Which actors are buried at the Novodevichy cemetery. What secrets does the Novodevichy cemetery keep. Memory of the Decembrist uprising

Celebrity graves at the Novodevichy Cemetery - the most famous and prestigious necropolis in Moscow - are included in the list of "must see" sightseeing and tourist routes in the capital of Russia. The churchyard was founded at the end of the 19th century near the southern wall of the Novodevichy Convent. Subsequently, the burial places of prominent compatriots, major politicians, scientists, and people of art were located here.

Yeltsin's grave and statesmen at the Novodevichy Cemetery

Boris Yeltsin, the First President of the Russian Federation, is buried in plot 6 of the Novodevichy cemetery (central alley). A Russian tricolor of red porphyry, sky-blue Byzantine mosaics and white marble spread out in monumental folds on a wide tombstone.

The grave of Alexandra Kollontai, a Russian revolutionary of noble origin, is decorated with her sculptural image. Kollontai became the first woman minister in the world, then the plenipotentiary representative of the USSR in Mexico, Norway, Sweden, and in 1944-1945. - Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the USSR to the Kingdom of Sweden.

Tombstone of the First Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR in 1958-1964. Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev confirms the unspoken rule that disgraced statesmen were not buried near the Kremlin wall. The complex political fate of the Soviet leader is symbolically displayed in the tombstone made by Ernst Neizvestny, commissioned by Khrushchev's son. Simple, sculpted with the maximum portrait resemblance, the face of the First Secretary is surrounded, like an angular spacesuit, by a white and black vertical composition - faith in a bright communist future and the dark legacy of mass repression.

Andrei Gromyko, the foreign minister, Mr. No to Soviet foreign policy, was the last to be buried at the Kremlin wall. Nevertheless, the grave was placed at the Novodevichy cemetery at the will of Gromyko himself and at the request of his relatives.

The monumental monument to General Alexander Lebed, the governor of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, who died in a plane crash, depicts the commander sitting, in full dress with a full set of orders.

Viktor Chernomyrdin, Chairman of the Council of Ministers - the Government of the Russian Federation in 1992-1998, rests in a paired family grave, decorated with monuments in the traditional Russian style, carved in black marble.

The tombstone of Yevgeny Primakov, intelligence officer and diplomat, Minister of Foreign Affairs, Prime Minister of the Russian Federation, was a massive monolith of gray granite and a light stone scroll with the text of a poem written by this outstanding politician: “I firmly decided everything: to be in team until the end, until I won't breathe until I fall. And if it becomes unbearably hard, then I won’t leave the road either.”

Famous scientists at the Novodevichy cemetery

Powerful thinkers, founders of scientific directions and schools, who lived extremely fruitfully, are buried in the Novodevichy necropolis.

The snow-white marble monument, covered with a transparent protective case, marks the burial place of the Russian cosmic scientist, an outstanding mineralogist Vladimir Vernadsky, who first introduced the terms "biosphere" and "noosphere". At the base of the monument is a quote: "We live in a wonderful time when man becomes a geological force that changes the face of our planet."

The tombstone of the brilliant theoretical physicist, Nobel Prize winner Lev Landau was made by Ernst Neizvestny. A block of dark granite with a pectoral sculptural portrait of a scientist rests on a metal column formed by three concave sections.

The grave of the geologist and geographer Vladimir Obruchev is marked by a gray granite monolith with a sculptural portrait and a symbolic image of a geological hammer crossed by a writer's pen. Obruchev mastered the art of effective time management, successfully combining intensive scientific work with the creation of science fiction works, including such voluminous ones as "Plutonia" and "Sannikov Land".

Famous composers at the Novodevichy Cemetery

The names of the composers buried at the Novodevichy Cemetery entered the history of music as significant phenomena.

The black marble stele with the dates of the life of Sergei Prokofiev marks the burial place of the world famous author of instrumental concertos, symphonies, seven operas and eleven ballets.

No less concise is the tombstone of Dmitri Shostakovich, one of the most performed composers in the world. His numerous works had a significant impact on the development of the musical culture of mankind.

The restless grave of Gogol. Burials of writers at Novodevichy

The great classic Nikolai Gogol was buried at the Danilovsky cemetery. In 1931, during the liquidation of this monastery churchyard in the midst of the struggle against religion, the ashes of the writer were transferred to the Novodevichy cemetery. In 1952, instead of the old cross with a stone foot, a sculptural monument with the inscription "To the Great Russian Artist of the Word from the Government of the Soviet Union" was erected over the new grave. In 2009, the tombstone again acquired its former appearance: only a stone and only a cross.

A special black stone with a bumpy surface, which was located on the original grave of Gogol, reminiscent of Golgotha ​​- the place of the crucifixion of Christ, was installed as a tombstone over the burial place of another master of the word - Mikhail Bulgakov.

