The history of the development of bossa-nova (bossa nova - the mood of Brazil). The reasons for the bossa nova style What does bossa nova mean?

[port. Bossa Nova– lit. "new impulse"]

1.The style of Brazilian light music of a calm nature. It arose in the late 1950s based on rhythms, and was later influenced by American jazz. Characterized by musical equality of melody, harmony and rhythm.

2.Latin American ballroom dance of the 1960s. Musical size – 2/4 and 4/4. The pace is moderately fast. Performed in character, but at the same time reminiscent of slow and. The movements are accompanied by swaying of the hips. A characteristic dance element is a special drawn-out sliding step.

Another name: Jazz-Samba.

Jazz interacts with other musical styles everywhere, which often gives impetus to the development of new movements. So, for example, from the combination of American Cool Jazz [from English. cool– cool, reserved] and in the late 1950s a song and dance style called “Bossa Nova” emerged, which is translated from Portuguese as “new impulse” or “new hobby”.

The French pop singer Sasha Distal is directly related to the development of the Bossa Nova style. It was he who gave “new impetus” to the old song “Dizofinado,” which Ella Fitzgerald once sang in a completely non-danceable rhythm. Performed by Sasha Distal, this song showed the features of a fashionable and charming folk Samba-Canciano [port. Samba- Cançã o– samba in slow rhythm]. The public liked this mixture, and soon other similar songs appeared performed by Sasha Distal: “Samba of One Note”, “The Girl from Ipanema”, etc.

Since then, Bossa Nova began to develop as an independent type of jazz music and even divided into two subtypes. The first is performed in a true two-beat rhythm, the second - in a more jazzy sound - in a 4/4 time signature. The samba style was especially liked by the residents of Rio de Janeiro. Now every musical that mentions Brazil must include love songs in the rhythm of Bossa Nova.

Bossa Nova has been known as a dance since 1960, and in 1962 it became widespread worldwide. The merger with Jazz gave birth to a special type of steps. The main movements are danced in the rhythm “slow - fast - fast”, as in any other, but after a step on the count of “one” there is a pause on the count of “two”. It turns out to be an unusual in nature, prolonged sliding step, performed on the spot or while moving around the hall.

The position in the pair is usually identical to the Rumba Position, but may be different. The movements of the legs are accompanied by swaying of the arms, with the opposite swaying of the hips - as in. The characteristic element is [eng. CubanMotion] – characteristic swaying of the hips. Bossa Nova amazes with a variety of interesting figures, of which we can note: Lateral Main Movement[eng. SideBasic], Basic Forward Movement[eng. ForwardBasic], Separately and Together[eng. AwayandTogether], Samba-Adaptation[English. TheSambaAdaptation], Tango-Adaptation[eng. TheTangoAdaptation].

Watch the video - learning to dance Bossa Nova:

Bossanova, bossa nova (port. bossa nova) is a style of popular Brazilian music, which is a synthesis of local folklore (baiau, samba) and some elements of jazz. The founders of the style are considered to be João Gilberto and António Carlos Jobim.

Performers

Bossanova, bossa nova (port. bossa nova) is a style of popular Brazilian music, which is a synthesis of local folklore (baiau, samba) and some elements of jazz. The founders of the style are considered to be João Gilberto and António Carlos Jobim. The first bossa nova is usually referred to as the play “Chega de Saudade” (1958), which was composed by Jobim and performed by João Gilberto. The most famous bossa nova is "The Girl from Ipanema", which was first performed by João (guitar) and Astrud Gilberto (vocals), A. K. Jobim (piano) and Stan Getz (saxophone).

The origin of the name “bossa nova” (literally bossa - “bump”, “mound”, “hump”; nova - “new”) is associated with the Brazilian slang word “bossa”, fashionable in the late 1950s, which meant approximately the same thing that the Russian word “trick”: a feature, a bright feature. Thus, the name of the genre should be understood not literally (“new hump” or “new bump”), but essentially: “new “trick””, “new style”.

