives the poor old man away. After that, the caretaker never saw his daughter again.

After some time, the author again finds himself at the station of the good Samson Vyrin. He learns that the station has been disbanded and the poor old man has died. Now a brewer and his wife live in his house, who sends her son to show where the former caretaker is buried. From the boy the narrator learns that some time ago a rich lady with children came to the city. She also asked about Samson, and when she learned that he had died, she cried for a long time, lying on his grave. Dunya repented, but it was too late.

Main characters

1. Samson Vyrin is a kind and sociable old man of about 50 who dotes on his daughter. She protects him from beatings and abuse from visitors. When they see her, they always behave calmly and friendly. At the first meeting, Samson looks like a sympathetic and timid man who is content with little and lives only with love for his child. He doesn’t need either wealth or fame, as long as his dear Dunyasha is nearby. At the next meeting, he is already a flabby old man who seeks solace in a bottle. His daughter's escape broke his personality. The image of the stationmaster is a textbook example of a small person who is unable to withstand circumstances. He is not outstanding, not strong, not smart, he is just an ordinary person with a kind heart and a gentle disposition - that is his characteristic. The merit of the author is that he was able to give an interesting description of the most ordinary type, to find drama and tragedy in his modest life.
2. Dunya is a young girl. She leaves her father and leaves with the hussar not out of selfish or unkind motives. The girl loves her parent, but out of naivety she trusts the man. Like any young woman, she is attracted by a great feeling. She follows him, forgetting everything. At the end of the story we see that she is worried about the death of her lonely father, she is ashamed. But what has been done cannot be undone, and now she, already a mother, cries at her parent’s grave, regretting that she did this to him. Years later, Dunya remains the same sweet and caring beauty, whose appearance is not affected by the tragic story of the station superintendent’s daughter. All the pain of separation was absorbed by her father, who never saw his grandchildren.

Subject

• In "The Station Agent" he first rises "little man" theme. This is a hero whom no one notices, but who has a big soul. From the author's story we see that he is often scolded for no reason, sometimes even beaten. He is not considered a person, he is a lower level, service staff. But in fact, this resigned old man is infinitely kind. No matter what, he is always ready to offer travelers overnight accommodation and dinner. He allows the hussar, who wanted to beat him and was stopped by Dunya, to stay with him for a few days, calls him a doctor, and feeds him. Even when his daughter betrays him, he is still ready to forgive her everything and accept any of her back.
• Love theme is also revealed in a unique way in the story. First of all, this is the feeling of a parent for a child, which even time, resentment and separation are powerless to shake. Samson loves Dunya recklessly, runs to save her on foot, searches and does not give up, although no one expected such courage from a timid and downtrodden servant. For her sake, he is ready to endure rudeness and beatings, and only after making sure that his daughter had made a choice in favor of wealth, he gave up and thought that she no longer needed her poor father. Another aspect is the passion of the young charmer and the hussar. At first, the reader was worried about the fate of a provincial girl in the city: she really could have been deceived and dishonored. But in the end it turns out that the casual relationship turned into a marriage. Love is the main theme in “The Station Agent,” since it was this feeling that became both the cause of all troubles and the antidote to them, which was not delivered in a timely manner.

Issues

Pushkin raises moral problems in his work. Succumbing to a fleeting feeling, not supported by anything, Dunya leaves her father and follows the hussar into the unknown. She allows herself to become his mistress, she knows what she is getting into and still does not stop. Here the ending turns out to be happy, the hussar still takes the girl as his wife, but even in those days this was rare. Nevertheless, even for the sake of the prospect of a marriage union, it was not worth renouncing one family while building another. The girl's fiancé behaved unacceptably rudely; it was he who made her an orphan. They both easily stepped over the little man's grief.

Against the background of Dunya’s act, the problem of loneliness and the problem of fathers and children develop. From the moment the girl left her father's house, she never visited her father, although she knew in what conditions he lived, she never wrote to him. In pursuit of personal happiness, she completely forgot about the man who loved her, raised her and was ready to forgive literally everything. This still happens today. And in the modern world, children leave and forget their parents. Having escaped from the nest, they try to “get out into the world”, achieve goals, chase material success and do not remember those who gave them the most important thing - life. Many parents live the same fate as Samson Vyrin, abandoned and forgotten by their children. Of course, after a while, young people remember their family, and it’s good if it turns out it’s not too late to meet them. Dunya didn’t make it to the meeting.

the main idea

The idea of ​​the “Station Agent” is still vital and relevant: even a small person must be treated with respect. You cannot measure people by rank, class or ability to offend others. The hussar, for example, judged those around him by their strength and position, so he caused such grief to his own wife and his own children, depriving them of their father and grandfather. With his behavior, he alienated and humiliated someone who could have become his support in family life. Also, the main idea of ​​the work is a call for us to take care of our loved ones and not put off reconciliation until tomorrow. Time is fleeting and can deprive us of the chance to correct our mistakes.

If you look at the meaning of the story “The Station Agent” more globally, we can conclude that Pushkin opposes social inequality, which became the cornerstone of relationships between people of that time.

What makes you think?

Pushkin also forces careless children to think about their old people, gives them instructions not to forget their parents and to be grateful to them. Family is the most valuable thing in every person’s life. She is the one who is ready to forgive us everything, accept us in any way, console us and calm us down in difficult times. Parents are the most devoted people. They give us everything and ask for nothing in return except love and a little attention and care on our part.

Interesting? Save it on your wall!

“The Station Agent” is one of the stories included in the famous work of A.S. Pushkin "Tales of the late Ivan Petrovich Belkin." In “The Station Warden,” the author introduces us to the difficult, joyless life of ordinary people, namely station guards, during the times of serfdom. Pushkin draws the reader’s attention to the fact that in the outwardly stupid and ingenuous performance of their duties by these people lies hard, often thankless work, full of troubles and worries.

When we first met Samson Vyrin, he looked “fresh and cheerful.” Despite the hard work and the often rude and unfair treatment of those passing by, he is not embittered and sociable.

However, how can grief change a person!...

In his story, the narrator introduced slightly modified poems by the poet’s friend Pyotr Vyazemsky “Kaluga registrar, / Postal station dictator...”. Further getting acquainted with the story, we understand that deep irony is hidden behind these words. The author encourages his reader to fill his heart with sincere compassion instead of indignation. The storyteller, who traveled many roads and knew almost all the caretakers by sight, can be trusted. The author is interested in these people with a kind heart, kindness, and amazing ability to conduct conversations, which the writer often prefers to the speeches of some sixth-grade official.

Indeed, the words of Prince Vyazemsky sound very ironic against the background of Pushkin’s ideas.

The narrator admits with pride that he has friends from the venerable class of caretakers, and the memory of one of them is especially precious to him, and this precious memory takes him back to May 1816.

