Summary of direct educational activities in the preparatory group “Painting towels with Bashkir ornaments. Decorative and applied arts among the Bashkirs Bashkir patterns on clothes

The folk decorative and applied art of the Bashkirs absorbed the cultural features of different eras. It brought to us its best traditions, into which the people invested their understanding of beauty and the desire to create beauty.

The decorative and applied arts of the Bashkir people are diverse. The Bashkirs decorated household and household items, clothes, and shoes with patterns.

In the folk art of the Bashkirs there is no figurativeness due to the strong influence on the spiritual life of the religion of Islam, which prohibited the depiction of any material objects, but still the art itself has been preserved as “a rich storehouse of ornaments, materials, processing techniques and manufacturing techniques, giving rise to a variety of combinatorial methods and further stylization and schematization of the plot side of art"

In folk art, ornament is the main type of art, representing a unique and important layer of the artistic memory of the people.

In terms of color, the Bashkir ornament is polychrome, bright, multi-colored, the coloristic image is based on contrasts of strong and pure colors, which predominates:

red is the color of warmth and fire

yellow - the color of abundance and wealth

black - the color of earth and fertility

green - the color of eternal greenery,

white - the color of purity of thoughts, peacefulness

blue is the color of freedom,

brown is the color of old age and withering. The patterns of the headbands - haraus - had a yellow-orange and red-brown color scheme. The background of the products is most often red, black, less often yellow and white, which the Bashkirs identified with the fertility of the earth, the luminary, the dawn and everything beautiful in nature.

Ornament is an essential component of the artistic design of things. Among the Bashkirs, this is a pattern that is formed by a combination of geometric, zoomorphic and plant figures and elements. Depending on the purpose, the ornament was arranged as a border, individual rosettes or a continuous mesh. To decorate clothes, they used mainly an ornament of geometric and floral elements arranged in a border, less often with rosettes.

In the Bashkir ornament there are the following clearly defined groups of motifs:

Kuskar is a symbol of curled ram horns and a symbol of grass - the theme of the nomadic pastoral people and its later modifications: spiral and S-shaped curls

as well as diamonds with its multifaceted variations.

Kuskar is a symbol of human productive activity and fertility.

The rhombic motif forms the agricultural basis of the Bashkir ornament, and the rhombus gradually becomes an ideogram of Life and Good.

The origin of the ornament and its semantic meaning are connected with the religious worldview of people who sought to appease evil spirits, protect themselves from the evil eye, or give themselves strength by decorating clothes and household items.

One of the elements of the Bashkir ornament is the solar sign - O circle, a simplified image of the sun in the form of a circle with rays or a vortex rosette _, which are mainly used to decorate Yelyany.

The swastika element, found in the Bashkir ornament, is a symbol of fertility, the sun, a crossed hammer, lightning, and is used as an ornamental motif in the folk art of many ancient cultures, in the ancient world, in Central and South America, and Medieval Europe. It was given a certain meaning as a guardian, a protector from evil forces, a symbol of the sun, life and goodness. The heart-shaped element denoting hospitality is also common to other nations.

Craftswomen also gave names to the elements, sometimes in different ways in different regions based on associations with objects and phenomena. For example, in some places a large rhombic element is called a “tray” ¦,

The branches of the rhombus are “bird heads”, small elements in the form of columns and squares - “bug” is also the letter of the runic script, a rhombus like the Russian burdock “flower”, a pattern of paired rhombuses - “ant’s waist”, an oblique cross with a small rhombus in in the center is “cancer”, a strip of rhombuses connected by corners - “anise branch” and others.

Sections: Technology

Goals:

1. Cognitive:

• introduce students to the Bashkir ornament with its contrasting colors;
• clarify and systematize knowledge about the decorative and applied arts of the Bashkirs.

2. Developmental:

• continue work on developing creativity and independence, artistic taste and imagination;
• teach how to depict a Bashkir ornament and arrange elements of the ornament in a composition.

3. Educational:

• to cultivate interest in the creativity of the Bashkir people.

Decor:

• recordings of Bashkir melodies;
• posters and drawings of Bashkir ornaments;
• matryoshka and boot templates;
• paints, brushes, pencils, colored paper, glue;
• the work of local craftswomen.

