Who is Pimen in the drama Boris Godunov. The chronicler Pimen in the tragedy of Boris Godunov Pushkin essay about a monk. Several interesting essays

Old Man Pimen is one of the minor characters in the famous tragedy “Boris Godunov” by A. S. Pushkin, written in 1825. However, this does not make it any less bright. The author collected this image of the “meek and humble old man” from “History...” by N.M. Karamzin, as well as from literature of the 16th century.

This hero is the chronicler monk of the Chudov Monastery, the wisest and most venerable elder, under whose command was the young monk G. Otrepiev.

Characteristics

(People's Artist of the RSFSR Alexander Iosifovich Baturin as Pimen from the opera Boris Godunov)

The character of Elder Pimen, as the author himself admitted, is not his own invention. In it, the author combined the characteristic features of his favorite heroes from ancient Russian chronicles. Therefore, his hero has meekness, simplicity, zeal, piety in relation to royal power (it was believed that it was given from God), and wisdom. And although the author devoted very little space to the characterization of the old man, you can see how reverently he treats his hero. Pimen is not a simple warrior monk who is imbued with deep religious feelings. He has an excellent education and is intelligent. The elder sees God’s finger in every event, therefore he never condemns anyone’s actions. The hero also has some poetic gift, which connects him with the author himself - he writes a chronicle.

Image in the work

The hero of one of the scenes of the tragedy, old man Pimen, got a seemingly insignificant role. But this character performs an important function in the development of storylines, in the linking of fundamental images and ideas. In the first scene, from Shuisky’s story, it becomes known about the regicide that was committed in Uglich, the culprit of which is called Boris Godunov. However, Shuisky himself is an indirect witness who found “fresh traces” at the crime scene. Old man Pimen is actually the only real eyewitness among the other characters who personally saw the slaughtered Tsarevich Dimitri.

The fact of the death of the prince is trivial for Shuisky, like any other murder related to politics, because at that time there was no such thing. Pimen's assessment has a completely different tone. The old man is convinced that the sin of the murderer falls on everyone, for “we have called the regicide our ruler.”

(V.R. Petrov, opera "Boris Godunov", photographer and artist K.A, Fisher)

The words of the wise old man are far from an ordinary moral assessment. Pimen really believes that responsibility for the crime of one person falls on all of them.

Pimen doesn’t even know yet about the consequences this event will bring, but the monk has a unique ability to foresee trouble, which makes him humble and merciful. He calls on his descendants to be humble. It is here that the symmetrically opposite difference from the “court” of the Holy Fool, who refused Godunov’s prayer, is manifested.

Pimen tries to explain to Grigory Otrepiev that even for people like kings, for whom life on earth seems to be going well, they cannot find their peace, and find it only in the schema. The story about Demetrius, in particular the mention that he was the same age as Gregory, provokes an idea that determines the further development of events. Pimen makes Gregory an impostor, and without any intention of doing so. As a result of this fundamental vicissitudes, the plot of the work is pulled into its dramaturgical knot.

In the scene you read, “Night. Cell in the Miracle Monastery,” the chronicler-monk Pimen is depicted. Describe him as a person and a chronicler. How does he feel about the historical events he describes and the duties of a chronicler? Give examples from the text.

Pushkin wrote that in the character of the chronicler Pimen he collected the traits that the ancient chronicles breathe: innocence, touching meekness, something childlike and at the same time wise, zeal, absence of vanity, passion.

The chronicler Pimen deliberately limited his life to his cell: disconnected from the bustle of the world, he sees what is unknown to the majority, for he judges in accordance with his conscience and moral laws. His goal as a chronicler is to tell his descendants the truth about the events that happened in his native land.

Someday, a hardworking monk will find my diligent, nameless work... He will rewrite the true stories, - May the descendants of the Orthodox of their native land know the past fate, their great kings are remembered for their labors, for glory, for good... How does Gregory perceive his mentor, his spiritual appearance and chronicle work? Is he right that Pimen calmly looks at the right and the guilty, listening to good and evil indifferently, knowing neither pity nor anger?

Grigory respects Pimen for his hard work, calmness, humility and majesty. He says that not a single thought is reflected on his brow, and makes the erroneous conclusion that the elder is indifferent to what he describes in his writings. After all, Pimen will be the first to speak about the grave sin of the Russian people, which contributed to the accession of Boris. His image shows conscientiousness, a heightened sense of personal responsibility for what is happening.

What does Pimen see as the dignity of power and ruler? What, from his point of view, does the well-known historical fact indicate that “Tsar John sought reassurance in the likeness of monastic labors”?

Rulers should be remembered for their work, for their glory, for their goodness, Pimen believes. The desire of Tsar John (Ivan IV the Terrible) to seek peace in faith, monastic labors, his appeal to the Lord testifies to his repentance, awareness of his sins, and the fact that the burden of power was becoming too heavy for him.

How does Pimen talk about the murder of Tsarevich Dimitri? Compare this story, its stylistic features, with the monologue “One more, last legend...” with the story about the kings. What characteristics does the chronicler give to the characters in this scene? How does this characterize Pimen himself as a historian-chronicler who is going to conclude his chronicle with “this lamentable tale”?

Impassivity leaves Pimen as he talks about the bloody crime, his story is emotional, full of evaluative comments: an evil deed, in despair, unconscious, fierce, pale with anger, a villain; figurative verbs - dragged, trembled, screamed. His narration style becomes conversational.

