Who wrote the poem Dubrovsky. Dubrovsky (novel), history of creation, plot of the novel, possible continuation, criticism, film adaptations, opera. The emergence of the novel's concept

Among the unfinished works of the luminary of Russian poetry, Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin, the novel “Dubrovsky” became extraordinary for modern Russian prose. It is original due to the combination of pressing problems in society with a dynamic storyline. Work on the work lasted just over six months, but it was published only eight years later, in 1841, in the volume of Pushkin’s posthumous works. There are rumors that, according to the author's plan, the ending could have been different, but many generations of readers who are fond of this book cannot imagine a different development of events.

Perception of the novel

The novel “Dubrovsky,” whose author is a genius in the minds of all residents of the country without exception, is perceived as completely finished, although it has not received the final artistic treatment; Some plot episodes remained undeveloped, the motives for the characters’ behavior were not fully clear, and the portrayal of the main characters lacked the proper depth. In fact, they are very static, and the reader is forced to independently imagine their human traits. Only a detailed study of the drafts made it possible to understand the intent of the novel “Dubrovsky”. The author gave food for thought to his followers. A number of hypotheses have been put forward about the reasons for the incompleteness of the novel and its possible continuation.

Writing process

Pushkin wrote the novel “Dubrovsky” with enthusiasm, and then suddenly cooled down to the process and did not return to work. A possible reason for the cooling is interest in “The History of Pugachev” and the first drafts of a novel about Pugachevism. Among Pushkin’s works, this work simultaneously became a stage on the path from Belkin’s Tales to a modern socio-psychological novel and a step towards the historical novel The Captain’s Daughter. In the novel “Dubrovsky,” Pushkin is guided by the concepts of brevity, accuracy and simplicity that are key to his work. The main narrative principle was the alternation of the author's concise characteristics of the characters with the depiction of specific scenes with their participation.

The emergence of the novel's concept

Very restrained and laconically, Pushkin’s work “Dubrovsky” characterizes the life and customs of the local nobility. The author uses precise analytical prose, trying to be as objective as possible, but remaining human and from time to time giving direct assessments of actions and making ironic remarks.

With its freshness and originality, the novel evokes associations with the works of Western European and Russian writers of the 18th and first third of the 19th century. Many researchers of Pushkin’s work think that the impetus for the creation of the novel was given by Schiller’s drama “The Robbers,” Kapnist’s comedy “The Whistleblower” and many accusatory plays about corrupt servants of Russian justice. But in fact, the writer was inspired by the story of the Belarusian nobleman Ostrovsky, which his Moscow friend P.V. Nashchokin told him. The essence of the story is that the landowner’s estate was illegally taken away, after which he became a robber and ended up in prison.

This story, supplemented by facts from the trial, became the basis of the novel. Thus, the writer achieved maximum authenticity and even documentation of the novel. There is evidence of such veracity - in the second chapter, practically unchanged, the text of the document of the court decision in the case of one of the landowners who lost his estate is given. Only the names of the heroes of the lawsuit were replaced with fictitious ones - Troekurov and Dubrovsky.

But the author of the book “Dubrovsky” did not limit himself to judicial chronicles and oral stories about lawlessness, which have long become a typical everyday phenomenon. Many social and moral problems of victims of the arbitrariness of higher authorities were organically woven into the plot. According to the great V. Belinsky, Pushkin’s novel “Dubrovsky” is one of the “poetic creations” that reflect Russian society.

“Dubrovsky” - who wrote it and what conflicts were based on it?

Some time before the start of work on the novel, namely in February 1832, Alexander Sergeevich was awarded a special present from Emperor Nicholas I. It was a collection of laws of the empire in 55 volumes. Such a sign of royal favor was supposed to show the poet the full power of legislation. In the novel “Dubrovsky” (everyone knows who wrote it) there is no longer the romantic pathos inherent in the poet’s early works. Here the poet demonstrates the influence of laws on the daily life of the nobles, their dependence on power and complete submission. The main idea of ​​the work is that, in fact, in the novel all laws are replaced by the law of power, wealth and nobility.

The plot of the novel develops very dynamically, combining two conflicts that are different in nature. The first conflict, the main events of which occur in the first volume, is intra-class and has a strong social overtones. Neighbors, former colleagues and even long-time friends collide in it. This is a wealthy landowner, retired general-in-chief Kirill Petrovich Troekurov and a petty nobleman, retired lieutenant Andrei Gavrilovich Dubrovsky, who wrote a statement to the court regarding the impudent remark of Troekurov’s hound, who humiliated Dubrovsky’s dignity. Here there was a conflict between the pride of Dubrovsky and Troekurov, which developed into a property conflict with an emphasis on social inequality, which predetermined the outcome of the litigation. Troyekurov was helped by corrupt judges and neighbors who were false witnesses.