In the Bashkir pattern - the color of honey, wheat,
The beauty of endless meadows and steppes,
The color of the blue sky, fertile land,
The color of red flowers, the purity of springs.
We hear the drawn-out song of the kurai
In the interweaving of the colors of the nature of the canvas.
In the Bashkir pattern - sesena legend
And the generosity of the people, their kindness.

R.B.Dautova

During the classes

1. Studying new material.

Teacher's opening remarks:

Beauty is inherent in human nature itself. With it, a person strives to fill the world around him, to provide tools and objects accompanying him in everyday life. This area of ​​material culture is called decorative and applied arts.

The origins of Bashkir decorative and applied art are lost in the depths of centuries. The needs of nomads for weapons and equipment, and farmers for tools, contributed to the widespread development of crafts. This, in turn, opened a wide path to the emergence of decorative and applied arts, which was embodied in weaving, embroidery, artistic and decorative processing of wood and metal, in the design of national costume and home decorations. Through all this, the Bashkirs expressed their attitude towards nature and the life of society.

In ancient times, all decorations of decorative and applied art played the role of talismans and amulets, protecting a person from the evil eye, from the influence of evil forces and spirits. Over time, people's ideas about the world have changed, and the purpose of jewelry has also changed. They gradually lost their original magical function and became simply objects of decoration.

Pre-revolutionary decorative and applied art of the Bashkirs was most often limited to the needs of the family. An important event in the life of the family was marriage. A large number of woven and embroidered items were prepared for the wedding:

• patterned sharshau (large curtains to divide the house into male and female halves);
• wedding suit for the girl and groom, towels, napkins, tablecloths, scarves.

During the preparation for the wedding, the girl’s creative abilities and her skills as an embroiderer and weaver were most fully revealed.

One of the varieties of decorative and applied art among the Bashkirs is knitting down shawls. This fishery was developed very well in the Abzelilovsky, Baymaksky, Beloretsky, Zianchurinsky, Kugarchinsky, Khaibullinsky districts, as well as in the Orenburg region. Thanks to the natural and climatic conditions in these areas, a special breed of goats was bred that produced fluff, thin and at the same time strong, fibrous-elastic, with high spinning properties: yarn was made from it for woven and knitted shawls. Bashkir woven shawls are a unique type of weaving. These shawls were not knitted but woven on looms. They also made openwork patterned shawls, knitted by hand on two long knitting needles. Craftswomen distinguish between a center and a border in a scarf, and the edges end with cloves. Geometric pattern. The art of knitting down shawls is preserved and continues to develop in the republic - it is mainly a family down knitting craft. (Product display.)

One of the most important conditions for the further and successful development of modern decorative and applied arts is a deep and comprehensive study of folk art. That is why applied art is studied so diligently today, its origins and history of development are revealed. The best works of folk artists are identified, collected and published in the form of albums. And modern artists and folk craftsmen rely on this experience in their creativity.

The Bashkir ornament is successfully mastered by local craftsmen for the production of carpets, scarves, clothing decoration elements, wooden utensils, gift souvenirs and other products. (Product display.)

One of the most popular types of decorative and applied art of the Bashkirs is folk ornament.

Translated from Latin, “ornament” means “decoration, pattern.” The Bashkirs have long decorated horse harnesses, household utensils, clothes, shoes, and homes with varied, bright and colorful patterns. The bride's dowry included pillowcases, tablecloths and other household items embroidered with lush patterned ornaments. If the groom's family had elderly family members, the daughter-in-law would embroider a prayer rug for them on a dark blue or dark green linen. At the same time, patterns of ornaments were created, stored and passed on from generation to generation in the family.

Ornament is the product of a long historical development. It preserves layers of different periods of cultural development, traces of complex interactions and mutual influences between tribes and peoples. The semantic ancient meaning of the ornament is mostly forgotten and is perceived by modern people as decoration, a pattern.

In folk art, ornament is the main type of art, representing a unique and important layer of the artistic memory of the people.

The Bashkir ornament is symmetrical, the patterns are arranged either as a border, or as separate rosettes, or as a continuous mesh, or all these techniques are used simultaneously. Its compositional structure is determined by the purpose, shape and size of the decorated objects, for example, kelyams (carpets) are divided into a field and a canvas.

