The clan of the Most Serene Princes Lopukhins-Demidovs. Part 1.

Coat of arms of His Serene Highness Prince Nikolai Lopukhin-Demidov

The family of the Most Serene Princes Lopukhins-Demidovs appeared in Russia in 1873 after the death of the childless Most Serene Prince Lieutenant General Pavel Petrovich Lopukhin, who, by the Highest Decree, was allowed to transfer his surname and title after death to the grandson of his elder sister Nikolai Petrovich Demidov.

His Serene Highness Prince Pavel Petrovich Lopukhin (1788 - 1873). Thumbnail by an unknown artist

His Serene Highness Prince (since 1873) Nikolai Petrovich Lopukhin-Demidov

The families of the Lopukhins and Demidovs became related in 1797 as a result of a marriage between the adjutant wing of the second captain of the Life Guards Horse Regiment, the son of the owners of iron factories in the Urals, Grigory Alexandrovich Demidov and Ekaterina Petrovna Lopukhina - the sister of Pavel Petrovich and the daughter of Pyotr Vasilyevich Lopukhin, a former general -Governor of Yaroslavl and Vologda, whom Paul I shortly before ordered to be present in the Moscow Department of the Governing Senate. Later G.A. Demidov was a court adviser to a foreign collegium, a chamberlain, a real chamberlain.

Grigory Alexandrovich (1767-1827), married in 1797 to Princess Ekaterina Petrovna Lopukhina (1783-1830).

Ekaterina Petrovna Demidova, nee Lopukhina, unknown artist

By origin, the family of the groom was much lower than the family of the bride. Grigory Alexandrovich Demidov was in the fifth generation a descendant of the famous blacksmith, who received the title of nobility from Peter I.

Naumkin Viktor. Peter 1 in Tula

Demidovs at the reception of Peter I, Sergey Kostylev

The Lopukhins, on the other hand, descended from the legendary Kasozh prince Rededi, who owned Tmutaraka-nyu, who was killed in 1022 by Mstislav, the son of Grand Duke Vladimir, who baptized Russia. There was a legend that the son of Rededi, Roman, married the daughter of Mstislav Vladimirovich. After another eight generations, Vasily, nicknamed Burdock, appeared in this family, giving the name to the Lopukhin family, to the eleventh tribe of which P.V. belongs. Lopukhin. Evdokia Lopukhina, the first wife of Peter I, belonged to another branch of this family.

Painting by N.K. Roerich "Single combat of Mstislav with Rededya"

Ivanov Andrey Ivanovich

His Serene Highness Prince Pyotr Vasilyevich Lopukhin (1753-1827)

Praskovya Ivanovna Lopukhina, born Levshina (175.-178.), the first wife of St. Prince P.V. Lopukhin, had three daughters in marriage, one of them was the famous favorite of Paul I - Anna Petrovna Gagarina, ur. Lopukhina.

Lopukhina Ekaterina Nikolaevna (Highest Princess) the second wife of Pyotr Vasilyevich Lopukhin, mother of the only son, Pavel Petrovich

The bride Ekaterina Lopukhina had just turned fourteen years old, and she was not indifferent to the heir to Tsarevich Alexander, which pretty much bothered him. She was married to G.A. Demidov, who was eighteen years older than her. They lived on the corner of the Moika and Demidov Lane, in the estate built by Grigory Alexandrovich's grandfather, Grigory Akinfievich. The well-known memoirist F.F. Vigel recalled that he met with Demidov and "his young, beautiful, melancholy wife, whom her husband was jealous of the whole world."

Soon after the wedding, favors showered on the Lopukhin family. At a ball in Moscow, Emperor Pavel saw another daughter of Lopukhin - Anna, who soon became his favorite. A major role in this story was played by Pavel's permanent favorite, a former barber, and then Count I.P. Kutaisov, by the way, married his son Pavel to another daughter of Lopukhin - Praskovya.

Pavel I, Andrei Filippovich Mitrokhin

Anna Petrovna (1777-1805) and Ekaterina Petrovna Lopukhin (1783-1830), George Henry Harlow

Ivan Pavlovich Kutaisov

Kutaisov Pavel Ivanovich (1780-1840), chamberlain, honorary commander of the Order of Malta.G. Chernetsov.

Praskovya Petrovna Kutaisova, nee Lopukhina (1784-25.04.1870)

In 1798, Paul I translated P.V. Lopukhin to Petersburg, appointing him Prosecutor General of the Senate. Soon he became a real privy councilor, a member of the State Council, received in addition to the already existing Order of St. Andrew the First-Called. And all this in the last five months of 1798. In January 1799 he became Commander of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem.

His Serene Highness Prince Pyotr Vasilyevich Lopukhin (1753-1827), Vladimir Borovikovsky

January 16, 1799 P.V. Lopukhin received in eternal and hereditary possession a huge estate - the eldership of Korsun in the Kiev province, which gave an annual income of 200 thousand rubles. It was bought into the treasury from the nephew of the Polish king, Prince Stanislav Poniatowski for 600 thousand zlotys (10 thousand rubles in silver). The decree said that the town of Korsun was complaining with all the villages, lands, lands, a garden and a castle, as well as furniture, marbles, a library, utensils. Now it is the city of Korsun-Shevchenkovsky.

Korsun, Napoleon Orda

Angelika Kaufman. Portrait of Prince Stanislav Poniatowski, 1788

On January 19, 1799, Paul I issued a decree: “As an undoubted sign of Our royal goodwill and in retribution of loyalty and zeal in the service of our real Privy Councilor, Prosecutor General Lopukhin, We most mercifully granted him the Prince of Our Empire, extending this dignity and title to all descendants from him , Lopukhin, what is happening. And on February 22 of the same year granted him to Prince Lopukhin and his entire family the title and advantage of the Most Serene Prince» .