The narrator, a young man of minor rank, came to the station to rest, change horses and change clothes after the rain. The traveler was struck by the beauty of the caretaker's daughter Dunya, a fourteen-year-old girl, and her big blue eyes; she exhibits the manners of a girl of noble birth. According to her father, Dunya is intelligent, agile - just like a dead mother. The narrator also notices narcissism and a desire to please the guest in Luni’s behavior; he calls the girl a little coquette.

In 1816, in the month of May, I happened to be driving through the *** province, along a highway that has now been destroyed.

I see, as now, the owner himself, a man of about fifty, fresh and cheerful, and his long green coat with three medals on faded ribbons.

Before I had time to pay my old coachman, Dunya returned with a samovar. The little coquette noticed at second glance the impression she made on me; she lowered her big blue eyes; I began to talk to her, she answered me without any timidity, like a girl who has seen the light. I offered my father her glass of punch; I served Duna a cup of tea, and the three of us began talking as if we had known each other for centuries.

Dunya even allowed him to kiss her cheek in the hallway. Undoubtedly, the narrator is a kind, sincere, attentive person, he is touched by the decor of the room where these kind people live, pots of balsam, a bed with a colorful curtain, as well as pictures on the walls depicting the story of the prodigal son. The narrator described in detail the plot of these pictures about the young man , who knew sadness and repentance and returned to his father after a long wandering. They seem to hint at the future story of the prodigal daughter - the heroine of the story, and the honorable old man in a cap and dressing gown resembles the caretaker himself.

In the story, the narrator visits the postal station three times. The first and second visits have a lot in common. The narrator sees the same post house, enters a room with pictures on the wall, the table and bed are in the same places, but this is only the external similarity of both arrivals. There is no Dunya, and therefore everything familiar is seen differently.

The caretaker slept under a sheepskin coat; my arrival woke him up; he stood up... It was definitely Samson Vyrin; but how he has aged! While he was getting ready to rewrite my travel document, I looked at his gray hair, at the deep wrinkles of his long-unshaven face, at his hunched back - and could not marvel at how three or four years could turn a vigorous man into a frail old man.

Pay attention to a very characteristic detail: “the caretaker slept under a sheepskin coat.” She emphasizes how neglected Vyrin is. The sickness and decrepitude of the caretaker is emphasized by another detail. Compare the first time: “Here he began to rewrite my travel document.” That is, he immediately began to fulfill his official duty. On the second visit:

While he was getting ready to rewrite my travel document, I looked at his gray hair, at the deep wrinkles of his long-unshaven face, at his hunched back - and could not marvel at how three or four years could turn a vigorous man into a frail old man...

The caretaker hesitates like an old man, with difficulty deciphering what is written, pronounces the words out loud in an old man’s whisper - before us is the bitter story of the extinction of one broken life.

The caretaker tells the story of Captain Minsky's appearance at the station.

When talking with the caretaker, he demanded horses rather, “he raised his voice and his whip,” and only Dunya’s affectionate address to the hussar dispelled his anger. The hussar became better, agreed to wait for the horses and even ordered dinner for himself. The captain began to talk cheerfully with the caretaker and his daughter. Minsky, wanting to stay longer at the station, called in sick and even bribed a doctor to do so.

Samson Vyrin and Dunya sincerely believe in Minsky’s illness, they did not even pay attention to the fact that the patient drank two cups of coffee and ordered lunch, drank a mug of lemonade and ate with great appetite with the doctor and also drank a bottle of wine.

Samson Vyrin is a kind and trusting little man, he is convinced of Minsky’s decency and unwittingly lets his daughter go when the hussar offers to take her to the church (Fig. 1).

Rice. 1. Illustration by M. Dobuzhinsky for “The Station Agent” ()

The hussar was given a wagon. He said goodbye to the caretaker, generously rewarding him for his stay and refreshments; He said goodbye to Dunya and volunteered to take her to the church, which was located on the edge of the village. Dunya stood in bewilderment... “What are you afraid of?” her father told her; “After all, his nobility is not a wolf and will not eat you: take a ride to the church.” Dunya sat down in the wagon next to the hussar, the servant jumped onto the handle, the coachman whistled and the horses galloped off.

The caretaker felt guilty. The poor caretaker did not understand how he could allow his Duna to ride with the hussar:

How blindness came over him, and what happened to his mind then. Less than half an hour had passed when his heart began to ache and ache, and anxiety took possession of him to such an extent that he could not stand it and went to mass himself. Approaching the church, he saw that the people were already leaving, but Dunya was neither in the fence nor on the porch. He hurriedly entered the church; the priest came out of the altar; the sexton was extinguishing the candles, two old women were still praying in the corner; but Dunya was not in the church. The poor father decided to forcefully ask the sexton whether she had attended mass. The sexton replied that she had not been. The caretaker went home neither alive nor dead. There was only one hope left for him: Dunya, in the frivolity of her young years, decided, perhaps, to take a ride to the next station, where her godmother lived. In painful anxiety he awaited the return of the troika on which he had let her go. The coachman did not return. Finally, in the evening, he arrived alone and drunk, with the murderous news: “Dunya from that station went further with the hussar.”

The old man could not bear his misfortune; he immediately went to bed in the same bed where the young deceiver had lain the day before. Now the caretaker, considering all the circumstances, guessed that the illness was feigned. The poor man fell ill with a severe fever...

The driver who was driving him said that Dunya cried all the way, although it seemed that she was driving of her own accord.

The caretaker begins to fight for his daughter. He goes on foot in search of Dunya and hopes to bring home his lost sheep. Minsky, having met the caretaker in the hallway, does not stand on ceremony with him, explaining that Dunya will be happy with him, paid off Vyrin with money, which he later threw away. The second time, the captain’s servant explained to Vyrin that “the master doesn’t accept anyone, he pushed him out of the hall with his chest and slammed the door in his face.” When Vyrin dared to demand his daughter from Minsky for the third time, the hussar pushed him onto the stairs. Minsky truly loves Dunya: he surrounds her with attention and luxury. And Dunya loves her captor: with what tenderness she looked at Minsky, at his matte black curls (Fig. 2)!

Rice. 2. Illustration by M. Dobuzhinsky for the story by A.S. Pushkin "Station Warden" ()

Dunya became a rich lady, but this made her father’s life even more miserable. The poor man remained a poor man. But that's not the main thing. What is much worse is that his human dignity was insulted and trampled upon.

The story ends sadly. Years have passed, the narrator specially comes to the station to see the caretaker, but he has already drunk himself and died.

Is the memory of Samson Vyrin still alive among people? Yes, people remember him, they know where his grave is, the owner’s boy Vanka learned from the caretaker how to carve pipes. Samson Vyrin often played with children and gave them nuts.

The narrator learns that Duna later repented; she came to her father, but found only his grave. Yes, she became a rich lady, she has three children, but Dunya violated one of the commandments: “honor your father and mother” and suffers greatly from this. The fate of the girl makes us think about responsibility for our actions to people close to us (Fig. 3).

Rice. 3. Illustration by M.V. Dobuzhinsky to the story by A.S. Pushkin "Station Warden" ()

What are the similarities and differences between the story of Dunya and the prodigal son from the biblical parable?