The “evil deed” he saw shocked the chronicler so much that since then he has delved little into worldly affairs and wants to step away from his work, transferring to others the right to describe human sins. Pimen’s attitude to what was told characterizes him as a citizen.

The dialogue between Pimen and Gregory contrasts the vain, worldly (feasts, battles, ambitious plans, etc.) and the divine, spiritual. What is the meaning of this contrast? Why does Pimen give preference to monastic life over fame, luxury and “female crafty love”?

Worldly life contains many temptations for a person. They excite the blood and force one to commit sinful acts. Monastic life humbles the spirit and the flesh, bestows inner harmony and tranquility. A person who is firm in faith comprehends the eternal and does not hold on to the momentary. Having experienced a lot in his life, Pimen retired from the bustle of the world to a monastery, where he found bliss and spends his days in work and piety.

Re-read Gregory's final remark. What is the meaning of his prophecy? Who do you think it belongs to more of - Gregory or the author of the tragedy?

Gregory says:

And you will not escape the judgment of the world, just as you will not escape the judgment of God.

Power given at the price of crime will lead the ruler to death - this is Pushkin’s thought, expressed in the words of Gregory.

What problems - historical and moral - are considered by Pushkin in the scene from the tragedy "Boris Godunov" you read? What significance do they have for our modern times?

When creating “Boris Godunov,” Pushkin relied on the book “History of the Russian State” by N. M. Karamzin. The poet highly appreciated the work of the historian, but he was protested by the convinced monarchism of the author of “History...”, who proclaimed that “the history of the people belongs to the sovereign.” This formulation reflected the historical and philosophical concept

Karamzin: power, stability - in a strong state; Statehood is the driving force of history. “The history of the people belongs to the people,” declared the Decembrist Nikita Muravyov. The dispute that arose was historical and philosophical, and not just political, and Pushkin entered into it. The tragedy "Boris Godunov" is about the role of the people in history and the nature of tyrannical power. Power given at the cost of crime cannot be used for good; it will not bring happiness to either the ruler or the people, and such a ruler will inevitably become a tyrant. Revealing the historical doom of the anti-people power, Pushkin simultaneously showed the deep inconsistency of the position of the people, combining strength and weakness. The people who choose a child killer are also doomed.

Pimen(writes in front of the lamp)

One more, last saying -
And my chronicle is finished,
The duty commanded by God has been fulfilled
Me, a sinner. No wonder many years
The Lord has made me a witness
And taught the art of books;
Someday the monk is hardworking
Will find my diligent, nameless work,

He will light his lamp, like me -
And, shaking off the dust of centuries from the charters,
He will rewrite true stories,
May the descendants of the Orthodox know
The native land has a past fate,
They commemorate their great kings
For their labors, for glory, for good -
And for sins, for dark deeds
They humbly implore the Savior.
In my old age I live again,
The past passes before me -
How long has it been full of events,
Worried like the ocean?
Now it is silent and calm,
My memory has preserved a few faces,
Few words reach me
And everything else perished irrevocably...
But the day is near, the lamp is burning out -
One more, final story. (Writes.)

"Boris Godunov". Engraving by S. Galaktionov

Gregory(wakes up)

Still the same dream! is it possible? the third time!
Damn dream!.. And everyone is in front of the lamp
The old man sits and writes - and dozes
He didn't close his eyes all night.

When, with my soul immersed in the past
He keeps his chronicle; and often
I wanted to guess what he was writing about?
Is it about the dark rule of the Tatars?
Is it about the fierce executions of John?
Is it about the stormy Novgorod meeting 2?
Is it about the glory of the fatherland? in vain.
Neither on the high brow, nor in the eyes
It is impossible to read his hidden thoughts;
Still the same humble, majestic appearance.
That's right, clerk 3, gray-haired in orders 4,
Calmly looks at the right and the guilty,
Listening indifferently to good and evil,
Knowing neither pity nor anger.

Pimen

Are you awake, brother?

Gregory

Bless me
Honest father.

Pimen

God Bless
You today, and forever, and forever.

Gregory


You wrote everything and didn’t forget about it,
And my peace is a demonic dream
I was worried, and the enemy was bothering me.
I dreamed that the stairs were steep
She led me to the tower; from high
I saw Moscow as an anthill;
Below, the people in the square were seething
And he pointed at me with a laugh,
And I felt ashamed and scared -
And, falling headlong, I woke up...
And three times I had the same dream.
Isn't it wonderful?

Pimen

Young blood plays;
Humble yourself by prayer and fasting 5,
And your dreams will be visions of light
Fulfilled. Until now - if I
Exhausted by involuntary slumber,
I won’t make a long prayer towards the night -
My old dream is not quiet and sinless,
I imagine noisy feasts,
Now the battle camp, now the battles,
Crazy fun of youth!

Gregory

How fun you spent your youth!
You fought under the towers of Kazan,
You reflected the army of Lithuania under Shuisky,
You have seen the court and luxury of John!
Happy! and I from adolescence
I wander around my cells, poor monk!
Why shouldn’t I have fun in battles?
Not to feast at the royal meal?
I wish I could, like you, in my old age
From the bustle, from the world, to put aside,
Make a vow of monasticism
And shut yourself up in a quiet monastery.