In the newly composed coat of arms of the Most Serene Princes Lopukhins, in the lower part of the horizontally divided shield on a silver field, there was a red vulture taken from the shield in the coat of arms of the Lopukhins nobles, and in the upper part on a golden field - “a black double-headed eagle, crowned, on the chest of which the name of the Sovereign Emperor is depicted Pavel Pervago. Under the shield is the motto " Grace". The motto was not chosen by chance: the name Anna in Hebrew means " grace b".

Veil Jean-Louis Anna Petrovna Lopukhina

It is possible that Grigory Alexandrovich Demidov owed the title of chamberlain to the fact that he was the son-in-law of His Serene Highness Prince Lopukhin.

We should pay tribute to Pyotr Vasilyevich Lopukhin. It was not only thanks to his daughter that he reached the highest posts in the state. He was a smart man and served well. Later, under Alexander I, he was Minister of Justice, chaired various departments of the State Council, and then was chairman of the State Council and the Committee of Ministers. Pyotr Vasilyevich Lopukhin died in 1827.

Schukin Stepan Semyonovich. Portrait of Pyotr Vasilyevich Lopukhin. 1801

After his death, the title of Most Serene Prince passed to his only son, Pavel Petrovich (1788-1873), who participated in all wars with Napoleon and in the Polish campaign. He rose to the rank of lieutenant general, in 1835 he retired and settled in his estate Korsun. He was married to Zhaneta Ivanovna, Dowager Countess Alopeus, had no children.

Korsun on a Polish engraving

Countess Jeanette (Anna Ivanovna) Alopeus (1786-1869), born Baroness von Wenkstern, wife of diplomat D.M. Alopeus, in her second marriage to Prince P.P. Lopukhin.

Artist Friedrich Johann Gottlieb Lieder

Jeanette (Anna) Ivanovna Lopukhina (1786-1869), born Baroness von Wenkstern, 1st marriage Countess Alopeus, 2nd marriage to Prince P.P. Lopukhin.

Artist Karl Bryullov

In 1863, Pavel Petrovich, who at that time was 75 years old, decided to take steps to ensure that the family of the Most Serene Princes Lopukhins did not die out. To do this, he decided to ask for the establishment of a majorat in his estate Korsun Boguslavsky (later Kanevsky) district of the Kiev province and petition for "permission to transfer his surname with the title to his elder sister's own grandson, captain Nikolai Petrovich Demidov."

He submitted to Emperor Alexander II a most humble petition: Your Imperial Majesty! My parent, His Serene Highness Prince Pyotr Lopukhin continued for 66 years his endlessly zealous and always excellent service to the six most august ancestors of Your Imperial Majesty and had the good fortune to earn the attention, power of attorney and mercy of Catherine II, Paul I, Alexander I and Your Great Parent Nicholas I<…>I am the only son of my parent, lived to a ripe old age and have no direct offspring»

Portrait of Alexander II. 1856, Egor Ivanovich Botman.

In 1864, the captain of the Cavalier Guard regiment, Nikolai Petrovich Demidov, filed a petition for the transfer of his surname and title of his great-uncle. He writes that “a majorat was established over the estate of the princes Lopukhins, about which a case was made in the Ministry of Justice, in which there are proper documents proving my descent from the princes Lopukhins along the female line". It also required the consent of his mother, Elizaveta Nikolaevna Demidova, nee Bezobrazova, to accept his surname and title (Nikolai Petrovich's father, Petr Grigorievich, died in 1862).

Pyotr Grigoryevich (1807-1862), after the death of his grandmother’s brother, Prince P. P. Lopukhin, who died without children, his grandmother’s brother, Prince P. P. Lopukhin, in 1873 passed the princely title to his son Nikolai, in 1873 he was allowed to be called “Demidov, the Serene Highness Prince Lopukhin”, so that the surname this was assigned only to the eldest of his kind.

In 1866, the opinions of the Department of Heraldry of the Governing Senate, the Ministry of Justice and the State Council were collected. It was decided that the grandson of Ekaterina Petrovna Demidova, nee Lopukhina, is no longer a captain, but Lieutenant Colonel Nikolai Demidov “is the closest relative of Lieutenant General Prince Lopukhin, and as there are no other closest relatives of the Lopukhins, then by virtue of paragraph 1 of Art. 57 of volume IX of the law of 1864, Prince Pavel Lopukhin has the right to transfer his surname with coat of arms and title to Nikolai Demidov.

Ekaterina Petrovna Demidova, nee Lopukhina, artist Thomas Lawrence

Generally speaking, the assertion that there were no other closest relatives of the Lopukhins family is somewhat debatable. Mikhail Lopukhin was alive, whom Pavel Petrovich, bequeathing his Pskov estate to him, calls the great-grandson of his grandfather. It is likely that this Mikhail Lopukhin, unlike Nikolai Demidov, was not a direct descendant of the Most Serene Prince.

It should also be noted that by 1863 more than one grandson of Ekaterina Petrovna was alive, who, by the way, having married early, did not have time to visit the Most Serene Princess, although in all later documents she is usually called that.

Nikolai Petrovich's brother Grigory died early, but four cousins ​​were alive - the sons of his father's brothers: Pavel Grigoryevich and Alexander Grigoryevich, who was older. The son of the latter, Alexander Alexandrovich, not only belonged to the older branch, but was also older than Nikolai Petrovich, for some reason called the eldest grandson. Why, then, was the son of the middle brother, Pyotr Grigorievich, chosen as the heir to the surname and title?

