Is it possible to make sales from 43 accounts? Finished goods invoice. Accounting for finished products at planned cost

Finished products can be accounted for in different ways: at actual or standard (planned) cost. About what methods of accounting for finished products are supported in “1C: Accounting 8” edition 3.0, how the methods used are consistent with regulatory documents, and what needs to be taken into account before choosing one or another method and enshrining it in the accounting policy - read this article. The entire sequence of actions and all drawings are made in the “Taxi” interface. The given recommendations can also be applied by users of “1C: Accounting 8” (rev. 2.0).

The procedure for accounting for finished products and its features

Clause 2 of the Accounting Regulations “Accounting for inventories” PBU 5/01, approved. By order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated 06/09/2001 No. 44n (hereinafter referred to as PBU 5/01), it was determined that finished products (GP) are an integral part of the enterprise’s inventory.

In addition to PBU 5/01, the accounting procedure for inventories is regulated by the following regulatory legal acts:

• Regulations on accounting and financial reporting in the Russian Federation, approved. by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated July 29, 1998 No. 34n (hereinafter referred to as the Regulations on Accounting and Reporting);
• Methodological guidelines for accounting of inventories, approved. by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated December 28, 2001 No. 119n (hereinafter referred to as the Guidelines);
• Instructions for the use of the Chart of Accounts for accounting financial and economic activities of organizations, approved. by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated October 31, 2000 No. 94n (hereinafter referred to as the Instructions for using the Chart of Accounts).

These regulatory legal acts provide for various methods of accounting for finished products. The main feature of accounting for GP is associated with the time gap between the moment it arrives at the warehouse and the moment the actual cost of products produced during the month is determined.

On the one hand, finished products must be accounted for at the actual costs associated with their production (clause 7 of PBU 5/01, clauses 16, 203 of the Guidelines). On the other hand, it is not always possible to determine the actual cost of finished products at the time of their release. In this case, the organization can use the so-called standard method of accounting for finished products. The normative method involves the use of accounting prices at which products are delivered to the organization's warehouse within a month and written off upon sale.

According to paragraph 204 of the Methodological Instructions, actual production costs, standard costs, contract prices and other types of prices can be used as accounting prices for finished products. The choice of specific options for accounting prices for homogeneous groups of finished products belongs to the organization and must be enshrined in its accounting policies.

If an organization accounts for finished products at actual cost, then when closing the month, no differences arise in accounting. If the organization uses the standard method of accounting for finished products, then at the end of the month the costs of production are determined and the differences between the standard (planned) and actual costs (hereinafter referred to as deviations) are identified.

Information about the availability and movement of finished products is reflected in account 43 “Finished products”. With the standard method of accounting for finished products, deviations can be taken into account with or without the use of account 40 “Output of products (works, services)” (Instructions for using the Chart of Accounts).

All of the listed methods for accounting for finished products are supported in 1C: Accounting 8.

Organization of accounting of finished products in “1C: Accounting 8”

In order for production operations to be available to the user, he must ensure that the corresponding program functionality is enabled. The functionality is configured using the hyperlink of the same name from the section Main. On the bookmark Production you need to set the flag of the same name.

To set accounting parameters that are common to all organizations in the information base, you must follow the hyperlink Accounting parameters(chapter Main).

Inventory accounting parameters, including finished products, are configured on the tab Reserves.

Analytical accounting of inventories in accounting accounts in the program is always carried out by item items (names of goods, materials, products). In addition, analytical inventory accounting can be additionally established by batches and warehouses (by quantity or by quantity and amount).

Please note that for accounting and tax accounting purposes, the inventory settings are the same.

If in Accounting policy at least one of the organizations has set such a method for estimating the cost of inventories as FIFO, then the flag Inventory accounting is carried out must be set to position By batch (receipt documents).

On the bookmark Production filling in the details Type of planned prices will allow you to automatically fill in the planned (standard) cost of an item in production accounting documents ( Shift production report And Provision of production services).

The type of planned (accounting) prices is selected from the directory Item price types, where all price types used in the organization’s accounting are stored, for example: planned, wholesale, retail, purchasing. The actual accounting price can also be stored here (if the actual production cost is used as the accounting price of the product).

To set the price type for a specific type of item, you must use the document Setting item prices(chapter Stock).

Information about accounting policy settings for each organization is stored in the register Accounting policy, which can be accessed via the hyperlink of the same name from the section Main.