The Novodevichy Cemetery as a whole has become a real pantheon of writers and poets. Here, under a white stele in the new Russian style, lies Anton Chekhov. The urn with the ashes of the frantic futurist, proletarian poet Vladimir Mayakovsky is buried under a massive slab of dark gray granite. Above the grave of the creator of new words, "Chairman of the Globe" Velimir Khlebnikov laid an ancient statue from the Kyrgyz steppes. The tombstone of the intellectual symbolist Valery Bryusov, who sought inspiration at the intersection of science and poetry, adorns an accurate, stylistically consistent profile portrait of the poet. The medallion with a bas-relief profile of Alexei Tolstoy, favored by the Soviet authorities, is accompanied by sculptural images of the characters of his most monumental works - the novels "Peter the Great" and "Walking Through the Torments". The monument to Alexander Fadeev is complemented by Krasnodon heroes from the Young Guard. There are no sculptures or portraits on the grave of the remarkable poet Andrei Voznesensky. The tombstone, made according to his own design, is an inclined polished plane of dark granite. It is as if a large stone ball is about to roll down it, which keeps only a small bronze crucifix from swift movement down the slope.

Steel arms-wings, fiery motor of the heart - creators and heroes

Bas-relief and sculptural portraits mark the burial places of prominent aircraft designers - Pavel Sukhoi (Su fighters), Andrei Tupolev (Tu aircraft), Semyon Lavochkin (LaGG and La fighters), Alexander Yakovlev (Yak fighters).

Polar pilot Anatoly Lyapidevsky, the first to receive the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, and Air Marshal, three times Hero of the Soviet Union Alexander Pokryshkin, an ace fighter, one of the most productive pilots of the Great Patriotic War, are buried at Novodevichy.

Space. Land. Ocean

Above the grave of cosmonaut No. 2 German Titov, his sculptural portrait with an eagle is installed. "Eagle" was Titov's call sign in radio sessions with the Earth. Pilot-cosmonaut, test pilot Georgy Beregovoy, who piloted the Soyuz-3 spacecraft, buried at Novodevichy, received his first title of Hero of the Soviet Union during the Great Patriotic War.

The space theme is displayed on the exclusive tombstone of Yuri Senkevich, who for 30 years was the permanent TV presenter of the Film Travel Club. Senkevich was engaged in medical training of space and high-latitude expeditions, took part in ocean voyages on papyrus boats "Ra" and "Tigris" at the invitation of Thor Heyerdahl. On the tombstone, these journeys are represented by a sculptural wave with a reed ship under direct sail.

Act four, last and eternal

Life, like a play in three acts - presentation, twists and turns and denouement - for the people of the stage can have a fourth action, which continues in the memory of followers and admirers.

The author of the acting technique of genuine emotions, which has been followed for a hundred years, Konstantin Stanislavsky rests at the Novodevichy cemetery under a red granite slab. On it is a white vertical stele-curtain with the emblem of the Moscow Art Theater - a seagull, topped with a large Orthodox cross.

On the grave of a direct follower of Stanislavsky, Yevgeny Vakhtangov, a bronze figure of a woman is installed, whose sadly bowed face is hidden by a cape.

The burial place of the great Maria Yermolova is marked by a vase made of dark polished granite with a flowing drapery. A bas-relief profile of the actress is placed on a dark pedestal.

The bas-relief profile of the actor of unique talent, Innokenty Smoktunovsky, is depicted in a round medallion on a gray grave boulder. The bronze sculpture by Vyacheslav Tikhonov reproduces the image of an actor in the role of a scout Stirlitz. On the grave of Oleg Efremov there is a white marble rounded stele with a bas-relief Orthodox cross. The monument to Lyudmila Gurchenko combines black polished granite and snow-white marble with a full-length sculptural image of the actress. Yuri Yakovlev's grave is overshadowed by a white marble eight-pointed cross, decorated in the style of Chekhov's tombstone. The great comedian Yuri Nikulin is forever imprinted in bronze, sitting on a low curb-pedestal.

There are many memorable places at the Novodevichy Cemetery that allow you to remember the great voices of Russia - Chaliapin, Zykin, Yuri Levitan, a whole galaxy of artists, outstanding chess players, film directors, doctors, teachers, architects. This necropolis with twenty-five thousand graves is a real encyclopedia of Russian celebrities.

Novodevichy cemetery. Celebrity Lists

• Alexander Vertinsky
• Ludmila Zykina
• Elena Obraztsova
• Galina Vishnevskaya
• Claudia Shulzhenko
• Fyodor Chaliapin
• Leonid Utyosov
• Yuri Levitan

World Chess Champions

• Vasily Smyslov
• Mikhail Botvinnik

A galaxy of artists and famous patrons

• Valentin Serov
• Witold Byalynitsky-Birulya
• Isaac Levitan
• Mikhail Nesterov
• Tretyakov brothers

actors

• Arkady Raikin
• Yury Nikulin

Film directors

• Sershgei Eisenstein
• Sergei Bondarchuk
• Eldar Ryazanov

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When telling interlocutors about visiting a cemetery as a sight, you very often see surprise and wariness in the eyes. How, instead of magnificent estates, museums and art galleries, did you wander among the graves and admire the beauty, decoration, admire the sculptural compositions?!

Indeed, it does not look like a standard monument of architecture and art, but there is so much to see and learn from famous cemeteries! Almost every big city has its own famous burial grounds, where tourists flock and where guided tours are held. And there are plenty of people who want to!