Portrait of Emperor Nicholas I by Franz Kruger

Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna of Russia, Duchess of Leuchtenberg, Franz Xavier Winterhalter

Perhaps it also played a role that the eldest grandson Alexander Alexandrovich had already retired as a staff captain due to illness, and military service was very much appreciated.

On January 17, 1866, permission from the emperor was received: We, in accordance with the most humble petition of Lieutenant-General His Serene Highness Prince Pavel Petrovich Lopukhin and the opinion of the State Council, honored by Our approval, based on the conclusion of the Governing Senate, have graciously allowed Colonel Demidov, as the closest relative of the petitioner, to add to his family name the surname and title of His Serene Highness Prince Lopukhin and be called Prince Lopukhin-Demidov<…>so that: 1) such appropriation does not change the order in the inheritance of ancestral property,

2) the indicated surname and title to him not before, as after the death of the last representative of the princely family of the Lopukhins, Lieutenant-General Prince Lopukhin, and when the latter will not have male descendants.

The princes Lopukhins - Pyotr Vasilyevich and his son Pavel Petrovich - the owners of the Korsun estate (1799-1827, 1827-1873). Family coat of arms of princes Lopukhins

Since the elderly Prince Lopukhin did not have descendants, after his death in 1873 on May 30 of the same year, it was ordered that Nikolai Petrovich Demidov and from his offspring always only the eldest in the family “be named both in writing and in words All-Russian imperial princes with the appendix "Most Serene", and both in ours and in foreign states, they received all the rights, privileges and advantages that befit and belong to their dignity. “We always favor him and from his offspring only the eldest in the family, and in all cases we unquestioningly allow the following combined coat of arms of the names of the Most Serene Princes Lopukhins and the nobles Demidovs.” The coat of arms has a four-part shield with a small shield in the middle, in the golden field of which there is a black double-headed eagle, on its chest is the monogram of Paul I. In the first and fourth parts of the shield there is the coat of arms of the Lopukhins nobles: a red vulture in a golden field. In the second and third parts - the coat of arms of the nobles Demidovs: in the upper part, in a silver field, there are three green ore-finding vines, in the lower part, in a black field, a silver hammer. The shield is crowned with three helmets: the middle one with a black double-headed eagle with the monogram of Alexander II, the right one with the Lopukhins' emblem - seven ostrich feathers, the left one - with the Demidovs' emblem - a hand with a hammer. Shield holders: on the right - the goddess Themis with scales, on the left - a warrior with a crimson banner. The shield is covered with a princely mantle and crowned with a princely cap. Below the motto: "God is my hope".

The Kiev Noble Assembly of Deputies included His Serene Highness Prince Colonel Lopukhin-Demidov in the 5th part of the Noble Genealogy Book, where representatives of titled families were recorded. His children, like simply the Demidovs, not princes, remained in the 1st part.

To be continued.....

