Literary terms. A brief dictionary of basic literary concepts and terms III. Knowledge of literary theory

School tour,

I knowledge of literary texts

1. Who says this? Indicate the hero and the title of the work.

1) “Eh, falcon, don’t bother,” he said with the tender melodious caress with which old Russian women speak. - Don’t worry, my friend: endure for an hour, but live for a century! That's it, my dear, And we live here, thank God, there is no offense. There are also good and bad people.

2) Of course, maybe you are right. (Sighs.) But, of course, if you look at it from the point of view, then you, if I may put it this way, excuse the frankness, have completely brought me into a state of mind. I know my fortune, every day some misfortune happens to me, and I have long been accustomed to this, so I look at my fate with a smile.

3) What do you think, Anton Antonovich, are sins? Sins are different from sins. I say openly that I take bribes, but what are bribes for? greyhound puppies. This is a completely different matter.

2. Based on the initial and last lines of the poem, remember its author.

1) There is in the initial autumn

<…>

To a resting field.

2) I am the last poet of the village...

<…>

They will wheeze my twelfth hour!

3) In the middle of a noisy ball, by chance...

<…>

But it seems to me that I love it!

Pharmacy, street, lamp.

3. Which poet are these lines dedicated to? Who is their author?

In my singing city the domes are burning,

And the wandering blind man glorifies the bright salvation,

I give you my bell hail,

And your heart to boot!

4. Correlate the heroes of Turgenev’s novel with their social status.

A) "Emancipe".

B) Russian aristocrat

B) regimental doctor

D) Baric student

D) Democratic student.

5. To which of the Russian poets of the early 20th century did the lines belong?

Oh, I want to live crazy:

All that exists is to perpetuate,

impersonal - humanize,

make the unfulfilled come true!

II. Knowledge of literary history

1. After the October Revolution of 1917, many writers left Russia. The reasons that forced Ivan Alekseevich Bunin to leave his homeland were reflected in the diary published in exile. What name did it have?

2. About which of his poems did he say: “Four cries of four parts”?

3. About what story of his did A. And Kuprin write: “... I have never written anything more chaste.”

III. Knowledge of literary theory

Using the definition below, determine what literary concept we are talking about.

1)… - one of the tropes, a type of metonymy, transferring the meaning of one word to another based on the replacement of quantitative relations: part instead of the whole (“A lonely sail is white” - instead of a boat there is a sail); singular instead of plural (“And the slave blessed fate” - “Eugene Onegin” by A. S. Pushkin; “But old age walks cautiously / And looks suspiciously.” - “Poltava”, canto 1; “From here we will threaten the Swede” - , "Bronze Horseman"); the whole is taken instead of the part (“They buried him in the globe, / But he was only a soldier” - S. Orlov).

2)… - a fictional picture of an ideal life arrangement. The term is associated with the title of a work by the English writer Tomsa Mora (), who, criticizing the exploitative society in his work, painted a world where everyone works and is happy. His follower is the great Italian humanist T. Campanella. (“City of the Sun”), English socialist writer W. Morris (“News from Nowhere”) and others.

2. Determine the size of the poem:

And the proud Demon will not lag behind,

As long as I live, from me,

And my mind will not illuminate

A ray of wonderful fire.

Shows an image of perfection

And suddenly it will be taken away forever.

And giving a premonition of bliss,

Will never give me happiness.

3. Identify the artistic means of expression used by the poet to create the image:

1) Dawn with a hand of coolness exactly

Knocks down the apples of dawn.

2) Xin alternately dozes and sighs.

3) A girl’s laughter will ring like earrings.

4) There is a ringing furrow in the false waters

5) The poplars are withering loudly

IV. Analysis of an epic work.

Chapel.

A hot summer day, in a field, behind the garden of an old manor, a long-abandoned cemetery - mounds of tall flowers and herbs and a lonely, all wildly overgrown with flowers and herbs, nettles and tartar, a crumbling brick chapel. Children from the estate, squatting under the chapel, looking with keen eyes into the narrow and long broken window at ground level. You can’t see anything there, it’s just cold air blowing from there. Everywhere it is light and hot, but there it is dark and cold: there, in iron boxes, lie some grandfathers and grandmothers and some other uncle who shot himself. All this is very interesting and surprising: we have the sun, flowers, grass, flies, bumblebees, butterflies, we can play, run, we are scared, but it’s also fun to squat, and they always lie there in the dark, like at night, in thick and cold iron boxes; Grandfathers and grandmothers are all old, and uncle is still young...

Why did he shoot himself?

He was very in love, and when you are very in love, you always shoot yourself...

In the blue sea of ​​the sky there are islands here and there of beautiful white clouds, a warm wind from the field carries the sweet smell of blooming rye. And the hotter and more joyful the sun bakes, the colder it blows from the darkness, from the window.

Answers to questions from the Literature Olympiad,

I.Knowledge of literary texts

1. 1)Platon Karataev, “War and Peace”. 2) Epikhodov “The Cherry Orchard”. 3) Ammos Fedorovich Lyapkin - Tyapkin, “The Inspector General”.