Novodevichy cemetery

We offer you to take a walk through the two most famous and significant cemeteries in Moscow - Novodevichy and Vagankovsky. Great minds of our fatherland, heroes of the Second World War, statesmen, writers, poets, composers, actors, directors, singers, athletes rest on their territories - all these people left an eternal mark on Russian and world history. Our famous sculptors, artists and architects worked on a large number of monuments: M. Anikushin, E. Vuchetich, S. Konenkov, V. Mukhina, N. Tomsky, G. Schultz, many of them also found their last refuge in these cemeteries. Some tombstones keep amazing stories, secrets and assumptions that have remained undisclosed (we recommend reading the versions about the reburial of N.V. Gogol, and also find out where the stone was taken from the grave of M.A. Bulgakov. - Approx. Ed.).

Cemetery Vagankovsky

Despite the cold and rainy summer, we managed to take advantage of a few sunny days and capture our walk in photographs. Although it is worth noting that the cloudy and gloomy sky gives mystery and mysticism, which, of course, changes the overall mood and impression of the place. It all depends on the visitor, on what emotions you want to receive in a certain life period. There is something to think about here, and the silence and the feeling that time has stopped around help clarify thoughts and distract from everyday worries.

Novodevichy cemetery

Novodevichy Cemetery is considered the main Moscow necropolis. In Soviet times, it became the second most important burial place after the Kremlin wall. The cemetery is located in the southwestern part of the city, in Khamovniki, on the territory adjacent to the Novodevichy Convent (Sportivnaya metro station).

The first burials appeared in the 17th century on the territory of the Novodevichy Convent. By the 20th century, there was practically no free space left, and then land was allocated outside the southern wall of the monastery. The official opening date of this part is 1904. At the moment, the cemetery occupies more than 7.5 hectares, consists of 4 territories, where 26,000 people are buried.

The territory of the Novodevichy Convent is included in the UNESCO World Heritage List and is one of the most beautiful burial places in the world, deservedly included in the top 10.

Monument at the grave of a pop singer, People's Artist of the USSR Ludmila Zykina. The monument was made by People's Artist of Russia, Armenian sculptor Friedrich Sogoyan

Monument on the grave of a circus performer, film actor, TV presenter, director of the Circus on Tsvetnoy Boulevard Yuri Nikulin

Monument at the grave of the great Russian writer Anton Chekhov. Made in the Art Nouveau style according to the project of the artist L. M. Brailovsky

Monument on the grave of the artist and landscape painter Isaac Levitan

From left to right: a monument on the grave of an outstanding architect, a representative of romantic symbolism and constructivism Ilya Golosov; monument on the grave of a writer, academician, count Alexei Tolstoy

Monument at the grave of the great writer Mikhail Bulgakov."Golgotha" from the Black Sea granite previously stood on the grave of N.V. Gogol, in the cemetery of St. Danilov Monastery, and then, when the writer's remains were reburied, the stone was sent to the cemetery workshop. In the early 1950s, Golgotha ​​was discovered and bought by E. S. Bulgakov to be installed on her husband's grave. It is worth noting that M. A. Bulgakov was a passionate admirer of the talent of N. V. Gogol

Monument on the grave of the founder of children's literature Samuil Marshak. Sculptor N. B. Nikoghosyan. The monument is located in the Marshakov family memorial

Monument on the grave of a talented world-famous teacher, public figure and writer Anton Makarenko. The monument was made by sculptor Vladimir Tsigal and architect V. Kalinin

Monument on the grave of the greatest composer of the 20th century, pianist, teacher, People's Artist of the USSR Dmitri Shostakovich

Monument on the grave of a virtuoso violinist, teacher, People's Artist of the USSR Leonid Kogan. The monument was made by sculptor Yuri Orekhov in the style of geometric abstractionism

Monument on the grave of the composer and conductor Isaak Dunayevsky. The monument was made by a graduate student of the art university P. Melnikova and architect L. Polyakov

Monument on the grave of Russian writer, playwright and critic Nikolai Gogol. Initially, the writer was buried in the cemetery of the St. Danilov Monastery in Moscow, in 1931 the churchyard was liquidated, and the remains of the writer were reburied at the Novodevichy cemetery. The bronze cross from the grave was lost, and the Golgotha ​​was removed. The legend says that this tombstone was brought from the Crimea by Konstantin Aksakov especially for Gogol. In 1952, a monument was opened on the grave with a bust of N.V. Gogol on a pedestal, which was made by the sculptor N.V. Tomsky. And by the 200th anniversary of the birth of the writer, the authorities tried to return the grave to its original appearance.