The noble family of the Lopukhins occupied an important role in the social hierarchy of the then society. But it cannot be said that Lopukhin was lucky in life. Involved in court coups, adventures and intrigues, the Lopukhins were increasingly mired in illegality and abuse. An evil fate hung over the Lopukhins family, which shrouded their entire subsequent history with an ominous mystical shadow. It is worth at least recalling Kaluga Governor Dmitry Ardalionovich Lopukhin, who was infamous for his official abuses, exposed in 1802 by a Special Commission headed by senator, poet Gavriil Romanovich Derzhavin, who became famous for his incorruptibility and justice. This case, notorious throughout the province, became the basis of the plot of the Gogol auditor. And it all happened like this: In 1801, the mayor Ivan Ivanovich Borisov, expressing the general indignation of Kaluga residents with the governor D. A. Lopukhin, wrote a petition to the tsar. Not only the democratic strata of the population, the poor, and serfs suffered from the governor's arbitrariness, as was usually the case, but complaints came from landowners, merchants and manufacturers. Perhaps that is why the complaints were given a quick move and Senator G. R. Derzhavin, known for his incorruptible honesty and justice, was sent to investigate them by the emperor. Not wanting to give the governor the opportunity to cover up the traces of his crimes, Derzhavin settled in the house of I. I. Borisov, introducing himself as a private person, and he himself began to collect information about Lopukhin's "activities". While doing the assigned work, G. R. Derzhavin got acquainted with the city along the way, twice visited the Main Public School, charitable institutions and the hospital, went to the Church of the Intercession. And only having supported the complaints of the townspeople with facts, he appeared in the provincial government with the announcement of his mission. The auditor visited the chambers of the civil and criminal courts to take documents and materials of interest to him for study. Derzhavin's report to the Senate on the results of the audit was strict and impartial, but Lopukhin managed to avoid trial and severe punishment. He was only removed from the post of Kaluga governor, as they say, "got off with a slight fright." This event with the Kaluga governor did not pass without a trace for the poet's work: this episode was reflected in the fable "The Peasant and the Oak".
Such an unpleasant event left a dark mark on the entire Lopukhin family. And, alas, not the only one. But the Lopukhins in terms of nobility and origin were not inferior to the legendary Rurikovich. According to legend, they descended from the Kassogian prince Rededi, the ruler of Tmutarakan, who was killed in 1022 in single combat with Prince Mstislav Vladimirovich. From them descended the offspring, whose representatives laid the foundation for many Russian noble families, including the Lopukhins. A descendant of the legendary Roman Rededich is Mikhail Yuryevich Sorokoum, a boyar under the Grand Duke of Moscow Ivan Danilovich Kalita, who lived at the beginning of the 14th century. He had a son Gleb Mikhailovich, grandson Ilya Glebovich, great-grandson Grigory Ilyich Glebov and great-great-grandson Varfolomey Grigoryevich Glebov, whose son, Vasily, nicknamed Lopukh, became the ancestor of the Lopukhins.
Since the 15th century, representatives of the Lopukhin family served as governors, boyars and townsmen in Veliky Novgorod and Moscow. In 1689, the marriage of Tsar Peter I with Evdokia Fedorovna Lopukhina (1669-1731) contributed to the special elevation of the family. Due to this marriage, the father of the queen, Fedor (Illarion) Avraamovich (1638-1713) and his brothers - Peter the Great Avraamovich (1630 - 1701), Peter the Lesser Avraamovich (d. 1698), Vasily Avraamovich (1646-1698) and Sergei Avraamovich (d. 1711) were granted boyars. Subsequently, they all became victims of royal hostility and palace intrigues. The boyar Pyotr Avraamovich Bolshoi became the first among the Lopukhins to fall victim to the Tsar's enmity. The documents do not record the exact wording of the accusation against him, it is only known that a very powerful man, the boyar Lev Kirillovich Naryshkin, the brother of Tsar Peter's mother, who then headed the Posolsky order, "bashed" him. The king, in spite of the many services rendered to him; in his time, Pyotr Avraamovich, personally tortured the slandered, but with such predilection that the boyar could not stand it and died. The same fate, but somewhat later, befell the second of the brothers - Peter Avraamovich the Lesser. The peasants assigned to the Archangel Cathedral of the Kremlin complained about him to the Tsar. They claimed that "the boyar Lopukhin is killing peasants to death, but there is no trial against him." It is difficult to say how justified this accusation was and whether any inquiry was carried out, but Tsar Peter ordered "to bring the boyar to the Konstantinovsky dungeon." In the files of the secret Preobrazhensky order for 1697, “pompous sheets” were preserved, which say that, being raised on a rack and tortured, Pyotr Avraamovich spoke about the Tsar, that “he is a heretical son, conceived from the Antichrist, brought us boyar Golitsyn, and boyar Neplyuev , but he himself tortured his uncle boyar Pyotr Abramych Lopukhin, poured wine over him and set him on fire. And Pyotr Avraamovich the Lesser, as his elder brother, died during the tsar's "poignant inquiry." In the same year, when the conspiracy of prominent archery chiefs Sokovnin, Tsikler and Pushkin was discovered, Peter suspected other uncles of Tsaritsa Evdokia Feodorovna of participating in it. The tsar put them in disgrace, removing them from Moscow as governors to distant cities: boyar Fyodor Abramovich to Totma; Vasily Abramovich to Saransk; Sergei Avramovich - to Vyazma. And at night of that day, at five o'clock in the night, a sign was observed in the sky over Moscow - an unusual star with a tail appeared in the midday side of the sky.
Thus, the glorious, and at the same time tragic epic of the Lopukhins, which lasted almost eight years, ended with the appearance of an ominous comet. The further sad fate of the marriage of Tsar Peter Alekseevich and Tsarina Evdokia Feodorovna is known; she was tonsured a nun. The father of Tsarina Evdokia Fyodor Avraamovich later returned from Totma, but he no longer lived in Moscow, devoting himself entirely to managing his estates, building temples and founding monasteries. In the documents of 1705, he is shown among the boyars who live in their villages. Other brothers also returned from honorary exile, but they also did not participate in state affairs. The Lopukhins' estates were taken away, but their family estates remained in the possession of the family, which kept the Lopukhins among the largest Russian landowners, and this, in turn, became the key to their fairly quick return to state and public life.
But the persecution of the Lopukhins did not end with the defeat of 1695-1698 - this surname paid dearly for its proximity to the Russian throne. Later there were new disgraces, and torture, and executions, and not only by Tsar Peter Alekseevich, but also during the reign of his daughter, Empress Elizabeth Petrovna. Abraham Fedorovich Lopukhin, the younger brother of the disgraced Empress, was not subjected to obvious persecution in the first decades of Peter's reign. The tsar sent him abroad to study maritime affairs together with young people of the most noble families of Russia. Upon his return, he successfully served, although not in the navy - he was not allowed to the ships beloved by Peter. The end of the brother of the Queen was terrible. His martyrdom falls on the late time of Peter's reign. Abraham Fedorovich, despite strict prohibitions, kept in touch with his sister Tsarina Evdokia Feodorovna, he was also close to his nephew Tsarevich Alexei. The fact that the brother of the former Tsarina corresponded with her, the Tsar, apparently, did not know, but he knew that he spent a lot of time with the Tsarevich. The “maliciousness” of the conversations of uncle and nephew was reported to Tsar Peter back in 1708, but he left the denunciation without consequences - either he considered the matter petty, unworthy of attention, or there was no time, the war with Charles XII of Sweden was in full swing, and the Poltava battle was still was coming. The situation began to change when, in 1716, Tsarevich Alexei fled from Russia to the Austrian Caesar. An embassy headed by Peter Andreevich Tolstoy was dressed up behind him, and the naive Tsarevich fell into the nets set by his father. When Tolstoy brought the unfortunate man to Russia, an investigation began, which revealed, among others, the role of Abraham Fedorovich in the escape of the Heir to the Throne: he knew about him, but did not inform ... It also became known about the participation of this Lopukhin in a group dissatisfied with the political course of Tsar Peter Alekseevich. In 1718, Abraham Fedorovich was tortured several times, and in the autumn the Governing Senate announced the verdict - the death penalty by wheeling ... It took place on December 8, 1718 in St. Petersburg, the new young capital of Russia. The severed head of Tsaritsyn's younger brother was impaled on a long iron rod, borrowed for this occasion from the Admiralty, and put on display for all to see in the crowded square of the Edible Market. And the broken body was left on the shameful wheel, where for several months it terrified the people of St. Petersburg, as a reminder of what awaits the Tsar's disobedient and Tsar's criminals.
Then, in connection with the "case of the Tsarevich", more than one Abraham Fedorovich suffered. They took into custody and subjected his sister, Princess Anastasia Fyodorovna Troekurova, nee Lopukhina, to a "pompous interrogation". Stepan Ivanovich Lopukhin was exiled to the Kola jail. Tsar Peter did not spare his ex-wife either - the Queen, who was dethroned, was brought to Moscow from the monastery and was also tormented in the "Preobrazhenskaya torture hut." And then Tsar Peter forcibly tonsured her as a nun, as evidenced by the folk song “The tonsure of the queen”, recorded from old people in the Nizhny Novgorod province:

