What three crimes did the German commit? Test: “Three atrocities of Herman” - A. Pushkin “The Queen of Spades”. Analysis of "The Queen of Spades" by A.S. Pushkin

In his work, Pushkin vividly describes St. Petersburg - the capital of the empire, a breed of ghostly absurd life, a city of fantastic events, incidents, ideals, a city that dehumanizes people, disfiguring their feelings, desires, thoughts, their lives. And this is true, because Hermann at first wanted to achieve wealth in an honest way, but as soon as he learned about the secret of the three cards, Hermann became a completely different person. He began to chase this secret, and was ready to “sell” his soul to the devil. The thought of money clouded this man's mind. So, Hermann’s first crime is deceiving himself. Let's return to the description of Peter once again. Pushkin described the area so accurately that in the former capital itself you can find this street and house. Now this is Gogol Street, house 10. This house previously belonged to Princess Natalya Petrovna. Tradition called this house the mansion of the “Queen of Spades.” After the publication of the work, it became very popular, young men bet three cards, and others found similarities between Princess Natalya Petrovna and the Countess***. Pushkin himself writes: “My “Queen of Spades” is in great fashion.” In general, in Pushkin’s work, Hermann sets himself the goal of finding out the secret of the three cards at all costs. And so he wants to become the old woman’s lover, but, having learned about Lisa, he begins to write letters to her (Lisa): “The letter contained a declaration of love: but it was gentle, respectful and word for word taken from a German novel. But Lizaveta Ivanovna did not understand French and was very pleased with it." And she (Lisa), not knowing the feeling of love, believed Hermann, and he simply used her as a “bridge” between himself and the countess. And now we notice the second crime - Lisa’s deception. He deceived her throughout the entire action, when he learned the secret of the three cards, he stopped meeting with her, and when he found himself in the Obukhov hospital, he completely forgot about her. In “The Queen of Spades” one can notice moments that can be called “random”: “”...Thinking in this way, he found himself in one of the main streets of St. Petersburg, in front of a house of ancient architecture... -Whose house is this? – he (Hermann) asked the corner guard. “Countesses***,” answered the guard. Hermann trembled. The amazing anecdote again presented itself to his imagination. He began to walk around the house, thinking about its owner and about its wonderful ability...” Apparently Gemann was drawn to this unremarkable house by some “unknown force.” And she “pulled him towards her.” And yet, what is Hermann’s third crime? I believe that this is selling your soul to the devil. After all, being the bearer of this terrible secret, you make a deal with the devil. Why did Hermann “turn himself off”? but it’s all very simple, he did not keep his promise, because the countess made a reservation: “”... so that you marry my pupil Lizaveta Ivanovna...” He had no intention of marrying her at all. For this, the Countess, who acquired the ability to examine the souls of people, punished our hero. Another opinion is that the countess specifically named the wrong card so that the devil would “not pay for Hermann’s soul”, but simply take it away... And so Hermann ends up in the Obukhov psychiatric hospital. He has only one thing in his head: ""...three, seven, ace!.. three, seven, queen!.."" V.G. Belinsky wrote: “Pushkin belongs to the number of creative geniuses, those greatest historical figures who, working for the present, prepare the future, therefore, cannot belong only to the past.” Maybe that’s why Pushkin’s works are immortal. They were popular in Pushkin’s time, and they are still popular now...

Sections: Literature

I think he has at least three crimes on his conscience.

A. S. Pushkin

By type: lesson in generalizing and systematizing knowledge.

In form: lesson-reflection.

Teaching method: stimulation and motivation of educational and cognitive activity:

a) creation of an emotional and moral situation.

Goals:

developing:

a) develop the skills and abilities of comparative analysis of a work;
b) develop skills and abilities to work with critical material;
c) consolidate the ability to formulate conclusions.

educational:

a) introduce the concept of a philosophical and psychological story;
b) continue to work on developing the skills to convey your thoughts concisely and accurately;

Develop skills in working with handouts in groups.

educational:

c) awaken a sense of responsibility for your own life, for your actions.