Pimen

Don’t complain, brother, that the sinful light is early
You left that there were few temptations
Sent to you by the Almighty. Believe me:
We are captivated from afar by glory, luxury
And women's crafty love.
I have lived a long time and enjoyed much;
But since then I have only known bliss,
How the Lord brought me to the monastery.
Think, son, about the great kings.
Who is taller than them? One God. Who dares
Against them? Nobody. So what? Often
The golden crown became heavy for them:
They exchanged it for a hood.
King John sought reassurance
In the likeness of monastic works.
His palace is full of proud favorites,
The monastery took on a new look:
Pomegranates in tafyas and hair shirts 6
The monks were obedient,
And the formidable king is a humble abbot.
I saw here - in this very cell
(The long-suffering Kirill then lived in it,
The husband is righteous. Then me too
God has vouchsafed to understand the insignificance
Worldly vanities), here I saw the king,
Tired of angry thoughts and executions.
The Terrible sat between us, thoughtful and quiet,
We stood motionless in front of him,
And he quietly had a conversation with us.
He spoke to the abbot 7 and the brothers:
“My fathers, the desired day will come,
I will appear here hungry for 8 salvation.
You, Nicodemus, you, Sergius, you, Kirill,
All of you - accept my spiritual vow 9:
I will come to you, damned criminal,
And here I will accept schema 10 honestly,
Falling at your feet, holy father."
Thus spoke the sovereign sovereign,
And sweet speech flowed from his lips,
And he cried. And we prayed in tears,
May the Lord send love and peace
His soul is suffering and stormy.
And his son Theodore? On the throne
He sighed for a peaceful life
Silent man. He is the royal palace
Converted it into a prayer cell;
There are heavy, sovereign sorrows
The holy souls did not outrage him.
God loved the king's humility,
And Rus' with him in serene glory
I was consoled - and at the hour of his death
Perform an unheard-of miracle on the moose:
To his bed, the only visible king,
The husband appeared unusually bright,
And Theodore began to talk with him
And call him a great patriarch.
And everyone around was filled with fear,
Having understood the heavenly vision,
Zane 11 the holy lord before the king
I was not in the temple at that time.
When he died, the chambers
Filled with holy fragrance,
And his face shone like the sun -
We will never see such a king.
O terrible, unprecedented grief!
We angered God and sinned:
Ruler for himself the regicide
We named it.

Gregory

For a long time, honest father,
I wanted to ask you about death
Dimitri Tsarevich; while
They say you were in Uglich.

Pimen

Oh, I remember!
God brought me to see an evil deed,
Bloody sin. Then I'm off to distant Uglich
Obedience was sent to a certain point;
I arrived at night. The next morning at the hour of mass
Suddenly I heard a ringing sound, the alarm sounded,
Scream, noise. They run to the queen's courtyard.
I rush there - and the whole city is already there.
I look: the prince lies slaughtered;
The Queen Mother is unconscious over him,
The nurse weeps in despair,
And here the people, frantic, drag
Godless traitorous mother...
Suddenly between them, fierce, pale with anger
Judas Bityagovsky appears.
“Here, here is the villain!” - there was a general cry.
And suddenly he was gone. There are people here
He rushed after the three fleeing murderers;
The hiding villains were captured
And they brought the baby before the warm corpse,
And a miracle - suddenly the dead man began to tremble.
"Repent!" - the people screamed at them:
And the villains are in horror under the ax
They repented and named Boris.

Gregory

How old was the prince who was killed?

Pimen

Yes, about seven years old; he would be now -
(Ten years have passed... no, more:
Twelve years old) - he would be your age
And he reigned; but God judged otherwise.
I conclude with this deplorable story
I am my chronicle; since then I have little
He delved into worldly affairs. Brother Gregory,
You enlightened your mind with literacy,
I pass on my work to you. In the hours
Free from spiritual exploits,
Describe without further ado,
All that you will witness in life:
War and peace, the rule of sovereigns,
Holy miracles for the saints,
Prophecies and signs of heaven -
And it’s time for me, it’s time to rest
And put out the lamp... But they call
For matins... bless, Lord,
Your slaves...give me a crutch, Gregory.
(Leaves.)

Gregory

Boris, Boris! Everything trembles before you,
No one dares to remind you
About the lot of the unfortunate baby, -
Meanwhile, the hermit in a dark cell
Here a terrible denunciation of you writes:
And you will not escape the judgment of the world,
How can you not escape God's judgment?

Questions and tasks

1. Pushkin emphasizes: “Pimen’s character is not my invention. In him I collected the features that captivated me in our old chronicles: simplicity, touching meekness, something childish and at the same time wise, zeal, one might say devout for the power of the king given to him by God, a complete absence of vanity, passions - breathe in these precious monuments times long past... It seemed to me that this character, all together, was new and familiar to the Russian heart.” How did the characters of Pimen and Gregory (the Pretender) manifest themselves in the scene “The Cell in the Miracle Monastery”?
2. What does Pimen remember about Grozny? What does the king call himself? Who does the narrator oppose to Ivan the Terrible?
3. Compare:

   Initial text

   How I love his humble face,
   And a quiet gaze and important humility
   (And an important look and quiet humility,
   And clear eyes and cool patience).

   Final text

   How I love his calm appearance,
   When, with my soul immersed in the past,
   He keeps his chronicle...

   Think about what the poet wanted to strengthen and clarify in the final edition.

   Why did the author prefer the words “calm appearance” to the epithets “humble”, “quiet”, “clear”?