The prodigal son repented and was forgiven, Dunya also repented, but it was too late: her father died, she did not receive forgiveness from him, and her fate was all the more bitter.

Read the story “The Station Warden” by Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin.

What is it about?

About deep fatherly love, about daughterly ingratitude. This story is about how it is difficult for a poor person to compete with the rich and powerful, oh little man, who retained her dignity, is about the belated repentance of the prodigal daughter, who will live with a sense of guilt before her father.

SMALL MAN is a type of literary hero in Russian literature that arose in the twenties and thirties of the nineteenth century. The first image of the “little man” was Samson Vyrin from the story “The Station Warden” by Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin. A “little man” is a person of low social status and origin, not gifted with outstanding abilities, not distinguished by strength of character, but at the same time kind, does no harm to anyone, and is harmless. A.S. Pushkin, creating the image of the “little man,” wanted to remind readers who were accustomed to admiring romantic heroes that the most ordinary person is also worthy of sympathy, attention and support.

Bibliography

1. Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin performed by masters of artistic expression/Collection/MP3-CD. - M.: ARDIS-CONSULT, 2009.
2. V. Voevodin. The Tale of Pushkin. - M.: Children's literature, 1955.
3. Literature. 6th grade. At 2 o'clock / [V.P. Polukhina, V.Ya. Korovina, V.P. Zhuravlev, V.I. Korovin]; edited by V.Ya. Korovina. - M., 2013.
4. Pushkin A.S. Belkin's stories. - M.: Ripol Classic, 2010.

1. Librusec. A lot of books. "Everything is ours." What to read about Pushkin A.S. [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: ().
2. All explanatory dictionaries of the Russian language in a single rubricator. [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: ().
3. “Encyclopedia of Russian Painting” [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: ().
4. Electronic publications of the Institute of Russian Literature (Pushkin House) RAS. Pushkin's office [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: ().

Homework

1. Vocabulary work. In the story “The Station Agent” there are outdated words and expressions, the meaning of which must be known to understand the meaning of the work. Using an explanatory dictionary of the Russian language and comments to the work, write down the meaning of these words:

   Collegiate Registrar -

   Clerk -

   Courier -

   Podorozhnaya -

   On transfer bars -

   Runs -

Retell the story of Samson Vyrin (optional)

A. on behalf of Hussar Minsky;

College Registrar,
Postal station dictator.


Prince Vyazemsky.


Who hasn’t cursed the stationmasters, who hasn’t sworn at them? Who, in a moment of anger, did not demand from them a fatal book in order to write into it his useless complaint about oppression, rudeness and malfunction? Who does not consider them monsters of the human race, equal to the late clerks or, at least, the Murom robbers? Let us, however, be fair, we will try to put ourselves in their position and, perhaps, we will begin to judge them much more leniently. What is a stationmaster? A real martyr of the fourteenth grade, protected by his rank only from beatings, and even then not always (I refer to the conscience of my readers). What is the position of this dictator, as Prince Vyazemsky jokingly calls him? Isn't this real hard labor? I have peace neither day nor night. The traveler takes out all the frustration accumulated during a boring ride on the caretaker. The weather is unbearable, the road is bad, the driver is stubborn, the horses are not moving - and the caretaker is to blame. Entering his poor home, a traveler looks at him as if he were an enemy; it would be good if he managed to get rid of the uninvited guest soon; but if the horses don’t happen?.. God! what curses, what threats will rain down on his head! In the rain and slush, he is forced to run around the yards; in a storm, in the Epiphany frost, he goes into the entryway, just to rest for a minute from the screams and pushes of an irritated guest. The general arrives; the trembling caretaker gives him the last two threes, including the courier one. The general leaves without saying thank you. Five minutes later - the bell rings!.. and the courier throws his travel document on his table!.. Let's look into all this carefully, and instead of indignation, our hearts will be filled with sincere compassion. A few more words: for twenty years in a row I traveled across Russia in all directions; I know almost all postal routes; I know several generations of coachmen; I don’t know a rare caretaker by sight, I haven’t dealt with a rare one; I hope to publish a curious stock of my travel observations in a short time; For now I will only say that the class of stationmasters is presented to the general opinion in the most false form. These much-maligned caretakers are generally peaceful people, naturally helpful, inclined towards community, modest in their claims to honor and not too money-loving. From their conversations (which are inappropriately neglected by gentlemen passing by) one can glean a lot of interesting and instructive things. As for me, I confess that I prefer their conversation to the speeches of some 6th class official traveling on official business. You can easily guess that I have friends from the venerable class of caretakers. Indeed, the memory of one of them is precious to me. Circumstances once brought us closer together, and this is what I now intend to talk about with my dear readers. In 1816, in the month of May, I happened to be driving through the *** province, along a highway that has now been destroyed. I was in a minor rank, rode on carriages and paid fees for two horses. As a result of this, the caretakers did not stand on ceremony with me, and I often took in battle what, in my opinion, was rightfully due me. Being young and hot-tempered, I was indignant at the baseness and cowardice of the caretaker when this latter gave the troika he had prepared for me under the carriage of the official master. It took me just as long to get used to having a picky servant hand me a dish at the governor’s dinner. Nowadays both seem to me to be in the order of things. In fact, what would happen to us if instead of the generally convenient rule: honor the rank of rank, something else came into use, for example, honor your mind? What controversy would arise! and who would the servants start serving the food with? But I turn to my story. The day was hot. Three miles from the station it began to drizzle, and a minute later the pouring rain soaked me to the last thread. Upon arrival at the station, the first concern was to quickly change clothes, the second was to ask myself some tea, “Hey, Dunya! - the caretaker shouted, “put on the samovar and go get some cream.” At these words, a girl of about fourteen came out from behind the partition and ran into the hallway. Her beauty amazed me. “Is this your daughter?” - I asked the caretaker. “Daughter, sir,” he answered with an air of satisfied pride, “she’s so intelligent, so nimble, she looks like a dead mother.” Then he began to copy out my travel document, and I began to look at the pictures that decorated his humble but neat abode. They depicted the story of the prodigal son: in the first, a respectable old man in a cap and dressing gown releases a restless young man, who hastily accepts his blessing and a bag of money. Another vividly depicts the depraved behavior of a young man: he sits at a table, surrounded by false friends and shameless women. Further, a squandered young man, in rags and a three-cornered hat, tends pigs and shares a meal with them; his face shows deep sadness and remorse. Finally, his return to his father is presented; a kind old man in the same cap and dressing gown runs out to meet him: the prodigal son is on his knees; in the future, the cook kills a well-fed calf, and the elder brother asks the servants about the reason for such joy. Under each picture I read decent German poetry. All this has been preserved in my memory to this day, as well as pots with balsam, and a bed with a colorful curtain, and other objects that surrounded me at that time. I see, as now, the owner himself, a man of about fifty, fresh and cheerful, and his long green frock coat with three medals on faded ribbons. Before I had time to pay my old coachman, Dunya returned with a samovar. The little coquette noticed at second glance the impression she made on me; she lowered her big blue eyes; I began to talk to her, she answered me without any timidity, like a girl who has seen the light. I offered my father her glass of punch; I served Duna a cup of tea, and the three of us began talking as if we had known each other for centuries. The horses were ready a long time ago, but I still didn’t want to part with the caretaker and his daughter. Finally I said goodbye to them; my father wished me a good journey, and my daughter accompanied me to the cart. In the entryway I stopped and asked her permission to kiss her; Dunya agreed... I can count a lot of kisses,

Since I've been doing this,


But none of them left such a long, such a pleasant memory in me.

