Modal verbs must and should. Modal verbs: have to, ought to, should and others. Basic concept of modality

There are pairs of modal verbs that supposedly have the same translation into Russian, but different semantic shades, hence different cases of use in English. Such word pairs often represent something like “false” equivalents. Today we will continue to deal with such pairs of verbs and consider the following modal verbs:

• must — must
• have to — must
• ought to — must

The modal verbs must, have to and ought to have the same translation with different semantic connotations

Modal verb must used to convey the need to perform an action under the influence of certain circumstances, and is also used when expressing advice or order

It does not have the forms of past and future tenses, therefore, if necessary, it is replaced by have to.

• We will have to be at the park by 8 o’clock, if we want to see her. — We have to be at the park by 8 o'clock if we want to see her.
• He had to rewrite his essay. — He had to rewrite his essay

Must used in the following cases:

Characteristics of the modal verb have to

Modal verb have to has the ability to reflect the categories of number and person, which almost all other modal verbs are not capable of

• He has to work 9 hours a day. — He must work 9 hours a day
• They had to prevent us. - They should have warned us

The second characteristic is the particle -to, characteristic of only a few modal verbs.

• You have to answer this question. — You have to answer this question

To construct a negative and interrogative sentence with a modal verb have to need an auxiliary word to do

• Do you have to write the essay? — Should you write an essay?
• He doesn't have to be here. — He shouldn't be here

Modal verb must used to convey the need to perform an action due to certain circumstances that force

• We have to hold meeting in this room according to timetable. — According to the schedule, we must hold a meeting in this room

The modal verb must is used to convey the need to perform an action due to certain circumstances that force

Modal verb have to has a similar meaning have got to. However, the boundaries of their use are clearly separated by the rule:

Have to used with actions that are often repeated, and have got to with specific actions

• She has to make bed every morning. — She has to make the bed every morning
• She has got to wash the dishes today. — She has to wash the dishes today

About the modal verb ought to

This verb has only one form and, like the previous verb, has a particle -to, standing before the main verb. Modal verb ought to extremely rarely used in interrogative and negative sentences. You can meet it in sentences of this kind only in formal text:

• We ought not to discuss this problem. — We should not condemn this problem
• Ought I to read this letter? — Should I read this letter?

Ought to is used:

1. To indicate moral duty, obligation or advice:
   • You ought to say only the truth. — You must cook only the truth
2. To express a natural assumption:
   • They have done such a difficult task and they ought to be all-out. - They completed such a difficult task, they must be exhausted

   Ought to in spoken English it is used more rarely than a verb related to it in meaning should, which has gained wider use among English speakers. In the following short video you will learn about the modal verb should.

Video: About modal verbs Must, Have to, Should, Ought to

There is a whole category of words in English that can safely be called special, different from other groups of vocabulary. These words are modal verbs: Can, Could, Must, May, Might, Should, Need, Have to. Although they are not used as independent lexical units, since they express only the necessity, ability or possibility of performing an action, their role in the language is incredibly large. What are these words and when are they used?

Can

Can is rightfully considered the most common word in the modal group. Thanks to him, we can report that we know/can do something or are capable of something.

Can is used to indicate:

• intellectual or physical real ability to accomplish something;
• requests, permission, prohibition;
• doubts, mistrust, surprise.

But it is necessary to remember that the modal verb can itself does not denote an action, therefore it must be followed by another verb that directly indicates the execution of the process. This rule applies to all other words discussed below.

Could

Must

The modal verb must denotes obligation, namely:

• an obligation or a certain duty due to personal beliefs, principles, traditions;
• advice, recommendation or order;
• probability/supposition of the action taking place.

Must is used not only in the present tense, but also in the future. It is important to remember that in all cases its shape does not change.

May

The modal verb may indicates the possibility of performing an action or the assumption of such a possibility. In the general sense, it is translated as you can/can/can, etc. May is used when it is necessary to express:

• the objective possibility of performing an action that is not prevented by anything or anyone;
• formal request or permission;
• an assumption caused by doubt.

Might

Might is the past tense form of May. Also used to indicate the possibility/request/suggestion of performing an action. One of the special meanings of the word Might is an expression of slight condemnation or disapproval. It is interesting that although the modal verb might is considered a past tense form, it is used to denote the execution of a process both in the present and in the future.