Monument on the grave of a Russian and Soviet actor, theater and film director, winner of four Stalin Prizes Konstantin Zubov

Monument on the grave of the poet, playwright, one of the most prominent representatives of Soviet literature and avant-garde art of the early twentieth century - Vladimir Mayakovsky. The poet was cremated, the urn with the ashes was kept in the closed columbarium of the Donskoy cemetery, and in 1952 it was transferred to the territory of the Novodevichy cemetery. The monument was made by the Soviet sculptor Alexander Kibalnikov

Monument at the grave of the Soviet aircraft designer Semyon Lavochkin, specialized in the creation of fighters. family grave

Monument at the grave of an actor, film director, writer and screenwriter Vasily Shukshin

Monument at the grave of the aircraft designer, the founder of the Soviet school of aircraft construction, the "king of fighters" Nikolai Polikarpov

Monument on the grave of a Russian revolutionary, Soviet statesman and party leader Anastas Mikoyan

Monument on the grave of the Soviet commander, marshal of the armored forces (1944), deputy people's commissar of defense of the USSR Yakova Fedorenko

Monument on the grave of a prominent scientist, great military surgeon Nikolay Burdenko. His wife and son are buried nearby.

Monument at the grave of the writer, poetess and screenwriter Agnii Barto. family memorial

Monument on the grave of the famous virtuoso pianist, conductor, founder of the Moscow Conservatory Nicholas Rubinstein

Monument on the grave of the composer and pianist Alexandra Scriabin. The work of the sculptor E. A. Rudakov

Monument on the grave of a poet, prose writer, artist, architect Andrei Voznesensky. Family memorial. Voznesensky designed the monument for his mother's grave together with Zurab Tsereteli.

Monument on the grave of the actor and director of the puppet theater, an outstanding theatrical figure, People's Artist of the USSR Sergei Obraztsov

Monument on the grave of the famous actress, pop singer, favorite actress of many generations of Russians Ludmila Gurchenko. The monument was made by sculptors Yuri Khorovsky and Yuri Shabelnikov

Monument on the grave of a singer with a rare timbre (lyric soprano), famous operetta actress, People's Artist of the USSR Tatyana Shmyga. The work of sculptors Daria Uspenskaya and Vitaly Shanov

Monument at the grave of a popular film actress Clara Luchko. The work of sculptors Daria Uspenskaya and Vitaly Shanov

Monument on the grave of the greatest opera singer with world fame Fedor Chaliapin.The painting “Portrait of F. I. Chaliapin” by Konstantin Korovin was taken as the basis of the monument.

Monument at the grave of an outstanding physicist, doctor of sciences, professor, Nobel Prize winner Vitaly Ginzburg

Monument on the grave of the famous theater and film actor, People's Artist of the USSR, winner of the State Prize Evgenia Evstigneeva

Monument at the grave of the General Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR, Hero of the Soviet Union Nikita Khrushchev. The work of the famous sculptor Ernst Neizvestny

Monument at the grave of an aircraft designer, academician, colonel general of the engineering troops, laureate of the Lenin and five State Prizes of the USSR Andrey Tupolev. The monument was made by sculptor G. Taidze and architect Y. Belopolsky

Monument on the grave of a Russian statesman, the first president of Russia Boris Yeltsin

Monument on the grave of the Soviet painter, teacher, doctor of art history (1956), professor, director of the Moscow State Art Institute named after M.I. V. I. Surikov (1943-1948), First Secretary of the Board of the Union of Artists of the USSR (1958-1964) Sergei Gerasimov

Cemetery Vagankovsky

Vagankovskoye cemetery is a monument of Russian cultural heritage. The official year of foundation - 1771 - the time of the plague that accompanied the Russian-Turkish war. Both the Turkish and Russian armies suffered from the Plague Riot. By order of Empress Catherine II, those who died of the plague could not be buried within the city, so the land near the village of Vagankova was given over to the mass burial of ordinary Muscovites. The cemetery was filled with the graves of unknown people from the slums, poor peasants and petty officials until the 19th century - before the first burials of prominent personalities appeared.

There are more than 100 thousand graves on the territory of the Vagankovsky cemetery related to the tragic events of our history. Here are the mass graves of the fallen in the Battle of Borodino (1812); monuments to the victims of the Khodynka stampede (1896) and Stalinist repressions (1930); the graves of the defenders of Moscow (1941) and the victims of the August coup (1991). Also buried on Vagankovsky are those who died during the terrorist attack on Dubrovka (2002).

Church of the Resurrection of the Word, was founded on the site of a wooden church of St. John the Merciful (1773) designed by architect A. G. Grigoriev in 1824

Monument on the grave of a Russian poet Sergei Yesenin. Made by sculptor Anatoly Bichukov

Monument on the grave of the Soviet and Russian theater and film actor, film director, Honored Artist of the RSFSR (1986), People's Artist of the RSFSR (1991) Alexandra Abdulova

Monument on the grave of the Soviet and Russian poet, bard, prose writer and screenwriter, composer Bulat Okudzhava. The work of the sculptor Georgy Frangulyan

Monument on the grave of the Soviet theater and film actor, People's Artist of the RSFSR Sergei Yakovlev. The memorial was made by sculptor Vladimir Evropeytsev

From left to right: a monument on the grave of a writer, poet and playwright Vasily Aksenov; monument on the grave of a famous pop artist, actor Zinovy ​​Vysokovsky

Monument on the grave of the legendary goalkeeper, the face of Soviet football, the player of the Moscow Dynamo and the USSR national team Lev Yashin

Monument on the grave of a theater and film actor, one of the most recognizable Soviet artists Mikhail Pugovkin

Monument on the grave of a Soviet rock musician, author and performer of songs with a pronounced civic position Igor Talkov