Pushkin loved the game. She attracted him because she responded to his passionate, emotional nature.

He played billiards and chess with pleasure and enthusiasm. Not being a strong chess player, he was very upset about the defeat.

Among the games, cards occupied the most prominent place. The theme of cards was especially evident in the story “The Queen of Spades”. And it is no coincidence that Pushkin took the interpretation of the Queen of Spades from the Newest Fortune-Telling Book as the epigraph to the story. The peak theme of the lady means secret malevolence. And the epigraph to our lesson is the words taken from this work (read)

That’s why the theme of our lesson is “Three Atrocities.”

Questions for the class.

– Is this work relevant today?
– Which of the heroes is it talking about?

Group work form.

The next stage of our work is to find out who committed these atrocities, why, and what were the consequences?

(I distribute questions to groups that will help solve the problem. During independent work in groups, a fragment from P. I. Tchaikovsky’s opera “The Queen of Spades“ is heard)

Let's start the discussion:

-Who committed these atrocities?

Questions for groups:

GROUP 1: Hermann’s first villainy (Figure 1) is the deceived Lizaveta Petrovna.

1) What can you say about her life?
2) What prompted her to respond to the advances of a military engineer in love?
Did German manage to fall in love with Lizaveta Ivanovna in that short time? When was the fatal goal of his courtship to enter the Countess's house?
3) What prevented him from completely surrendering to the feeling that arose.

GROUP 2: the second victim is the old princess.

1) The story of her life, the characteristics of the character.
2) Does Hermann feel guilty? Does he repent of what he did?

GROUP 3: the third victim is Hermann himself.

1) What kind of person is this?
2) How did Tomsky talk about Hermann?
3) Why does Herman go to the monastery where the countess was supposed to have a funeral service?
4) Why did Pushkin choose these three cards from a deck of cards?
5) Game with Chekalinsky. How does Hermann appear during the game?

– Do you think these three atrocities are united?

(Commenting on the supporting summary)

Conclusion to the entire lesson:

He lost because greed and the thirst for enrichment gradually overshadowed all other human feelings in his soul. A man with the soul of Mephistopheles turns into a mentally ill person. Dreaming of finding peace and independence, he is forced to restlessly repeat the names of the three fatal cards until the end of his days.

"The Three Villains of Herman"

(based on the story “The Queen of Spades”)

Target: To teach awareness of the moral and ethical content of a work of art.

Tasks:

· summarize the reading and analysis of the story;

· conduct a comparative analysis of the image of the main character of the story with other characters;

· draw moral and ethical conclusions.

Decor: computer presentation.

The use of problem-based and group learning technologies, computer technologies.

During the classes

I. Conversation on the following issues:

- What is Pushkin’s story “The Queen of Spades” about? About the mysterious unpredictability of life, about the temptation to calculate its course, about the tragic turns of history, about loyalty to duty and honor. Our lesson will raise questions of honor and dishonor, purpose and meaning of human life - key questions in creativity, whose words “And I awakened good feelings with my lyre” gave direction for the development of Russian literature up to the present day.

-At home you should have prepared the story of the creation of the story. Who wants to answer?

The history of the creation of “The Queen of Spades” (student answer option):

A curious incident that became known to Pushkin gave impetus to the plot of “The Queen of Spades.” Pushkin told his friend Nashchokin that the plot of the “Queen of Spades” was not fictional. The young Prince Golitsyn told him how he once lost badly at cards. I had to bow to my grandmother Natalya Petrovna Golitsyna, an arrogant and domineering person, and ask her for money. She didn't give me any money. But she kindly passed on the magical secret of the three winning cards, told to her by the once famous Count of Saint-Germain. The grandson bet on these cards and won back.

II.In Golitsyn’s boastful story, Pushkin caught the plot. More precisely, the grain of the plot.

- What did Pushkin change in the story he heard from Prince Golitsyn?

- What new characters did you introduce?