Bossa Nova appeared in Rio de Janeiro, in the Ipanema region - the habitat of wealthy people. Bossa Nova was originally a mixture of traditional Brazilian samba rhythms and classic American jazz, performed at parties and house concerts for educated audiences. Soon, however, bossa nova ceased to be just “music for the elite” and began to sound in clubs, art cafes and simply on the streets of Brazilian cities. A whole galaxy of talented authors, among whom the most notable were: Antonio Carlos Jobim (pseudonym - “Tom Jobim”), Luis Bonfa, Joao Gilberto and Baden Powell. They quickly achieved universal recognition.

Bossa Nova This article is about musical style. About the album Bossanova".

Bossa Nova(Also bossa nova, port. bossa nova) is a style of Brazilian music that represents a peculiar mixture of cool jazz with various local rhythms, including baiaú and, first of all, samba. Bossa nova is often mistakenly considered an Afro-Brazilian "invention", when it is a relatively recent genre created primarily by white hippie musicians and poets. The recognized father and founder of bossa nova is Antonio Carlos Jobim. The first recording of bossa nova is considered to be the song “It’s Enough to Be Sad” (“ Chega de Saudade"), composed by Jobim and performed by João Gilberto.

Origin of the name "bossa nova" (literally bossa- “bump”, “mound”, “hump”; nova- “new”) is associated with the Brazilian slang word “bossa”, fashionable in the late 1950s, which meant approximately the same as the Russian word “trick”: a feature, a bright feature. Thus, the name of the genre should be understood not literally (“new hump” or “new bump”), but essentially: “new “trick””, “new style”.

Bossa Nova appeared in Rio de Janeiro, in the Ipanema region - the habitat of wealthy people. Bossa Nova was originally a mixture of traditional Brazilian samba rhythms and classic American jazz, performed at parties and house concerts for educated audiences. Soon, however, bossa nova ceased to be just “music for the elite” and began to sound in clubs, art cafes and simply on the streets of Brazilian cities. A whole galaxy of talented authors, among whom Antonio Carlos Jobim (pseudonym “Tom Jobim”), Luis Bonfa, Joao Gilberto and Baden Powell especially stood out, quickly achieved universal recognition.

It is believed that the first successful example of bossa nova was the album “The Song of Too Much Love” ( "Canção do amor demais"), recorded by Elisette Cardoso and João Gilberto in 1958. The first real hit, thanks to which bossa nova crossed national boundaries, was the now world famous "The Girl from Ipanema" ( "Garota de Ipanema") Tom Jobim and Vinicius di Morais. The songs “Recklessness” ( "Insensatez") and "Corcovado" Already in the year they were applauded by New York's Carnegie Hall; At the same time, the first gramophone records with bossa nova recordings appeared in Europe. By the early 1970s, bossa nova had become the hallmark of Brazilian pop music, and even today, when artistic tastes have changed significantly, it has not lost its significance as an international pop classic, as evidenced by the constant interest in it in various countries around the world, in including in Russia. At the moment, bossa nova is one of the fundamental directions of the modern school of jazz.

Bossa nova is a fairly new style of Brazilian music that combines jazz harmonicas and local rhythms (especially samba). The name “bossa nova” itself is associated with the Brazilian slang word “bossa”, fashionable in the late 1950s, which meant approximately the same as the Russian “trick” (feature, bright feature). Thus, the name of this musical genre is translated as “new trick” or, literally, “new style”.

Bossa Nova was originally performed at parties and house concerts in Rio de Janeiro, in the Ipanema district (the place where wealthy people lived). However, soon it ceased to be just “music for the elite” and began to sound in clubs, art cafes and simply on the streets of Brazilian cities.

Although in the late 50s a whole galaxy of talented bossa nova composers and performers appeared (among whom Joao Gilberto, Louis Bonfa and Baden Powell stood out), Antonio Carlos Jobim (pseudonym Tom Jobim) is rightfully considered the founder of the musical style.