4. Why does Pushkin turn to folklore and the history of Russia?

Enrich your speech

1. Prepare for a dramatized reading of this short passage. Think about what intonations are required for each of the characters. Find at the end of the textbook a story about how Pushkin read “Boris Godunov”.
2. Compile a small dictionary of words and phrases characteristic of Pimen’s speech, for example: “he sighed for a peaceful life,” “God loved humility,” “vow,” etc.
3. Many illustrations were created for the drama “Boris Godunov”. Among the authors are famous Russian artists V.I. Surikov, V.A. Favorsky, V.G. Perov and others. Look at the drawings for the scene you read in class. Is this how you imagined the heroes and the cell?

   The scene “In Pimen’s Cell” is especially interestingly presented by the artist S. Galaktionov. This illustration appeared in 1827, with the first publication of Boris Godunov. According to art historians, it conveys the greatness of the chronicler’s spirit and the significance of what he accomplished under the vaults of his cell. Do you agree with this judgment? Justify your answer.

   Prepare a short essay for the school newspaper “The works of A. S. Pushkin and illustrations for them in a textbook for 7th grade.”

1 The Charter is an ancient manuscript, document.
2 Veche - in Ancient Rus', a meeting of townspeople.
3 Clerk - in Ancient Rus', an official in charge of the affairs of an institution.
4 Order - an institution in the Moscow state of the 16th-17th centuries.
5 Fasting - according to church custom, prescription, refusal of meat and dairy foods.
6 Kromeshniks in tafyas and hair shirts - oprichniki (according to ancient concepts, sinners whose souls will be placed in hell after death) in yarmulkes (skullcaps) and coarse woolen clothes worn on their naked bodies.
7 Hegumen is the abbot of the monastery.
8 Hungering, to hunger is to desire greatly.
9 A vow is a solemn promise, an obligation.
10 Schema is a monastic rank that imposes the strictest rules.
11 Zane - because, since.

Literature lesson

Topic: Analysis of the tragedy of A.S. Pushkin "Boris Godunov".

The role of linguistic means in the depiction of the chronicler Pimen.

Lesson objectives:

Educational : deepening and practical application of knowledge of the artistic means of expressive language. The ability to determine the main idea of ​​a text.

Educational : to cultivate a patriotic attitude towards one’s homeland.

Developmental : introduce seventh graders to one of the musical genres, opera

Equipment: application of ICT. (Viewing and evaluating student projects)

During the classes.

"One last thing..."

In a narrow monastery cell,

In four blank walls

About the land about ancient Russian

The story was written down by a monk.

N.P. Konchalovskaya.

I,Preparation for the perception of new material.

With these words I want to begin work on the greatest artistic creation of A.S. Pushkin - the historical folk drama-tragedy “Boris Godunov”. It was created about the period of Russian history called the “Time of Troubles”.

Message from “historians” showing the presentation. Appendix No. 1

So we see that for 14 years Russia was ruled by 4 kings, several uprisings broke out, a civil war broke out, and intervention began from Poland and Sweden. Russia could lose its independence and cease to exist as an independent state.

And only thanks to the heroic efforts of the Russian people, the patriotic activities of Minin and Pozharsky, Russia managed to maintain statehood.

This topic has interested and still interests Russian society, starting with N.M. Karamzin, A.S. Pushkin, Favorsky, M. Mussorgsky, F. Chaliapin and other artists.

A message from “literary scholars” about N.M. Karamzin and his work “History of the Russian State” with a presentation showing. Appendix No. 2

“History of the Russian State” (first volumes) was published in 1818. At this time A.S. Pushkin graduated from the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum. Within a month, all the volumes were sold out in bookstores.

“Ancient Russia seemed to be found by Karamzin, like America by Columbus. They didn’t talk about anything else for a while,” wrote A.S. Pushkin.

Karamzin the historiographer focused on the events of the Time of Troubles, the beginning of the 17th century, writing volumes X, XI, devoting them to the reign of Boris Godunov

Continuation of the work of “literary scholars” with the presentation of the “Mikhailovskoye” presentation. Appendix No. 3.

Why, while studying the “History of the Russian State”, working in the book depositories of the Svyatogorsk Monastery, knowing about the events and persons of the Time of Troubles, did Pushkin need you s e l, was it necessary to create a work of art about the Time of Troubles?

In resolving this issue, lines from the poem by A.S. will again help us. Pushkin’s “Elegy” (1830):

...But I don’t want, O friends, to die;

I want to live so that I can think and suffer.

And I know, I will have pleasures.

Between sorrows, worries and worries:

Sometimes I’ll get drunk again with harmony,

Above fiction I'll shed tears...

Which word of interest to us in the lesson today was found in the poem? (Fiction)

Tell me, have you ever cried over a history textbook?

What about works of literature?

Why?

Why didn’t Pushkin write down the moral lessons of the drama-tragedy in the form of a memo - briefly, clearly, read, remember?

II. Working on the scene “Night. Cell in the Miracle Monastery."

Expressive reading-dramatization. (Monologue of Pimen and Gregory.)

What style does the text belong to? Why? What is characteristic of an artistic style? (Images)

What images did you see in the first monologues of Pimen and Gregory? (filling out the left side of the “Images” table)

Ideological level

What artistic means of expression does A.S. use? Pushkin to create the image of the chronicler Pimen?

Filling out the “Stylist Level” table.

Stylistic level.

Art style. The image of the chronicler Pimen.

At what period of his life is Pimen depicted?

What do we learn about Pimen from his first monologue? (Pimen writes a chronicle. And he defines this work as the fulfillment of a duty bequeathed by God.