- Why in Pushkin, unlike Golitsyn’s anecdote, the main character is not Russian by birth, the old woman and Herman are not relatives?

- Why was the image of Lisa introduced?

And the ending of Pushkin's story does not at all resemble the rosy end of Golitsyn's card adventure - the hero goes crazy. It turns out that from what was heard, only the skeleton was taken, which was clothed with the living flesh of human characters. From a funny story that fluttered through social salons, a story of deep ethical meaning grew. This is how another mystery of Pushkin’s prose appears before the readers.

And the solution lies, first of all, in the image of the main character. Hermann and his actions will be the subject of analysis in our lesson. And let the leading method of analysis be a comparison of the hero with other characters in the story, as well as an analysis of artistic details and their role in revealing the idea of ​​the story.

III. Herman is included in two contrasting comparisons: Herman and a circle of people of the same era, but of a different social type (Liza, Tomsky, Narumov, Surin) and Herman and representatives of the nobility of another era - the passing century (the old countess, Chekalinsky).

From the dictionary:

Artistic detail- a detail of a landscape, portrait, interior or psychological characteristics of a character, highlighted by the writer among all other details in order to emphasize its special pictorial, expressive or symbolic meaning. One detail can replace a whole series of details. The detail focuses the reader's attention on what seems to the writer the most important or characteristic in nature, in a person or in the objective world around him. In the selection itself, the “strengthening” of certain details that turn into artistic details, the author’s attitude towards life and characters is manifested.

VI.- What is the main character of the story? (Chapter 1)

- What does he say about himself? (Chapter 1)

- What do those with whom he spends time say about him?

- What distinguishes the hero from other participants in the card game at the beginning of the story?

Reading the text of the story (chapter 2):

“The game occupies me greatly,” said Hermann, “but I am not able to sacrifice what is necessary in the hope of acquiring what is superfluous.” Tomsky about Hermann: “Hermann is a German: he is calculating, that’s all! I think he has at least three crimes on his conscience.”

Let's write down in a notebook key words that characterize the hero's nature:calculating, secretive, ambitious, strong passions, fiery imagination, firmness. Before us is a psychological portrait of a man who is contradictory in many ways: he combines passion and restraint, fiery imagination and secrecy.

Does the author clearly identify negative traits in Hermann’s character? I think no. It is always more important what direction the hero himself gives to his impulses and desires. The author offers us a unique “formula of life” for Hermann, which the hero hopes will lead him to success: "No! calculation, moderation and hard work: these are my three true cards, this is what will triple, seventeen my capital and give me peace and independence!”

Let's write this phrase in our notebooks, because in it is the goal of the hero’s life - peace and independence, and here the means of achieving the goal are calculation, moderation and hard work.

- Is it possible to achieve success in life using these means?

- How is the “formula” used in the future? How true is it? Let's compare the hero with representatives of the noble youth in the story. Name them (Narumov, Surin, Tomsky). Hermann differs from Tomsky and other young people: everything is given to them for free, but for the hero life is hard, he is a man of modest income and modest social status. Therefore, their attitude towards the game is different: for them it is fun, for him it is the power of success, money that gives power.

- What lengths does the hero go to for money? Let us pay attention to two plot moves of Pushkin, which we have already discussed and which are absent from the notorious joke.

- Why are Pushkin’s Hermann and the Countess not relatives?

- Why was the image of Lisa introduced?

Hermann is overwhelmed by a thirst for enrichment - this is his main feature. He feverishly goes over all the possibilities in his mind: “... introduce himself to her, win her favor...”, “perhaps become her lover.” Lover of an old woman about ninety years old! Monstrous, unnatural intention! But not for Hermann. He is ready for anything; There is a solid calculation here and absolutely no... feelings. Where will the hero's calculation lead? What is missing in his formula for success - “calculation, moderation, hard work”?

V.“Calculation” is a word that is repeated more than once. His love affairs? Same calculation. Without Lisa, the plot of the story would not have developed. When conceiving "The Queen of Spades", Pushkin faced the question: how to build a plot so that Hermann could meet face to face with the impregnable owner of an alluring secret? This is how the image of the young pupil arose.