Grade: For the hero – 0.5 points; for the name 0.5 points.

2. 1) . 2) . 3) . 4) .

Grade: 0.5 points each.

Score 0.2 points

4. A) “Emancipe” - Jug. B) Russian aristocrat - P. P Kirsanov. B) Regimental doctor. D) Student - barich - A. Kirsanov. D) Student – ​​democrat E. Bazarov.

Rating: 1 point each.

5. A. A Blok.

Grade: 1 point

II. Knowledge of literary history

1. “Cursed days”

2. "Cloud in Pants"

3. “Garnet bracelet.”

Grade: 2 points each

III.Knowledge of literary theory

1. 1) Synecdoche. 2) Utopia.

Score: 2 points each

Grade: 2 points

3. 1) Personification. 2)Metaphor. 3) Comparison (metaphorical). 4) Epithet. 5) Sound recording.

Grade: 1 point each.

IV. Analysis of the epic work.

Grade: up to 30 points.

TOTAL POINTS: 60

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Writing, as mentioned in this article, is an interesting creative process with its own characteristics, tricks and subtleties. And one of the most effective ways to highlight a text from the general mass, giving it uniqueness, unusualness and the ability to arouse genuine interest and the desire to read it in full are literary writing techniques. They have been used at all times. First, directly by poets, thinkers, writers, authors of novels, stories and other works of art. Nowadays, they are actively used by marketers, journalists, copywriters, and indeed all those people who from time to time need to write bright and memorable text. But with the help of literary techniques, you can not only decorate the text, but also give the reader the opportunity to more accurately feel what exactly the author wanted to convey, to look at things from a perspective.

It doesn’t matter whether you write texts professionally, are taking your first steps in writing, or creating a good text just appears on your list of responsibilities from time to time, in any case, it is necessary and important to know what literary techniques a writer has. The ability to use them is a very useful skill that can be useful to everyone, not only in writing texts, but also in ordinary speech.

We invite you to familiarize yourself with the most common and effective literary techniques. Each of them will be provided with a vivid example for a more precise understanding.

Literary devices

Aphorism

• “To flatter is to tell a person exactly what he thinks about himself” (Dale Carnegie)
• “Immortality costs us our lives” (Ramon de Campoamor)
• “Optimism is the religion of revolutions” (Jean Banville)

Irony

Irony is a mockery in which the true meaning is contrasted with the real meaning. This creates the impression that the subject of the conversation is not what it seems at first glance.

• A phrase said to a slacker: “Yes, I see you are working tirelessly today.”
• A phrase said about rainy weather: “The weather is whispering”
• A phrase said to a man in a business suit: “Hey, are you going for a run?”

Epithet

An epithet is a word that defines an object or action and at the same time emphasizes its peculiarity. Using an epithet, you can give an expression or phrase a new shade, make it more colorful and bright.

• Proud warrior, be steadfast
• Suit fantastic colors
• beauty girl unprecedented

Metaphor

A metaphor is an expression or word based on the comparison of one object with another based on their common feature, but used in a figurative sense.

• Nerves of steel
• The rain is drumming
• Eyes on my forehead

Comparison

A comparison is a figurative expression that connects different objects or phenomena with the help of some common features.

• Evgeny went blind for a minute from the bright light of the sun as if mole
• My friend's voice reminded creak rusty door loops
• The mare was frisky How flaming fire bonfire

Allusion

An allusion is a special figure of speech that contains an indication or hint of another fact: political, mythological, historical, literary, etc.

• You are truly a great schemer (reference to the novel by I. Ilf and E. Petrov “The Twelve Chairs”)
• They made the same impression on these people as the Spaniards made on the Indians of South America (a reference to the historical fact of the conquest of South America by the conquistadors)
• Our trip could be called “The Incredible Travels of Russians in Europe” (a reference to the film by E. Ryazanov “The Incredible Adventures of Italians in Russia”)

Repeat

Repetition is a word or phrase that is repeated several times in one sentence, giving additional semantic and emotional expressiveness.

• Poor, poor little boy!
• Scary, how scared she was!
• Go, my friend, go ahead boldly! Go boldly, don’t be timid!

Personification

Personification is an expression or word used in a figurative sense, through which the properties of animate ones are attributed to inanimate objects.

• Snowstorm howls
• Finance sing romances
• Freezing painted windows with patterns

Parallel designs

Parallel constructions are voluminous sentences that allow the reader to create an associative connection between two or three objects.

• “The waves splash in the blue sea, the stars sparkle in the blue sea” (A.S. Pushkin)
• “A diamond is polished by a diamond, a line is dictated by a line” (S.A. Podelkov)
• “What is he looking for in a distant country? What did he throw in his native land? (M.Yu. Lermontov)

Pun

A pun is a special literary device in which, in the same context, different meanings of the same word (phrases, phrases) that are similar in sound are used.

• The parrot says to the parrot: “Parrot, I’ll scare you”
• It was raining and my father and I
• “Gold is valued by its weight, but by pranks - by the rake” (D.D. Minaev)

Contamination

Contamination is the creation of one new word by combining two others.