Monument on the grave of a Russian architect Petra Skomoroshenko. Family burial, cultural heritage site

Monument on the grave of the Russian artist-itinerant, the author of the landscape "The Rooks Have Arrived" Alexey Savrasov

Monument on the grave of a modernist architect, painter, who made an invaluable contribution to Russian architecture, Fyodor Shekhtel. Family burial, the project of the memorial was carried out personally by the architect during his lifetime

Monument on the grave of the famous Soviet bard, theater and film actor Vladimir Vysotsky. The work of the sculptor Alexander Rukavishnikov

Monument at the grave of an outstanding opera and pop singer, soloist of the Bolshoi Theater (since 1975) Yuri Gulyaev

Monument on the grave of the inventor, specialist in rocket technology, Hero of Socialist Labor Nikolai Tikhomirov(cover name, real name - Sletov Nikolai Viktorovich)

Monument on the grave of the Soviet theater and film actor, pop artist, People's Artist of the RSFSR Andrey Mironov. Buried next to mother

If you liked our short tour, then drop all prejudices and boldly hit the road in order to see the famous cemeteries with your own eyes. Moreover, you can’t see all the monuments in the photo, and the atmosphere of these places will help you feel only your personal presence!

The Novodevichy Cemetery in Moscow is one of the most famous necropolises in Russia, which appeared in the 16th century and was officially rebuilt in 1898 near the Novodevichy Convent according to the designs of architects S.K. Rodionov, I.P. Mashkov. Today, the pantheon occupies a significant area of ​​the Moscow district of Khamovniki in the Central Administrative District (about 7.5 hectares) and is divided into the Old (1904-1949), New (1949-1970) and Newest (1970-2000) Novodevichy cemetery.

Playwright Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol 31.03.1809-4.03.1852	Writer Mikhail Afanasyevich Bulgakov 15.05.1891-10.03.1940	Artist Isaac Ilyich Levitan 30.08.1860-4.08.1900
President Boris Nikolaevich Yeltsin 1.02.1931-23.04.2007	Engineer Andrei Nikolaevich Tupolev 10.10.1888-23.12.1972	Singer Lyudmila Georgievna Zykina 10.07.1929-1.08.2009

Over 25,000 people are buried in the cemetery. In the tombs of the Smolensk Cathedral at the monastery are the graves of Anna Ioanovna (daughter of Tsar Ivan the Terrible), Princess Sofya Ioannovna and Empress Evdokia Lopukhina (sister of Tsar Peter I and his first wife), Princes Obolensky.

On the territory of the Old Novodevichy cemetery there are graves of the heroes of the war of 1812, including the poet Denis Davydov (1784-1839), the Decembrist princes S. Trubetskoy (1790-1860), A. N. Muravyov (1792-1863), M.I. Muravyov-Apostol (1793-1863), revolutionary A. N. Pleshcheev (1825-1893), historians and philosophers I. I. Lazhechnikov (1790-1869), A. F. Pisemsky (1821-1881), S. M. Solovyov (1820-1879), General A. A. Brusilov (1853-1926).

The ashes of the writers N.V. Gogol, S.T. Aksakov, V.A. Gilyarovsky, A. P. Chekhov, A. N. Tolstoy, I. A. Ilf, M. A. Bulgakov, S. Ya. Marshak, V. M. Shukshin, poets D. V. Venevitinov and V. V. Mayakovsky , the artist I. I. Levitan, the creators of the modern Russian theater K. S. Stanislavsky and V. I. Nemirovich-Danchenko, the actors L. P. Orlov, M. N. Ermolova and V. P. Maretskaya, the directors U. B. Vakhtangov, S.M. Eisenstein and V. I. Pudovkin, composers A. N. Skryabin, I. O. Dunaevsky, S. S. Prokofiev and D. D. Shostakovich, singers F. I. Chaliapin and L. V. Sobinov, scientists S. I. Vavilov, I. M. Sechenov, P. P. Kashchenko and V. I. Vernadsky, architects A. V. Shchusev and V. I. Mukhina.

The first president of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, N. S. Khrushchev, aircraft designers S. V. Ilyushin and A. N. Tupolev, pilot A. Maresyev, cosmonauts G. Beregovoy and G. Titov, writers I. G. Erenburg, A. T. Tvardovsky, N. A. Zabolotsky, S. V. Mikhalkov, Yu. Nagibin and Yu. S. Semenov, directors I. A. Pyriev, M. I. Romm, S. Gerasimov, S. Bondarchuk, singers A. N. Vertinsky, L. Utesov, L. G. Zykina, L. A. Ruslanova, M. N. Bernes, K. Shulzhenko, composers O. B. Feltsman, S. T. Richter, M. L. Rostropovich, G. Sviridov, D. Kabalevsky, A. Schnittke, N. Bogoslovsky, J. Frenkel, ballerina G. S. Ulanova, artists Emil and Igor Kio, Yu. V Nikulin, Yu. V. Yakovlev, R. Plyatt, E. Leonov, A. Papanov, I. Ilyinsky, R. Bykov, N. Kryuchkov, I. Smoktunovsky, E. Matveev, E. Evstigneev, M. Ulyanov, O Yankovsky, announcer Y. Levitan

Since 1922, the Novodevichy Convent has been turned into an open-air museum, although in the 1930s more than two thousand burials were destroyed in its necropolis. In 2007, burials at the cemetery were officially discontinued after the funeral of M. Rostropovich. Today the cemetery is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Located not far from the Sportivnaya metro station in Moscow, the Novodevichy Cemetery is known primarily for the fact that many graves of celebrities are located on its territory. It is because of this that the necropolis attracts the attention of tourists and people interested in the historical past of Russia, the personalities of prominent people.