The work commanded by God has been completed

Me, a sinner.

How does Gregory see Pimen?

Pimen - monk, chronicler. From a moral, righteous height, he surveys the rest of the characters, their actions, actions, and motives of behavior. Pay attention to the assessment that the chronicler gives (in dialogue with Gregory) to the three kings whom he knew personally. Which one? To whom?

(Ivan the Terrible

About Fyodor Ivanovich

About Boris Godunov

What, according to the chronicler Pimen, should be the attitude of the people towards the kings

What does Pimen teach the young monk, realizing that his “candle is burning out”?

Do you agree with Gregory's assessment of the monk chronicler?

FINAL QUESTION:

We fill out the left part of the table “Ideological-imaginative level”.

To the lesson epigraph: The great task of chroniclers is to leave the chronicle of the Orthodox people to Orthodox descendants.

III.Summing up the lesson.

No matter how cruel Russian history appears in the works of A. Pushkin. We must not forget the poet’s confession: “Although I am personally deeply attached to the sovereign, I am far from admiring everything that I see around me; As a writer, I am irritated, as a person with prejudices, I am offended, but I swear on my honor that for nothing in the world I would not want to change my fatherland or have a different history other than the history of our ancestors, such as God gave it to us.”

There are eternal concepts in life: duty, honor, conscience, love for the Motherland - patriotism. There are eternal images in literature, among them the chronicler Pimen. There are eternal works. Among them is the tragedy of A.S. Pushkin "Boris Godunov". This is a classic. They will live forever.

Modest Mussorgsky's opera "Boris Godunov" in four acts is being performed at the Bolshoi Theater in December.

Message showing the presentation of “art critics”. Presentation “Opera “Boris Godunov”. Appendix No. 4.

Listening to Pimen’s aria in MP3 “Scene in the cell of the Chudov Monastery.”

IV.Homework: write an essay about the chronicler Pimen on the topic “One more, last legend...”

Download:

Preview:

Municipal budgetary educational institution secondary school No. 8

Cities of Konakovo

Abstract

Open literature lesson in 7th grade

On the topic “The role of linguistic means in the depiction of the chronicler Pimen” (based on A.S. Pushkin’s tragedy “Boris Godunov”)

MBOU Secondary School No. 8, Konakovo

Kovalenko Inna Gennadievna.

2011.

City of Konakovo, Tver region, st. Energetikov, 38

Literature lesson

Topic: Analysis of the tragedy of A.S. Pushkin "Boris Godunov".

The role of linguistic means in the depiction of the chronicler Pimen.

Lesson objectives:

Educational: deepening and practical application of knowledge of the artistic means of expressive language. The ability to determine the main idea of ​​a text.

Educational : to cultivate a patriotic attitude towards one’s homeland.

Developmental : introduce seventh graders to one of the musical genres, opera

Equipment : application of ICT. (Viewing and evaluating student projects)

During the classes.

"One last thing..."

In a narrow monastery cell,

In four blank walls

About the land about ancient Russian

The story was written down by a monk.

N.P. Konchalovskaya.

I, Preparation for the perception of new material.

Teacher.

With these words I want to begin work on the greatest artistic creation of A.S. Pushkin - the historical folk drama-tragedy “Boris Godunov”. It was created about the period of Russian history called the “Time of Troubles”.

Message from “historians” showing the presentation. Appendix No. 1

Teacher.

So we see that for 14 years Russia was ruled by 4 kings, several uprisings broke out, a civil war broke out, and intervention began from Poland and Sweden. Russia could lose its independence and cease to exist as an independent state.

And only thanks to the heroic efforts of the Russian people, the patriotic activities of Minin and Pozharsky, Russia managed to maintain statehood.

This topic has interested and still interests Russian society, starting with N.M. Karamzin, A.S. Pushkin, Favorsky, M. Mussorgsky, F. Chaliapin and other artists.

A message from “literary scholars” about N.M. Karamzin and his work “History of the Russian State” with a presentation showing. Appendix No. 2

Teacher.

“History of the Russian State” (first volumes) was published in 1818. At this time A.S. Pushkin graduated from the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum. Within a month, all the volumes were sold out in bookstores.

“Ancient Russia seemed to be found by Karamzin, like America by Columbus. They didn’t talk about anything else for a while,” wrote A.S. Pushkin.

Karamzin the historiographer focused on the events of the Time of Troubles, the beginning of the 17th century, writing volumes X, XI, devoting them to the reign of Boris Godunov

Continuation of the work of “literary scholars” with the presentation of the “Mikhailovskoye” presentation. Appendix No. 3.

Teacher.

Why, studying the “History of the Russian State”, working in the book depositories of the Svyatogorsk Monastery, knowingHISTORICAL RIGHTabout the events and persons of the Time of Troubles, Pushkin needed you s e l , was it necessary to create a work of art about the Time of Troubles?

In resolving this issue, lines from the poem by A.S. will again help us. Pushkin’s “Elegy” (1830):

...But I don’t want, O friends, to die;

I want to live so that I can think and suffer.

And I know, I will have pleasures.

Between sorrows, worries and worries:

Sometimes I’ll get drunk again with harmony,

Above fiction I'll shed tears...

Which word of interest to us in the lesson today was found in the poem?(Fiction)

Tell me, have you ever cried over a history textbook?

What about works of literature?(Yes, Mumu, Marusya from “Children of the Dungeon”)

Why? (because works of literature affect not only our minds, but also our feelings, they force us to experience what is happening to them together with the characters, to learn something.)