• Pizzaboy - pizza delivery man (Pizza (pizza) + Boy (boy))
• Pivoner – beer lover (Beer + Pioneer)
• Batmobile – Batman's car (Batman + Car)

Streamlines

Streamlined expressions are phrases that do not express anything specific and hide the author’s personal attitude, veil the meaning or make it difficult to understand.

• We will change the world for the better
• Acceptable losses
• It's neither good nor bad

Gradations

Gradations are a way of constructing sentences in such a way that homogeneous words in them increase or decrease their semantic meaning and emotional coloring.

• “Higher, faster, stronger” (Yu. Caesar)
• Drop, drop, rain, downpour, it’s pouring like a bucket
• “He was worried, worried, going crazy” (F.M. Dostoevsky)

Antithesis

Antithesis is a figure of speech that uses rhetorical opposition between images, states, or concepts that are interconnected by a common semantic meaning.

• “Now an academician, now a hero, now a navigator, now a carpenter” (A.S. Pushkin)
• “He who was nobody will become everything” (I.A. Akhmetyev)
• “Where there was a table of food, there is a coffin” (G.R. Derzhavin)

Oxymoron

An oxymoron is a stylistic figure that is considered a stylistic error - it combines incompatible (opposite in meaning) words.

• Living Dead
• Hot Ice
• Beginning of the End

So, what do we see in the end? The number of literary devices is amazing. In addition to those we have listed, we can also name parcellation, inversion, ellipsis, epiphora, hyperbole, litotes, periphrasis, synecdoche, metonymy and others. And it is this diversity that allows anyone to apply these techniques everywhere. As already mentioned, the “sphere” of application of literary techniques is not only writing, but also oral speech. Supplemented with epithets, aphorisms, antitheses, gradations and other techniques, it will become much brighter and more expressive, which is very useful in mastering and development. However, we must not forget that the abuse of literary techniques can make your text or speech pompous and not as beautiful as you would like. Therefore, you should be restrained and careful when using these techniques so that the presentation of information is concise and smooth.

For a more complete assimilation of the material, we recommend that you, firstly, familiarize yourself with our lesson on, and secondly, pay attention to the manner of writing or speech of outstanding personalities. There are a huge number of examples: from ancient Greek philosophers and poets to the great writers and rhetoricians of our time.

We will be very grateful if you take the initiative and write in the comments about what other literary techniques of writers you know, but which we have not mentioned.

We would also like to know if reading this material was useful for you?

Autobiography(gr. autos - myself, bios - life, grapho - writing) - a literary prose genre, a description by the author of his own life. A literary autobiography is an attempt to return to one’s own childhood and youth, to resurrect and comprehend the most significant periods of life and life as a single whole.

Allegory(Gr. allegoria - allegory) - an allegorical image of an object, phenomenon in order to most clearly show its essential features.

Amphibrachium(Gr. amphi - around, brachys - short) - three-syllable verse with emphasis on the second syllable (- / -).

Analysis of a work in literary criticism(gr. analysis - decomposition, dismemberment) - research reading of a literary text.

Anapaest(gr. anapaistos - reflected back, reverse dactyl) - three-syllable meter of verse with stress on the third syllable (- - /).

annotation- a brief summary of a book, manuscript, article.

Antithesis(gr. antithesis - opposition) - opposition of images, pictures, words, concepts.

Archaism(Greek archaios - ancient) - an obsolete word or phrase, grammatical or syntactic form.

Aphorism(gr. aphorismos - saying) - a generalized deep thought expressed in a laconic, brief, artistically sharpened form. An aphorism is akin to a proverb, but unlike it, it belongs to a specific person (writer, scientist, etc.).

Ballad(Provence ballar - to dance) - a poem, which is most often based on a historical event, a legend with a sharp, intense plot.

Fable- a short moralizing poetic or prose story that contains allegory and allegory. The characters in the fable are most often animals, plants, things in which human qualities and relationships are manifested and guessed. (Fables of Aesop, Lafontaine, A. Sumarokov, I. Dmitriev, I. Krylov, parodic fables of Kozma Prutkov, S. Mikhalkov, etc.)

Best-seller(English best - the best and sell - to be sold) - a book that has a particular commercial success and is in demand among readers.

"Poet's Library"- a series of books dedicated to the work of major poets, individual poetic genres (“Russian ballad”, “Russian epics”, etc.). Founded by M. Gorky in 1931.

Bible(Gr. biblia - lit.: “books”) - a collection of ancient texts of religious content.

Bylina- a genre of Russian folklore, a heroic-patriotic song about heroes and historical events.

Screamers(mourners) - performers of lamentations (I. Fedosova, M. Kryukova, etc.).

Hero of a literary work, literary hero- an actor, a character in a literary work.

Hyperbola(gr. huperbole - exaggeration) - excessive exaggeration of the properties of the depicted object. It is introduced into the fabric of the work for greater expressiveness; it is characteristic of folklore and the genre of satire (N. Gogol, M. Saltykov-Shchedrin, V. Mayakovsky).