The field is made up of elements arranged in two, three, and sometimes four rows, and the outline is made up of a rhythmically repeating ribbon pattern. The canvas of the towel is decorated with three rows, the central field is brightly and colorfully decorated with larger elements, and the upper and lower stripes are smaller and mirror each other.

In terms of color, the Bashkir ornament is polychrome, i.e. bright, multi-colored. The coloristic image (i.e. color scheme) is based on contrasts of strong and pure colors: red, yellow, black, green predominate, less often blue, cyan, orange, lilac, scarlet. The background of the products is most often red, black, less often yellow and white. The Bashkirs identified these colors with the fertility of the earth, the luminary, the dawn and everything beautiful in nature.

Some symbols and elements of the ornament have their own semantic meaning: kuskar is a symbol of curled ram horns and a symbol of herbs.

The improvisation of this symbol through additional spiral curls led to the formation of various ornamental patterns and many other variations.

One of the elements of the Bashkir ornament is the solar sign - a circle, a simplified image of the sun in the form of a circle with rays or a vortex rosette.

A heart-shaped element denoting hospitality.

The origin of the ornament and its ancient meaning are connected with the religious worldview of people who sought to appease evil spirits by decorating clothes and household items, protect themselves from them, or give themselves strength. Many of these elements are found among other peoples.

When decorating their products, the people talked about themselves, about their family, about the surrounding life, nature, so we can give another definition to ornament - it is the symbolic-graphic language of the people, expressing their feelings and concepts.

In Bashkir decorative and applied art, there are six main ornamental complexes:

	Ornamental complexes	a brief description of	Application	Examples
1	The first complex (the oldest).	Includes simple geometric shapes. The basic principle of the composition is borders and rosettes.	When decorating products made of wood, leather, painting and sometimes in embroidery and appliqué.
2	Second complex.	Makes curvilinear patterns from various spirals, horn-shaped and heart-shaped figures, running waves.	It is found in embroidery, applique with fabric, and in the design of shoes with cloth tops.
3	Third complex.	Plant patterns.	In women's and men's clothing.
4	Fourth complex.	Unites a group of complex patterns. These are eight-pointed stars, stepped rhombuses or various polyhedra.	Carpets, sharshaws, tablecloths, and ends of towels are decorated.
5	Fifth complex.	In the form of paired images of birds and animals, separated by floral patterns.	For women's headbands and shoe applications.
6	Sixth complex.	Includes geometric patterns, simple and complex.	In the ornament of clothing and home decoration.

2. Consolidation.

1. To consolidate the knowledge gained on the Bashkir ornament, you will paint ready-made templates of Bashkir dolls and boots.

In the Bashkir family, they tried to make things elegant, so interesting patterns were invented for these purposes. And you must paint your chosen patterns in the traditions of the Bashkir people, using elements of the Bashkir ornament, the main colors that the Bashkirs used to create patterns.

2. Whoever has completed the first task proceeds to the second: making a carpet pattern.

The floor of the tirma (yurt) and bunks were covered with carpets. They slept on carpets, rested on them, and decorated their homes with them. Let's imagine that you are in a weaving workshop and you, as designers, need to come up with patterns for carpets.

3. Summing up.

Analysis of completed work.

When analyzing, pay attention to creative elements and color combinations.

Gulnara Mukhametdinova
Ornaments in the life of the Bashkir people

Mukhametdinova Gulnara

Project activities « Ornaments in the life of the Bashkir people»

Project type:

- project implementation: short-term

Cognitive - creative

Group

- project participants: 23 pupils, teacher, parents.

Relevance:

Introduction to folk culture on the one hand and the development of creative abilities on the other.

Problem:

Based on acquaintance with folk art, children learn to understand beauty, acquire standards of beauty. Looking at works of decorative and applied art, they have a desire to learn how to create beauty themselves.

Target: creating conditions for the development of children’s cognitive and creative abilities. Develop interest in Bashkir folk art. Promote the speech, artistic, creative and social development of children.

Tasks:

Continue to introduce children to folk art, introduce children to costumes, traditions, way of life Bashkir people.

Develop children's cognitive activity, sense of color, compositional skills, develop fine motor skills, broaden their horizons, develop curiosity,

Replenish the active dictionary.

Develop skills in making patterns based on folk paintings, teach to compare and generalize.