Several years passed, and circumstances led me to that very road, to those very places. I remembered the old caretaker's daughter and rejoiced at the thought that I would see her again. But, I thought, the old caretaker may have already been replaced; Dunya is probably already married. The thought of the death of one or the other also flashed through my mind, and I approached the *** station with a sad premonition. The horses stopped at the post house. Entering the room, I immediately recognized the pictures depicting the story of the prodigal son; the table and bed were in the same places; but there were no longer flowers on the windows, and everything around showed disrepair and neglect. The caretaker slept under a sheepskin coat; my arrival woke him up; he stood up... It was definitely Samson Vyrin; but how he has aged! While he was getting ready to rewrite my travel document, I looked at his gray hair, at the deep wrinkles of his long-unshaven face, at his hunched back - and could not marvel at how three or four years could turn a vigorous man into a frail old man. “Did you recognize me? — I asked him, “you and I are old acquaintances.” “It may be,” he answered gloomily, “there is a big road here; many travelers visited me.” - “Is your Dunya healthy?” - I continued. The old man frowned. “God knows,” he answered. - “So apparently she’s married?” - I said. The old man pretended not to hear my question and continued to read my travel document in a whisper. I stopped my questions and ordered the kettle to be put on. Curiosity began to bother me, and I hoped that the punch would resolve the language of my old acquaintance. I was not mistaken: the old man did not refuse the offered glass. I noticed that the rum cleared up his sullenness. During the second glass he became talkative: he remembered or showed the appearance that he remembered me, and I learned from him a story that at that time greatly interested and touched me. “So you knew my Dunya? - he began. - Who didn’t know her? Ah, Dunya, Dunya! What a girl she was! It happened that whoever passed by, everyone would praise, no one would judge. The ladies gave it as a gift, sometimes with a handkerchief, sometimes with earrings. Gentlemen passing by deliberately stopped, as if to have lunch or dinner, but in fact only to take a closer look at her. Sometimes the master, no matter how angry he was, would calm down in her presence and talk kindly to me. Believe it, sir: couriers and couriers talked to her for half an hour. She kept the house going: she kept up with everything, what to clean, what to cook. And I, the old fool, can’t get enough of it; Didn’t I really love my Dunya, didn’t I cherish my child; Did she really have no life? No, you can’t get away from trouble; what is destined cannot be avoided.” Then he began to tell me in detail his grief. “Three years ago, one winter evening, when the caretaker was lining a new book, and his daughter was sewing a dress for herself behind the partition, a troika drove up, and a traveler in a Circassian hat, in a military overcoat, wrapped in a shawl, entered the room, demanding horses. The horses were all in full speed. At this news the traveler raised his voice and his whip; but Dunya, accustomed to such scenes, ran out from behind the partition and affectionately turned to the traveler with the question: would he like to have something to eat? Dunya's appearance had its usual effect. The passerby's anger passed; he agreed to wait for the horses and ordered himself dinner. Taking off his wet, shaggy hat, unraveling his shawl and pulling off his overcoat, the traveler appeared as a young, slender hussar with a black mustache. He settled down with the caretaker and began to talk cheerfully with him and his daughter. They served dinner. Meanwhile, the horses arrived, and the caretaker ordered that they immediately, without feeding, be harnessed to the traveler’s wagon; but when he returned, he found a young man almost unconscious lying on a bench: he felt sick, his head ached, it was impossible to go... What to do! the caretaker gave him his bed, and it was supposed, if the patient did not feel better, to send to S*** for a doctor the next morning. The next day the hussar became worse. His man went on horseback to the city to get a doctor. Dunya tied a scarf soaked in vinegar around his head and sat down with her sewing by his bed. The patient groaned in front of the caretaker and did not say almost a word, but he drank two cups of coffee and, groaning, ordered himself lunch. Dunya did not leave his side. He constantly asked for a drink, and Dunya brought him a mug of lemonade she had prepared. The sick man wet his lips and each time he returned the mug, as a sign of gratitude, he shook Dunyushka’s hand with his weak hand. The doctor arrived at lunchtime. He felt the patient’s pulse, spoke to him in German, and announced in Russian that all he needed was peace and that in two days he would be able to hit the road. The hussar gave him twenty-five rubles for the visit and invited him to dinner; the doctor agreed; They both ate with great appetite, drank a bottle of wine and parted very pleased with each other. Another day passed, and the hussar completely recovered. He was extremely cheerful, joked incessantly, first with Dunya, then with the caretaker; he whistled songs, talked with passers-by, wrote down their travel information in the postal book, and became so fond of the kind caretaker that on the third morning he was sorry to part with his kind guest. The day was Sunday; Dunya was getting ready for mass. The hussar was given a wagon. He said goodbye to the caretaker, generously rewarding him for his stay and refreshments; He said goodbye to Dunya and volunteered to take her to the church, which was located on the edge of the village. Dunya stood in bewilderment... “What are you afraid of? - her father said to her, “after all, his high nobility is not a wolf and will not eat you: take a ride to the church.” Dunya sat down in the wagon next to the hussar, the servant jumped onto the handle, the coachman whistled, and the horses galloped off. The poor caretaker did not understand how he could allow his Duna to ride with the hussar, how blindness came over him, and what happened to his mind then. Less than half an hour had passed when his heart began to ache and ache, and anxiety took possession of him to such an extent that he could not resist and went to mass himself. Approaching the church, he saw that the people were already leaving, but Dunya was neither in the fence nor on the porch. He hastily entered the church: the priest was leaving the altar; the sexton was extinguishing the candles, two old women were still praying in the corner; but Dunya was not in the church. The poor father forcibly decided to ask the sexton whether she had attended mass. The sexton replied that she had not been. The caretaker went home neither alive nor dead. There was only one hope left for him: Dunya, in the frivolity of her young years, decided, perhaps, to take a ride to the next station, where her godmother lived. In painful anxiety he awaited the return of the troika on which he had let her go. The coachman did not return. Finally, in the evening, he arrived alone and drunk, with the murderous news: “Dunya from that station went further with the hussar.” The old man could not bear his misfortune; he immediately went to bed in the same bed where the young deceiver had lain the day before. Now the caretaker, considering all the circumstances, guessed that the illness was feigned. The poor man fell ill with a severe fever; he was taken to S*** and someone else was assigned to his place for the time being. The same doctor who came to the hussar also treated him. He assured the caretaker that the young man was completely healthy and that at that time he still guessed about his evil intention, but remained silent, fearing his whip. Whether the German was telling the truth or just wanting to show off his foresight, he did not console the poor patient in the least. Having barely recovered from his illness, the caretaker asked S*** the postmaster for leave for two months and, without telling anyone a word about his intention, he set off on foot to fetch his daughter. From the road station he knew that Captain Minsky was traveling from Smolensk to St. Petersburg. The driver who was driving him said that Dunya cried all the way, although it seemed that she was driving of her own accord. “Perhaps,” thought the caretaker, “I’ll bring my lost sheep home.” With this thought in mind, he arrived in St. Petersburg, stopped at the Izmailovsky regiment, in the house of a retired non-commissioned officer, his old colleague, and began his search. He soon learned that Captain Minsky was in St. Petersburg and lived in the Demutov tavern. The caretaker decided to come to