The second conflict of the novel is family and everyday conflict. This is a typical everyday situation - forced marriage. Masha Troekurova is forced to marry the old Prince Vereisky. The problem of family lawlessness and the question of the right to love, regardless of public views and prejudices, are widely covered. The theme of the struggle between love passion and moral duty is also touched upon.

Central heroes of conflicts

In both conflicts, the main figure is Kirill Petrovich Troekurov, who oppresses both the Dubrovskys and his own daughter. The image of the Russian master becomes the true embodiment of tyranny and arbitrariness. This is a real despot who is indifferent to other people's opinions and other people's desires. He is like this not through his own fault, but due to his social status. He is rude, spoiled and voluptuous. Add to these traits the lack of education, and you get a person of “ardent disposition” and “limited mind.” Troekurov's arbitrariness is clearly demonstrated in his treatment of his family, guests, and his daughter's teachers. The author, however, finds several noble traits in the hero. For example, he experiences remorse, worrying about the property taken from Dubrovsky, and even tries to make peace and return what was taken away.

Andrei Gavrilovich Dubrovsky wins over the reader, who sympathizes with his sad fate. But the author by no means idealizes his hero, noting the presence of temper and stubbornness in his character, as well as his susceptibility to momentary emotional swings. And he is familiar with envy, and as a manager he does not shine, because he cannot improve his condition. The main feature of Dubrovsky is noble pride, which does not allow him to accept the patronage of Troekurov. Dubrovsky also turns out to be a kind of despot and excludes the very possibility of the wedding of his son and Masha Troekurova, considering this a mercy unworthy of a nobleman. In court, the hero shows carelessness and intransigence, relying on the justice of the judges. His fate is a demonstration of the superiority of lawlessness over honesty.

Vladimir Dubrovsky - righteous feeling or blood feud?

The main character Dubrovsky continues the fate of his father. The arbitrariness of the court and tyranny of Troekurov literally pushed Vladimir out of his native environment into lawlessness. The hero is perceived as a noble robber and an honest avenger, since he does not seek to conquer what is not his own, but wants to return what is rightfully his. This is not a domestic Robin Hood, but a man who, by chance, found himself in similar circumstances and cannot do otherwise. The originality of Dubrovsky's fate is based on everyday circumstances. The author of the novel “Dubrovsky,” who wrote artistic portraits of the romantic villains in “Eugene Onegin,” abandoned the heroes with “worldly sorrow” in his soul and created his own noble robber, expressing open protest against the state that is taking away his future. The philosopher S.P. Shevyrev noted that the robber Dubrovsky is the fruit of public lawlessness, covered by the law.

Who is he really?

It was not for nothing that Alexander Pushkin noted: Dubrovsky, thanks to the frequent change of appearance and behavior patterns, becomes similar to other impostor heroes - Otrepyev and Pugachev. In the novel, he appears either as a guards officer, accustomed to a carefree life, or as a loving son, or as an avenger and chieftain of a gang of robbers. He is courageous and cold-blooded when he enters Troyekurov’s house under the guise of teacher Deforge, but is sentimental and indecisive in scenes of romantic dates.

Dubrovsky's description is characterized by silence and understatement. The reader can understand between the lines what qualities characterize this personality. Until the 11th chapter, the true essence of the calm and courageous teacher Deforge is not spoken of. Dubrovsky’s existence in a gang of robbers is also shrouded in haze. There are references to the fact that the leader of the gang is famous for his intelligence, courage and generosity. Rumors and gossip from frightened landowners make Dubrovsky the Robber a truly legendary personality. The second volume of the novel, despite the large number of omissions, gives more information about the feelings of the robber. He is smart and calculating, and is also well informed about all the events in Troekurov’s house, especially about the appearance of Prince Vereisky and his matchmaking with Masha. Under the guise of a French teacher, he comes to Troekurov for support. Dubrovsky is an avenger, but he cannot take revenge on Troekurov, since he is in love with Masha and will not raise his hand against her family.

The hero's love passion turns out to be higher than the thirst for revenge, and Dubrovsky forgives Troekurov.