It's unhealthy in Moscow -
The big bell is ringing mournfully,
Mournfully and sadly:
The Sovereign, the Tsar, was angry with the Tsaritsa,
The Tsar sends the Tsaritsa out of Moscow -
And in that monastery in Pokrovskaya.
As Empress Eudoxia will say:
“Where are my young grooms!
You pawn black horses,
You will go to Moscow - do not rush,
You don't make Moscow people laugh,
What can the Sovereign Tsar be touched,
Will he tell me to come back?"
However, the Tsar did not turn the Tsarina out of the way...
The Empress came to Suzdal,
As in that monastery in Pokrovsky,
And meets the Empress Abbess with the sisters
They put on the Queen a black dress,
The black dress is sad
Yes, and soon the Empress was tonsured,

View of the estate from the pond

I visited the former estate of Altufievo on one of my first frequent visits to Moscow. I received a "tip" in the book "The Wreath of Moscow Estates" by T.V. Muravyova, which she also acquired one of the first, bought in Moscow.

Now I often pass by the estate, taking a taxi from Sheremetyevo to my usual stop in the Mother See. True, at the exit from the Moscow Ring Road to Altufevskoye Shosse, the house is not visible, you can only see the church and the former manor pond. And yet now, every time I drive by, I remember the openwork building, hiding somewhere among the branches.

The architecture of the house is very unusual, given that it was built long before the spread of fashion for the "Russian style"

A small nice house in the depths of a slightly neglected garden at the time of my visit was being repaired in some places, however, fortunately for me (and maybe for the house), it was not surrounded by scaffolding, so I managed to examine it in detail and take quite tolerable photos. This material has been gathering dust unclaimed since the summer, and now I decided to take it on. I found (Oh, horror! What am I going to write about ?!), a very detailed and, I must say, very interesting story about the estate and its history from the respected Mikhail Korobko ( lugerovski ). I won’t rewrite it, it’s not good somehow, I just recommend that you read the source, I’ll give the link at the end.

Flower garden in the estate

I myself decided to write about what interested me when studying various sources about the history of the estate.
The estate has been mentioned in documents since the 16th century. During this time, the manor house was rebuilt several times and changed its appearance. We will return to this issue later, and now we will turn to the names of some of the owners of the estate. Below is an incomplete list of successive owners of Altufiev, which Mikhail Korobko talks about in some detail, I will only list them:

Restless Dmitrievich Myakishev - the first "documented" owner,
Arkhip and Ivan Fedorovich Akinfov
Nikita Ivanovich Akinfov;
Nikolai Kanbarovich Akinfov (grandson of Nikolai Ivanovich)
Yuri Nikolaevich Akinfov
Ivan Ivanovich Velyaminov
Matvey Fedorovich Apraksin
Natalya Fedorovna Bruce-Kolycheva
Andrey Andreevich Rinder
Stepan Borisovich Kurakin
Dmitry Ivanovich Priklonsky
Nikolay Artemyevich Zherebtsov
Glafira Ivanovna Alfeeva
…a few more hosts
Georgy Martynovich Lianozov.

Almost every name has an interesting story that could be devoted to a separate story, but I want to touch on a topic that indirectly unites two of the indicated surnames; and this topic is Peter the Great.

I was interested in Nikolai Akinfiev and his, frankly speaking, not particularly successful fate. He was married to Xenia (Aksinya) Avraamovna Lopukhina, aunt of Evdokia Lopukhina, empress, wife of Peter the Great. In the literature about the time of Peter the Great and even in the cinema (“Peter the Great” by Gerasimov, for example), and in many historical and pseudo-historical documents, the unflattering definition of “a seedy family” is often used when mentioning the name of the Lopukhins. This is rather strange, since the family is quite old, originating from the Kosozh prince Rededi, who was killed in the 11th century by Mstislav the Brave (remember, I wrote about them in a post about). To kill him, he killed him, and then gave his daughter to his son Rededi; reconcile, you see, I decided with the scythes. Since then, the Lopukhins have been leading their pedigree. (Imagine - the living Lopukhins belong to the 27th tribe!). Representatives of the family have been at the court since time immemorial - both under Ivan Kalita there was the boyar Lopukhin, and under Shuisky, and they especially rose under the first Romanovs. True, under the father of Peter the Great, the Lopukhins “got along” in order - Abraham Nikitich Lopukhin at first was just a “tenant”, and this was not the highest court rank. His son, the parent of Evdokia, Illarion Avraamovich was originally a roundabout - an enviable rank, but not yet boyar. Having already intermarried with the king, the family reached the very heights of the court hierarchy. The Lopukhins were incredibly prolific - even Evdokia managed to give birth to Peter three sons, although they did not live together for long (two sons died in infancy, the rest, as you know, ended badly). I don’t know whether such family fertility indicates something - whether it is a manifestation of an extraordinary hereditary temperament and energy, but it, apparently, did not particularly contribute to the accumulation of wealth: try to feed a crowd of children! Father Evdokia Illarion (later renamed Fyodor) Avraamovich had 5 brothers and 3 sisters. Nikita Akinfov was married to one of the sisters.
He cannot be accused of greed and pragmatism - having married Xenia (and this was already his second marriage), he did not even imagine that representatives of the royal house would someday be his relatives - the wedding took place in 1672, in the year of the birth of Peter the Great, his future wife Dunechka at that time was only 3 years old. From the royal marriage, Akinfov, rather, lost than won. Akinfov would have cooked jam with his wife in a country house, would have played with grandchildren, great-grandchildren and would not have known grief if he had not become a relative of the restless Pyotr Alekseevich without any influence on what was happening!