But why should we learn from participants in the events of the 16th century? What do we, people of the 21st century, have to do with them?(Each person is connected with history, lives in it, which means that the experience of another person who had to be in the thick of things is also interesting to us).

Why didn’t Pushkin write down the moral lessons of the drama-tragedy in the form of a memo - briefly, clearly, read, remember?(Only by experiencing their misadventures and joys with the heroes can we become imbued with the need to learn these lessons.)

II. Working on the scene “Night. Cell in the Miracle Monastery."

Expressive reading-dramatization. (Monologue of Pimen and Gregory.)

Teacher.

What style does the text belong to? Why? What is characteristic of an artistic style?(Images)

What images did you see in the first monologues of Pimen and Gregory? (filling out the left side of the “Images” table)

Ideological level

What artistic means of expression does A.S. use? Pushkin to create the image of the chronicler Pimen?

Filling out the “Stylist Level” table.

Stylistic level.

Art style. The image of the chronicler Pimen.

At what period of his life is Pimen depicted?(During the period when it is time for him to “rest”, “put out the candle,” he feels the proximity of his own death, i.e., he realizes his imminent appearance before the Almighty. This gives his speeches special persuasiveness.)

What did Pimen go through before he found true values? (Having experienced the crazy fun of his youth, battles, noisy feasts, luxury and a woman’s crafty love, Pimen finds true values ​​in serving God.)

What do we learn about Pimen from his first monologue? (Pimen writes a chronicle. And he defines this work as the fulfillment of a duty bequeathed by God.

The work commanded by God has been completed

Me, a sinner.

How does Gregory see Pimen?(“How I love his calm appearance, // When, with his soul immersed in the past, // He writes his chronicle.” On his high brow... it is impossible to read hidden thoughts, his appearance is humble, majestic; he looks calmly. These definitions expressed Pushkin’s desire reflect the typical, beloved properties of Russian chronicler poets. The humble, majestic appearance of the righteous, the monk is also captured on the icons, in the appearance of the saints there is sternness, concentration, spiritual enlightenment “He calmly looks at the right and the guilty”).

Pimen - monk, chronicler. From a moral, righteous height, he surveys the rest of the characters, their actions, actions, and motives of behavior. Pay attention to the assessment that the chronicler gives (in dialogue with Gregory) to the three kings whom he knew personally. Which one? To whom?

(To Ivan the Terrible . Despite the fact that Ivan the Terrible has many cruel crimes on his record, Pimen appreciates in him the desire for church repentance for what he has done and with obvious sympathy and compassion perceives the mood of the “formidable king”, tired of angry thoughts and executions, dreaming of accepting the schema and humble prayers at the monastery.

“And sweet speech flowed from his lips...”

About Fyodor Ivanovich. Tsar Fyodor Ivanovich, the eldest son of Ivan the Terrible, evokes a special warm feeling in Pimen with his humility (one of the main Christian virtues), spiritual holiness, and passion for prayer. For this, the Lord, according to the chronicler, loved both the humble autocrat and Holy Rus'. “And with him, Rus' was in serene glory // Comforted...” The death of Fyodor Ivanovich is depicted as the death of a saint.

About Boris Godunov. The monk-chronicler's intonation suddenly changes sharply when he talks about the current king. His speech becomes both mournful and accusatory. The sentence of the earthly court is combined with the heavenly one. This is a sentence to the villain, the regicide, and to the people responsible for the accession of the criminal: “O terrible, unprecedented grief! // We angered God, we sinned // We called the regicide Master for ourselves.”)

What, according to the chronicler Pimen, should be the attitude of the people towards the kings? (For labors, for glory, for goodness - remembrance; for sins, for dark deeds - a prayer to the Savior for the admonition of the king.

What does Pimen teach the young monk, realizing that his “candle is burning out”?(Symbol: a burnt out candle is the end of life.” Without further ado, don’t be self-willed, don’t bring your personal will into what is being described. “Everything that you will witness in life: // War and peace, the rule of sovereigns, // Holy miracles of the saints... ")

Do you agree with Gregory's assessment of the monk chronicler?(Grigory Otrepiev was mistaken that Pimen, working on the chronicle, “calmly looks at the right and the guilty, listening to good and evil indifferently, knowing neither pity nor anger.” The chronicler, as a citizen of his fatherland, a true patriot, is not indifferent to the fate of the country.

FINAL QUESTION:

What is the purpose of the Pimen Chronicle? What does the chronicler see as his purpose?

(Tell descendants the truth of history.

Yes (let) the descendants of the Orthodox know

Native land past fate).

We fill out the left part of the table “Ideological-imaginative level”.

To the lesson epigraph:The great task of chroniclers is to leave the chronicle of the Orthodox people to Orthodox descendants.

III. Summing up the lesson.

No matter how cruel Russian history appears in the works of A. Pushkin. We must not forget the poet’s confession: “Although I am personally deeply attached to the sovereign, I am far from admiring everything that I see around me; As a writer, I am irritated, as a person with prejudices, I am offended, but I swear on my honor that for nothing in the world I would not want to change my fatherland or have a different history other than the history of our ancestors, such as God gave it to us.”

There are eternal concepts in life: duty, honor, conscience, love for the Motherland - patriotism. There are eternal images in literature, among them the chronicler Pimen. There are eternal works. Among them is the tragedy of A.S. Pushkin "Boris Godunov". This is a classic. They will live forever.