On the bookmark Reserves settings Accounting policy the method for valuing inventories (MP) upon disposal is selected: at average cost or FIFO. Let us recall that the LIFO method has not been used in accounting since 01/01/2008 (Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated 03/26/2007 No. 26n). The LIFO method has been excluded from tax accounting since January 1, 2015 (Federal Law No. 81-FZ dated April 20, 2014).

Props value will not affect the cost of disposed finished goods if the organization uses the unit cost valuation method. When accounting for inventories at unit cost, it is necessary to follow the rule: the name of each batch of products must be unique.

On the bookmark Expenses describes the procedure for accounting for expenses for ordinary activities (except for selling expenses).

If one of the organization’s activities is production of products, then on the tab Expenses the corresponding flag must be set.

During a routine operation in the credit of account 20 “Main production” the amounts of the actual cost of products produced, work performed, and services are reflected.

The cost of manufactured products is calculated taking into account planned prices in the following order:

• costs collected in the debit of account 20 are distributed among the types of products produced in proportion to their planned (accounting) cost;
• the production of a specific product includes the costs collected for the division and product group that are indicated in the document for the release of this product.

The actual cost of manufactured products does not include the amounts specified in the documents WIP Inventory.

Button Indirect costs on the bookmark Expenses allows you to go to the form of settings for accounting for indirect expenses (we remind you that indirect expenses are accounted for in accounts 25 “General production expenses” and 26 “General expenses”).

Costs from account 26 can be taken into account in one of two ways:

• written off in the cost of sales as semi-fixed (direct costing method) to account 90.08 “Administrative expenses”;
• be included in the cost of manufactured products (in this case, costs from account 26 are distributed between the divisions of the main and auxiliary production, that is, they are attributed to accounts 20 “Main production” and 23 “Auxiliary production”).

Costs from account 25 “General production expenses” are distributed between item groups of the main or auxiliary production.

If general business expenses are included in the cost of manufactured products or the organization uses account 25, then you should set up methods for distributing these expenses by clicking on the hyperlink Methods for allocating indirect costs.

By button Additionally on the bookmark Expenses there is a transition to the form of additional installations used in calculating the cost of finished products (Fig. 1). Such installations include:

• the need to calculate the cost of semi-finished products;
• the need to calculate the cost of services to its own divisions;
• determination of the sequence of production stages (processing stages);
• the need to use account 40 “Output of products (works, services)” to account for deviations.

So using a combination of parameter settings Accounting policy, using the program you can organize accounting of finished products:

• at full actual or planned production cost;
• at incomplete actual or planned production costs (excluding general business expenses).

In turn, accounting for finished products at planned (standard) production costs (full or reduced) can be carried out with or without the use of account 40.

For tax accounting purposes, the list of direct costs for production of products is indicated in the list Methods for determining direct production costs in NU, accessed in settings Accounting policy via the hyperlink of the same name on the bookmark Income tax.

Accounting for finished products at actual cost

The actual production cost as the accounting price of products is used, as a rule, in single and small-scale production, as well as in the production of mass products of a small range (clause 205 of the Guidelines).

At the same time, the cost of the same product, but released at different times, may vary. In this case, when selling or otherwise disposing of finished products, they must be written off using one of the following methods (clause 16 of PBU 5/01):

• at unit cost;
• at average cost;
• at the cost of the first acquisitions (FIFO).

The organization must establish a specific write-off method in its accounting policies.

Example 1

The organization "TF Mega" produces souvenir glasses and applies the general taxation system (OSNO). Finished products are accounted for at actual cost, and inventories upon disposal are valued at average cost. At the beginning of 2015, there were no remaining finished products in the warehouse. In January 2015, 100 pieces were produced. finished products at actual cost 30 rubles. per piece, and in February 2015, 100 pieces were produced. finished products at actual cost 60 rubles. per piece The selling price of a souvenir glass is 100 rubles. per piece (including VAT - 18%). In January 2015, a batch of finished products in the amount of 80 pieces was sold. The same batch of finished products was sold in February 2015.

If an organization accounts for finished products at actual cost, then only account 43 “Finished products” is used in accounting without using account 40 “Output of products (works, services)”. In settings Accounting policy on the bookmark Expenses necessary using the button Additionally open the additional settings form and make sure that the flag disabled (see Fig. 1).

On the bookmark Reserves in settings Accounting policy props Method for assessing inventories (MPI) must be set to At average cost.