- Let's meet Lisa. “And this is my life!” thought Lizaveta Ivanovna. Comment on the girl's words. We also sympathize with the heroine because by nature, “she was proud, keenly aware of her position.”

Let's turn to one of the pages of the story and read an episode from Chapter 2. The Countess is getting ready for a walk, tormenting her poor pupil with unfounded reproaches. “Someone else’s bread is bitter,” says Dante, “and the steps of someone else’s porch are heavy, and who would know the bitterness of dependence if not the poor pupil of a noble old woman?.. Lizaveta Ivanovna was a domestic martyr.”

- Who does Lisa Hermann become for? For her, he is a mysterious lover, a hope for liberation from addiction, a hope for happiness. And who does she become for him? For Hermann, Lisa is only an instrument of a carefully conceived plan - to penetrate the countess's bedroom. Not falling in love is calculation, not sincerity is a neatly constructed deceitful game.

VI. Let's pay attention to the word "game". This is another key to unraveling Pushkin's story.

- What did Hermann want to achieve success? Card game. Circumstances have changed, this was not enough - and he gets involved in the love game. Where is real life? Why does Hermann is she not there?

Where there is no place for real feelings, there is no real life. An inexperienced girl falls into the nets set by the hero. By coincidence (and by the will of the author), before the fateful night date, Tomsky, dancing a mazurka with Liza at the ball, mentions Hermann and gives him an unusual description.

(Reading by roles: Liza and Tomsky, chapter 4 - “mazurochka chat”).

- Who does Tomsky compare German to?

- What is hidden in this short and incredibly capacious comparison: Herman - Napoleon - Mephistopheles?

Let's remember Pushkin:

We all look at Napoleons.

There are millions of two-legged creatures

For us there is only one weapon...

- At what point will Lizaveta Ivanovna herself be amazed at the hero’s resemblance to Napoleon?

VII. In a conversation with Lisa, Tomsky says about Hermann that “he has at least three atrocities on his conscience.” Which ones do you think?

For the story, the number “three” is key: three cards, three main characters and, finally, three villains - according to Tomsky. And if we are even more careful, we will remember that there are also three components of Hermann’s formula: “Calculation, moderation and hard work.”

- What can three cards represent?

At the end of the story, instead of triumph, there is collapse! The card on which Hermann made his maximum bet, the bat, is the collapse of the formula of life, in which moderation and hard work have long given way to calculation. The first victim is the Countess. Hermann, of course, did not intend to kill her: his pistol was not even loaded. But could an almost 90-year-old old woman withstand a sudden invasion at night by a stranger? What is the hero's reaction to the death of the Countess?(Hermann “did not feel remorse at the thought of the dead old woman. One thing terrified him: the irrevocable loss of the secret from which he expected enrichment”).

The second victim is Lisa. Does the hero even feel pity towards her? Hiding in the Countess's office, Hermann heard Lisa's hurried steps. Chapter 5: “Something resembling remorse echoed in his heart and fell silent again. He turned to stone.” And after what happened, “neither the poor girl’s tears nor the amazing beauty of her grief disturbed his stern soul.” True, three days later (the number three again!) Hermann went to the monastery: “I don’t feel repentance, he could not, however, completely drown out the voice of conscience...” But the reader, following Pushkin, understands: this is not repentance, this is just prejudice . Hermann completely petrified his soul: there was no conscience or pity left in him. So, not only the old countess became a victim of Hermann, but also Lisa. True, Hermann did not destroy Lisa. In the last lines of the story it is even reported that she married “a very kind young man.” Everything ended well for her, didn’t it? But let’s think about the words “a very kind young man” - after all, in Pushkin’s story every word is weighed. “Dear...” Does this mean that he is a kind, sincere person? Is there a hint of love here? No. Lisa did not marry for love: her soul was broken by Hermann’s cruel deception.