The modal verb should is similar in meaning to Must, but is not as strict. Thus, Should is used when the task is to express an obligation or duty, stylistically weakened to a recommendation or advice. Should is also used to denote reproach or regret due to the fact that the desired action was not previously performed or can no longer be performed.

Need

The modal verb need should be used to express a need or urgent need to carry out an action. Accordingly, if Need is present in a negative construction, it denotes the lack of need/permission to do something. Need is also found in interrogative constructions - here it indicates doubts about the advisability of performing the process in question.

The main distinctive feature of Have to is that it denotes the obligation to perform actions due to specific circumstances. Based on this, the modal verb have to is recommended to be used only when it is necessary to indicate the compulsion of actions due to the current situation, and not personal desires. Have to can be used in all tenses, but each has its own form: present - Have to or Has to, past - Had to, future - Will have to.

Without a doubt, without modal verbs it is impossible to construct competent and stylistically neat speech. Therefore, when choosing methods of learning English that you can familiarize yourself with, be sure to include the study of this category of vocabulary in the chosen method. Moreover, now you have a useful theoretical basis that will help you successfully cope with the task.

Modal verbs in English are a type of auxiliary verbs that are used to express physical or mental ability, ability, permission, prohibition or obligation. Sometimes a modal verb is used with a preposition (modal phrase). List of modal verbs and phrases:

Can, could, be able to - be able to, be able to, be capable.

May, might - used to express permission, doubt.

Shall, should - we use it when we advise doing something, in polite requests or in the meaning of “should”.

Must, have to - to be due.

Will, would - used to express a desire, request or in polite questions.

The verb "have to" is often grouped with modal auxiliary verbs, but in fact it is not exactly a modal or even an auxiliary verb. From a grammatical point of view, "have to" in a sentence is a semantic verb.

Modal verbs must and have to in a sentence they come before the verb in the infinitive.

For example:

I must finish this report by the end of the week. I should finish the report by the end of the week.

Mary has to go back home. Mary needs to go home.

In England, you have to learn to drive on the left. In England you have to learn to drive on the left.

In most colleges schoolchildren have to wear uniform. Most colleges require students to wear a uniform.

In Russian, both verbs are translated, as a rule, by the words “to be due”, “needed” and express obligations, rules, laws or prohibitions.

Difference between must and have to is that we use “have to” when we talk about obligations that are dictated by external factors, for example, about the charter of a company or any institution. As a rule, this is a law or a guide to action that cannot be changed.

For example:

I have to wear a suit in my office.
When entering the building we should show our identity cards.

I have to wear a suit in the office.
When entering the building we must present identification.

In the examples above, we are talking about the rules set by the company.

Must, as opposed to have to,expresses the obligations we establish for ourselves or for others. For example:

My mother always says that I must be more organized. My mom always says that I should be more organized.

I must exercise more if I want to be fit. I have to exercise more if I want to stay fit.

We can also use “must” when we strongly recommend something. For example:The new movie with Keanu Reeves is absolutely fantastic. You must watch it! The new movie with Keanu Reeves is amazing. You should definitely watch it!

Differencebetween verbsmust and have to:negative form

Have to and must , when we use them in negation, have completely different meanings. A synonym for the verb “mustn’t” is the verb “can’t”, for example:

I mustn’t talk about this, it is a secret. I can't talk about it, it's a secret.

In this sentence we can also use the verb “can"t”, but the meaning of the sentence will not change:I can't talk about this, it is a secret. I can’t (I’m not allowed) to talk about it, it’s a secret.

What is the difference between must and have to: the most common mistakes and grammatical differences

Verb "must":

1. After the modal verb “must” we use the infinitive without the particle to.

For example: I have a test next week, so I must do my homework today. I have a test next week so I have to today do homework. (Wrong: I must to do my homework today).

1. It has no past or future tense, no endings -s, -ing, -ed.

I must go to the office tomorrow. I have to go to the office tomorrow. (Wrong: I will must to go to the office tomorrow).

1. We use not or n’t when we put the verb in the negative form, we do not use the auxiliary verbs don’t, doesn’t, didn’t. For example:

You mustn’t watch this movie; it is for adults only. You can't watch this movie, it's only for adults. (Wrong: You don’t must watch this movie.)

1. In a sentence, adverbs usually come after the modal verb. For example:

We must only pay for the accommodation. We only have to pay for the accommodation. (Wrong: We only must pay for the accommodation.)