The main thing in the second volume is the tragedy of the hero’s unfulfilled love, the inaccessibility for him of simple family happiness, to which he strives with all his soul. Only before leaving the Troyekurovs’ house does he open up to Masha and confess his feelings. Masha is confused. She does not respond with mutual recognition, but makes a promise to resort to Dubrovsky’s help if necessary.

The main character of the novel is Masha Troekurova and her experiences

Seventeen-year-old Masha Troekurova is beautiful and fresh. She attracts not only Dubrovsky, but also the elderly dandy Prince Vereisky, who wooes her. Masha is too young to even think about marriage. She is drawn to Dubrovsky, who, under the mask of Deforge, amazes the girl with his courage, and under his real name interests her with his unusualness, but even marriage with him frightens her, because moral standards about a possible marriage with a person of her circle, but not a teacher, are deeply rooted in her or a robber. But marriage to Prince Vereisky terrifies the girl. She begs her father not to destroy her, not to take her life, and to listen to her. Realizing the futility of her requests, she writes a letter to Prince Vereisky, begging him to abandon the wedding, but the letter has the opposite effect, and the wedding inevitably approaches. Despite her youth, Masha turns out to be a determined girl and in a hopeless situation she finds the strength to turn to the robber Dubrovsky for help. She waits for help until the last moment, but after she takes an oath of eternal fidelity, she realizes that there is no way out, and when Dubrovsky attacks their carriage in the forest, she refuses to leave with him. This shows not only the honesty, but also the dedication of the girl, as well as the morality of the robber, who gave her the right to choose and accepted her choice.

Honest robber Dubrovsky

Pushkin's story, despite its incompleteness, attracts with its sincerity and painful problems. The author seems to want to point out that being outside the law does not always indicate natural hardness. But every evil entails inevitable retribution. The appearance of Troyekurov’s people on Dubrovsky’s estate causes mass indignation among the peasants and manifestations of cruelty on their part. And the night fire in Kistenevka, which was organized by Vladimir Dubrovsky, who knew nothing about Troekurov’s locked envoys, became a harbinger of a popular revolt.

Why doesn't the novel become obsolete?

The novel “Dubrovsky” is Pushkin’s story about the causes of mass unrest, spontaneous discontent among peasants, and a full-scale war, which is fully depicted in the author’s subsequent works.

Of those who studied the novel “Dubrovsky”, who wrote about the robbers of his gang? One can only assume that these are former workers of Kistenevka, fugitive peasants and soldiers. Only at the end of the novel does it become obvious that the interests of the gang leader and his accomplices do not coincide. There is no camaraderie within their group; there is the same lordly and humiliated relationship when servants obey their master. The last chapter of the novel evokes associations with the novel “The Captain's Daughter”, where the same songs are sung, and the end of the novel evokes thoughts about the continuation of a real people's war. After the hero loses the thought of possible family happiness with Masha, he disbands his gang and hides abroad. In parting, he tells his accomplices that they are unlikely to return to an honest life, but nevertheless, after his departure, the roads become clear and the robberies stop. The last thought of the novel is very pessimistic, since the hero’s departure abroad is both his personal defeat and the defeat of the entire country in the struggle for freedom, honor and love.

At the beginning of the 19th century, adventure novels were in use. Alexander Pushkin also paid tribute to fashion. In 1832, the poet’s friend Pavel Nashchokin told a story about a landowner named Ostrovsky, whose estate was taken away by a biased court. The victim organized his peasants and began to engage in robbery with them. This story from life interested Pushkin. Soon the poet wrote the first two volumes of a novel about a noble robber.

But the work remained unfinished and did not even have a title. It was published after Pushkin's death in 1841. The publisher named the novel after the name of the main character - "Dubrovsky".

main idea works – protection of human dignity. Due to a personal insult, enmity breaks out between the Troyekurov and Dubrovsky families. Andrei Gavrilovich Dubrovsky cannot stand the unequal struggle for noble honor. He goes crazy and then dies. Then his son Vladimir begins to fight for the family property. He does not intend to give up his family nest to the enemy and prefers to burn the house in which he was born.

Even having set foot on the path of a robber, young Dubrovsky remains a man of honor. He is merciful and just, and does not oppress the poor. A lesson in observance of duty is also taught to us by Masha Troekurova, who refuses to leave her unloved husband, remaining faithful to her oath before the altar.