- Who became the third victim in Hermann’s game? The third victim of his destructive passion is Hermann himself. He offers the countess a secret: “... I am ready to take your sin upon my soul.”

VIII. Before considering the climactic scene taking place in Chekalinsky’s master’s apartment (Chapter 6), let us clarify the rules of the game of Stoss. From a deck of cards scattered on the table, players (ponters, or punters) choose the one they bet on. The other deck is in the hands of the banker, who throws cards left and right. If the chosen card falls to the right, the banker wins; if it falls to the left, the punter wins.

- What happened in Chekalinsky’s gambling house? What is the atmosphere of this house? What was the game like the decisive third time?(Chapter 6)

- We have a fight ahead of us. Tell me: a duel between whom and whom? Card duel between Herman and the banker? Herman and the old countess who took revenge on him? Or Herman with himself?

IX. In the story "The Queen of Spades" there is no word honor. If another, similar to him, has the same root - “ambition” - in Hermann’s description: “... he was secretive and ambitious.”

- Let’s select synonyms for the word “ambition”: “vanity”, “desire for power”, “desire for glory”.

- From what words is the word “vanity” derived? From the words “vain glory,” that is, in vain. This means that “ambition” is the desire for unnecessary, vain glory. Hermann seeks to learn the secret of three cards, and these cards are “three, seven, ace.”

In these cards, the hope for happiness is how the hero understands it. But at the beginning of the story (Chapter 2), Hermann reflects: “No! Calculation, moderation and hard work: these are my three true cards, this is what will triple, seventeen my capital...”

“Tripling” is a “three”, “sevening” is a “seven”, “capital” is an “ace”! What happens? It turns out there was no secret! Every person has their own lucky “three, seven, ace”. But if a person begins to live without honor, and in pursuit of his independence steps over other people, then the “Queen of Spades” awaits him.

XII.-What does the “Queen of Spades” symbolize? Why did Pushkin, having originally given the story the title "Blank Shot", changed it?

considered the “Queen of Spades” the height of perfection. In the interweaving of reality and fiction - Pushkin's psychologism, affirming the depth and dynamics of a person's inner world, which is embodied in actions and reactions, sometimes leading to implausible success, and sometimes to disaster. This is how the world of passions, often villainies, and the value guidelines of human behavior opposed to them is introduced to the logic of artistic creation.

Homework: a written answer to the question "What caused Hermann's madness?"

The plot of “The Queen of Spades” was based on a curious incident known to Pushkin. Young Prince Golitsyn I told him how I once lost badly at cards. I had to go to bow to my grandmother - the princess Natalia Petrovna Golitsyna , an arrogant and domineering person, distinguished by her intelligence and tough disposition, and ask her for money. She didn't give me any money. But she kindly conveyed the supposedly magical the secret of three winning cards, which was told to her by the once famous Count Saint-Germain. The grandson bet on these cards and won back.

"The Queen of Spades" is one of the best novella samples in all world literature.

The Queen of Spades" is a philosophical story in its subject matter.

In "The Queen of Spades" Pushkin addressed a wide circle philosophical problems :

man, freedom, freedom of moral choice, fate, random and natural, game, “villainy”- just some of the philosophical questions comprehended by the author in this story, which is deep in content.

The hero enters into a duel with fate, believing that sober calculation will allow him to achieve his desired goal.

The Queen of Spades becomes more than just a card in the game Hermann with fate, but the revenge of fate, i.e. the hero himself turns out to be a card in a larger game, and his “card is beaten.”

The plot of the work is based on a game of chance, necessity and regularity. In this regard, each character is associated with a specific theme.

With a theme social dissatisfaction - Hermann;

with the theme fate – Countess Anna Fedotovna;

with the theme social humility – Lizaveta Ivanovna;

with the theme undeserved happiness - Tomsky.

Some heroes, such as Tomsky, are chosen by fate, others, like Hermann, strive to catch luck. Luck is destiny Tomsk , and failure is fate Hermann.

“The Queen of Spades” is the pinnacle of Pushkin’s reflections on the role of fate in human life .