Verb "to have":

1. The infinitive after the modal verb “have” is always used with the particle “to”.

For example: We have to work on Saturday because we need to get the papers ready by Monday. We will have to work on Saturday because we need to prepare documents by Monday.

1. The verb “have to” can be used in all tenses. For example:

She has to wake up at 6 am. She has to get up at 6 am.

I had to tell him the truth. I had to tell him the truth.

We will have to go back on Sunday evening because we have a meeting on Monday morning. We'll have to come back on Sunday night because we have a meeting on Monday morning.

1. With the verb “have to” we always use the auxiliary verbs don’t, doesn’t, didn’t, etc. in negative and interrogative forms. For example:

Do you really have to work at the weekend? Do you really need to work on the weekends?

Mary didn’t have to take the children to the zoo yesterday; Mary didn't have to take the children to the zoo yesterday.

1. In a sentence, adverbs usually come before or between “have to” and the auxiliary verbs. For example:

I always have to call her in the morning because she is always late. I always have to call her in the morning because she is always late.

Do you sometimes have to tell unpleasant things to people? Do you sometimes have to say unpleasant things to people?

Often in a conversation we want to give a sentence some character, make it more polite or, conversely, sharp and motivating. In this case, you should turn to modal verbs. There are quite a lot of them in the English language, and they all have their own specific purpose. Today we will focus on one of them and study how and in what cases it is worth using the modal verb should.

But first, let's remember what modal verbs actually are. Modals verbs or modal verbs are verbs that show the speaker’s attitude towards a particular event or action. By themselves, they do not have such a meaning, and therefore are used only as auxiliaries, acting in conjunction with the main verb. Should in this case is no exception.

The modal verb should in English is usually translated as “must”, “should”. Most often it is used to give some kind of advice or recommendation. It occurs constantly in speech, so knowing this verb will greatly facilitate your understanding of the language. The good news is that you don't have to memorize anything to learn it, understanding how to use this verb is very simple, and now you will see it for yourself.

In order not to confuse the location of this verb, let's look at the use of should in various sentence forms.

The verb should in affirmative sentences

In affirmative sentences, this modal verb comes immediately after the subject:

Please note that in sentences with the 3rd person in the present tense, you should never add the ending -s(-es) to the modal verb should. Moreover, it does not need to be added to the main verb. This rule works with almost all modal verbs, which greatly facilitates the construction of sentences at the initial stage of language learning.

The verb should in negative sentences

In negative sentences should takes on the negative particle not:

In colloquial speech, the modal verb should often merges with negation:

Please note that a negative particle can also be used after a semantic verb in the construction not ... but (also), but in this case the meaning of the sentence changes. Let's compare:

The verb should in interrogative sentences

In the interrogative form, the modal verb should comes first:

Modal verb should: use

The modal verb should is used in the following cases:

1. In order to give advice in the sense of “should”, “should not”:

Advice can be given by using the pronoun I before should. This construction will be translated into Russian as “I would if I were you...”:

1. To express commitment. In the case of the modal verb should, obligation rather speaks of a person’s moral urge to do something. In simple words, no one forces or obliges him to do an action, but he feels that he must do it for reasons of conscience. Compare:

The analogues of should in such sentences, as you already understood, are the Russian “need” and “must”:

To express emotions regarding what a person should do, you can use constructions: it’s interesting (interesting) / ridiculous (ridiculous) / surprising (surprising), etc.:

1. Should is also used to express probability, showing that an action "should" happen or will happen:

1. And also to express the hope that ideas coincide with reality:

1. The modal verb is also used when they come to some kind of conclusion:

1. Should can also be seen in conditional sentences meaning “if suddenly”:

And also in the meaning of “if” in official correspondence:

1. The verb should can also be used with a perfect infinitive. In this case, the auxiliary have is added to it in the 1st and semantic in the 3rd verb forms. This construction expresses reproach or regret for imperfect actions:

1. It is worth noting that the modal verb shall is directly related to the verb should. The fact is that in addition to its independent form, should is also used to show the verb shall in the past tense in English. This variant of its use is very rare, mainly when coordinating tenses:

That's all. As you can see, the modal verb should can be used in various situations, and most importantly, without any difficulties. To reinforce the material, you can do exercises on the topic and create your own examples.