History of the necropolis

WITH The cemetery got its name due to its proximity to the Novodevichy Convent. Official documents on the commission of planned burials here date back to 1898, and its opening took place in 1904. The expansion of the capital and the increase in its population inevitably led to an increase in the territory of the cemetery. Official decrees on the inclusion of nearby territories into the necropolis were issued twice:

• in 1949, the so-called New Novodevichy Cemetery was formed to the south of the original territory;
• at the end of the 70s. It was decided to create the newest Novodevichy cemetery.

As a result of these expansions, at the moment the territory of the necropolis is approximately 7.5 hectares, and more than 26 thousand people are buried here. The importance of Novodevichy as a cultural site is evidenced by the UNESCO decree on its inclusion in the list of one hundred most important necropolises in the world.

Initially, on the lands adjacent to the monastery, his deceased novices were buried by order of the Grand Duke of Moscow Vasily III. Over time, graves of ordinary Muscovites began to appear. From the middle of the 17th century, the sources contain information about the funeral rite being performed on the territory of the monastery cemetery over the deceased daughters of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich. Prior to this, the Kremlin Archangel Cathedral was the necropolis of the ruling dynasty. The burials of the representatives of the reigning dynasty away from the main necropolis are explained by two reasons:

The burials of members of the ruling dynasty at Novodevichy did not make this cemetery a place for the posthumous resting place of privileged persons. A certain trend towards this has been observed since the second half of the 19th century. There are more and more graves of intellectuals and successful merchants. Largely due to this, the decrees of 1898 and 1904 were held, and the territory of the cemetery was fenced.

The revolution of 1917 for some time stopped the process of turning Novodevichy into

necropolis for the elite. Since that time, funerals of ordinary Muscovites have been held here. But already in 1922 the territory of the cemetery was declared a museum. Restoration work is being carried out, and a large square with picturesque alleys is being laid out to increase the attractiveness of the place. However, the latter led to the destruction and damage of old graves.

By the decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of 1927, the territory of the cemetery was reserved for the burial of persons who held a high position in society. At the same time, the necropolis was also reorganized. Historical burials were divided into four sectors. Subsequently, four more were added to them: only graves of the 20th century can be found on their territory.

In connection with the increase in the number of the deceased, associated with the growth of the population of Moscow, the columbarium, which still operates today, was opened, where there are urns with the ashes of the deceased. At the moment, more than seven thousand urns are stored in the columbarium.

As already mentioned, the special status of the cemetery is associated with the abundance of graves of famous people here. Most of them are marked by monuments made by recognized sculptors. Among those celebrities who are buried at the Novodevichy Cemetery, several groups can be distinguished:

Monument to Yeltsin

Perhaps the most famous burial is the grave, the photo of which is attached below. This is the grave of the first elected president of the Russian Federation - Boris Nikolaevich Yeltsin (died April 23, 2007). At first, there was a traditional small hill and a wooden Orthodox cross at the burial site. Later, as an assessment of Yeltsin's merits in the formation of the new Russian statehood, his grave was "covered" with a marble Russian tricolor.

Tombstone N.S. Khrushchev

The monument to Khrushchev at the Novodevichy Cemetery was made by the avant-garde sculptor Ernst Neizvestny. During the years when Nikita Sergeevich headed the Soviet Union, he severely criticized the exhibition of works of contemporary art. In fact, this meant a ban on creating. However, after the removal from power, Khrushchev revised his views. Therefore, his son Sergei personally turned to Neizvestny with a request to design a monument for his father.

In his work, the sculptor symbolically expressed the dual nature of the former general secretary. The monument represents the golden head of Khrushchev, standing in a white marble niche against a background of black granite. This is how Nikita Sergeevich was remembered by society: invariably wishing the best for his country, he made monstrous mistakes that cost the economy and foreign policy dearly.

It should be noted that the Brezhnev authorities reacted coolly to the idea of ​​the Unknown. Some saw in black granite a hint of the stagnation that swept the country in the 70s. With great difficulty, the family of the deceased managed to obtain permission to erect a monument by Neizvestny.

Not all famous people wanted to be buried in a prestigious place.. For example, Vasily Shukshin really wanted to be taken to Siberia, where he was born, after his death. His mother insisted on the same. But the significance of Shukshin for Soviet culture in the eyes of the authorities seemed to be a more important factor in comparison with the last will of the deceased and the desires of his family.

For the Minister of Internal Affairs of the Soviet Union, Andrei Gromyko, the grave on Novodevichy turned out to be a kind of downgrading in status. The fact is that it was originally planned to bury his body near the Kremlin wall, as was done with the most prominent political figures of the Soviet era. But the situation changed, the USSR entered a period of severe crisis and fell apart before our eyes. Burial on the territory of the Kremlin has lost its relevance.

Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation in 1998-1999 Yevgeny Maksimovich Primakov was also buried at Novodevichy against his will. He wanted to rest next to his wife at the Kuntsevo cemetery, but the instructions of the authorities ignored his desire. The only thing in which his last will was observed was a poem engraved on a gray granite monument: “ I firmly decided everything: to be in the team to the end, until I run out of steam, until I fall. And if it becomes unbearably hard, then I won’t leave the road either.”It was written by Evgeny Maksimovich himself.

Monument as a symbol

Most of the tombstones of Novodevichy reflect the professional side of the activities of the people buried there. For example, General Lebed is forever imprinted in his tunic, decorated with all the medals and insignia he received. The grave of TV presenter and traveler Yuri Senkevich is decorated with a sculptural wave with a reed vessel in memory of his sailing on the boats "Ra" and "Tigris" with Thor Heyerdahl.

The famous Russian clown and remembered for his role as the Dunce in the comedies of Leonid Gaidai, Yuri Nikulin, was also buried at Novodevichy. His monument is a bronze sculpture sitting with a cigarette between his fingers next to the grave. The monument to another famous actor, Vyacheslav Tikhonov, is a sculptural image of Stirlitz - his character from the popular film series Seventeen Moments of Spring.

In recognition of the merits of famous writers, their monuments are complemented by artistic depictions of the characters in their works. According to this principle, the tombstone of Alexander Fadeev was created: his monument is surrounded by sculptural images of characters from the novel The Young Guard. Popular under the Soviet regime, Alexei Tolstoy, after his death, is also in the company of the heroes of his novels: “Walking through the torments” and “Peter the Great”.

The poet Andrey Voznesensky personally developed the design of his tombstone. According to his plan, a split tombstone made of dark granite was installed on the grave, along which a massive ball rolls down. Only a small crucifix keeps the ball from the final fall. At the request of the poet, there are no images or sculptures on his grave.

The history of the burial of N.V. Gogol

Dark legends are associated with every cemetery.. For Novodevichy, such a legend arose due to the reburial in 1931 of the famous writer Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol. This happened at the height of the anti-religious policy in the USSR. Then it was decided to liquidate the Danilovsky Monastery and the cemetery belonging to it. During the transfer of the ashes of the deceased, the coffin was opened, and it was found that the inside of its lid was scratched. From here came rumors that the writer was buried alive.

The old monument to Gogol (a black stone with an uneven surface symbolizing Golgotha) was given as a tombstone to another Russian writer, Mikhail Bulgakov. Instead, a sculptural image of Gogol was installed with a dedication on behalf of the Soviet authorities. Only in 2009 did the writer's gravestone take on its original form..

Excursion programs

Even this cursory review allows us to form a certain idea of ​​the significance of the necropolis in the cultural heritage of the country. Excursions are constantly held here for both domestic and foreign tourists, special guides and maps or diagrams are compiled by sections. Throughout the week, from 10 am to 5 pm, the entire Novodevichy Cemetery is open for visits. The address is easy to remember: Moscow, Luzhitsky proezd, 2.

For those who do not have the opportunity to personally get into the excursion group, virtual tours are offered, which, moreover, is much cheaper than standard ones. But people who believe that such a service cannot be compared with the magical sensation that occurs when entering the territory where people like Vishnevsky or Chernyakhovsky are buried, of course, should go there personally. There are different types of transport to the Novodevichy cemetery: you can get there by metro, and get there by trolleybus or taxi.

The Vagankovo ​​cemetery is one of the largest in Moscow. It was built in 1771 by order of Count Orlov.

This happened at a time when the plague was raging in the Russian Empire. The territory of the Vagankovsky cemetery was allocated for the burial of those who were killed by this disease.

Only in the 19th century did they begin to bury outstanding personalities in the cemetery - about 100 thousand burials reflect the history of our state.

Participants of the Battle of Borodino, victims of Stalin's repressions, participants in the Great Patriotic War (1941-1942), children who died in the terrorist attack on Dubrovka, various famous personalities are buried in the cemetery - more than 500 thousand Muscovites in total, while only 100 thousand of all burials have been preserved .

Where is the Vagankovskoye cemetery in Moscow

The object is located at the address: Sergey Makeev street, house 15.

The area of ​​the cemetery is almost 48 hectares. This article will serve as a kind of guide between the sites where the graves of famous people are located.

Scheme showing graves

The Vagankovskoye cemetery is very extensive, without any plan or scheme, it is impossible to navigate. The diagram shown in the photo shows the location of 60 burial sites, each of which has its own number.

Two mass graves and the Orthodox Church are indicated. The paths between the sections also have their own names. Also, opposite the Vagankovsky cemetery, the Armenian cemetery is located, which is its branch.

Where can I get a complete list of graves

A complete list of burials can be found at the cemetery administration or at the special site. resources. For example, here https://nekropole.info/ru/person/list?cemetery_id=3433 is a list of all persons buried at the Vagankovsky cemetery in Moscow.