Grotesque(French grotesque, urn. grottesco - whimsical, from grotta - grotto) - an extreme exaggeration based on fantasy, on a bizarre combination of the fantastic and the real.

Dactyl(Greek dactylos - finger) - three-syllable verse with stress on the first syllable (/ - -).

Two-syllable sizes- iambic (/ -), trochee (- /).

Detail(French detail - detail) - expressive detail in a work. The detail helps the reader, the viewer to more acutely and deeply imagine the time, place of action, the appearance of the character, the nature of his thoughts, to feel and understand the author’s attitude towards the depicted.

Dialogue(gr. dialogos - conversation, conversation) - a conversation between two or more persons. Dialogue is the main form of revealing human characters in dramatic works (plays, film scripts).

Genre(French genre - genus, type) - a type of work of art, for example a fable, a lyric poem, a story.

The beginning- an event that marks the beginning of the development of action in epic and dramatic works.

Idea(gr. idea - idea) - the main idea of ​​a work of art.

Inversion(Latin inversio - rearrangement) - unusual word order. Inversion gives the phrase special expressiveness.

Interpretation(Latin interpretatio - explanation) - interpretation of a literary work, comprehension of its meaning, ideas.

Intonation(lat. intonare - pronounce loudly) - an expressive means of sounding speech. Intonation makes it possible to convey the speaker’s attitude to what he is saying.

Irony(gr. eironeia - pretense, mockery) - an expression of ridicule.

Composition(Latin compositio - composition, connection) - arrangement of parts, i.e. construction of a work.

Winged words- widely used apt words, figurative expressions, famous sayings of historical figures.

Climax(Latin culmen (culminis) - peak) - the moment of highest tension in a work of art.

A culture of speech- level of speech development, degree of proficiency in language norms.

Legend(Latin legenda - lit.: “what should be read”) - a work created by folk fantasy, which combines the real and the fantastic.

Chronicle- monuments of historical prose of Ancient Rus', one of the main genres of ancient Russian literature.

Literary critic- a specialist who studies the patterns of the historical and literary process, analyzing the work of one or more writers.

Literary criticism- the science of the essence and specificity of fiction, of the laws of the literary process.

Metaphor(gr. metaphora - transfer) - a figurative meaning of a word based on the similarity or opposition of one object or phenomenon to another.

Monologue(gr. monos - one and logos - speech, word) - the speech of one person in a work of art.

Neologisms(gr. neos - new and logos - word) - words or phrases created to designate a new object or phenomenon, or individual new formations of words.

Oh yeah(Greek ode - song) - a solemn poem dedicated to some historical event or hero.

Personification- transferring human traits to inanimate objects and phenomena.

Description- the type of narrative in which the picture is depicted (portrait of a hero, landscape, view of a room - interior, etc.).

Scenery(French paysage, from pays - area) - a picture of nature in a work of art.

Tale- one of the types of epic work. A story is larger in volume and in coverage of life phenomena than a short story, and smaller than a novel.

Subtext- hidden, implicit meaning that does not coincide with the direct meaning of the text.

Portrait(French portrait - image) - an image of the hero’s appearance in a work.

Proverb- a short, winged, figurative folk saying that has an instructive meaning.

Poem(Greek poiema - creation) - one of the types of lyric-epic works, which are characterized by plot, eventfulness and expression by the author or lyrical hero of his feelings.

Tradition- a genre of folklore, an oral story that contains information passed down from generation to generation about historical figures and events of past years.

Parable- a short story, an allegory that contains a religious or moral lesson.

Prose(Latin proza) - a literary non-poetic work.

Nickname(gr. pseudos - fiction, lie and onyma - name) - a signature with which the author replaces his real name. Some pseudonyms quickly disappeared (V. Alov - N.V. Gogol), others supplanted the real name (Maxim Gorky instead of A.M. Peshkov), and were even passed on to the heirs (T. Gaidar - son of A.P. Gaidar); sometimes a pseudonym is added to the real surname (M. E. Saltykov-Shchedrin).

Denouement- one of the elements of the plot, the final moment in the development of action in a work of art.

Story- a short epic work telling about one or more events in a person’s life.

Review- one of the genres of criticism, a review of a work of art for the purpose of evaluating and analyzing it. The review contains some information about the author of the work, a formulation of the theme and main idea of ​​the book, a story about its characters with discussions about their actions, characters, and relationships with other persons. The review also highlights the most interesting pages of the book. It is important to reveal the position of the author of the book, his attitude towards the characters and their actions.

Rhythm(gr. rhythmos - tact, proportionality) - repetition of any unambiguous phenomena at equal intervals of time (for example, alternation of stressed and unstressed syllables in a verse).

Rhetoric(gr. rhitorike) - the science of oratory.

Rhyme(gr. rhythmos - proportionality) - consonance of the endings of poetic lines.

Satire(Latin satira - lit.: “mixture, all sorts of things”) - merciless, destructive ridicule, criticism of reality, person, phenomenon.