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In English there are different ways to express possibility and ought. As a rule, so-called modal verbs are used for this. They differ from other verbs in that they are not used independently and do not denote a specific action, but only modality, that is, the speaker’s attitude to a particular action/event. Below we will tell you in detail in what cases such common modal verbs as must, have to, shall, need and may are used.

Must

Must is the most “straightforward” way to say “should”. This is a very “strong” modal verb. It is used only in the present tense to express a prohibition, order, or obligation that must be fulfilled now or in the near future. The structure of sentences with must is very simple. This verb is used without the particle to and has the same form for all persons:

SINGULAR	PLURAL
I must work hard	We must work hard
You must work hard	You must work hard
He/she/it must work hard	They must work hard

Here are some examples:

When you drive you must wear a seatbelt. / You must wear a seat belt when you drive a car.

Your colleagues must hand in their projects before the 9th July. / Your colleagues must submit their project by July 9th.

I must remember to send a birthday card to my grandfather. / I must remember to send a birthday card to my grandfather.

John must study harder if he wants to enter the university. / John must study harder if he wants to go to university.

We must get to the airport three hours before the flight. / We need to be at the airport three hours before departure.

In negative sentences, must is followed by the particle not. However, the most commonly used abbreviation is n’t:

I mustn't move	We mustn't move
You mustn't move	You mustn't move
He/she/it mustn’t move	They mustn't move

Mustn't means an order, a strict form of prohibition, or a strict obligation. Let's illustrate this with examples:

When the traffic lights are red one mustn't go. / You can’t cross the road when the light is red.

They mustn't use their mobile phones at the theatre. / They must not use mobile phones in the theatre.

You mustn't stand up while the plane is taking off. / You shouldn't get up when the plane takes off.

I mustn't drink any more alcohol, otherwise I will feel bad. / I can’t drink alcohol anymore, otherwise I’ll get sick.

Your sister mustn't go outside without a jacket. She was ill last week. / Your sister can’t go out without a sweater. She was sick last week.

Passengers must not lean on the doors. / Passengers are prohibited from leaning against the doors.

All drivers must not drive without a driving license. / Drivers should not drive a car without a license.

Moreover, using the modal verb must, you can make interrogative sentences. To do this, you need to place must before the subject. A quick note: these constructions are outdated and rarely used in modern English. Here are some examples:

Must I go to the reception? I don't really want to. / Do I have to go to the appointment? I don't want to at all.

What time must we come? – Not later than 5pm. / What time should we arrive? – No later than 5 pm.

Must he speak so loud? It's really annoying. / Does he have to talk so loudly? It's very annoying.

Why must the children do so many exercises? / Why do children have to do so much exercise?

What must he wear at work? Is there a dress code? / What should he wear to work? Is there a dress code there?

Who must we call for an appointment? / Who should we call to make an appointment?

Have to

In affirmative sentences, have to has almost the same meaning as must, and means some kind of obligation or obligation. But have to is a more flexible verb. It is used in the present, past and future tenses. For this reason, it is more popular than must. Have to is conjugated just like any other English verb:

+	—	?
I have to go	I don't have to go	Do I have to go?
you have to go	you don't have to go	Do you have to go?
he/she/it has to go	he/she/it doesn’t have to go	Does he/she/it have to go?
we have to go	we don't have to go	Do we have to go?
you have to go	you don't have to go	Do you have to go?
they have to go	they don't have to go	Do they have to go?

Here are examples of affirmative sentences with have to:

We have to email the suppliers before they send the goods. / We need to send emails to suppliers before they send their goods.

You have to do the shopping because the refrigerator is almost empty. /You need to go to the store - the refrigerator is almost empty.

My brother has to take a train and two buses to get to work every day. / Every day my brother has to get to work, first by train, and then by two more buses.

You have to practice more if you want your English to improve. /You have to study more if you want your English to improve.

All motorcyclists have to wear a helmet. / All motorcyclists must wear a helmet.

If you're a foreigner you have to fill in a special landing card. / If you are a foreigner, you need to fill out a special immigration card.

Interrogative sentences with the verb have to are used when you need to ask whether someone/something is obligated to do something. In modern English, such constructions are much more popular than interrogative sentences with the modal verb must. Here are some examples:

What time does your sister have to start work? / What time does your sister have to start work?

Do we have to put down these lectures? / Do we have to record these lectures?