In the novel, Pushkin raises a very important issue of family lawlessness. Masha, like many girls of that time, could not fully control her destiny. The tyrannical father decided everything for her, not paying attention to his daughter’s desperate pleas and tears. Prince Vereisky saw in his bride only a rich and beautiful girl.

Romantic plot a work, as is often the case with Pushkin, is only an outer shell under which the content is hidden. In such novels, evil must traditionally be punished, and good must certainly triumph. But in Dubrovsky, good always loses. The insulted honor of the Dubrovskys remained unavenged, Kistenevka went to Troekurov, Masha married the prince, Vladimir was forced to flee abroad.

"Dubrovsky" is a social novel. His main idea: laws in Russia mean nothing compared to wealth and connections. Everyone, except Dubrovsky, grovels before Troekurov and forgives him any humiliation. Even government officials are at the landlord’s beck and call. There is no place for noble people in such a society.

Touched upon in the novel and theme of popular revolt. But the peasants of Kistenevka rise against Troekurov’s power not for the sake of justice or patriarchal attachment to “their” master. “If he gets someone else’s, he’ll tear off not only the skin, but also the meat.”, - the coachman Anton expresses the reason for his dissatisfaction. The peasants are worried about their own well-being, so their rebellion is not yet filled with ideological content. This is not a protest against serfdom, but an attempt to protect oneself from a despot.

The life of the local nobility is vividly and in detail depicted in the novel. Troekurov and Dubrovsky represent two different types of this class. Kirila Petrovich is a large landowner who keeps the entire neighborhood in fear. He feels like a master not only over his serfs, but also over his neighbors. Troekurov despises any person lower on the social ladder. He bosses around provincial officials as if they were his servants, and has two teachers killed. Kirila Petrovich likes to have a lot of people in the house. But the guests serve him more for amusement. Troekurov takes pleasure in humiliating them, making rude and even cruel jokes.

The conceit of this uneducated and spoiled gentleman knows no bounds. He believes that Dubrovsky does not attack his possessions solely out of fear of Troekurov’s power. Absolute impunity, vindictiveness and lust for power overshadow the landowner's rare glimpses of nobility and remorse.

Troekurov's opponent, Andrei Gavrilovich Dubrovsky, is an honest, decisive and noble nobleman, but sometimes he is quick-tempered, envious, and stubborn. Like Troekurov, he is prone to arbitrariness and prefers lynching, and treats the law with disdain. Dubrovsky the elder demands that the huntsman Paramoshka be handed over for punishment, and he himself deals with the Troekurov men who stole the forest from him. Pushkin clearly shows in the novel that even the best representatives of the nobility put their lordly self-will above morality and law.

The conflict of the older generation destroys the destinies of children. Vladimir Dubrovsky turns from a brilliant officer into a homeless outcast. Pushkin presents us with his hero in different roles: a loving son who sincerely worries about the death of his father, a desperate avenger, a brave and cold-blooded French tutor, an ataman of dashing robbers, an ardent lover.

Dubrovsky is a victim of violence and its instrument. Vladimir did not strive to become a robber, to live outside the law. At first he wanted to find justice for Troekurov “at the top.” He did not intend to kill the judges either. It was the blacksmith Arkhip who, with his cruel act, put Dubrovsky in a hopeless situation. Vladimir became a criminal only when the legal way to solve the problem was closed to him.

Love for Masha in Dubrovsky’s noble heart overcomes the feeling of revenge. He forgives Troekurov, because the house where his daughter lives becomes sacred. Involuntary crimes weigh on the soul and conscience of a young man, and all attempts to become noble and honest end in failure.

Love only increases Vladimir's suffering. He understands perfectly well that being the wife of a murderer and robber is a cruel choice. Therefore, Dubrovsky does not invite Masha to run away with him. He is ready to give her freedom from her despot father and hated fiancé when there is no other choice. Vladimir dreams of family happiness with his beloved, but can sacrifice it for the sake of the girl’s peace of mind. He accepts Masha's choice without objection.

Does Masha love Dubrovsky? The young girl rather sees him as a brave hero. She is attracted by the aura of mystery and romance surrounding the name of the young robber, and is flattered by his enthusiastic worship. But is this love? Pushkin’s heroine herself answers the question: “it’s better to die, it’s better to go to a monastery, it’s better to marry Dubrovsky.”

Critics reacted differently to the novel. Some saw many weaknesses in it, others recognized high artistic merits. “This is one of the greatest creations of Pushkin’s genius,” Belinsky wrote about the novel. For a long time, the work was included in the school curriculum and was filmed many times. An opera of the same name was created based on the novel “Dubrovsky”.