I found the house in a state of repair

And what about the Lopukhins? By the end of the reign of Alexei Mikhailovich, the Lopukhins already occupied a rather high position - Illarion Avraamovich was the butler of Tsarina Natalya Kirillovna, and in honor of the birth of the prince, he was finally promoted to Duma boyar. Natalya Kirillovna, who communicated daily with Lopukhin and, most likely, knew his family, noticed her butler's pretty daughter and chose her as a bride for her young son. At that time, they did not discuss such issues with mothers, Peter meekly agreed to the marriage.

Natalya Kirillovna, who belonged to another large family of controversial nobility, was a lady, perhaps not the smartest, but certainly not a simpleton - the Naryshkins have always been distinguished by sophistication in intrigues and pragmatism. Having chosen Lopukhina, she pursued several goals: firstly, at that time the confrontation with Sophia, who was still ruling, reached its very heat. Marriage with a representative of a large family attracted a crowd of new relatives as supporters of the "Naryshkin" group. By the way, here Natalya Kirillovna did not fail - Evdokia's uncle Peter Avraamovich was one of the first to bring his regiments to the Trinity when Peter and his young wife needed protection (this did not prevent the nephew from later executing a relative). The second reason, perhaps the most important, was the desire of the queen's widow to get heirs from her son as soon as possible. The tsar-stepson, co-ruler of Peter, Ivan Alekseevich was already married, his wife was expecting a child - this was a serious threat in the event of an ongoing squabble for the throne. The third reason was also important for the queen - she feared that Peter would completely "Germanize" because of his frequent visits to Kukuy, which irritated her. Having married him to Evdokia, who was brought up on patriarchal principles, she hoped to ward off her son from the “demonic” settlement with her cheerful, sociable frauleins and endless booze. Almost immediately after the wedding, a noisy crowd of hungry Lopukhins, who had previously vegetated in secondary roles, rushed to the sovereign trough. Apparently, among the nobility, the unceremonious relatives of the young queen were not particularly popular. As Prince Kurakin wrote about them, “... people are evil, stingy tell-tales, the lowest minds and who do not know the least about getting around the yard ... And by that time everyone hated them and began to argue that if they came to mercy, they would destroy everyone and take over the state. And, in short, they were hated by everyone and everyone was looking for evil or danger from them.

Peter the Great. Engraving by an unknown artist (I think Peter looks puzzled and even a little scared here)

Especially “hearty pieces” from the royal table went to the representatives of the family after the final accession of Peter, all the uncles received the boyars, posts and lands, but the holiday on their street did not last long. The first victims were members of the family in the struggle for power with their own former comrades-in-arms, supporters of Peter in the fight against Sophia. In 1695, 6 years after Peter's wedding, the tsar's uncle Lev Kirillovich Naryshkin, another noble intriguer, wrote a denunciation of the tsarina's uncle, the already mentioned Pyotr Avraamovich Lopukhin - well, uncles were not friends with each other! What was written in the denunciation is unknown, but this caused the anger of the king. By his decree, Lopukhin was tortured, after which he died the next day. By that time, a cooling had already begun in the relationship between Peter and Evdokia, so the quick-tempered monarch did not stand on ceremony with the relatives of the queen.

Two years after the death of Pyotr Avraamovich (he was, by the way, Peter the Great and had a nickname Lapka, there was also Small) in 1697, in connection with the Zikler-Sokovin case, Peter suspected the remaining uncles of the tsarina of unreliability and exiled their remote provinces: his father-in-law Fyodor Avraamovich - governor in Totma; Vasily Avraamovich - to Saransk; Kuzma Avraamovich - to Sharonda, Sergei Avraamovich - to Vyazma. Even then, the tsar decided to send Evdokia Feodorovna to a monastery, which he did a year later. In the same year, Peter Avraamovich Lesser Lopukhin, another uncle of the tsarina, died. He repeated the tragic path of his elder brother-namesake - he died under torture. Peter "pissed" at him because of the complaint of the priests of the Archangel Cathedral, who handed over the petition to the tsar. In fact, they complained not about Lopukhin himself, but about his manager, they say "he kills peasants to death of her (Cathedral Church), but there is no trial against him." It is not clear who actually killed whom, but Pyotr Avraamovich paid for it with his life.

Obviously, the fall of the Lopukhins was associated with the queen's disgrace, but some members of the family still remained at court. True, in the main, these were her very distant relatives. Among the royal stewards under Peter, the Lopukhins' pedigree includes Alexei Andreevich, Stepan Ivanovich, Fyodor Leontyevich, Fyodor Kuzmich, Ivan Petrovich Lopukhins.

Another blow overtook the family in 1718 in connection with the "case of Tsarevich Alexei."
Peter has not seen his ex-wife for more than 20 years, but he tried to communicate with his son. I will not retell the story of Peter's relationship with his son, on the one hand, it is well known to everyone, on the other hand, there are many ambiguities in it. I will only express my attitude to this story, my opinion.