Why do they have to work so hard? — Because their deadline is the day after tomorrow. / Why do they have to work so hard? — Because the day after tomorrow is the deadline.

Does Tom have to wear a tie to work? / Should Tom wear a tie to work?

Do I have to bring my passport? / Should I bring my passport with me?

What do they have to leave now? / Why should they leave now?

Negative sentences with have to are very different from negative sentences with must. We use have to to show the absence of an obligation or need to do something. For example:

When you ride a bicycle you don't have to wear a helmet, but it’s a good idea. / It is not necessary to wear a helmet while cycling, although it is a good idea.

She doesn't have to come to the party if she doesn’t want to. / She doesn't have to go to the party if she doesn't want to.

We don't have to wear uniforms to school in Spain./ In Spain we are not required to go to school in uniform.

I don't have to work at weekend so I can do what I want. / I don't have to work on weekends, so I can do whatever I want.

Those pupils don't have to read all the books the teacher recommended, just one of them. / Those students do not have to read all the books that the teacher recommended to them. They only need to read a few of them.

You don't have to pay to use the motorways in Great Britain. They are free. /In the UK you don't have to pay to drive on the motorway. It's free.

Ought in the past and future

To express an obligation in the past, the past tense form of the verb have to – had to is used. Note that must also changes to had to. The sentence structure is as follows:

+	—	?
I had to visit them	I didn't have to visit them	Did I have to visit them?
you had to visit them		Did you have to visit them?
he/she/it had to visit them	he/she/it didn’t have to visit them	Did he/she/it have to visit them?
we had to visit them	we didn't have to visit them	Did we have to visit them?
you had to visit them	you didn't have to visit them	Did you have to visit them?
they had to visit them	they didn't have to visit them	Did they have to visit them?

For example:

I had to wait a long time for my train. / I had to wait a long time for my train.

We didn't have to show our passports. They accepted our driving licenses. / We didn't have to show our passports. They accepted driver's licenses.

Did you have to pay a fine when that policeman stopped you? / Did you have to pay a fine when that policeman stopped you?

The doctor in the hospital told him he had to lose weight. / The doctor at the hospital told him that he should lose weight.

They had to queue up for two hours to get into the museum. They almost missed their flight. / To get into the museum, we had to stand in line for two hours. We almost missed the plane.

You had to do take part in lot of conferences in your last job, didn’t you? / At your last place of work, you had to take part in many conferences, didn’t you?

Have to can also be used with other tense forms, such as the Present Perfect. In this case, we are talking about obligations that existed for an indefinite period of time. For example:

We've had to work a lot this month. / We had to work a lot this month.

She's had to leave early because her son is sick. / She had to leave early because her son was sick.

Mary and Jim haven't had to go to the doctor for years. They've very healthy children. / Mary and Jim haven’t had to go to the doctor for a long time. They have very healthy children.

Have to can also be used with will to describe an obligation in the future:

Your friend will have to work hard if he wants to get a promotion. /Your friend will have to work hard if he wants to advance in his job.

They'll have to hurry up. The film starts in thirty minutes. / They'll have to hurry. The film starts in half an hour.

He won't have to start his job until next week, so he’s going on holiday. / He won't have to start work until next week, so he'll go on holiday for now.

Will you have to pass IELTS if you want to secure that position? / Will you need to take IELTS to get a job there?

I'll have to train hard for the competition. I am afraid, I’m not fit enough yet. / I will have to train a lot for the competition. I'm afraid I'm not very well prepared yet.

You'll have to tell Marie the truth, otherwise she’ll be really disappointed. / You will have to tell Marie the truth, otherwise she will be very upset.

Must or Have to?

In what cases should you use must, and in what cases should you use have to? Generally speaking, in affirmative sentences of the present tense it is permissible to use both options. However, there is a slight difference between them. The difference is that must is often personal in nature. In other words, we set boundaries ourselves, give ourselves guidelines and decide what we should and what we shouldn’t. This is our own will.

These trousers don't fit me anymore. I must lose weight. / I can't fit into these trousers anymore. I have to lose weight.

Meanwhile, have to is impersonal and is used in situations where someone else sets limits and rules for us:

My mother told me I'm overweight and I have to go on a diet. / My mother said that I was getting fat and should go on a diet.