The novel “Dubrovsky” was written by A. S. Pushkin at the end of 1832 - beginning of 1833. The idea of ​​the work is connected with the real story of the poor landowner Ostrovsky, who was deprived of his estate and, with the support of the peasants, became a robber.

Meaning of the name

The novel is laconically named after the surname of the main character - Vladimir Andreevich Dubrovsky.

The main theme of the work

The main theme of the work is the tragic influence of lawlessness on the fate of man.

Landowners in pre-revolutionary Russia did not represent a single cohesive class. In this environment there was also significant property differentiation. Troekurov’s lawsuit with the elder Dubrovsky is a completely typical phenomenon. The wealth of the first gave power, the poverty of the second led to an increased, painful sense of self-esteem.

The conflict broke out over a completely trivial reason, but the noble blood of the opponents “speaked.” The all-powerful Troekurov did not particularly need his neighbor’s estate, he simply could not tolerate disobedience. Dubrovsky’s position is clearly stated in one phrase: “I am not a buffoon, but an old nobleman.”

Troyekurov, most likely, in any case, with the help of money and connections, could get Dubrovsky’s estate into his own hands. But the loot itself comes to him: the documents burned during the fire actually deprive Andrei Gavrilovich of the rights to his property. Thanks to the resourceful assessor Shabashkin, the court decision is made in favor of Troekurov.

Andrei Gavrilovich is poor, but noble. He is not afraid to meet the enemy in open battle (Dubrovsky’s participation in the war with Turkey is mentioned in the novel), but the judicial “duel” becomes a stab in the back for him. A fit of madness that occurred after the decision was made foreshadows Andrei Gavrilovich's imminent death. He has no place in a society where honor and justice are replaced by cunning, meanness and a false interpretation of the laws.

The loss of the estate has a much more significant impact on the fate of the young Dubrovsky - Vladimir. In addition, before his eyes, at the sight of Troekurov, his father dies.

An internal struggle takes place in Vladimir’s soul for some time. The shocked young man must choose his future path in life. Having lost his only source of income, Vladimir is doomed to poverty and destitution. Continuing to fight with a wealthy neighbor will inevitably put him outside the law. The decisive argument for Vladimir is the selfless devotion of the peasants of Kistenevka and their willingness to die for the sake of their owner.

A young nobleman becomes the head of a band of robbers under the pressure of circumstances. He simply has no other decent way out. The name of Dubrovsky strikes fear in the entire district. At the same time, people feel an involuntary respect for the noble robber who robs only the rich, thus fighting injustice.

Dubrovsky's gang would have been destroyed sooner or later. The leader understands this very well, but wants to end his “career” with dignity. Having given up the desire to destroy his main enemy for the sake of Masha, he finds a new goal - to save the girl from an unhappy marriage. A slight delay becomes fatal for Masha, Vladimir and all the robbers. Dubrovsky still manages to repel the attack of the soldiers, after which he disbands his gang and disappears abroad.

Thus, the fate of a carefree young officer changes dramatically because of a joke from a serf. He quickly loses his estate, his father, and even his first serious love. Defending his noble honor, Vladimir unwittingly becomes a criminal. In the end, Dubrovsky is forced to part with his homeland.

Issues

The central problem of the work is the arbitrariness of rich landowners. Troekurov was, in general, not the worst person at heart. He was spoiled by wealth and nobility. Universal respect and honor developed in Troekurov a false belief in his indisputable superiority. This conviction gradually drowns out the previous positive qualities in the landowner’s soul. He decisively begins a legal battle against his best friend, knowing that this will lead him to ruin and possible death.

Troekurov treats his beloved daughter in the same despotic manner. He is touched and embarrassed by Masha's tears, but stubbornness does not allow him to change the decision he has already made. By marrying his daughter to an old man, Troekurov dooms her to misfortune.

Composition

Pushkin divided the short novel into two volumes. The first describes the essence of Dubrovsky’s tragedy, the beginning of his predatory activities; the main characters appear. The climax that separates the novel is the appearance of Dubrovsky in Troekurov’s house under the guise of the Frenchman Deforge. The second volume is dedicated to the short-term unsuccessful romance between Vladimir and Masha, after which the leader disbands the gang.