Fairy tale- one of the genres of oral folk art, an entertaining story about unusual, often fantastic events and adventures. There are three types of fairy tales. These are magical, everyday and animal tales. The most ancient are tales about animals and magic ones. Much later, everyday fairy tales appeared, in which human vices were often ridiculed and amusing, sometimes incredible life situations were described.

Comparison- depiction of one phenomenon by comparing it with another.

Means of artistic expression- artistic means (for example, allegory, metaphor, hyperbole, grotesque, comparison, epithet, etc.) that help to draw a person, event or object vividly, specifically, visually.

Poem- a work written in verse, mostly of small volume, often lyrical, expressing emotional experiences.

Stanza(gr. strophe - turn) - a group of verses (lines) that make up the unity. The verses in a stanza are connected by a certain arrangement of rhymes.

Plot(French sujet - subject, content, event) - a series of events described in a work of art, which form its basis.

Subject(gr. theme - what is put [as the basis]) - the circle of life phenomena depicted in the work; the circle of events that form the life basis of the work.

Tragedy(Greek tragodia - lit., “goat song”) - a type of drama, the opposite of comedy, a work depicting a struggle, personal or social catastrophe, usually ending in the death of the hero.

Trisyllabic poetic meters- dactyl (/ - -), amphibrachium (- / -), anapest (- - /).

Oral folk art, or folklore, is the art of the spoken word, created by the people and existing among the broad masses. The most common types of folklore are proverbs, sayings, fairy tales, songs, riddles, and epics.

Fantastic(Greek phantastike - ability to imagine) - a type of fiction in which the author’s imagination extends to the creation of a fictional, unreal, “wonderful” world.

Trochee(Gr. choreios from choros - chorus) - two-syllable verse size with stress on the first syllable (/ -). A work of art is a work of art that depicts events and phenomena, people, their feelings in a vivid figurative form.

Quote- a verbatim excerpt from a text or someone’s words quoted verbatim.

Epigraph(gr. epigraphe - inscription) - a short text placed by the author before the text of the essay and expressing the theme, idea, mood of the work.

Epithet(gr. epitheton - letters, “attached”) - a figurative definition of an object, expressed mainly by an adjective.

Humor(English humor - disposition, mood) - depiction of heroes in a funny way. Humor is cheerful and friendly laughter.

Iambic(Gr. iambos) - two-syllable meter with stress on the second syllable (- /).

Literary terms

I option

Theoretical part

1) minor

2) off-stage

Name the terms.

Practical part

2. HYPERBOLE

B. moment of highest voltage of action

3. TIE

B. depiction of implausible phenomena, the introduction of fictitious images that do not coincide with reality

4. TOULTIMATION

G. type of comic: a way of manifesting the comic in art, which consists in destructive ridicule of phenomena that seem to the author to be vicious, the most acute form of exposing reality

5. SATIRE

D. excessive exaggeration of feelings, meaning, size, beauty of the described phenomenon

6. FANTASTIC

E. allegorical image of an abstract concept or phenomenon

1) Spring is a wonderful time. The air is clean and transparent. The voices of birds can be heard in the distance, and the hasty knock of a woodpecker clearly echoes through the forest. (N.I.Sladkov)

2) On the table, for example, there is a watermelon, a watermelon worth seven hundred rubles... And at that very moment there are couriers, couriers, couriers on the streets... can you imagine, thirty-five thousand couriers alone! (N.V.Gogol)

Literary terms

II option

Theoretical part

Identify literary movements based on their descriptions.

1) Originated in Russia at the beginning of the 19th century. Main features: rejection of reality; the desire to escape into the unreal world created by the author’s imagination; extreme individualism; two worlds.

2) Arose in the 30-40s of the 19th century. Main features: the desire for a truthful and objective depiction of reality; reflection of the connection between various life phenomena; characters are interpreted as typical.

Among these interpretations of literary terms, highlight the definition of a poem.

1) A prose work, reminiscent in its character of a lyric poem, but devoid of poetic organization of speech, that is, poetic in content and prosaic in form.

2) A lyric-epic work, large or medium in volume, the main features of which are the presence of a plot (as in an epic) and an image of a lyrical hero (as in lyric poetry).

3) A prose work of small volume, conveying the author’s subjective impressions and thoughts on a particular subject and initially not claiming to be a complete image or an exhaustive interpretation of the topic.

Define the composition of the work.

Which of the following signs are not signs of an epic novel?

1) an image of a large period of historical time or a fateful event in the life of a nation,

2) a reflection of the life and everyday life of all layers of society,

4) wide geographical coverage and absence of fictional characters.

Which term is missing from the definition?

The problematic is the totality of ________ posed by the author in the work. Types of __________ in a work of art: socio-political, moral-ethical, national-historical, philosophical, etc.

Eliminate errors - correct inconsistencies between literary concepts and their definitions.

(1) Type - (A) character in a work of fiction.

(2) Character - (B) an artistic image of a person, whose individual traits and behavior embody the properties inherent in people of a particular era, social environment, social group, nationality, etc.

(3) Character - (B) an artistic image in which a person’s uniquely individual attitude to the world is revealed.