Moreover, the verb must is often found in official documents, protocols and special regulations. For example:

Passengers must keep their bags with them at all times. / Passengers must keep their luggage with them at all times.

Please note that in negative sentences these verbs are translated completely differently. Must expresses the strictest prohibition, and have to translates as “you shouldn’t, you shouldn’t, there’s no need” (but theoretically you can do it). Here are some examples:

You mustn't do that! (Don’t do it because it is not permitted.) / You shouldn’t do this! (Don't do this as it is prohibited.)

You don't have to do that. (You have no obligation to do it but you can if you want to.) / You don’t have to do it. (There is no instruction or requirement to do this, but you can do it if you want).

Shall

You can see this modal verb on the pages of many official business documents. It is also often used in formal settings. In this context shall indicates permission or prohibition. This modal verb will be translated into Russian with the words “obliges”, “obliges”, “must”. Here are some examples:

Employees shall provide a medical certificate for sick leave. / To receive sick leave, employees are required to present a medical certificate.

The following aspects shall be mentioned. /The following aspects must be mentioned.

Both parties shall give reasonable notice if they cannot attend the hearing. /The representative of each party, if he is unable to take part in the hearing, is obliged to warn about this in advance.

Hotel guests shall pay for any damage to the rooms. / Hotel guests are required to pay for damage caused to the hotel rooms.

Members of the club shall not use the gym equipment without a special permission. / Club members are not allowed to use the gym equipment without special permission.

All participants shall wear your ID badge at all times. / All participants are required to wear special badges at all times to identify them.

Applicants shall come to interviews with their CV and copies of their qualifications. / Applicants must bring a resume and copies of documents confirming their level of education to the interview.

The students who wants to study in Dublin shall have an interview. / Students wishing to study in Dublin are required to attend an interview.

Need

This verb is used to express necessity. Often it has the same meaning as the modal verbs must and have to, which we have already discussed. The most significant difference is that need is a much softer and polite form of obligation. Need is also notable for the fact that it can act both as a modal and as a standard ordinary verb:

+	—	?
I need to stop	I don't need to stop	Do I need to stop?
You need to stop	You don't need to stop	Do you need to stop?
She/He/It needs to stop	He/she/it doesn’t need to stop	Does he/she/it need to stop?
We need to stop	We don't need to stop	Do we need to stop?
You need to stop	You don't need to stop	Do you need to stop?
They need to stop	They don't need to stop	Do they need to stop?

Here are some examples:

You don't need to buy juice, we have plenty. /You don't need to buy juice, we have plenty of it.

You need to fill up with petrol. The tank is almost empty. / You need to gas up the car. The tank is almost empty.

Do you need anything from the supermarket? / Do you need to buy anything at the supermarket?

Y our friends don't need to come so early. They can come whenever they're ready. / Your friends don't need to come so early. They can come whenever they want.

In modern English, need is used as a modal verb only in negative sentences without the particle to. For example:

You don't need do the washing up. I'll do it later. / You don't have to wash the dishes. I'll wash it myself later.

They don't need complete the project right away. There's plenty of time. / They don't need to finish the project right now. There's still plenty of time.

Little Bob needsn't worry about going to the doctor. He's very kind. / Little Bob doesn't have to be afraid to go to the doctor. He is very kind.

N.B. Don’t need to and you needn’t are similar in meaning to you don’t have to.

May

This modal verb is used to politely and formally ask or give permission. The structure of sentences with may is as follows:

+	—	?
I may come in	I may not come in	May I come in?
you may come in	you may not come in	May you come in?
he/she/it may come in	he/she/it may come in	May he/she/it come in?
we may come in	we may not come in	May we come in?
you may come in	you may not come in	May you come in?
they may come in	they may not come in	May they come in?

Explore the examples below:

May I come in? / May I come in?

May I ask you a question? Can I ask you a question?

Your brother may have a seat here. / Your brother can sit here.

They may use the equipment as long as they use if carefully. / They can use the equipment, just let them be careful.

May we have some wine? / Can we have some wine?

Jane may take the exam again. / Jane can retake the exam.

One may not use your phone while driving a care. / You cannot use your phone while driving a car.

So, now that you have a good understanding of these modal verbs, build on your success! Take our test below - you will find many interesting and useful exercises there. Also try to make sentences on your own with the words must, have to, shall, need and may. Yes, this is a very difficult topic. But we are sure that over time it will no longer be difficult for you!