The starting point of bossa nova can be the first recording of the song “Stop being sad” (“Chega de Saudade”), written by Tom Jobim and performed by his friend Joao Gilberto in 1958 in Rio de Janeiro. The first successful example of bossa nova was the album “Song of Too Much Love” (“Cancao do amor demais”), recorded by Elisette Cardoso and João Gilberto in 1958. And the real hit, thanks to which bossa nova crossed national borders, was the world famous “Garota de Ipanema” or “The Girl from Ipanema” by Tom Jobim. Other world hits and real jazz standards were also the songs “Corcovado”, “One Note Samba”, “Desafinado”.

Just a few years later (in the early 60s), bossa nova gained a foothold in the top lines of the American charts, and by the early 70s it became the hallmark of Brazilian music throughout the world. Romantic love and unrequited female beauty are clearly visible in Tom Jobim's music and lyrics. Many songs were named after women: “Teresa da Praia” (Jobim’s first wife), “Ligia”, “Luiza”, “Izabella”. “Every woman I don’t have is a song I write,” Jobim will once say. This is probably why there is some special intimacy and sincerity in the gentle harmonies of bossa nova.

Another of the fathers of bossa nova (João Gilberto) believed that only a female vocalist can convey this mixture of musical richness and melancholy, which, in essence, constitutes the heart of bossa nova music. Therefore, the most prominent conductor of the bossa nova culture to the West was vocalist Astrud Gilberto (wife of Joao Gilberto). The modest charm of her voice and her simple, vibration-free performing technique captivated listeners all over the world. Until now, her restrained style of performance, similar to a breath of fresh wind, remains the hallmark of Brazilian bossa nova.

Unlike previous types of Afro-Cuban music (such as rumba or mambo), bossa nova did not become an overt dance and entertainment music, not least because it was exported from Brazil and became the main performers of jazz musicians.

Bossa Nova has acquired the character of concert and club music for music lovers due to its more refined harmony, refined melody and calm rhythm. The fashion for the so-called Jazz-bossa began. This beautiful, gentle music with unusual (but close to jazz standards) harmonies became, in a sense, a counterbalance to the main trends in the development of jazz in the early 60s.

Jobim's graceful, sophisticated, emotional melodies became a real alternative to traditional jazz for jazzmen of the 60s. Bossa Nova provided a softening agent, becoming an attractive element in jazz's struggle for survival in the mid-60s.

The 60s saw an unforgettable series of collaborations with Frank Sinatra (starting with the album “Sinatra/Jobim”). In them, the restrained elegance of Jobim's music forced Sinatra to soften his craving for pathos in his performance. “The last time I sang so tenderly was when I was sick with laryngitis,” Sinatra admitted at the end of the recording.

While the Bossa Nova Boom began in the Western world (beginning in 1961), Brazilian music was viewed ambiguously in the Soviet Union. The party leadership of the USSR condemned bossa nova as anti-Soviet music “imported by the CIA from Brazil to boycott the cha-cha-cha in fraternal Cuba.” The first to play bossa nova in the USSR was the quintet of Alexei Kozlov. They regularly performed at the Molodezhnoe jazz cafe (Moscow), which, by the way, was organized with the support of the Komsomol Committee. Visiting foreigners were often brought to Molodezhnoe to show that we also have jazz. In 1963, Alexey Kozlov composed a theme, which he initially called “Kozanova” (reinterpreting the word bossa nova). But when an unexpected opportunity arose to record her record, Shostakovich himself had to intervene to overcome censorship, who gave the go-ahead as the head of the Union of Composers of the RSFSR. But the work itself received the more official name “Our Bossanova”. It appeared on a flexible disc as a supplement to Krugozor magazine.

Bossa Nova is the lightest music in the world. It evokes the best and most pleasant human feelings and encourages us to dream. Listening to bossa nova, you immediately find yourself somewhere in Ipanema, watching how the rich colors of the southern evening slowly fade over the party Rio de Janeiro, and a warm lilac-blue night rolls in like a wave straight from the ocean. People need beautiful music. That's why bossa is always new!!!