Match the definition and the term.

1) minor

2) off-stage

A. characters in a dramatic work, mentioned during the action by stage characters, but never appearing on stage.

B. characters who do not significantly influence the course of events and the nature of the conflict; their role in the plot of the work is limited to participation in a small number of events.

Among the interpretations of literary concepts given below, indicate the definition of the author’s position.

2) Endowed with stable personality traits, uniqueness of appearance, individual fate, a conventional image of a person who says “I” about himself in a lyric poem.

3) The author’s attitude to various aspects of life expressed in the text, the writer’s understanding of the characters of people, events, ideological, philosophical and moral problems.

4) A means of creating artistic images: a form inherent only to art of recreating and displaying life in plots and images that do not have a direct correlation with reality.

Name the terms.

1) Convergence, comparison of concepts, based on replacing the direct name of an object with another according to the principle of contiguity (containing - content, thing - material, author - his work, etc.).

2) Excessive exaggeration of the feelings, meaning, size, beauty, etc. of the described phenomenon. It can be both idealizing and derogatory.

Define the term PERSONALIZATION.

II . Practical part

1. Which literary terms from the first column correspond to the definitions from the second column?

A. a type of literature, the subject of which is the content of a person’s inner life, his feelings, experiences

2. GROTESQUE

B. repetition of identical consonant sounds in poetic speech in order to enhance the expressiveness of artistic speech; one of the types of sound recording

3. INVERSION

B. the final episode in the development of the action

4. LYRICS

D. type of comic: an image of people, objects or phenomena in a fantastically exaggerated, ugly-comic form that violates the boundaries of plausibility

5. DENOUNCING

D. part of a literary work, usually preceding the plot and containing information about the characters, place and time of action, a description of the circumstances that took place before it began

6. EXPOSITION

E. violation of the generally accepted word order, rearrangement of words or parts of a phrase gives speech special expressiveness

1. List the artistic means of expression from these examples and indicate their names.

1) Like a fairy-tale sentry, a big-headed owlet sat down on a naked branch. (I.S. Sokolov-Mikitov)

2) A day passed, another passed, the man became so adept that he even began to cook soup in a handful.

(M. E. Saltykov-Shchedrin)

Literary terms

III option

Theoretical part

Identify literary movements based on their descriptions.

1) Originated in Russia at the beginning of the 19th century. Main features: rejection of reality; the desire to escape into the unreal world created by the author’s imagination; extreme individualism; two worlds.

2) Arose in the 30-40s of the 19th century. Main features: the desire for a truthful and objective depiction of reality; reflection of the connection between various life phenomena; characters are interpreted as typical.

Among these interpretations of literary terms, highlight the definition of a poem.

1) A prose work, reminiscent in its character of a lyric poem, but devoid of poetic organization of speech, that is, poetic in content and prosaic in form.

2) A lyric-epic work, large or medium in volume, the main features of which are the presence of a plot (as in an epic) and an image of a lyrical hero (as in lyric poetry).

3) A prose work of small volume, conveying the author’s subjective impressions and thoughts on a particular subject and initially not claiming to be a complete image or an exhaustive interpretation of the topic.

Define the composition of the work.

Which of the following signs are not signs of an epic novel?

1) an image of a large period of historical time or a fateful event in the life of a nation,

2) a reflection of the life and everyday life of all layers of society,

4) wide geographical coverage and absence of fictional characters.

Which term is missing from the definition?

The problematic is the totality of ________ posed by the author in the work. Types of __________ in a work of art: socio-political, moral-ethical, national-historical, philosophical, etc.

Eliminate errors - correct inconsistencies between literary concepts and their definitions.

(1) Type - (A) character in a work of fiction.

(2) Character - (B) an artistic image of a person, whose individual traits and behavior embody the properties inherent in people of a particular era, social environment, social group, nationality, etc.

(3) Character - (B) an artistic image in which a person’s uniquely individual attitude to the world is revealed.

Match the definition and the term.

1) minor

2) off-stage

A. characters in a dramatic work, mentioned during the action by stage characters, but never appearing on stage.

B. characters who do not significantly influence the course of events and the nature of the conflict; their role in the plot of the work is limited to participation in a small number of events.

Among the interpretations of literary concepts given below, indicate the definition of the author’s position.

2) Endowed with stable personality traits, uniqueness of appearance, individual fate, a conventional image of a person who says “I” about himself in a lyric poem.

3) The author’s attitude to various aspects of life expressed in the text, the writer’s understanding of the characters of people, events, ideological, philosophical and moral problems.

4) A means of creating artistic images: a form inherent only to art of recreating and displaying life in plots and images that do not have a direct correlation with reality.

Name the terms.

1) Convergence, comparison of concepts, based on replacing the direct name of an object with another according to the principle of contiguity (containing - content, thing - material, author - his work, etc.).

2) Excessive exaggeration of the feelings, meaning, size, beauty, etc. of the described phenomenon. It can be both idealizing and derogatory.

Define the term PERSONALIZATION.