Cultivate love for folk art, interest in popular applied arts.

Project hypothesis:

An active approach to introducing preschoolers to folk art will contribute to the development of children's cognitive and creative abilities.

Project implementation:

Health:

To develop cultural and hygienic skills, to consolidate the name of the word scarf on Bashkir language.

Introduce national dishes and drinks (baursak, bishbarmak, kumiss)

Physical Culture:

To form in children the need for physical activity, through folk games.

- “Yurt”, "kurai", "green scarf"

Socialization:

- game situation: “The dolls Aigul and Arslan came to visit the kindergarten”. Target: look at the costumes, pay attention to what Aigul is wearing, what Arslan is wearing. Summarize: Bashkir national costumes are bright and beautiful.

Teach children to say hello and goodbye Bashkir language,

- Bashkir folk game"Sticky Stumps".

Role-playing game "Family"- form ideas about family composition and traditions.

Role-playing game "Grandma's Chest"- decoration of the national costume, Bashkir ornament.

Conversation "We live in Bashkortostan» .

Looking at the illustration Bashkir folk costume.

Work:

Getting to know the work of a seamstress and dressmaker. They sew clothes (regular, holiday, national)

Manual labor (crafts)

Cognition:

Develop children's ability to name elements Bashkir costume: (Kharaus, dress with frills, ichiki)

Conversation "My Babai's Skullcap"

Didactic game "Find the same one" (apron, skullcap, etc.)

Develop fine motor skills hands: finger games Bashkir language(5 children with Timerbai)

Mathematical representations:

Exercise the ability to compare two objects - Skullcap (size and shape)

Cultivate attention. “Find an object by its appearance”

Construction:

Introduce children to design using elementary drawings - schemes: furniture for a doll.

Communication:

Learn to write a story on a topic "Granny's Outfit",

Looking at the illustrations for the book "Grandma's Chest",

Didactic game "Make up Bashkir ornament and pattern»

Reading fiction literature:

- "The Wise Old Man and the Foolish King",

- "A smart girl".

Artistic creativity:

Drawing "yurts": to introduce children to decorative activities, to show ways of coloring elements of national ornament, drawing Bashkir ornaments

Independent creative activity of children “We decorate the camisole with patterns Bashkir people»

Modeling "Baursak": develop the ability to tear small lumps from the main piece and roll them out in a circular motion.

Application “Decorating an apron for a doll”: develop the ability to cut out parts to decorate an apron Bashkir ornament and glue finished parts Bashkir ornament on the silhouette of an apron.

Working with parents:

Consultation “Customs and holidays « Bashkir people» .

Collaborative work of parents and children making crafts using Bashkir ornament, rug decoration Bashkir ornament

Final event: Exhibition of children's creativity.

Project methods:

Cognitive development (Conversations about culture Bashkir people, acquaintance with Bashkir patterns, national costumes)

Game activity ( "Make up Bashkir pattern» , "Patch the rug", « Bashkir Lotto» )

Productive activity (modeling, applique)

Artistic and aesthetic direction: drawings on the topic « Bashkir ornaments»

Interaction with parents: making crafts or decorations using Bashkir ornament, the work of parents together with children.

Project presentation:

Open display of OOD on artistic creativity at topic: « Bashkir ornaments»

Exhibition of works by parents and children at topic: “Making crafts using Bashkir ornament».

Publications on the topic:

Open educational hour “National Ornaments” Regional sanatorium school - boarding school No. 4. Open educational hour: “National ornaments, what they talk about” Conducted by: teacher 1.

Summary of the Open lesson in the senior group “Decoration of a Bashkir house” Municipal budgetary preschool educational institution Kindergarten No. 218 of the urban district of the city of Ufa of the Republic of Bashkortostan Abstract.

Methodological recommendations “Means of folk (Bashkir) art in decorative drawing” Folk Bashkir decorative and applied art fosters a sensitive attitude to beauty and contributes to the formation of a harmoniously developed personality.

Theme of directly organized educational activities: “Journey into the past of the Bashkir people” 04/25/2012. /preparatory.

Generalization of family experience in developing a healthy lifestyle in children of the third year of life Early childhood is the foundation of a child’s overall development, the starting period of all human beginnings. It is at this age that the foundations are laid.