After completing the document Shift production report the program will generate the following correspondence of accounts:

Debit 43 Credit 20 - for the amount of the actual cost of production (in January it amounted to 3,000 rubles (100 pieces x 30 rubles), and in February - 6,000 rubles (100 pieces x 60 rubles)).

After posting the document Sales of goods and services, a group of accounting entries will be formed:

Debit 90.02.1 Credit 43 - for the amount of the written-off actual cost of products sold (in January it amounted to 2,400 rubles (80 pieces x 30 rubles), and in February - 4,400 rubles).
Calculation of the average cost of products written off in February, taking into account the balance of the batch of glasses at the beginning of the month: ((20 pcs x 30 rubles + 100 pcs x 60 rubles) / 120 pcs) x 80 pcs. = 4,400 rub.

Debit 62 Credit 90.01.1 - for the amount of products sold (in both January and February the amount is the same and amounts to 8,000 rubles).

Debit 90.03 Credit 68.02 - for the amount of VAT on sales (in both January and February the amount is the same and amounts to 1,220.34 rubles (8,000 rubles x 18/118).

Analysis of account 43 shows us the balances of finished products at the beginning and end of February, as well as the volume of produced and sold products in quantitative and total terms (Fig. 2).

Please note that when applying the method of assessing the MPZ P about the average cost During the reporting period, the amount of finished products written off is calculated based on the moving average cost. When performing a routine operation Closing accounts 20, 23, 25, 26 adjusting entries are generated for the difference between the moving average and the weighted average cost. Therefore, if additional batches of glasses are produced during the month, the cost of writing off finished products will be adjusted at the close of the month.

Standard method of accounting for finished products without using account 40

If accounting of finished products is carried out at standard cost or at contract prices (without using account 40), then paragraph 206 of the Methodological Instructions prescribes such accounting as follows:

• the difference between the actual cost and the cost of finished products at accounting prices is reflected in account 43 “Finished Products” in a separate subaccount “Deviations of the actual cost of finished products from the accounting cost”;
• the excess of the actual cost over the accounting value is reflected in the debit of the deviation subaccount and the credit of the cost accounting accounts, and the savings are reflected in the reversal entry;
• if finished products are written off at book value, then at the same time deviations related to the finished products sold are also written off to the sales accounts;
• deviations related to the balances of finished products remain on account 43 “Finished products” (according to the deviations subaccount);
• Regardless of the method for determining accounting prices, the total cost of finished products (accounting cost plus variances) must equal the actual production cost of these products.

In general, this accounting procedure is followed in “1C: Accounting 8”, with the exception that the program’s chart of accounts does not provide for a separate subaccount to account 43 to account for deviations, and deviations are not written off simultaneously with the disposal of finished products, but only at the end of the month.

This approach is due to the following considerations:

• as a rule, the actual production cost of finished products can only be calculated at the end of the month, when wages will be calculated, all material costs, including costs of energy, fuel, etc., are accurately determined, while the receipt and disposal of finished products can be carried out before the end months;
• It does not seem appropriate to keep operational records of deviations between the actual and planned cost of finished products, since these deviations are calculated and written off only at the end of the month when processing is performed Closing the month;
• the provisions of PBU 1/2008 “Accounting policies of organizations” are observed, approved. by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated October 6, 2008 No. 106n, namely, the assumption of continuity of activity, the requirement of timeliness and the requirement of rationality of accounting policies.

To calculate deviations between the actual and planned cost of finished products in 1C: Accounting 8, an information register is used Product cost calculation. When performing a routine operation Closing accounts 20, 23, 25, 26 The following register movements are generated:

• the planned and actual cost is determined for accounting and tax accounting purposes in the context of each production unit, each product group and each product unit;
• The amount of work in progress (WIP) is determined for accounting and tax accounting purposes in the context of each production unit and each product group.

Deviations between the actual and planned cost for each product item are reflected in Certificate-calculation of the cost of manufactured products and rendered production services(Fig. 3).

It allows you to analyze in detail the cost per unit of manufactured products. Help-calculation of product costs(Fig. 4).

After the routine operation Closing accounts 20, 23, 25, 26 The following accounting entries are generated:

Debit 43 Credit 20.01 - for the amount of deviation (positive or in case of savings - negative) between the actual and planned cost for each type of product released in the current month. Debit 90.02.1 Credit 43 - for the amount of deviation for each type of finished product sold in the current month.