II . Practical part

1. Which literary terms from the first column correspond to the definitions from the second column?

2. DRAMA

B. figurative definition, emphasizing any property of an object or phenomenon that has special artistic expressiveness

3. IRONY

B. transfer of the name of one object or phenomenon to another object or phenomenon due to similarity

4. METAPHOR

D. contrast of characters, circumstances, images, compositional elements, creating the effect of sharp contrast

5. PLOT

D. a type of literature that includes works written for stage performance

6. EPITHET

E. an event or a series of interconnected and sequentially developing events that make up the content of a literary work

1. List the artistic means of expression from these examples and indicate their names.

1) The cold slumbers, squeezing the juice from the branches, the winds sleep, tired, in the thickets. (V.M. Tushnova)

2) Ivan Nikiforovich, on the contrary, has trousers with such wide folds that if they were inflated, they could fitthe entire yard with a barn and buildings (N.V. Gogol)

Literary terms

IV option

Theoretical part

Identify literary movements based on their descriptions.

1) Originated in Russia at the beginning of the 19th century. Main features: rejection of reality; the desire to escape into the unreal world created by the author’s imagination; extreme individualism; two worlds.

2) Arose in the 30-40s of the 19th century. Main features: the desire for a truthful and objective depiction of reality; reflection of the connection between various life phenomena; characters are interpreted as typical.

Among these interpretations of literary terms, highlight the definition of a poem.

1) A prose work, reminiscent in its character of a lyric poem, but devoid of poetic organization of speech, that is, poetic in content and prosaic in form.

2) A lyric-epic work, large or medium in volume, the main features of which are the presence of a plot (as in an epic) and an image of a lyrical hero (as in lyric poetry).

3) A prose work of small volume, conveying the author’s subjective impressions and thoughts on a particular subject and initially not claiming to be a complete image or an exhaustive interpretation of the topic.

Define the composition of the work.

Which of the following signs are not signs of an epic novel?

1) an image of a large period of historical time or a fateful event in the life of a nation,

2) a reflection of the life and everyday life of all layers of society,

4) wide geographical coverage and absence of fictional characters.

Which term is missing from the definition?

The problematic is the totality of ________ posed by the author in the work. Types of __________ in a work of art: socio-political, moral-ethical, national-historical, philosophical, etc.

Eliminate errors - correct inconsistencies between literary concepts and their definitions.

(1) Type - (A) character in a work of fiction.

(2) Character - (B) an artistic image of a person, whose individual traits and behavior embody the properties inherent in people of a particular era, social environment, social group, nationality, etc.

(3) Character - (B) an artistic image in which a person’s uniquely individual attitude to the world is revealed.

Match the definition and the term.

1) minor

2) off-stage

A. characters in a dramatic work, mentioned during the action by stage characters, but never appearing on stage.

B. characters who do not significantly influence the course of events and the nature of the conflict; their role in the plot of the work is limited to participation in a small number of events.

Among the interpretations of literary concepts given below, indicate the definition of the author’s position.

2) Endowed with stable personality traits, uniqueness of appearance, individual fate, a conventional image of a person who says “I” about himself in a lyric poem.

3) The author’s attitude to various aspects of life expressed in the text, the writer’s understanding of the characters of people, events, ideological, philosophical and moral problems.

4) A means of creating artistic images: a form inherent only to art of recreating and displaying life in plots and images that do not have a direct correlation with reality.

Name the terms.

1) Convergence, comparison of concepts, based on replacing the direct name of an object with another according to the principle of contiguity (containing - content, thing - material, author - his work, etc.).

2) Excessive exaggeration of the feelings, meaning, size, beauty, etc. of the described phenomenon. It can be both idealizing and derogatory.

Define the term PERSONALIZATION.

II . Practical part

1. Which literary terms from the first column correspond to the definitions from the second column? Enter your answers in the table.

A. depiction of inanimate objects, in which they are endowed with the properties of living beings

2.GENRE

B. one of the three main types of literature, highlighting an objective depiction of reality, the author’s description of events unfolding in space and time, a narration about various life phenomena, people, their destinies, characters, actions, etc.

3. COMPOSITION

B. a certain type of literary work

4. PERSONALIZATION

D. comparison of the depicted object or phenomenon with another

5. COMPARISON

D. one of the types of sound writing: repeated repetition in a poem (less often in prose) of the same vowel sounds, enhancing the expressiveness of artistic speech

6. EPOS

E. construction of a work of art: arrangement and relationship of its parts, images, episodes in accordance with the content, genre form and author’s intention

1. List the artistic means of expression from these examples and indicate their names.

1) Silent sea, azure sea,

I stand enchanted over your abyss,

You are alive; you breathe; confused love,

You are filled with anxious thoughts.

(V.A. Zhukovsky)

2) Meshchera forests are as majestic as cathedrals. (K.G. Paustovsky)

Dictionary

literary terms

Allegory- allegory, when another concept is hidden under a specific image of an object, person, phenomenon.

Alliteration– repetition of homogeneous consonant sounds, giving the literary text a special sound and intonation expressiveness; one of the types of sound recording.