him. Early in the morning he came to his hallway and asked him to report to his nobility that the old soldier was asking to see him. The military footman, cleaning his boot on the last, announced that the master was resting and that he would not receive anyone before eleven o'clock. The caretaker left and returned at the appointed time. Minsky himself came out to him in a dressing gown and a red skufia. “What do you want, brother?” - he asked him. The old man’s heart began to boil, tears welled up in his eyes, and in a trembling voice he said only: “Your Honor!.. do such a divine favor!..” Minsky looked at him quickly, flushed, took him by the hand, led him into the office and locked him behind him. door. “Your Honor! - continued the old man, - what fell from the cart is gone: at least give me my poor Dunya. After all, you were amused by her; Don’t destroy her in vain.” “What has been done cannot be undone,” said the young man in extreme confusion, “I am guilty before you and am glad to ask you for forgiveness; but don’t think that I could leave Dunya: she will be happy, I give you my word of honor. Why do you need it? She loves Me; she was unaccustomed to her previous state. Neither you nor she will forget what happened.” Then, putting something down his sleeve, he opened the door, and the caretaker, without remembering how, found himself on the street. He stood motionless for a long time, and finally saw a bundle of papers behind the cuff of his sleeve; he took them out and unfolded several crumpled five- and ten-ruble banknotes. Tears welled up in his eyes again, tears of indignation! He squeezed the pieces of paper into a ball, threw them on the ground, stamped his heel and walked away... After walking a few steps, he stopped, thought... and turned back... but the banknotes were no longer there. A well-dressed young man, seeing him, ran up to the cab driver, sat down hastily and shouted: “Get off!..” The caretaker did not chase him. He decided to go home to his station, but first he wanted to see his poor Dunya at least once again. For this purpose, two days later he returned to Minsky; but the military footman told him sternly that the master did not accept anyone, pushed him out of the hall with his chest and slammed the doors in his face. The caretaker stood, stood, and then went. On this very day, in the evening, he walked along Liteinaya, having served a prayer service for All Who Sorrow. Suddenly a smart droshky raced in front of him, and the caretaker recognized Minsky. The droshky stopped in front of a three-story house, right at the entrance, and the hussar ran onto the porch. A happy thought flashed through the mind of the caretaker. He returned and, drawing level with the coachman: “Whose horse, brother? — he asked, “isn’t it Minsky?” “Exactly so,” answered the coachman, “what do you want?” - “Well, here’s the thing: your master ordered me to take a note to his Dunya, and I’ll forget where his Dunya lives.” - “Yes, right here, on the second floor. You are late, brother, with your note; now he’s with her.” “There’s no need,” the caretaker objected with an inexplicable movement of his heart, “thanks for the advice, and I’ll do my job.” And with that word he walked up the stairs. The doors were locked; he called, several seconds passed in painful anticipation. The key rattled and it was opened for him. “Is Avdotya Samsonovna standing here?” - he asked. “Here,” answered the young maid, “why do you need it?” The caretaker, without answering, entered the hall. “You can’t, you can’t! - the maid shouted after him, “Avdotya Samsonovna has guests.” But the caretaker, without listening, walked on. The first two rooms were dark, the third was on fire. He walked up to the open door and stopped. In the beautifully decorated room, Minsky sat thoughtfully. Dunya, dressed in all the luxury of fashion, sat on the arm of his chair, like a rider on her English saddle. She looked at Minsky with tenderness, wrapping his black curls around her sparkling fingers. Poor caretaker! Never had his daughter seemed so beautiful to him; he couldn't help but admire her. "Who's there?" - she asked without raising her head. He was still silent. Receiving no answer, Dunya raised her head... and fell onto the carpet screaming. Frightened Minsky rushed to pick her up and, suddenly seeing the old caretaker at the door, left Dunya and approached him, trembling with anger. “What do you want? - he said to him, gritting his teeth, - why are you sneaking after me everywhere like a robber? or do you want to stab me? Go away!" - and with a strong hand, grabbing the old man by the collar, he pushed him onto the stairs. The old man came to his apartment. His friend advised him to complain; but the caretaker thought, waved his hand and decided to retreat. Two days later he set out from St. Petersburg back to his station and again took up his post. “For the third year now,” he concluded, “I have been living without Dunya and there is neither a rumor nor a breath of her. Whether she is alive or not, God knows. Stuff happens. Not her first, not her last, was lured away by a passing rake, but there he held her and abandoned her. There are a lot of them in St. Petersburg, young fools, today in satin and velvet, and tomorrow, look, they are sweeping the street along with the tavern's nakedness. When you sometimes think that Dunya, perhaps, is disappearing right away, you will inevitably sin and wish for her grave...” This was the story of my friend, the old caretaker, a story repeatedly interrupted by tears, which he picturesquely wiped away with his lap, like the zealous Terentyich in Dmitriev’s beautiful ballad. These tears were partly aroused by the punch, of which he drew five glasses in the continuation of his story; but be that as it may, they touched my heart greatly. After parting with him, I could not forget the old caretaker for a long time, I thought for a long time about poor Duna... Recently, driving through the town of ***, I remembered my friend; I learned that the station over which he commanded had already been destroyed. To my question: “Is the old caretaker alive?” - no one could give me a satisfactory answer. I decided to visit a familiar side, took free horses and set off for the village of N. This happened in the fall. Gray clouds covered the sky; a cold wind blew from the reaped fields, blowing red and yellow leaves from the trees they encountered. I arrived in the village at sunset and stopped at the post office. In the entryway (where poor Dunya once kissed me) a fat woman came out and answered my questions that the old caretaker had died a year ago, that a brewer had settled in his house, and that she was the brewer’s wife. I felt sorry for my wasted trip and the seven rubles spent for nothing. “Why did he die?” — I asked the brewer’s wife. “I got drunk, father,” she answered. “Where was he buried?” - “Outside the outskirts, near his late mistress.” - “Is it possible to take me to his grave?” - “Why not? Hey Vanka! You've had enough of messing around with the cat. Take the master to the cemetery and show him the caretaker’s grave.” At these words, a ragged boy, red-haired and crooked, ran out to me and immediately led me outside the outskirts. - Did you know the dead man? - I asked him dear. - How can you not know! He taught me how to carve pipes. It used to be (may he rest in heaven!) he would come out of a tavern, and we would follow him: “Grandfather, grandfather! nuts!” - and he gives us nuts. Everything used to mess with us. — Do passers-by remember him? - Yes, but there are few travelers; Unless the assessor wraps it up, he has no time for the dead. In the summer, a lady passed by, and she asked about the old caretaker and went to his grave. - Which lady? - I asked curiously. “Beautiful lady,” answered the boy; - she rode in a carriage of six horses, with three little barts and a nurse, and a black pug; and when they told her that the old caretaker had died, she began to cry and said to the children: “Sit still, and I’ll go to the cemetery.” And I volunteered to bring it to her. And the lady said: “I know the way myself.” And she gave me a silver nickel - such a kind lady!.. We came to the cemetery, a bare place, unfenced, dotted with wooden crosses, not shaded by a single tree. I have never seen such a sad cemetery in my life. “Here is the grave of the old caretaker,” the boy told me, jumping onto a pile of sand into which was buried a black cross with a copper image. - And the lady came here? - I asked. “She came,” answered Vanka, “I looked at her from afar.” She lay down here and lay there for a long time. And there the lady went to the village and called the priest, gave him money and went, and gave me a nickel in silver - a nice lady! And I gave the boy a penny and no longer regretted either the trip or the seven rubles I spent.