1. A combination of Brazilian folklore with jazz and European harmony. Synthesis - the rhythm of Brazilian samba combined with jazz improvisation in the style of "cool" (i.e. "jazz samba", "ice and fire"), in addition, Jobim used in bossa nova harmony French impressionist Claude Debussy. AND This music, called "bossanova" ("new wave", "something new") became extremely popular in the USA, and soon it spread throughout America and Europe like wildfire, because it combined and irresistibly attracted swing, melody and poetry.

2. The crisis of jazz styles associated with swing, triplet pulsation and the crisis of jazz harmony Listeners were tired of aggressive, triplet timing, which is why the appearance of bossa nova with its double pulsation was received with such enthusiasm. Also, the listeners got tired of the jazz harmony built on quart revolutions 2-5-1, and they enthusiastically accepted the bossa nova harmony, in which, in addition to quart revolutions, terzos appear (from the arsenal of the impressionist Debussy), as in the bridge of the theme "The Girl From Ipanema".

3. Penetration of Latin American dances into America. In the USA, the ground for bossa nova was prepared by popular dances that came out of South America: tango, rumba, beguine, cha-cha-cha, calypso, son, merengue, mambo and samba. In the 50s, the mambo style and dance gained enormous popularity in America and Europe - both in jazz and in popular music. It was a dance of Latin American origin, which was a type of fast rumba in 4/4 time signature. The “King of Mambo” in the USA was the leader of the dance orchestra Perez Prado (1916-1989), a Cuban by birth. But since many American cool style musicians then regularly toured with concerts around the world, including South America, there they became closely acquainted with Brazilian samba.

4. The appearance of Latin American percussion instruments (percussion) in the jazz instrumentation. Dizzy Gillespie created the style of Afro-Cuban jazz. He was the first to recruit Cuban percussionist Ch. Pozo into his band. The combination of Latin rhythms with bebop harmonies was called “cubop”, or Cuban bop.

5. Collaboration with American jazz stars. Bossanova would not have been born if Stan Goetz had not taken part in its creation. Not only did he decorate all of Jobim’s songs with his solos and backing, he was the one who persuaded guitarist João Julberta’s wife, Astra, who was preparing coffee for the men at the rehearsal, to record the vocals. In February 1962, Getz and Byrd recorded their first disc, which was called “Jazz Samba,” and in the same year they received a Grammy Award for it, and in March 1963 Stan Getz recorded in New York the most famous bossa nova album with the Brazilian singer Astrud Gilberto and A.K. Jobim himself at the piano. In the future, it would be difficult to name a jazz or popular artist who did not record themes in the spirit of bossa nova. In addition, J. Maligan did a lot in the USA to promote Jobim's music.

6. The emergence of bossa nova geniuses. The most outstanding personality among bossa nova composers was, of course, Antonio Carlos Jobim (1927-1994), who almost single-handedly created all the hits of the style and guitarist Joao Gilberto. The first bossa nova recording is considered to be the song “Chega de Saudade” (1958), composed by Jobim and performed by João Gilberto. Bossa nova is often mistakenly considered an Afro-Brazilian "invention", when it is a relatively recent genre created predominantly by white musicians and poets who followed the ideas of the beatniks.

7. The appearance of bossa nova hits.The Girl From Ipanema, Desfinado, Corcovado.

The origin of the name “bosanova” (literally bossa - “bump”, “mound”, “hump”; nova - “new”) is associated with the Brazilian slang word “bossa”, fashionable in the late 1950s, which meant approximately the same thing as Russian word “trick”: feature, bright feature. Thus, the name of the genre should be understood not literally (“new hump” or “new bump”), but essentially: “new “trick””, “new style”.

Rhythmically, the southern part of the New World has significantly influenced all popular (and jazz) world music in our century and contributed a lot to it in terms of rhythm. For a century, and beyond that - on pop stages around the world, and among American performers are saxophonist Stan Getz and guitarist Charlie Byrd.