Historical part:

Ornament is one of the oldest forms of human visual activity. It is the product of a long historical development. The bright, colorful, emotional decorative and applied art of the Bashkirs testifies to the inexhaustible talent of the people and creative potential, the natural ability of the Bashkirs to improvise, tells that, despite the difficult nomadic life, folk craftsmen, thanks to experience and ingenuity, learned the laws of harmony and rhythm, symmetry and proportions, light and shadow, and passed on their skill and experience from generation to generation.

Bashkir ornament is characterized by both geometric and floral motifs. Geometric patterns are enriched with stylized images of animals, birds and people, and plant compositions are enriched with curvilinear elements in the form of curls, spirals, horn-shaped and heart-shaped figures. (Annex 1).

Leading Bashkir ethnographers R.G. Kuzeev drew attention to the features of the ornamental creativity of the Bashkir people in the middle of the last century. And Bikbulatov N.V. In Bashkir decorative and applied art, they identified 6 main ornamental complexes, each of which represents a set of ornamental motifs of the same type related in origin and is associated with certain techniques of execution, with one or another range of household objects.

“The composition of the first ornamental complex included the simplest geometric figures in the form of triangles, squares and quadrangles, zigzags, crosses, rhombuses, circles, swirl rosettes, etc. They are part of more complex polychrome patterns built in the form of a border or sockets.(Appendix 2)

The second ornamental complex includes curvilinear patterns of various spirals, horn-shaped and heart-shaped figures, running waves, palmettes, as well as triangles - amulets. (Appendix 3).

The III ornamental complex includes realistic and stylized patterns of plant origin. It was mainly used in the form of a multi-color ornament of tambour embroidery, which decorated women's clothing, embroidery that decorated women's and men's clothing, and home decor items. (Appendix 4).

The IV-ornamental complex consists of complex polygons, eight-pointed stars, stepped rhombuses, polygons with processes, paired horn-like curls, combined into rosettes or solid meshes. (Appendix 5).

The V-th ornamental complex consists of heraldic compositions of birds, animals and trees, eight-pointed stars, border patterns of fork-shaped, nail-shaped and V-shaped figures. (Appendix 6).

The VIth ornamental complex includes geometric patterns of braided weaving, counted and stitch embroidery. Among them, the most common are squares, rhombuses (stepped, jagged, with extended sides, horn-like curls at the tops), stylized images of a person, an eight-pointed rosette, and an X-shaped figure. (Appendix 7).

All surrounding nature seemed animated. Signs, symbols, ritual objects and household items served as amulet. Embroidered decoration on clothes is done along the cuts, neckline, hem, collars and sleeves. To “strengthen” the seams and the fabric itself, in parts of clothing that are especially important for a person (chest, hips), an amulet-amulet trim is placed. Pendants and bibs are preserved in women's clothing; it was very heavy due to the large number of stripes: coins, corals, cut glass, medallions, chains, etc. They were arranged in horizontal rows, circles or columns. You can often see a mesh of coral or beads on the bib, and coral fringe that covers the slit of the dress. They all serve one purpose: to protect against the penetration of evil spirits. (Appendix 8).

The meaning of color in the ornament:

Red - symbolized warmth, fire, blood. “The active red color protected the owner from evil forces and the evil eye. For many peoples, the color red is synonymous with “beauty,” an expression of something beautiful (“red maiden,” “red corner”). Muslims considered this color sacred, magical, and having great “vitality.”

The color green (the green banner of the prophet) is considered revered and “sacred” in Islam. Green symbolized an oasis, nature, life, relaxation. Green is the color of immortality, the color of spring growing grass. In general, the worldview of the Bashkirs, who lead a nomadic lifestyle and were born in the “free elements of the steppe expanses,” was largely formed on a natural basis.

The color yellow symbolized the color of the Sun, the egg yolk, the color of the rebirth of the Sun, the egg yolk, the color of the rebirth of life and the richness of autumn. But this is also the color of the excessive Sun, the scorched steppe. Yellow gold jewelry could not protect the owner; on the contrary, they could harm him if there were a lot of them. In general, the Bashkirs preferred silver to gold, believing that silver was of divine origin, and gold of the devil.

White color - symbolizes purity, spotlessness, innocence, virtue, joy. The purity of the Bashkirs was also manifested in the fact that the Bashkirs “did not use offensive and obscene expressions in the presence of old people, women and children, and were careful not to slander in nature, when communicating with animals and bees.