You can check the calculation of the amount of deviations for released products quite simply using Help calculating the cost of manufactured products, as well as standard reports on accounts 20 “Main production” and 43 “Finished products”, where deviations are reflected quite clearly.

But how is the amount of deviations calculated in relation to retired products that can be produced not only in the current, but also in previous reporting months?

According to the Instructions for using the Chart of Accounts, when writing off finished products from account 43, the amount of deviations of the actual production cost related to these products from the cost at prices accepted in analytical accounting is determined by a percentage calculated on the basis of the ratio of deviations to the balance of finished products at the beginning of the reporting period and deviations for products received at the warehouse during the reporting month to the cost of these products at discount prices.

Let's see if the program follows the algorithm for calculating deviations attributable to sold products as described in the Instructions.

Example 2

The New Interior organization produces wooden toys and other wood products and uses OSNO. Finished products are accounted for at planned (standard) cost without using account 40. The planned cost of finished products is 70 rubles. per piece

At the beginning of February 2015, the balance of finished products amounted to 200 pieces.

The deviations attributable to the balance of finished products at the beginning of February amount to 448 rubles.

In February 2015, 400 units were produced. finished products.

The actual cost of manufactured products amounted to 30,142 rubles.

In February 2015, a batch of finished products in the amount of 500 pieces was sold.

The numbers in the example have been rounded to the nearest ruble to make it easier to understand.

Let's calculate economic indicators using a discount price of 70 rubles, according to the conditions of the example:

• The planned cost of products released in February is 28,000 rubles. (400 pcs. x 70 rub.);
• deviations for products received at the warehouse during February amount to RUB 2,142. (RUB 30,142 - RUB 28,000);
• The planned cost of finished product balances at the beginning of February is 14,000 rubles. (200 pcs. x 70 rub.);
• The planned cost of goods sold in February will be 35,000 rubles. (500 pcs. x 70 rub.).

Following the Instructions for using the Chart of Accounts, we calculate the percentage of deviations of the actual production cost from the cost at prices accepted in analytical accounting: (-448 rubles + 2,142 rubles) / (14,000 rubles + 28,000 rubles) x 100% = 4.033%.

Then the amount of deviations attributable to products written off in February will be: 35,000 rubles. x 4.033% = 1,412 rubles.

Now let's see what entries the program makes for writing off deviations.

Let's make the settings first Accounting policy, which are similar to the settings for Example 1.

After completing the document Production report During the shift, the following wiring will be generated:

Debit 43 Credit 20 - for the amount of products received at the warehouse in accounting prices, i.e. 28,000 rubles.

Since at the time of the document Sales of goods and services deviations cannot yet be determined, then the products are written off based on the method of assessing inventories set in the settings Accounting policy(in our case - at the average cost). Then, when performing a routine operation Closing accounts 20, 23, 25, 26 the program “brings” the cost of written-off finished products to the actual cost.

Let's analyze the turnover of accounts 90.02.1 and 43 (Fig. 5).

The total amount of turnover for February is rounded to 36,412 rubles. If we subtract the planned cost of goods sold (35,000 rubles) from this amount, we get a difference of 1,412 rubles, which corresponds to the amount of deviations calculated according to the Instructions for using the Chart of Accounts.

Thus, despite the absence in “1C: Accounting 8” of a separate sub-account to account 43 for accounting for deviations, the proposed procedure ensures that the key points of accounting for finished products are met:

• at the end of each month, it is possible to analyze deviations between the planned and actual costs for each item of finished product;
• at the end of each month, the total cost of finished products is always equal to the actual production cost of these products, according to paragraph 5 of PBU 5/01 and paragraph 206 of the Methodological Instructions.

In our opinion, if an organization keeps records of finished products in 1C: Accounting 8 using the normative method without using account 40, then it must consolidate the methodology implemented in the program in its accounting policy.

Let us emphasize once again that this methodology guarantees compliance with the requirements of PBU 5/01.

Standard method of accounting for finished products using account 40

When accounting for finished products at standard (planned) cost, account 40 “Output of products (works, services)” can be used to identify the difference between the actual cost and the cost of finished products in accounting prices. Account 40 is closed monthly to account 90 “Sales” and has no balance at the reporting date. Instructions for using the Chart of Accounts allow an organization to use account 40 if necessary.

In “1C: Accounting 8” you can use the option of accounting for the costs of manufacturing finished products using account 40. To do this, in the settings Accounting policy on the bookmark Expenses necessary using the button Additionally Take into account deviations from the planned cost(deviations of the actual cost from the planned cost are taken into account in account 40).