What the author teaches

Pushkin leaves it to the reader to decide for himself whether Dubrovsky is right or wrong. According to the law, he is a criminal deserving of the strictest punishment. But according to the concepts of honor and supreme justice, Vladimir’s actions are completely justified. And all his crimes do not allow one to doubt the nobility of the involuntary robber.

The novel “Dubrovsky” tells about the noble robber who spoke out against the violence of tyrant oppressors, a summary of which will be presented below, chapter by chapter. The author tells a story about a freedom-loving avenger, unrequited love and loyalty to his word.

Children who attend the 6th grade of secondary school are given the task by a literature teacher to write an annotation based on the novel “Dubrovsky”: a summary for the reader’s diary. To make it easier to remember the summary of the novel “Dubrovsky”, it is useful to write an outline of the work.

Note! A.S. Pushkin did not name his creation. In place of the title is the date when work on the novel began - October 21, 1832.
The name of the novel was given by the publishers after the surname of the main character, Vladimir Dubrovsky, when the first volume of the work was published in 1841.

Events develop as follows:

1. One day, Troekurov’s dogmaster made an insulting remark to Dubrovsky, which made his owner laugh. Soon Andrei Gavrilovich flogged the Troekurov serfs who were stealing the forest.
   There is a quarrel between neighbors. Kirila Petrovich starts a lawsuit to seize the village of Kistenevka in his favor.
2. The court's decision to transfer Kistenevka into Troekurov's possession is read out in court. The retired chief general is pleased. Shocked Andrei Gavrilovich causes a scandal in the judge's room. The old man falls ill and is taken to an estate that already belongs to a neighbor.
3. An old nanny sends Vladimir Dubrovsky a letter about his father’s illness. A guards officer, having taken leave, comes home. At the post station the young man is met by Anton, the serf coachman. On the way to the estate, the peasant talks about the events that happened. In the village, his son is met by a sick, exhausted Andrei Gavrilovich.
   
4. It is difficult for the young master Dubrovsky to understand the litigation without the help of an attorney. Troekurov is tormented by his conscience. An unseemly act committed in the heat of anger haunts the wayward landowner. Kirila Petrovich decides to make peace with an old friend.
   At the sight of the general-in-chief entering the courtyard, Andrei Gavrilovich loses his temper and is overcome by a fit of rage. The poor old man had a stroke. Vladimir Dubrovsky orders Troekurov to be expelled. Father dies.
5. Arkady Gavrilovich was buried next to the grave of Vladimir’s mother. The young man was absent from the funeral dinner. In the forest he thought about his future life. In the evening, the writs arrived to execute the court decision to alienate Dubrovsky’s estate in favor of Troekurov.
   The courtyard people almost started a riot. Vladimir's intercession saved the officials from reprisals.
   
6. In his office, Vladimir Dubrovsky, sorting through Andrei Gavrilovich’s papers, came across letters from his mother addressed to his father in the army during the Turkish campaign. Sad feelings overwhelmed the young man.
   Not wanting the family nest to fall into the wrong hands, the son of the deceased burns the house. All that was left in the building were the drunken clerks who had fallen asleep. Leaving the estate, the master makes an appointment for the peasants in the Kistenevskaya Grove.
7. Troekurov came to find out the cause of the fire. The blacksmith Arkhip was found to be the culprit of the incident. Andrei Gavrilovich’s son Vladimir was also suspected of involvement in the case.
   Soon a gang of robbers appeared in the area, looting and burning the houses of landowners. Only Troekurov's possessions remained intact.
   
8. Troyekurov’s daughter, seventeen-year-old Masha, was raised on French novels. The education of Sasha's son, born to a landowner as his daughter's governess, was carried out by Monsieur Deforge (Vladimir Dubrovsky in disguise), whom Kirila Petrovich discharged from Moscow.
   The master loved to joke for the sake of pushing an unlucky guest into a room with a hungry bear. The son's teacher was also subjected to such a test. Deforge was not taken aback and, taking out a pistol, shot the enraged beast. Masha falls in love with a Frenchman.

The beauty of the Russian language will not be experienced by the very brief content of the novel “Dubrovsky”. The novel should be read in its entirety. School teachers also recommend listening to brief content performed by masters of artistic expression.

Part 2 of the novel

From November 11 to December 14, 1832, Pushkin did not work on the novel. The end date of Chapter XIX is February 6, 1833. The work remained unfinished.