In the process of ethnic relationships and cultural mutual influences, the ornament is enriched with new elements and forms.

Thus, folk ornament is an inextricable whole of traditional and borrowed, ancient and old.

Conclusion.

For centuries, people have sought to express in artistic form their attitude to life, love of nature, and their understanding of beauty. Classes in the “Initial Technical Modeling” association play an important role in introducing children to arts and crafts. It is in the conditions of the association that the purposeful and systematic development of creative initiative and independence is possible. Classes allow you to learn more about your republic, hometown, children become more active and their vocabulary is enriched, it’s great that there is an opportunity to touch the inexhaustible talent of the Bashkir people, to learn their beauty and secrets. Products decorated with ornaments reveal to children the richness of the culture of the people, help them learn customs, teach them to understand and love beauty, and introduce them to work according to the laws of beauty. The ornamental basis of folk art is close and accessible for perception and reflection in creative activity.

Bibliography:

Davletshina Z.M. Women's handicrafts among the Bashkirs (past and present). - Ufa, 2011.

Ivanov S.V. Ornament of the peoples of Siberia as a historical source. – M., L., 1963.

History and culture of Bashkortostan. - Ufa, 2001.

Kazbulatova G. The language of costume. //Eurasian Review, 2003, No. 9. – P.12-16.

Karimov K.K. Culture of Bashkortostan (1917-2000). - Ufa, 2006.

Kuzeev R.G., Bikbulatov I.V., Shitova S.N. Decorative creativity of the Bashkir people. - Ufa, 1979.

Culture of the peoples of Bashkortostan: history and modernity: Regional materials. scientific conf. dedicated to the memory of D.Zh. Valeeva / rep. ed. Z.Ya Rakhmatullina, - Ufa, 2003.

Nikonorova E.E. Ornament of counted embroidery of the Bashkirs. - Ufa, 2002.

Rudenko S.I. Bashkirs. Experience of ethnological monograph. Part 2. Life of the Bashkirs.// Zap. Russian Geographical Society by department. Ethnographies. T.43. Issue 2, 1925; Rudenko S.I. Bashkirs: Historical and ethnographic essays. – M., L., 1955.

Shitova S.N. Folk clothing of the Bashkirs. Archeology and ethnography of Bashkiria. T.3. – M., 1979. – P.160-182.

Shitova S.N. Folk art: felts, carpets and fabrics of the southern Bashkirs. - Ufa, 2006.

Kondratsky M.V., Milovzorova M.V. Traditional colors of the Bashkir ornament as a reflection of the national spirit of the Bashkir people.

Inna Nikitina

In our kindergarten we pay great attention to patriotic education. We introduce the children to the work and life of people of different nationalities and nationalities. We teach children to understand that all people should live in peace and harmony. We cultivate love and respect for work, interest in folk fine arts. We cultivate an aesthetic attitude and instill interest in various types of folk crafts, in the various materials from which craftsmen made various products. Explained how it was born painting by Bashkir masters. We examined product samples, elements murals. Children learned what colors Bashkir craftsmen use in murals.

Abstract

organized educational activities

educational field "Artistic and aesthetic development"

"Painting towels

Bashkir ornament»

preparatory group

Integration of educational regions: "Cognitive Development", "Music", "Artistic and aesthetic creativity", "Speech development".

Integrated Tasks:

Educational: Continue to teach children to introduce Bashkir folk craft. Teach children to recognize objects from Bashkir painting.

Developmental: To develop in children the ability to create compositions and harmoniously place a drawing on a sheet. Introduce children to the art of beauty. Improve your drawing skills Bashkir painting using characteristic elements and colors.

Educational: Cultivate interest in Bashkir decorative and applied arts.

Material: Drawing sheets, gouache or paint, brushes, Bashkir products(spoons, bowls, tray, etc.) Towel, embroidered Bashkir painting, sample elements Bashkir painting.

Organizing time:

Guys, what republic do we live in?

(In the Republic Bashkortostan)

What national instrument is made in Bashkortostan from reed?

(Kurai)

Listen Bashkir melody, which is played on the kurai, and I will read it to you poem:

Bashkiria is mine! Earth and sky!