Peter became a father at the age of 18. Even for that century, when men matured early, this is a very young age for fatherhood - at that time, Peter was only interested in naval fun and parties in Kukuyskaya Sloboda. From the very birth of the child, Peter practically did not communicate with him - this was not accepted, and, apparently, it was not interesting for Peter. At the age of 8, Alexei was taken away from his mother, he was surrounded by strangers and often hostile people. During rare meetings, the prince could only be horrified by his father's explosive character, his nervous tic, gigantic growth, his booming bass, his exorbitant and often incomprehensible demands for the prince. Often the tsarevich was beaten by his father and sometimes even by his close associates (in particular, Menshikov, who at one time was entrusted with raising the tsar's son, beat him even in the presence of Peter). Judging by the documents, although Aleksey was educated, his education was unsystematic and one-sided; the young man was early taught to drink. He read a lot, but these were mostly spiritual books. Mechanics, the fleet, military sciences, unlike his father, did not interest him, but rather repelled him. The prince grew up as a nervous, withdrawn young man, mortally afraid and not loving his father. Moreover, this dislike was definitely mutual. It seems that Peter did not experience any paternal feelings for an unloved son from an unloved woman. His attempts to make Alexei his like-minded and comrade-in-arms are explained not by his father's love, but by his duty - the king needed an heir who, over time, could transfer the throne and entrust the continuation of the great things that had begun. Having already matured, Alexei continued to avoid meeting with his father, trying to come up with any excuse to be away from him. This irritated the tsar and gave rise to unpleasant suspicions - the tsarevich was already at the "throne" age, there were a lot of dissatisfied with Peter's policies, Alexei could easily become a tool in their hands. Starting an investigation into the case of the prince, Peter, I think, was struck by the scale of discontent among those close to him - the names of the courtiers of the first circle, the closest ones whom the king trusted, appeared on the list of suspects. The massacre, as you know, was terrible. The tsarevich, who had become a dangerous rival, was doomed, especially since the tsar already had another heir - Catherine's son Tsarevich Petr Petrovich.

Tsarevich Alexei (B.K. Franke)

I did not find reliable documents confirming that Alexei was a worthy son and heir - his personality looks pathetic and not always attractive. However, I do not justify Peter - he was a bad father for Alexei, it just so happened. There are still a lot of bad fathers: many men, having rashly married at a young age, subsequently leave their wives with small children in order to never remember them again. After many years, others may accidentally find out that Ivan Ivanovich, respected by everyone, somewhere has a son from his first marriage, whom he has never seen. Remember, you probably have such acquaintances. Probably, at one time you were surprised: “Ai-yay-yay! But he is an authoritative scientific worker recognized by all!” (general, cynologist, artist, director, tsar, etc. - I don’t know who your friend works for).

Let us return to the disgraced Lopukhins. They, of course, supported Alexei and secretly hoped for the return of his mother Evdokia from exile. Moreover, it was quite clear that during the life of Peter this is not feasible. They did not have the slightest reason to wish the king long life - one after another, family members fell into disgrace or died on the chopping block, no one wanted to be next. In addition, their relative, the former queen, the legitimate wife of the king, was insulted and expelled.
The tsar refused to support his ex-wife, they supported Evdokia in the Lopukhins monastery, moreover, they supported him very tangibly - during a search, rich worldly dresses, expensive utensils, furs and jewelry were found among her things. The Lopukhins initiated the maintenance of secret correspondence between mother and son, and their only meeting was arranged through their efforts. True, this meeting was immediately reported to Peter, and he brought down his anger on the prince, after which Alexei was so frightened that he refused further meetings and even correspondence with his mother.

Preparation for execution by wheeling

And the family murmured and whispered. It is for this murmuring and whispering, by and large, that the participants in the “conspiracy of Tsarevich Alexei” suffered. They did not intend to kill the king, they only wanted him dead, and this, according to the laws of that time, was as much a crime as an actual conspiracy.

The tsarina's brother Abraham Fedorovich Lopukhin suffered the most. He was tortured several times and then executed. His involvement was found out by finding his correspondence with his sister. In fact, he was only to blame for the fact that, unfortunately, he turned out to be a compassionate brother - he supported his sister most of all in every possible way, told her news in letters, worried about his nephew. Having learned about the flight of the prince, he, not being involved in it, inadvertently discussed with other suspects the situation of the prince and rejoiced at his salvation.
Another participant in the conspiracy, Alexander Kikin, was wheeled.
Other Lopukhins also suffered.

Evdokia's sister Anastasia Fedorovna was tortured during the interrogation. Another Lopukhin, Stepan Ivanovich, passing on the case of the prince, was exiled to permanent residence in the Kola jail. Illarion Semenovich Lopukhin was sent to the Solovetsky Monastery.

As for Nikita Akinfov, the wife of Xenia Avraamovna, the tsarina's aunt, the degree of his participation in the conspiracy is not clear. I did not find information about whether Xenia herself was involved and punished, but her wife was forcibly tonsured to the Kirillo-Belozersky Monastery, and this happened already in 1721, 5 years after the start of the investigation. It looks like he himself was involved in the case. In general, there is very little information about him. It is known that he was devious and owned, in addition to Altufievo, several more villages: the villages of Sergiev, Komyagin, etc.

An even greater involvement in the prince's case was discovered by the son of Xenia and Nikita - a guy with a strange name Kanbar. He was a steward and county councilor (landrat). Abraham Lopukhin betrayed him under torture, and Kanbar's arrest took place after Abraham's execution. Apparently, Peter had already calmed down a bit - after all, the investigation was almost over, so the punishment was already more lenient. Kanbar Akinfov was not even tortured at first, so they only scared him a little - they made him undress and stand near the rack, and then they let him go to the cell and ordered him to write everything he knew. True, later he received 15 blows. After the investigation, he was sentenced to be beaten with a whip and exiled to Siberia in 1718. Peter canceled the beating at the last moment, and Kanbar went into exile unbeaten. Apparently, he did not return from exile, since his father Nikita Ivanovich left his lands not to him, but to his grandson Nikolai. He also got Altufyevo. Initially, all the estates of Nikita Akinfov were alienated to the treasury, but later Peter allowed them to be inherited by the one whom the exile pointed to. Nikita Ivanovich, now monk Ioaniky, pointed to his grandson, since his son was also in exile. True, there was also a daughter, whose husband later sued his nephew for the right to inherit.