10.3. Stationmaster. Father and daughter.

The story “The Station Agent” follows the story “The Undertaker”. The undertaker Adriyan Prokhorov, as we discovered, in the end comes to the consciousness of his separation from the dead, the general separation of life from death, and - perhaps - the illusory nature of death... We cited in that chapter about “The Undertaker” Pushkin’s unfinished poem about love for native ashes, love for fatherly coffins... It seems that one contradicts the other - what about love for coffins, - and the feeling of oneself - separate from them? But you can only love that with which you feel separate! You can only love – “other”, “others” - by choosing, isolating the object of love from chaos. Before his dream, the undertaker lived in chaos, mingling with his dead. In the dream, this situation is brought to its utmost vividness: the skeleton is ready to hug the undertaker! And then a healthy feeling of disgust and horror rises from the depths of Adriyan Prokhorov’s being, and he resolutely pushes the ashes away from him. Having fallen unconscious on him, the undertaker experiences a crisis. And he wakes up healthy, rejoicing in the sunshine and the fact that the merchant Tryukhina did not die. And I’m ready not to swear at my daughters, as usual, but to drink tea with them.

And so, at the end of the next story - “The Station Agent” - we see - through the eyes of the narrator - the beautiful, elegant, prosperous Avdotya Samsonovna, lying motionless on her father’s grave and crying. And we are pleased with this scene. The daughter has not forgotten her father, she feels guilty before him; she loves her poor native ashes, honors the graves of her father and mother. This means you can rest assured that she is on the right path! And her three children will grow up to be good people.
But first Dunya left Vyrin, forcing the old man to suffer and cry for himself...
Now we want to look at this story from a perspective in which it has never been considered before - since for one hundred and seventy years we have been fixated on the perception of Samson Vyrin as a “little man.” We assure you that the author himself never perceived it this way, and this term itself should be alien to Pushkin.
And what is the “little man” of his era? Alexander Sergeevich himself is a great, greatest Russian poet - who he was - not only in the eyes of the Tsar or Benckendorff, but in the eyes of the secular public, and on the other hand - in the eyes of cabbies, tailors, shopkeepers, whom he often could not pay for their work or product? In the eyes of the doormen, who called him a “writer” with deep contempt for the frivolity of this activity... Who during his lifetime revered him as a “great man” - when even for Zhukovsky, Vyazemsky, Boratynsky, only after his death it became a discovery that Pushkin could think! ..
And the Decembrists - were they big or small people then? Heroes of 1812, hung with orders, saviors of the Fatherland, to whom rude soldiers in the mines said “you” and punched them in the mouth for their “lordly” manners...
Maria Nikolaevna Volkonskaya, princess, daughter and wife of heroes of the Patriotic War, great-granddaughter of the first Russian scientist, she should not have appeared in the Chita theater, because she was the wife of a criminal... Was Maria Nikolaevna a small person, or a big one? And her husband, Sergei Grigorievich, is the only twenty-year-old general in the history of Russia! .. Convict in shackles... Persona non grata...
But let's return to our stationmaster. Firstly, for a “little man” his name is too “pretentious”: Samson. Samson is a hero, the conqueror of the Philistines; tearing apart a lion like a lamb, destroying stone vaults... Secondly, what kind of surname does he have - Vyrin? Where does this surname come from? What is “Vyri” from? ..
Once upon a time, this is what our ancestors called Paradise - Vyriy.
“Vyriy (viry, iriy, urai) - in East Slavic mythology, the ancient name of paradise and the paradise world tree, at the top of which birds and the souls of the dead lived. In the folk songs of the spring cycle, the motif of unlocking the river with a key, from where birds fly, has been preserved. According to Ukrainian legend, a crow once had the keys to the Vyri, but it angered God, and the keys were given to another bird. The magical rituals of burying a bird’s wing at the beginning of autumn are associated with the idea of ​​the bird.”
(Source: “Slavic mythology. Dictionary-reference book.”)

Can our Vyrin then be called Paradise? Or - maybe - Raevsky?!
We hear the objections of the democratic reader: “Raevsky is an aristocrat, and Vyrin is a poor stationmaster, from the bourgeoisie...” (But, by the way, Samson is also “an old soldier, with medals on faded ribbons...). Continuing the analogy, in this case we must call one of the daughters of General Raevsky - Dunya... None of them was such a beauty as we imagine Dunya - according to the author’s description. And least of all, perhaps, was Mary. .. But - after all, Pushkin wrote a work of art, in which there is always fiction. But with Pushkin (and with all great writers) this is never completely fiction. Why shouldn’t the prototype of Dunya be Maria Raevskaya, and the prototype of Samson Vyrin – Nikolai Nikolaevich Raevsky, general, hero of 1812?
The social status, origin and upbringing of prototypes and literary heroes are different, but the relationship between father and daughter who do not understand each other, the drama of father and daughter - it is the same - for King Lear, and for Father Goriot, and for the merchant Rusakov* . Both in the palace and in the poor house; for both the king and the beggar, the hour comes when the father ceases to be the main man in life for his daughter. When she chooses someone else, and this other becomes more important than the father. And very often it happens that this other father is not satisfied...
Although, as for Nikolai Nikolaevich Raevsky, everything about his son-in-law suited him, and he himself proposed him as a groom to his daughter Maria, just as Vyrin himself ordered his Duna to ride with the hussar Minsky. Let's remember how it was.
-What are you afraid of? – her father told her, “after all, his high nobility is not a wolf and will not eat you...
“Wolf” - Minsky: Wolf -on -sky?..**

(And besides, this surname, of course, combines the surnames of two saviors of the Fatherland - citizen Minin and Prince Pozharsky).