What is volume 2 of the novel “Dubrovsky” about:

1. On October 1, a temple holiday was celebrated in Pokrovskoye. After the service, numerous guests gathered for lunch at the Troekurov estate. During the feast, the latest news related to the robbers was discussed.
2. Troekurov ordered the guests not to be released until tomorrow. In the evening the ball began. After midnight, the invitees began to disperse to their assigned rooms. Anton Pafnutich Spitsyn decided to spend the night in Deforge's wing.
   The landowner was afraid of being robbed because he hid all the money on his chest in a leather bag. The courageous Frenchman seemed a reliable defense. At night, the teacher robbed Spitsyn, calling himself Dubrovsky.
   
3. A month before this incident, Vladimir Dubrovsky bought a passport and recommendations from a real teacher, who, on his way to Troekurov’s estate, was waiting at the post station for a change of horses. Having taken possession of Deforge's documents, the robber settled in Pokrovskoye.
   The morning after the celebration, the host and guests were surprised by Spitsyn’s pale appearance, looking warily at the Frenchman. Having hastily drank tea, the landowner hurried to take his leave.
4. One day the teacher gave Masha a note in which he suggested meeting in the garden. On a date, a young man says his real name. The chieftain of the robbers admits that Troekurov was supposed to be the first victim of his revenge.
   But Vladimir’s love for the girl saved Kiril Petrovich from death. Masha promises to turn to Dubrovsky for help in case of emergency. The leader of the robbers leaves Pokrovskoye. The police officer came to the estate to arrest the imaginary teacher.
   
5. Prince Vereisky returned to his native estate, which was located 30 versts from Pokrovsky. The holder of two orders and the owner of 3,000 serfs was invited to visit Troekurov. The beauty of Maria Kirillovna impresses the elderly socialite.
   Two days later, father and daughter pay a return visit. The whole day is spent having fun. An old bachelor talks about the paintings he collected. The host and guests take a boat ride on the lake. In the evening there was a gourmet dinner. At night, the sky was decorated with fireworks in honor of the Troekurovs.
6. Several days passed. When Masha was doing embroidery in her room, an unknown person threw a note through the window. The girl did not have time to read the message, the servant called her to Troekurov.
   The father, next to whom Vereisky was, announces his intention to marry his daughter to the prince. After crying, Masha realizes how disgusting the old groom is.
   Left alone, the girl reads a note in which a robber in love makes an appointment.
   
7. In the night garden, Vladimir Dubrovsky invites his beloved to get rid of the hated prince. Masha does not want to cause the death of another person and promises to beg her parent not to marry her to a depraved rich man.
   If Dubrovsky’s help is needed, Troekurov’s daughter will put the ring in the hollow of an oak tree at the place of their meeting.
8. Masha writes a letter to the prince asking him to refuse the marriage. Vereisky is doing everything possible to speed up the wedding.
   The landowner ignores his daughter’s threat to find a protector in Dubrovsky and sets a wedding day. Locked in the room, Masha is unable to warn her lover about her misfortune.
   
9. The next morning, brother Sashenka, at the request of his sister, takes the ring to the agreed hiding place. A ragged red-haired man who jumps out of the bushes steals the ring. A fight breaks out between the boys.
   The gardener Stepan rushes to the barchuk's aid. Kirila Petrovich is clarifying the circumstances of the incident. Troekurov and the police officer, who came from the city, draw up a plan to capture the ataman of the robbers.
10. The wedding of Vereisky and Marya Kirilovna took place in the parish church. On the way to the prince’s estate, the carriage is attacked by Dubrovsky’s detachment. Vladimir announces that Masha is free. But the girl replies that help came too late.
    From today she is the prince’s wife and will be faithful to her husband. The robbers leave without harming anyone. The newlyweds continued on their way to the wedding feast.
    
11. A company of soldiers attacked the forest camp of robbers. Having killed the officer, the former serfs repelled the attack. Vladimir Dubrovsky announces to his accomplices his intention to stop robberies and leave.
    The owner advises the peasants who became rich during their forest life to move to remote provinces and begin a peaceful life.

At the beginning of the 19th century, adventure stories and novels began to enjoy great popularity in Russian literature. Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin, who wrote a novel about a noble robber, did not stand aside from fashion trends. In “Dubrovsky,” the analysis of the work includes a disclosure of the theme, a description of the composition, genre and history of creation. It will be useful in preparing for a literature lesson in 6th grade. We invite you to familiarize yourself with a thorough analysis of the Dubrovsky plan.

Brief Analysis

Year of writing– 1833.