My love, my nightingale land,

I feel sorry for the one who has never been here,

I feel sorry for the one who didn’t sing kurai!

Today we will go to the museum "Decorative Arts" Bashkir people» , where we will see a lot of interesting things. Close your eyes, let's count 1,2,3 - open your eyes, here we are in the museum.

(In a separate place there is a table with products Bashkir masters is a museum, the teacher tells and shows, the children look)

Look how many different products there are here. Who do you think made them?

(Bashkir masters)

Look these things

Today they came to visit us,

To tell us the secrets of ancient beauty.

To bring us into the world Bashkiria,

Into the world of legends and goodness,

To say what is in Bashkiria

Miracle people-masters!

-Bashkir people have long decorated with bright decorate your homes, wooden dishes, clothes, shoes. While decorating their products, people talked about themselves. Why did he do this?

(To make it beautiful)

-Bashkir art varied: this includes weaving, embroidery, and woodworking, tableware painting. The main occupation in the old days was cattle breeding: women wove and embroidered felts, carpets, rugs. Now in modern times we have a lot of folk arts and crafts in Bashkiria where the products are made. This includes the Birsk factory of artistic products, souvenir shops of Gafuriysky and Burzyansky timber industry enterprises, stone-cutting workshops in the cities of Sibay and Uchaly. The largest is Bashkir artistic association "Agidel" in Ufa. The main products of this association are painted wood products. Look how beautiful the spoons and cups are. What do they remind you of? painting, Guys?

(Russian Khokhloma painting)

Right. A few years ago, masters of Khokhloma paintings arrived in Bashkiria. A new association was opened here "Agidel", but only the technology was taken, but the composition, color Bashkir the artists developed it themselves. Russians and Bashkirs lived in friendship. As you already know, more of your products Bashkir craftsmen decorate with ornaments. Bashkirs closely connected with nature, in ornament there are natural forms, This: waves, mountains, sun, kurai flower. Masters also depict animals using characters: ram horns, crow's feet, eyes, etc.

Did you enjoy your tour of the museum?

Do you want to become a master yourself for a while?

Let's close our eyes and find ourselves back in our group. Sit down at the tables.

Let's remember the elements again Bashkir ornament.

(The teacher shows samples ornaments, children call)

(Flocks of sheep, mountains, sun, ram's head, pasture, comb, ram's horns)

Now tell me how it is located Bashkir pattern on a sheet?

(Symmetrical)

Name the primary colors in ornament.

(Red, yellow, green, less often blue)

What background is the pattern shown on?

(On black, red, yellow, less often white)

Let's remember that Bashkir The masters associated each color of paint with nature.

(Color of Life)

(Color of the earth)

(Grass color)

(Color of the sun)

(The color of purity)

Well done! Guys, look, I embroidered towel with Bashkir pattern.

And you will draw for me Bashkir pattern on paper towels. Look again at the elements of the patterns, think about the sketch and get to work.

(Children look at the samples and begin to draw)

(While drawing, the melody of the kurai sounds quietly.)

(During the drawing process, the teacher monitors the drawing technique, reminds how to draw, gives advice)

Let's finish. Now we will look at all our towels. How beautiful they turned out. Today we learned a lot about Bashkir crafts Well done, you showed your knowledge! Our Motherland is rich in talents. I want you to grow into good masters of your craft. The main thing is that you put your soul, all your efforts and skills into your work! Thank you.

Publications on the topic:

Summary of direct educational activities using ICT in the “Butterflies” preparatory group Educational areas: “Cognitive development”, “Speech development”, “Social and communicative development”, “Artistic and aesthetic.

Summary of the educational activities of the preparatory group (The number of children present at the lesson is 8 people).

Summary of direct educational activities in the preparatory group “Listopad” Program content: 1. Clarify and consolidate children’s knowledge about seasonal changes in nature - the change of seasons: 2. Form a generalized one.

Summary of direct educational activities in the preparatory group “We are astronauts” Goal: To consolidate the acquired knowledge about space, planets, and the Sun. Introduce children to the history of the development of astronautics. Tasks directly.

Summary of direct educational activities in the preparatory group "Cosmos" Objectives: Educational: 1. Expand children’s understanding of Space and the planets of the Solar system. 2. Give an idea of ​​how craters are formed.