* * *
And then, based on the portraits, it seems to us that the Raevsky sisters did not shine with beauty, but Pushkin in 1820 wrote from Crimea to his brother Lyovushka that all the general’s daughters were “lovely.” In the summer of 1820, Maria was fourteen years old (born December 25, 1805), the same age as Dunya when the author first met her. Just like Minsky - only not feignedly, but for real - Pushkin himself was then ill; The Raevskys “stumbled upon” him on their trip, in one of the poor huts, and took him with them. Probably, the poet also kissed the girl’s lips - light, playful, chaste - which left in him a particularly long and pleasant memory. ..
Four and a half years later, in January 1825, Maria became the wife of Major General Sergei Grigorievich Volkonsky. Raevsky knew that his son-in-law was in a secret society, he demanded that he leave it; Volkonsky promised, but did not do it. And who could have known that Alexander the First, who himself seemed to bless these secret societies, would die so soon - or, at least, “doze off” in relation to them, as Pushkin said in “Eugene Onegin”!..
Maria Nikolaevna's decision to go to her husband in Siberia was perceived by the old man Raevsky as a betrayal of him, his father (straight from King Lear!) In pursuit of his leaving daughter, Nikolai Nikolaevich shouted that he would curse her if she did not return in a year. He did not yet know that it would be impossible for her to return (to the reign of Nicholas I), even if she wanted to do it. But she didn’t want to. She chose her husband, leaving her father and little son, as well as her mother, sisters and brothers. (The mother never reconciled with her daughter.)
Mary chose the sufferer, the “martyr of Truth.”
The old general Raevsky wrote to his daughter Ekaterina after Maria Nikolaevna’s departure, in 1827: “If I had known in St. Petersburg that Mashenka was going to her husband irrevocably and was going out of love for her husband, I myself would have agreed to let her go forever, to bury her alive; I would have cried for her with tears of blood, and yet I would have let her go..." And yet - a few months before her death - in 1829 - "everything in her is already from Volkonsky, and nothing from the Raevskys...". The old general never understood (although he’s so old, he didn’t live to see sixty!) that in his daughter, perhaps more than in his other children, his own kindness and sense of duty were manifested...
When Maria Nikolaevna found out about her father’s death, she writes in “Notes”: “... it seemed to me that the sky had fallen on me, I got sick.”
It must be said in relation to Maria Nikolaevna that almost the entire family did not understand and did not accept her act, except for her sister Ekaterina, who herself was the wife of the Decembrist Orlov.
Pushkin came up with a happy, prosperous ending in his story, at least for Dunya. She is rich, has three well-groomed children, and is a grateful daughter. The name Evdokia - Avdotya - Dunya means “good glory”, “favour”.
From a mental and spiritual point of view, Maria Nikolaevna was also a happy and prosperous person. And she, the only one of the Decembrists, also survived this drama: she opposed the dictates of her own family in order to do what she considered right - so that her soul would be in harmony with her.
In total, there were eleven Decembrists - the wives of Decembrists who followed their husbands to Siberia. Eleven again! Probably, it was also an initiation - from Providence itself.
In all of them, in each of them, the compassionate soul of the Virgin Mary, Patroness of Russia, manifested itself; The soul of Russia itself!

* from the play by A.N. Ostrovsky "Don't get into your own sleigh."

**Our idea is confirmed by F.M. Dostoevsky, through the mouth of his Makar Devushkin: “... if only our poor official - after all, he may be the same Samson Vyrin, only he has a different surname, Gorshkov. It’s a common matter, little mother, and above you And it could happen to me. And the count who lives on Nevsky or on the embankment, and he will be the same, it will only seem different, because they have everything in their own way, in a higher tone, but he will be the same , anything can happen.." /"Poor people."

Subject. A.S. Pushkin “Station Warden”. "Father and daughter"

Target. To acquaint students with the history of the creation of “Belkin’s Tales” and the road life of Pushkin’s time. In the process of discussing the content, identify how the relationship develops between father and daughter, Samson Vyrin and Dunya, and what causes it. Draw students’ attention to the features of A.S.’s narrative style. Pushkin.

Equipment: Portrait of Pushkin, illustrations for the story by the artist Shmarinov.

During the classes

I. Calling stage.

1. Teacher’s message about the history of the creation of stories. Criticism's attitude towards this collection (controversial ). The reasons for the introduction of a single hero - the narrator I.P. Belkin, a simple man, not very educated, but simple-minded and kind.

II. Stage of understanding the content.

1. Teacher > to students.

Where does the story “The Station Agent” begin? (Reading a fragment of the story).

What did the word “Station” mean in Pushkin’s time? Who was called the stationmaster? What were his responsibilities?

2. Student message.(Prepared in advance.)

Road life of Pushkin's time.

3. Teacher's summary.

What, in your opinion, was the most difficult in the situation of these people, judging by the information listened to and by the description that Pushkin gives? (Humiliation, powerlessness, defenselessness).

4. Pay attention to the epigraph. How do you understand it? Is it in accordance with Pushkin's description? Why did Pushkin use Vyazemsky's words?

5. Teacher:ҷb>

At a distant station, on a postal route in the Russian outback, station guard Samson Vyrin died of grief. Who is to blame for this? Dunya, his daughter, or himself? Let's figure out what happened?

- So, the narrator, finding himself in the caretaker’s house, sees the owner and his daughter. How did he see them? (Find and read the description of the portraits of the heroes).

- How does Dunya behave with people passing by?

- What does her father say about her?

- What kind of relationship developed between them?

( The father is proud of such a daughter, he raised her without a mother, taught her everything himself. She is an assistant, she created comfort in the house. Thanks to her beauty, she deflects blows from her father and protects him from insults. And so far they are happy together .)

Homework. Remember the biblical parable of the prodigal son. Analyze the scenes “Samson Vyrin and Minsky in a hotel room” and “Last meeting with his daughter” according to the diagram.

1) Observe how the heroes behave during the meeting and what they look like?

2) What are they talking about?

3) How do behavior and speech characterize each person?

Lesson 2

“The story of the prodigal daughter"

Goal: in the process of discussion, identify what content of the biblical parable is reflected in the story and what the author interpreted in his own way, give an idea of ​​parental duty and the responsibilities of children, discuss how each of the characters understands what happiness is.

I. Continuation of the stage of understanding the content.

1. Teacher:

The narrator, once in the caretaker's house, examines it and sees that in a place of honor there are pictures hanging that convey the content of the biblical parable of the prodigal son.

- Let's remember this parable ( students comment well).

- Why does Pushkin use this detail, because nothing happens by chance with him?

- How did you predetermine these pictures that constantly hung before the characters’ eyes, their outlook on life?

( S. Vyrin was sure that Dunya would be unhappy; he did not even allow the thought of the possibility of a happy future for his daughter. But Dunya acts contrary, she runs away from home, even knowing what may await her ).