Modest Mussorgsky's opera "Boris Godunov" in four acts is being performed at the Bolshoi Theater in December.

A message showing a presentation by “art critics”. Presentation “Opera “Boris Godunov”. Appendix No. 4.

Listening to Pimen’s aria in MP3 “Scene in the cell of the Chudov Monastery.”

IV.Homework: write an essay about the chronicler Pimen on the topic “One more, last legend...”

Slide captions:

Boris Godunov. Boris Fedorovich Godunov (1551 - 1605) - Tsar of Russia from 1598 to 1605, boyar. Boris Godunov was born in Moscow in 1551. He married, became a boyar in 1580, and gradually took an important position among the nobility. After the death of Ivan the Terrible in 1584, together with Belsky, he announced the death of the sovereign to the people. When Fyodor Ivanovich became the new tsar, an important role in the council was taken in the biography of Boris Godunov. Since 1587, he was the de facto ruler, since Tsar Fedor himself could not rule the country. Thanks to the activities of Godunov, the first patriarch was elected, a water supply system was built in Moscow, active construction began, and serfdom was established. After the death of the heir Dmitry and Tsar Fedor, the dynasty of Rurik rulers ended. And on February 17, 1598, a very important event took place in the biography of Boris Godunov. At the Zemsky Sobor he was elected king. However, a terrible famine and crisis in the country in 1601-1602 shook the king’s popularity. Soon riots began among the people. Then, if we consider Godunov’s brief biography, there followed the defeat of the small army of False Dmitry. Godunov's health gradually deteriorated, and on April 13, 1605, the tsar died.

Ivan the Terrible Ivan the Terrible (1530 -1584) - Grand Duke, Tsar of All Rus'. In January 1547, in the biography of Ivan the Terrible, a wedding ceremony took place, in which he accepted the royal title. Ivan the Terrible was a cruel ruler. After the Moscow uprising of 1547, the internal politics of Grozny, the country was governed with the help of the Elected Rada. In 1549, he, together with the Boyar Duma, introduced a new collection of laws - the Code of Laws. In it, Grozny’s policy regarding the peasants was that communities were given the right of self-government, establishing order, and distributing taxes.. As for Grozny’s foreign policy, he had to fight with the new Kazan khan Safa-Girey, 3 campaigns were undertaken.. For obedience Astrakhan kingdom, 2 campaigns were made. In addition, Ivan the Terrible's foreign policy was based on wars with the Crimean Khanate, Sweden, and Livonia.

False Dmitry I. False Dmitry I - Tsar of Moscow in 1605 - 1606. In June 1605, the impostor's motley army entered Moscow without hindrance. But the townspeople wanted to make sure that this was the real Tsarevich Dmitry, and demanded a meeting between Maria Naga and her son. False Dmitry deftly played out the scene of his meeting with his mother in front of a crowd of thousands. The frightened widow of Ivan the Terrible was confused - this was enough for those present to believe in the truth > . False Dmitry was proclaimed king. At first, the new tsar tried to flirt with the people, personally listened to all complaints and requests, abolished executions, and began a fight against extortions and bribes. But he forgot his main promise - to give complete freedom to the peasants. The young tsar did not take into account Russian customs and traditions: he wore Polish dress, walked the streets of Moscow without an entourage, did not pray before dinner, and after dinner did not wash his hands and did not sleep. The cup of patience was filled with the wedding of False Dmitry with the daughter of the Polish governor Marina Mnishek. The Poles invited to the wedding behaved defiantly: they entered the church without taking off their hats, laughed and talked loudly; residents were beaten and robbed.

“The role of linguistic means in the depiction of the chronicler Pimen”

(based on the tragedy by A.S. Pushkin “Boris Godunov”)

Drama-tragedy A.S. Pushkin “Boris Godunov is not studied in depth in the school curriculum. I believe that it contains a wealth of material for the implementation of many tasks facing a literature teacher. This is work on the concepts of “historical truth” and “artistic fiction”, work on the language of the work, and most importantly, on the means of creating images.

By analyzing the “Scene in the Miracle Monastery”, working on the image of Pimen, it is very possible to show the role of lexical and syntactic means in the depiction of the main characters of this passage. 7th grade students are already familiar with the methodology of working on the images of heroes and, at a stylistic level, cope with this work independently. And this point in this lesson was done well.

I consider the decision to include Pimen’s aria from M. Mussorgsky’s opera “Boris Godunov” in the final part of the lesson a good moment. It was the final chord in understanding the role and significance of the image of the chronicler Pimen in the tragedy.

The work of the group of “art critics” and their presentation “The Opera “Boris Godunov”” was also successful in this lesson. The connection of the literature lesson with the lessons of World artistic culture is simply necessary.

I consider the weak link in the lesson to be the work of the group of “historians”. Although the historical excursion was quite on topic (the merit of the students), the form of its presentation could have been different (the teacher’s omission). Here, a comparative analysis of the images of historical figures taken from history textbooks and artistic images of the works of A.S. Pushkin would be possible and more justified.

When preparing for this lesson, I placed great emphasis on the educational aspect associated with the feeling of patriotism. Therefore, the emphasis of the entire lesson was on Pimen’s activities: “Yes (let) the descendants of the Orthodox of their native land know their past fate.” And also on the attitude of A.S. Pushkin to the history of his country. I think the guys will forever remember the writer’s words that one can disagree with the autocrat’s policies, but one’s attitude towards the Motherland must be sacred.