Amphibrachium- three-syllable verse with stress on the second syllable.

Anapaest- three-syllable verse with stress on the third syllable.

Antithesis- an artistic contrast of characters, circumstances, concepts, creating the impression of sharp contrast.

Aphorism- a short saying that expresses a significant, deep thought in an original, artistically sharpened form. An aphorism resembles a proverb, but unlike it, it belongs to a specific person (writer, scientist, etc.)

Ballad- one of the genres of lyric-epic poetry: a plot poem, which is based on some unusual incident associated with a historical event or legend; usually of a heroic, legendary or fantastic nature.

Literary hero - protagonist, character in a work.

Hyperbola– excessive exaggeration of the properties of the depicted object.

Grotesque- extreme exaggeration, based on a bizarre combination of the fantastic and the real, the terrible and the funny; condensation of a satirical image of phenomena, objects and people.

Dactyl– three-syllable verse with stress on the first syllable.

Detail - one of the means of creating an artistic image; expressive detail in a work (part of the external world, a portrait, etc.), which helps the reader to imagine and better understand not only the character, setting, but also the work as a whole, the author’s attitude towards what is depicted.

Dialogue– a conversation between two or more persons; the main form of revealing human characters in a dramatic work.

Drama- a type of literature, a dramatic work intended for production on stage, in which the main idea is revealed through the dialogues and monologues of the characters, their actions and actions.

Drama in the narrow sense of the word is a play with an acute conflict, but unlike tragedy, here the conflict is more grounded, ordinary and, one way or another, resolvable.

Genre– type of work of art: song, ballad, poem, story, short story, comedy, etc.

The beginning- an episode of a literary work in which the main conflict arises.

Idea- the main idea of ​​the work.

Inversion– unusual word order, violation of the sequence of speech in order to give the phrase special expressiveness.

Intonation- the main expressive means of spoken speech, which allows you to convey the speaker’s attitude to what he is talking about.

Irony – ridicule, ridicule. Usually the true meaning of a statement is, as it were, disguised: the exact opposite of what is meant is said.

Comedy- a dramatic work in which the negative traits of a person or social phenomenon are ridiculed.

Comic- funny things in life and art.

Composition- construction of a work of art.

Artistic conflict- a clash, confrontation between characters or any forces that underlies the development of the action of a literary work.

Climax- an episode of a literary work in which an artistic conflict reaches the highest point in its development and requires resolution.

Monologue- a detailed statement by one person, not connected with the remarks of other persons.

Novella- a small epic work, close to a story, which is based on a description of one event and the author’s assessment of it.

Artistic image- an artistic depiction of human life in an extremely concrete form, but at the same time carrying a generalization and expressing the aesthetic and moral ideal of the writer (artist).

Feature article- one of the genres of epic, narrative literature, which differs from others in authenticity, in that the essay usually depicts events that happened in real life. At the same time, it retains the features of a figurative reflection of life.

Parallelism– comparison; often used in oral folk art.

Scenery- in a work of art, a description of nature, which not only makes it possible to see where an event takes place, but also helps to understand it.

Character- the protagonist of a work of art.

Song– a small lyrical work intended for singing; a folk song usually appears along with a melody.

Tale– epic genre; By the nature of the development of the action, it is more complex than a story, but less developed than a novel.

Poem- one of the genres of lyric-epic work, which is characterized by plot, expression by the author or hero of his feelings.

Nickname– a fictitious name or symbol under which the author publishes his work.

Denouement- an episode of a literary work in which the main artistic conflict is resolved.

Story- epic genre, a small form of literary work that depicts an episode from the life of a hero.

Replica- a phrase of the interlocutor in a dialogue that arose as a response to the words of the partner.

Poetic rhythm– repetition of homogeneous sound features, alternation of stressed and unstressed syllables.

Rhyme– sound matches at the end of lines.

Novel- an epic work that covers the life, actions, clashes of many heroes, sometimes the history of generations, reveals the diversity of social relations. A novel is characterized by a branched plot or several plot lines united by a common plan.

Romance- a feature of literary creativity, which lies in the desire to depict bright or fictitious aspects of life.

Sarcasm- caustic, caustic mockery.

Satire- the most merciless ridicule of the imperfections of the world, human vices.

Stanza- part of a poem, united into a single whole by rhyme, rhythm, content.

Plot- an event or a series of events depicted in a work in a certain sequence, constituting the content of a work of art.

Subject- what is the basis of a literary work, the main subject of the story.

Tragedy- a dramatic work that depicts extremely acute, irreconcilable conflicts, most often ending in the death of the heroes. This struggle reveals the loftiness of aspirations and the strength of character of the characters.

Fantastic- a type of fiction in which the author’s fiction creates an unreal, fictional world, bizarre images and phenomena.

Folklore- oral works of word art.

Exposition– episodes preceding the beginning, the emergence of the main conflict; outlining the position of the characters before the action begins.

Epigraph- a bright saying placed by the author before the work or part of it in order to help the reader better understand the content and meaning of the text.

Humor- cheerful, good-natured ridicule of someone or something.