History of creation– The work is based on the story of Pavel Nashchokin about the real-life nobleman Ostrovsky, who during the trial was left without a family estate and was forced to take the path of crime.

Composition– Exposition - description of characters and setting; the beginning is a quarrel between Troekurov and Dubrovsky Sr., which led to tragic consequences; development of the plot - the arrival of Vladimir Dubrovsky, the arson of Kistenevka, the organization of a band of robbers, love for Masha Troekurova; the climax is Masha’s wedding with the old man; denouement - Dubrovsky's departure abroad.

Genre– Social novel.

Direction– Realism.

History of creation

When Alexander Sergeevich heard from his friend the poet Pavel Nashchokin a fascinating story about a bankrupt landowner named Ostrovsky, he realized that it could be taken as the basis for a future novel.

According to Nashchokin’s recollections, he once met in the prison a young Belarusian nobleman who became the victim of a corrupt judge. For a long time he sued his neighbor over land, but as a result he was expelled from his own estate without a penny in his pocket. Having gathered his serfs, the landowner organized a real band of robbers and began to trade in robberies.

In the fall of 1832, Pushkin began work on a new novel, and in a short time he wrote two parts out of the planned three. The second volume was completed in February 1833, but the third, for some reason, was never started.

The novel was published only in 1841, 4 years after the tragic death of Alexander Sergeevich in a duel. Since the writer never had time to give a title to his work, the editors called it “Dubrovsky.”

Subject

Alexander Sergeevich raised many important topics that have not lost their relevance today. Central theme“Dubrovsky” – protection of human dignity. Thriving corruption in government bodies has crippled the fates of many people. Old man Dubrovsky became a similar victim, who, due to his poverty, was unable to defend his honor and dignity in court.

Vladimir saw the only way to protect the honor of his family name only in taking revenge with his own hands, without relying on the letter of the law. In fact, he was forced to take the criminal path; he simply had no other choice. This greatly saddens the author, who understands that in Russia an honest but poor person is absolutely powerless.

The main idea of ​​the novel- lack of equality between representatives of the same social class, the difference between whom was only in their financial situation. The author comes to a disappointing conclusion: the law always stands on the side of wealth, while noble, honest and progressive people, such as Vladimir, find themselves on the sidelines of life.

The writer also paid a lot of attention to the problems of family lawlessness - the crippled fate of children forced to submit to their parents' will. Troekurov, despite the tears of his 17-year-old daughter, gave her in marriage to an unloved old man, whose main advantage was wealth and position in society.

To remain a man of honor, to be merciful and fair - this is what the work teaches. It is very important to be able to find compromise solutions and listen to each other in order to prevent possible conflicts and tragedies from arising. This is novel idea- strive for mutual understanding in society, forgetting about your own selfishness.

Composition

The composition of the novel is distinguished by a clear chronology of plot lines. In the exposition, the author introduces the reader to the characters and the setting in which the events will develop. Descriptions are given of the two main characters - the landowner Kirill Petrovich Troekurov and his close neighbor Andrei Gavrilovich Dubrovsky.

Tie-up The work involves a quarrel between neighboring landowners, which quickly escalates into a serious conflict. Troekurov bribes the judge and takes away his Kistenevka estate from Dubrovsky. Having learned the judge's verdict, Dubrovsky goes crazy and dies after a while.

What happens next plot development. Having learned about what happened, Dubrovsky’s son, guards cornet Vladimir, arrives from St. Petersburg. He gathers his serfs and sets fire to Kistenevka, and then becomes a robber, terrifying the local landowners.

Wanting to take revenge on his main offender, Troekurov, Dubrovsky, under the guise of a teacher, ends up in his house. But his plans are ruined by the charming Masha Troekurova, with whom he falls passionately in love. However, the happiness of young people is impossible - Troekurov has already wooed Masha to the old rich man.

IN climax In the novel, Dubrovsky is in a hurry to rescue his beloved from a hated marriage, but does not have time: Masha is already engaged and, having taken an oath of marital fidelity, is forced to stay with her unloved husband.

Denouement The novel is the dissolution of the bandit gang and Dubrovsky's departure abroad.

Main characters

Genre

When analyzing the work, it should be noted that it belongs to the genre of social novel, which reveals many acute social themes of its time.

The direction characteristic of Pushkin’s novel “Dubrovsky” is realism. However, the work also contains some features of romanticism.

Work test

Rating Analysis

Average rating: 4.4. Total ratings received: 2921.