These are the whirlwinds and hurricanes of history once circling over a modest estate.
And I will tell the story of the second surname associated with Peter the Great

L opukhins - a Russian princely and noble family, descending, according to legend, from the Kasozh prince Rededi, whose descendant, Vasily Varfolomeevich Glebov, nicknamed Lopukha, was the ancestor of the Lopukhins. Nikita Vasilyevich Lopukhin was a governor in Borovsk, his son Abraham (died in 1685) was a duma clerk, then a duma nobleman. Illarion Dimitrievich Lopukhin (died in 1671) was later a duma clerk and one of the tsar's plenipotentiaries in Baturin for the annexation of Little Russia, later a duma nobleman and second judge of the Kazan Palace. Of the sons of Abraham Nikitich, four were boyars; one of them, Fyodor, surnamed Larion (died 1713), was the father of Evdokia Fyodorovna, the first wife of Peter the Great. Stepan Vasilievich Lopukhin, cousin of Empress Evdokia, was brought up in London and was governor in Astrakhan (1742); Vasily Abramovich, nephew of Tsarina Evdokia Feodorovna, participated in the wars with Turkey, Sweden and Prussia; in 1757 he was mortally wounded in the battle of Gross-Egernsdorf. Vladimir Ivanovich (1705 - 1797), served in the navy and army, participated in the wars with Poland and Turkey. About his son Ivan Vladimirovich Lopukhin, see above. Pyotr Vasilyevich (1744 - 1827), who was Governor-General of Yaroslavl and Vologda under Catherine II, Prosecutor General under Paul I, Minister of Justice under Alexander I (1803 - 1810), Chairman of the State Council and Committee of Ministers, in 1799 was elevated was in princely dignity with the title of lordship. His daughter, Anna Petrovna (1777 - 1805), a maid of honor and a cavalry lady who contributed to the elevation of her father, enjoyed the favor of Paul I. His son, Pavel Petrovich Lopukhin (1788 - 1873), took part in the campaign of 1812. With the death of his family princes Lopukhins stopped; their surname and title, since 1873, passed into the Demidov clan. The Lopukhins family is included in the VI part of the genealogical books of the Vladimir, Kiev, Moscow, Novgorod, Oryol, Pskov, Tver and Tula provinces.

The meaning of the word LOPUKHINS in the Brief Biographical Encyclopedia

LOPUKHINS

The Lopukhins are a Russian princely and noble family, descending, according to legend, from the Kasozhian prince Rededi, whose descendant, Vasily Varfolomeevich Glebov, nicknamed Lopukha, was the ancestor of the Lopukhins. Nikita Vasilyevich Lopukhin was a governor in Borovsk, his son Abraham (died in 1685) was a duma clerk, then a duma nobleman. Illarion Dimitrievich Lopukhin (died in 1671) was later a duma clerk and one of the tsar's plenipotentiaries in Baturin for the annexation of Little Russia, later a duma nobleman and second judge of the Kazan Palace. Of the sons of Abraham Nikitich, four were boyars; one of them, Fedor, nicknamed Larion (died in 1713), was the father of Evdokia Fedorovna, the first wife of Peter the Great. Stepan Vasilievich Lopukhin, cousin of Empress Evdokia, was brought up in London and was governor in Astrakhan (1742); Vasily Abramovich, nephew of Tsarina Evdokia Feodorovna, participated in the wars with Turkey, Sweden and Prussia; in 1757 he was mortally wounded in the battle of Gross-Egernsdorf. Vladimir Ivanovich (1705 - 1797), served in the navy and army, participated in the wars with Poland and Turkey. About his son Ivan Vladimirovich Lopukhin, see above. Pyotr Vasilyevich (1744 - 1827), who was Governor-General of Yaroslavl and Vologda under Catherine II, Prosecutor General under Paul I, Minister of Justice under Alexander I (1803 - 1810), Chairman of the State Council and Committee of Ministers, in 1799 was elevated was in princely dignity with the title of lordship. His daughter, Anna Petrovna (1777 - 1805), a maid of honor and a cavalry lady who contributed to the elevation of her father, enjoyed the favor of Paul I. His son, Pavel Petrovich Lopukhin (1788 - 1873), took part in the campaign of 1812. With the death of his family princes Lopukhins stopped; their surname and title, since 1873, passed into the Demidov clan. The Lopukhins family is included in the VI part of the genealogical books of the Vladimir, Kiev, Moscow, Novgorod, Oryol, Pskov, Tver and Tula provinces.

Brief biographical encyclopedia. 2012

See also interpretations, synonyms, meanings of the word and what LOPUKHINS are in Russian in dictionaries, encyclopedias and reference books:

• LOPUKHINS in the Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Euphron:
  princely and noble family, descended from the legendary Kasozh prince. Rededi, whose descendant, Vasily Varfolomeevich Glebov, nicknamed Burdock, was the ancestor of L. ...
• LOPUKHINS in the Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron:
  ? a princely and noble family descended from the legendary Kassogian prince Rededi, whose descendant, Vasily Varfolomeevich Glebov, nicknamed Burdock, was the ancestor of ...
• TVER JOHN THE BAPTIST CHURCH in the Orthodox Encyclopedia Tree:
  Open Orthodox Encyclopedia "TREE". Temple in the name of St. John the Baptist in the city of Tver. Address: Tver, Belyakovsky (up to ...