Pushkin's secular story reveals the tragic fate of a young man named Hermann . He has extraordinary mental abilities, is well educated and has an attractive appearance. And his prudence was passed down from his ancestors, who were from German lands. But Herman has dream is to become rich , and get everything without much effort.

The plot of the story plays on Pushkin’s favorite theme of unpredictable fate, fortune, and fate. A young military engineer, German Hermann, leads a modest life and amasses a fortune; he does not even pick up cards and limits himself only to watching the game. His friend Tomsky tells a story about how his grandmother, the countess, while in Paris, lost a large sum at cards. She tried to borrow money from the Count of Saint-Germain, but instead of money, he told her the secret of three winning cards. The Countess, thanks to the secret, completely won back.

Hermann, having seduced her pupil, Lisa, enters the countess’s bedroom, trying to find out the cherished secret with pleas and threats. Seeing Hermann armed with a pistol (which, as it turned out later, was unloaded), the Countess dies of a heart attack. At the funeral, Hermann imagines that the late countess opens her eyes and glances at him. In the evening, her ghost appears to Hermann and says that three cards (“three, seven, ace”) will bring him a win, but he should not bet more than one card per day. Three cards become an obsession for Hermann:

...Seeing a young girl, he said: “How slim she is!.. A real three of hearts.” They asked him what time it was, he answered: “It’s five minutes to seven.” - Every pot-bellied man reminded him of an ace. Three, seven, ace - haunted him in a dream, taking on all possible forms: the three bloomed in front of him in the form of a lush grandiflora, the seven seemed like a Gothic gate, the ace like a huge spider. All his thoughts merged into one - to take advantage of the secret that cost him dearly...

The famous millionaire gambler Chekalinsky comes to St. Petersburg. Hermann bets all his capital on three, wins and doubles it. The next day he bets all his money on seven, wins and doubles his capital again. On the third day, Hermann bets money (already about two hundred thousand) on the ace. An ace comes up. Hermann thinks he has won, but Chekalinsky says that Hermann's lady lost. In some incredible way, Hermann turned around and bet money instead of an ace on a queen. Hermann sees on the map a grinning and winking Queen of Spades, who reminds him of the Countess. The ruined Hermann ends up in a mental hospital, where he does not react to anything and constantly “mutters unusually quickly: “Three, seven, ace!” Three, seven, queen!..”

The main character finds himself in an unpleasant situation, but his personal guilt is the root cause of all events. Pushkin tells the story of an unfortunate man who was captivated by gambling vices. Is it possible to judge such a character? After all, such addictions are found at every step in the modern world. Most likely, it is necessary to draw certain conclusions and stay away from such dubious means of acquiring wealth.

(Hermann’s behavior is completely opposite to his state of mind. He has bound his feelings and emotions within the strict framework of what he believes is correct behavior. Hermann’s outer shell will not be able to hold back for long those raging internal forces that he is trying to pacify. By not giving vent to his emotions, Hermann is bringing tragedy closer inconsistencies that will inevitably erupt.)

The main character of "The Queen of Spades" - the character of the story - is a thrifty, prudent person, but does not have any moral or spiritual values.

the countess played a key role in the story. She appeared to Herman as the queen of spades because he did not fulfill the countess’s condition - he did not marry Elizaveta Petrovna.

So the old woman’s secret still did not help Herman, because it was revealed against her will.

The main character of the story is Hermann. It differs from other heroes in 2 features:

1. Serves as a military engineer, which means the hero’s low social status;

2. The son of a Russified German, i.e. a man of a rationalistic mindset, a man of calculation and firm self-restraint.

And indeed, At the beginning, the hero's life is subordinated to reason. Being a poor and humble man, he dreams of “strengthening his independence,” but he rejects all risky paths, adventures, does not drink, does not gamble, relies on prudence and frugality. But calculation is only the outer shell of Hermann’s personality, his essence character was completely different: “he had strong passions and a fiery imagination.” The contradiction between Hermann's passionate nature and his rationalistic mindset.