The students received a homework assignment to write an essay about the chronicler Pimen. Checking the work, I realized that I had achieved the goal set before the lesson. The works expressed thoughts about the need for a deeper study of Russian history, about the desire to re-read the entire tragedy of A.S. Pushkin to the end independently. The children were also fascinated by their independence in choosing a topic to speak in class.

Teacher of Russian language and literature

MBOU Secondary School No. 8, Konakovo Kovalenko I.G.

1. In the scene you read “Night. Cell in the Miracle Monastery" depicts the chronicler-monk Pimen. Describe him as a person and a chronicler. How does he feel about the historical events he describes and the duties of a chronicler? Give examples from the text.

Pushkin wrote that in the character of the chronicler Pimen, he collected the traits that the ancient chronicles breathe: innocence, touching meekness, something childlike and at the same time wise, diligence, lack of vanity, passion.

The chronicler Pimen deliberately limited his life to his cell: disconnected from the bustle of the world, he sees what is unknown to the majority, for he judges in accordance with his conscience, with moral laws. His goal as a chronicler is to tell his descendants the truth about the events that happened in his native land.

Someday, a hardworking monk will find my diligent, nameless work... He will rewrite the true stories, - May the descendants of the Orthodox of their native land know the past fate, remember their great kings for their labors, for glory, for good...

2. How does Gregory perceive his mentor, his spiritual appearance and chronicle work? Is he right that Pimen calmly looks at the right and the guilty, listening to good and evil indifferently, knowing neither pity nor anger?

Grigory respects Pimen for his hard work, calmness, humility and majesty. He says that not a single thought is reflected on his forehead, and makes the erroneous conclusion that the elder is indifferent to what he describes in his writings. After all, Pimen will be the first to speak about the grave sin of the Russian people, which contributed to the accession of Boris. His image shows conscientiousness, a heightened sense of personal responsibility for what is happening.

3. What does Pimen see as the dignity of power and ruler? What, from his point of view, does the well-known historical fact say that “Tsar John sought peace in the likeness of monastic labors”?

Rulers should be remembered for their work, for their glory, for their goodness, Pimen believes. The desire of Tsar John (Ivan IV the Terrible) to seek peace in faith, monastic works, his appeal to the Lord testifies to his repentance, the awareness of his sins, that the burden of power was becoming too heavy for him.

4. How does Pimen talk about the murder of Tsarevich Dimitri? Compare this story, its stylistic features, with the monologue “One more, last legend...” with the story about the kings. What characteristics does the chronicler give to the characters in this scene? How does this characterize Pi-man himself as a historian-chronicler who is going to conclude his chronicle with “this lamentable tale”?

Impassivity leaves Pimen as he talks about the bloody crime, his story is emotional, full of evaluative comments: an evil deed, in despair, unconscious, ferocious, pale with anger, a villain; figurative verbs - dragging, trembling, screaming. His narration style becomes conversational.

The “evil deed” he saw shocked the chronicler so much that since then he has delved little into worldly affairs and wants to step away from his work, transferring to others the right to describe human sins. Pimen’s attitude towards what is being told characterizes him as a citizen.

5. The dialogue between Pimen and Gregory contrasts the vain, worldly (feasts, battles, ambitious plans, etc.) and the divine, spiritual. What is the meaning of this contrast? Why does Pimen give priority to monastic life over fame, luxury and “a woman’s crafty love”?

Worldly life contains many temptations for a person. They excite the blood and force one to commit sinful acts. Monastic life humbles the spirit and the flesh, bestows inner harmony and tranquility. A person who is firm in faith comprehends the eternal and does not hold on to the momentary. Having experienced a lot in his life, Pimen retired from the bustle of the world to a monastery, where he found bliss and spends his days in work and piety.

6. Re-read Gregory's final remark. What is the meaning of his prophecy? Who do you think it belongs to more of - Gregory or the author of the tragedy?

Gregory says:

And you will not escape the judgment of the world, Just as you will not escape the judgment of God.

Power given at the price of crime will lead the ruler to death - this is Pushkin’s thought, expressed in the words of Gregory. Material from the site

7. What problems - historical and moral - are considered by Pushkin in the scene from the tragedy “Boris Godunov” that you read? What significance do they have for our modern times?

When creating “Boris Godunov,” Pushkin relied on the book “History of the Russian State” by N. M. Karamzin. The poet highly appreciated the work of the historian, but he was protested by the convinced monarchism of the author of “History...”, who proclaimed that “the history of the people belongs to the sovereign.” This formulation reflected the historical and philosophical concept

Karamzin: power, stability - in a strong state; Statehood is the driving force of history. “The history of the people belongs to the people,” declared the Decembrist Nikita Muravyov. The dispute that arose was historical and philosophical, and not simply political, and Pushkin entered into it. The tragedy “Boris Godunov” is about the role of the people in history and the nature of tyrannical power. Power given at the cost of crime cannot be used for good; it will not bring happiness to either the ruler or the people, and such a ruler will inevitably become a tyrant. Revealing the historical doom of the anti-people power, Pushkin simultaneously showed the deep contradiction of the position of the people, combining strength and weakness. The people who choose a child killer are also doomed.

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On this page there is material on the following topics:

• historical theme in the tragedy Boris Godunov
• chronicler Pimen from Pushkin's tragedy
• answers to questions Boris Godunov
• essay on how Pimen will appear to Gregory
• Questions about the tragedy "Boris Godunov"