Another interesting resource offers an interactive map http://vagankovo.net/interaktivnaya-karta/. By clicking on any site number, the link is followed and a list of persons buried here opens.

Which celebrity is buried

Excursions are held at the Vagankovsky cemetery for those who wish, during which sightseers will see the graves of famous personalities of our country - poets Bulat Okudzhava, Vladimir Vysotsky, Sergei Yesenin, artist Alexei Savrasov, actors Alexander Abdulov, Andrei Mironov, TV presenters Vladimir Voroshilov and Vladislav Listyev, and many others .

Grave of Vladimir Vysotsky

Vladimir Semyonovich was buried at the Vagankovsky cemetery in 1980. His grave is located next to the entrance to the cemetery, on the right side.

His site - at number 1, is still one of the most visited. His mother, Vysotskaya Nina Maksimovna, is buried next to Vysotsky.

Grave of Alexander Abdulov

A. A. Abdulov was born on May 29, 1953. The artist died on January 3, 2008. A few months before his death, he was diagnosed with lung cancer.

Alexander Gavrilovich was a famous theater and film actor. Worked at the Lenkom Theatre. The number of films in which Abdulov starred has lost count. The number varies from 100 to 150 paintings. He was buried at the Vagankovsky cemetery at site number 2.

Grave of George Vitsin

G. M. Vitsin was born on April 5, 1917. Due to chronic diseases of the liver and heart, Vitsin passed away on October 22, 2001. Georgy Mikhailovich was a theater and film actor. He worked at the Yermolova Theater. He was involved in more than 300 works.

People know him from such films as "Prisoner of the Caucasus", "Gentlemen of Fortune". Unfortunately, in the last years of his life, his work was no longer in demand. He was buried on October 25, 2001 at the Vagankovsky cemetery on site 12A.

Grave of Igor Talkov

I. V. Talkov was born on November 4, 1956. He was a singer, actor, poet. Took part in 18 projects. During a concert at the Yubileiny Sports Complex in St. Petersburg, Talkov was shot dead. He seemed to have a premonition of his death and knew how he would be killed.

He said that they would shoot at him in front of a large number of people, and the shooter would never be found. And so it happened. The killer of Igor Vladimirovich hid in Israel for a long time. The singer's funeral took place on October 9, he was buried at the Vagankovsky cemetery site number 25.

Grave of Sergei Yesenin

How to find the grave of a famous poet? In order for everyone to honor the memory of Sergei Yesenin, guide signs were installed at the Vagankovsky cemetery near the entrance. Near the grave of the poet is the grave of Galina Benislavskaya, a girl in love with the poet.

S. A. Yesenin was born on September 21, 1895. On December 28, 1925, Yesenin was found hanged in his room at the Angeleterre Hotel in St. Petersburg. He was an outstanding poet of the Silver Age. His poems have always been in demand and loved. Until now, his poems are read, they are taught in schools.

The grave of Sergei Alexandrovich is the most visited at the Vagankovsky cemetery. There are always fresh flowers on it. Yesenin's grave is constantly visited by fans of his work.

Grave of Vladislav Listyev

V. N. Listyev was born on May 10, 1956. He was a TV presenter and TV journalist. He was also the first general director of ORT. Before that, he was the host of numerous popular TV shows, such as Field of Miracles, Guess the Melody, Rush Hour.

On March 1, 1995, Listyev was shot dead in the front door of his house. He spent a little more than a month as director of ORT. The investigation into Listyev's murder is still ongoing. His grave with a tombstone is located on site number 1.

Grave of Vyacheslav Ivankov (Jap)

V. K. Ivankov was born on January 2, 1940. He was a crime boss and a thief in law. Created his own criminal group. Groupings under the guise of a police search got into the apartments of those who, in their opinion, earned money by unclean labor. Some were taken to the forest and tortured. Gangs worked throughout the USSR.

On July 28, 2009, Yaponchik was attacked. He received several gunshot wounds and was taken to the hospital, where he was put into an induced coma. From September 13 to September 14, Ivankov experienced a clinical death, and on October 9 he died in an oncology center from peritonitis.

Yaponchik's grave is of great interest, so excursions are occasionally given to it. Vyacheslav Ivankov is buried at site number 55.

Grave of Andrey Mironov

A. A. Mironov was born on March 7, 1941. He was an Honored Artist of the RSFSR. He has been involved in more than 80 projects. His work is admired to this day. He gave his all to the theatre. As they say, he spent his whole life on stage. Death also caught him on the stage.

At the play "The Marriage of Figaro", where he played the main role, he had a brain hemorrhage. Later, the actor was found to have a congenital aneurysm. Andrey Alexandrovich Mironov was buried at site number 40.

Conclusion

The most famous attraction of the Vagankovsky cemetery is the Church of the Resurrection of the Word, built in the period 1819 - 1831. Previously, there was a small wooden church in the cemetery (1773), on the site of which there is currently a rotunda.

Divine services are regularly held in the existing stone church, memorial services are performed, a lot of missionary and educational work is being carried out, and a Sunday school for children is functioning.

All information, schedule, opening hours, news and much more can be seen on the official website http://vagankovo.net/.