And although at first Hermann perceived the story of 3 cards as a fairy tale, it had a strong effect on his imagination, and the whole night this story did not leave his head. Pushkin shows an internal dialogue that reveals the fight 2 began in Hermann's soul:

1 start makes Hermann believe in the secret of 3 cards, i.e. believe in the existence of the irrational in life. It pushes you to take risks, forces you to reveal the secret of 3 cards. He even makes plans in his head, wondering whether he should become the lover of the 87-year-old countess. Those. he is already ready for anything. The complete immorality of the hero is already shown here. 2 start returns to common sense and says that the main thing in life is peace and independence. The plot shows that the struggle between the two principles does not last long and ends victory of passions over consciousness, rationalism.

Hermann commits 3 crime:1. Violation of the poor girl's feelings; 2. The murder of the old countess;3. Hermann is ready to pledge his soul to the devil and thereby commit the 3rd crime,

Tomsky says about Hermann: “he has the profile of Napoleon, and the soul of Mephistopheles.” These words are literally confirmed by the author of the story: when Hermann tells Lisa that he does not love her and that he used her to get to the countess, that he is to blame for the death of the countess, the author writes: “She wiped her tear-stained eyes and raised them to Hermann: he sat on the window, arms folded and frowning menacingly. In this position, he surprisingly resembled a portrait of Napoleon. This similarity struck even Lizaveta Ivanovna.” This is how the story goes Napoleonic theme(the most important topic in Russian and European literature of the 19th century). This Napoleonic motif in the image in Hermann can be understood in two ways:

1. Some literary scholars emphasize Hermann’s individualism and immorality. Indeed, the basis of Hermann’s soul is selfishness. In order to achieve his goals, Hermann is able to overcome everything (the death of the countess, the feelings of a girl). It is no coincidence that he is compared to Napoleon; Napoleon was ready to shed rivers of blood and shed them for the sake of his self-affirmation. 2. But one cannot consider the Napoleonic motif only in the socio-psychological aspect (i.e., focus on the individualism and immorality of the hero); such an approach ignores the fact that “The Queen of Spades” is not only a socio-psychological, but also a philosophical story. That’s why Pushkin is interested in Napoleon as a man who claimed power over fate, as a person who was confident that everything was subject to human will. It should be noted that for Pushkin, Napoleon was the personification of greatness and at the same time the powerlessness of man before fate, before fate.

And then, introducing the Napoleonic theme into the story, Pushkin not only characterizes Hermann, but also characterizes his future destiny, like Napoleon, he also has ups and downs. This fate is realized in 5-6 chapters in the story. In them Hermann repeats in miniature the path of Napoleon. The mystery of 3 cards (three, seven, ace) becomes reality. Three, seven and ace do win, as was pointed out to Hermann by the ghost of the Countess. The appearance of the countess’s ghost is, in a way, a message from otherworldly forces, fate, and fate. This feeling is strengthened by the words of the countess herself: “I came to you against my will. But I was ordered to fulfill your request.” That's why Hermann disaster(he wins 2 evenings by calling these three cards, and on the 3rd evening instead of an ace he wins the queen of spades) does not seem like pure chance, it looks like inevitability. The idea of ​​the triumph of fate, fate over human will is important in the story.

It was no coincidence that Pushkin took a card game as the basis for the plot of the story, because the game is a poetic metaphor for life with its ups and downs, with its losses and gains, with its successes and failures. Therefore, “The Queen of Spades” is a multifaceted work: it combines social, psychological, and philosophical motives. All his life, Pushkin believed in fate, in the role of chance in human life. Personal and historical experience convinced Pushkin that it was naive and unjustified to hope for the triumph of reason and rationalism.

Analysis of "The Queen of Spades" by A.S. Pushkin
Three crimes of Hermann.