2. From the coachman’s words, the father learned that Dunya cried when leaving with Minsky.

- What do you think Dunya was crying about?

- How did the father himself contribute to the escape?

3. The father, being sure that his daughter is abandoned, unhappy and afraid to return to her father, goes in search of her himself.

- What was Vyrin’s first meeting with Minsky in St. Petersburg like? ( Analysis of the scene “Vyrin with Minsky in a hotel room”). (Scene reading).

a) How does Minsky behave? ( Flushes up, apologizes, gives money, swears allegiance to Duna ).

b) What are the characters talking about? ( About Duna, about her happiness, about who she should belong to ).

c) What arguments does each person give, explaining why Dunya should belong to him?

d) What mistake does Minsky make? What do you think he should have done to improve his relationship with the father of the woman he loved?

- Analysis of the second scene “Last meeting with my daughter” ( scene reading ).

Samson Vyrin decided to see his daughter at all costs. The opportunity presented itself quickly.

a) What does the maid’s phrase “You can’t go to Avdotya Samsonovna, she has guests!” ( She is not married, Minsky goes to visit her for now).

b) How did the father see his daughter? What does this mean? Has Vyrin thought about this? Why exactly at this moment does the author call him “poor”?

c) Why didn’t Dunya, when she saw her father, scream with joy and rush towards him, but faint?

(Perhaps she was afraid that her father would take her away and deprive her of happiness, using his paternal right).

d) How does Minsky behave? Why? Can this justify him?

e) What feelings does this scene evoke?

4. Father returns home. Was he comforted when he saw a completely prosperous Dunya?

( Vyrin is convinced that sooner or later, Dunya will be thrown out onto the street, and the fate of the prodigal son from the biblical parable awaits her).

5. Three years later, the narrator finds himself again at this station and meets with the caretaker.

- How did he see the caretaker and his house? Why did such changes occur?

6. How does Pushkin end his story about the story of the prodigal daughter? Does this agree with the content of the famous parable?

( Dunya still returns, but not in rags, but as a rich lady with children, not to her living father, but to his grave).

7. Why does Pushkin end the story this way? ( Changing stereotypes ).

8. What do you think Dunya cried about at her father’s grave? ( Maybe, having become a mother, she realized that in her desire to be happy she had treated her father too cruelly ).

Homework. Reflect on the tasks:

1) What good can be found in what happened to the heroes of this story?

2) What feelings did you experience while reading different episodes of the story?

3) What do you think Dunya should have done so that her father would not feel abandoned?

4) Are Pushkin’s heroes guilty of each other? If yes, then why?

Lesson 3

Topic: “Who is to blame and what to do?”

Target. Using the RKMChP strategy “Six Thinking Hats”, summarize the information obtained during the discussion of the story. Using six different ways of thinking, comprehensively analyze the plot of the story and the problematic situation underlying it: how the author solves the problem of “fathers” and children in the story “The Station Agent.” Identify the main problem situation and form an attitude towards it.

The lesson is a reflection stage.

Equipment: Colored hats (6 - white, black, yellow, red, green, blue), with symbolic meaning, tablecloths of the same colors, illustrations for the story, a portrait of Pushkin, cards with questions for each table, paper for writing down answers.

During the classes

I. The teacher communicates the topic and purpose of the lesson. Distribution of students into groups.

II. The characteristics of six different ways of thinking are presented by dramatizing “The Parable of the Old Hatter and His Sons” ( the author of the translation from English is psychologist T. Zinkevich-Evstigneev. See Appendix 2).

III. Distribution of tasks among the group.

1. White hat (white table).

- What events happened in this story? Name the heroes. (The question is laid out on the table. For a certain time, students discuss the proposed question and can write down the entire answer, or plan, or supporting words on a sheet of paper).

2. Black hat (black table).

- What bad, tragic thing happened for the heroes of the story? Why did everything happen like this? What turned out to be unclear and incomprehensible to you in this whole story?

3. Yellow hat (yellow table).

- What positive, bright sides do you see in what happened to Dunya and her father? Do they even exist? Give reasons for your answer.

4. Red hat (red table).

- What feelings did you experience while reading different episodes of the story? Give your reasons.

5. Green hat (green table).

- What do you think Duna should have done so that her father would not feel abandoned? Give reasons for your answer. In general, in this situation could anything depend on her?

6. Blue hat (blue table).

- Are the heroes of the story guilty of each other? And if so, in what way? Give reasons for your answer.

IV. Students work (collectively) on the proposed question, drawing up an answer (7-10 min.).

V. Speech by representatives of each group. ( Students from other groups can ask questions and make additions after the presentation).

VI. Final assignment for all students.

Teacher:

- What questions would you ask Avdotya Samsonovna, crying at her father’s grave?

- What wishes would you express to her?

- How is this story connected with the eternal problem of the relationship between generations of “fathers” and “sons”?

VII. Lesson summary.

Teacher: Pushkin raises the eternal problem of the relationship between “fathers” and “children”. He does not evaluate the actions of the heroes, as we, the readers, did. And each of us projects these events onto our lives.

Dramatization of the parable of the old Hatter

Heroes: 6 boys and the author.

Once upon a time there lived a wise old Hatter. He had golden hands and a beautiful soul. The master gave people something more than hats. Enlightened and cheerful, determined and strong in spirit, people left the workshop, taking away their order. People were very grateful to the Master for the wonderful hats in which the Great Secret of the Great Master was hidden. The years passed; The old man died, leaving six hats as an inheritance to his sons.

1st son: “I’ll take a white hat for myself. She is so elegant, I will show off in her at balls.”

2nd son: “And I choose a black hat. It is no less elegant and will suit any suit.”

3rd son: “I like the yellow hat. This is the color of the sun, joy, wealth, and I need this so much.”

4th son: “Let my hat be red. I will always be visible in the crowd.”

5th son: “The green hat reminds me of a spring meadow and field, trees and flowers. Maybe she will help my dream come true.”

6th son: “I get a blue hat, and I am very happy about it, blue is the color of our father’s eyes, the endless expanses of sea and sky. To comprehend their depth and height is my calling.

The sons took apart their hats and went in different directions. Many years later, they met under the roof of their father’s workshop and told each other about how their destinies had developed.

1st son (white hat): I became a respected person due to my impartiality. Facts, figures, chronicles of events have become more important to me than anything else.

2nd son (black hat): I began to see everything that was happening around me in a black light. I questioned and criticized everything. And this made him gloomy and dissatisfied.

3rd son (red hat): I am a sensitive person and live at the mercy of emotions, sometimes this really bothers me, because feelings drown out the voice of reason.

4th son (yellow hat): I go through life, enjoying every day. Nothing scares me. I believe in beauty, goodness, justice, light.

5th son (green hat): I can turn everything I see, hear, feel into poetry and music, paintings and sculptures, novels and stories.

6th son (blue hat): I was destined to become a thinker, a researcher. I always achieve my goal, I never give up in the face of difficulties. There is nothing out of reach for me.