What is our life? This is probably a road to nowhere. A series of successes and downfalls, bright spots and pitch darkness that covers the world on moonless autumn nights. When the wind howls, swinging the lanterns on the poles and forming lonely spots of light along the road, covered with fallen leaves and broken branches from the trees. This is a series of hopes and disappointments, a string of unrealized plans that we made for the future, stroked our pride and brightened up the long tired evenings. What else? This is the search for justice, the desire for perfection, love, hatred and indifference, the illusion of recognition and the ephemeral joy of victories. Hope for luck. Eternal hope for good luck and expectation of a miracle...

In his work, Pushkin vividly describes St. Petersburg - the capital of the empire, a breed of ghostly absurd life, a city of fantastic events, incidents, ideals, a city that dehumanizes people, disfiguring their feelings, desires, thoughts, their lives. After reading “The Queen of Spades” by A. S. Pushkin, I began to think about these questions, and he helped me understand them
Hermann. This is a young military engineer, a passionate man obsessed with the idea of ​​wealth. On his way he stops at nothing. Ready to play with other people's feelings, he charms Lisa, a girl living in the house of the old countess, in order to master the secret of the “three cards”, which guarantees him a big win. And this is true, because Herman at first wanted to achieve wealth in an honest way, but as soon as he learned about the secret of the three cards, he became a completely different person. He began to chase this secret, he was ready
"sell" your soul to the devil. The thought of money clouded this man's mind. So, Herman’s first villainy is deceiving himself.
Pushkin described the area so accurately that in the former capital you can find this street and house. I have been to St. Petersburg many times. On one of the excursions we were told about this house. Now this is Gogol Street, house 10. Previously it belonged to Princess Natalya Petrovna. Tradition called this house a mansion
"The Queen of Spades". After the publication of the work, it became very popular, young men bet three cards, and others found similarities between Princess Natalya Petrovna and the Countess. Pushkin himself writes: “My “Queen of Spades” is in great fashion.” In general, in Pushkin’s work, Hermann sets himself the goal of finding out the secret of the three cards at all costs. And so he wants to become the old woman’s lover, but, having learned about Lisa, he begins to write letters to her (Lisa): “The letter contained a declaration of love: but it was gentle, respectful and word for word taken from a German novel. But Lizaveta Ivanovna did not understand French and was very pleased with it." And she (Lisa), not knowing the feeling of love, believed Hermann, who simply used her as
""bridge"" between himself and the countess. And now we notice the second crime - Lisa’s deception. He deceived her throughout the entire action, when he learned the secret of the three cards, he stopped meeting with her, and when he ended up in the Obukhov hospital
– and completely forgot about her.
In "The Queen of Spades" you can notice moments that I would like to name
""random"":
""...Thinking in this way, he found himself in one of the main streets of St. Petersburg, in front of a house of ancient architecture...
-Whose is this house? – he (Hermann) asked the corner guard.
“Countesses,” answered the guard.
Hermann trembled. The amazing anecdote again presented itself to his imagination. He began to walk around the house, thinking about its owner and about his wonderful ability...”
Apparently Gemann was drawn to this unremarkable house by some
""unknown force"". And she “pulled him towards her.” I believe that selling your soul to the devil is his third crime. After all, being the bearer of this terrible secret, you make a deal with the devil. And why
Hermann "got off his feet"? but it’s all very simple, he did not keep his promise, because the countess made a reservation: “”... so that you marry my pupil Lizaveta Ivanovna...” He had no intention of marrying her at all. For this, the Countess, who acquired the ability to examine the souls of people, punished our hero. Another opinion is that the countess specifically named the wrong card so that the devil would “not pay for Hermann’s soul”, but simply take it away.…
And so Hermann ends up in the Obukhov psychiatric hospital. He has only one thing in his head: ""...three, seven, ace!.. three, seven, queen!.."" This is what the endless pursuit of wealth has led to.
Throughout the entire work, the author shows Hermann only from the bad side. But I believe that this crazy man is much simpler and weaker.
It is unknown how we would have behaved in his place... After all, it is easier to condemn than to understand, isn’t it? As LN Tolstoy said: “Undoubtedly. It’s more important how a person perceives fate than what it actually is.”