However, it must be borne in mind that the standard method using account 40 can be applied with one significant limitation: all manufactured products must be shipped to customers in the same reporting period in which these products are produced.

The essence of this restriction follows from the set of regulatory legal documents regulating the accounting of finished products.

Thus, the Instructions for using the Chart of Accounts establish the following procedure for accounting for finished products using account 40: any deviations that arise are completely written off as expenses for the period without distribution between the balances of finished, shipped and sold products. If, with this accounting procedure, at the end of the reporting period there are unsold finished products in the warehouse, then they will be reflected in the balance sheet at standard cost.

Clause 59 of the Regulations on Accounting and Reporting allows for the reflection of finished products in the balance sheet, both at actual and at standard (planned) production costs. At the same time, when preparing financial statements, an organization must be guided by the Regulations only if otherwise is not established by other accounting provisions (standards) (clause 32 of the Regulations). And paragraph 5 of PBU 5/01 provides for accounting for finished products only at actual cost.

As for the Methodological Instructions, paragraph 203 allows for the assessment of balances of finished products at the end (beginning) of the reporting period at standard cost, however, such an assessment is used only in analytical and synthetic accounting, but not in the organization.

Example 3

Andromeda LLC produces products (sports equipment), uses OSNO, uses the standard cost accounting method using account 40. At the beginning of 2015, there were no balances of finished products in the warehouse. In January 2015, 5 pieces were produced. products at a standard (planned) cost of 32,000 rubles. The amount of actual costs amounted to 150,575 rubles. The manufactured products were sold in full (5 pieces) in January. The numbers in the example have been rounded to the nearest ruble to make it easier to understand.

In settings Accounting policy on the bookmark Expenses necessary using the button Additionally open the additional settings form and set the flag Take into account deviations from the planned cost.

After completing the document Shift production report The following invoice correspondence will be generated:

Debit 43 Credit 40 - for the amount of products received at the warehouse at planned prices, i.e. 160,000 rubles. (5 pieces x 32,000 rub.).

When posting document R sale of goods and services products are written off by posting:

Debit 90.02.1 Credit 43 - for the amount of standard (planned) cost of products sold (160,000 rubles).

When performing an operation Closing accounts 20, 23, 25, 26 the program adjusts the cost of production and the cost of write-off of products by postings:

Debit 40 Credit 20.01 - for the amount of the actual cost of products released in the current month (RUB 150,575). REVERSE Debit 43 Credit 40 - for the amount of the deviation between the planned and actual cost of products released in the current month (9,425 rubles). REVERSE Debit 90.02.1 Credit 43 - for the amount of the deviation between the planned and actual cost of products written off in the current month (RUB 9,425).

The balance sheet for account 43 (Fig. 6) shows that despite the fact that planned prices were used in accounting for finished products, the total cost of finished products (accounting cost plus deviations) is equal to the actual production cost of these products, that is, the requirements of paragraph are met 206 Guidelines and paragraph 5 of PBU 5/01.

In our opinion, an organization can establish in its accounting policy a standard method of accounting for the costs of manufacturing finished products using account 40 only if the specifics of production at a given enterprise presuppose that there are no remaining finished products in the warehouse at the end of the reporting period.

IS 1C:ITS

For more information on accounting for finished products, see the “Handbook of Business Situations. 1C Accounting 8" in the "Accounting and Tax Accounting" section in IS 1C:ITS.

General characteristics of account 43

Finished products (GF) are products received at the organization’s warehouse that have gone through the entire production process and comply with accepted standards and technical specifications. GP is accounted for in account 43. Let's consider the general characteristics of account 43.

Account 43 is active, i.e. the balance on this account can only be recorded as a debit.

GP refers to material reserves, therefore, when forming a balance, the balance of account 43 is reflected in the asset. SOEs are accounted for in cost and quantitative terms. This allows you to increase the accuracy of accounting and provide control over the availability and movement of products.

Two sub-accounts can be opened for account 43, depending on the accounting method adopted. Finished products are reflected in the accounts at planned (subaccount 43.1) or at actual cost, taking into account deviations (43.2).

The planned cost is calculated using standard costs for the production of products or the provision of services. The actual one can be determined only after the end of the reporting period based on the actual expenses incurred by the enterprise.

The organization itself determines how it will keep records of GPs. This method is fixed by order and prescribed in the company’s accounting policy.

Balance sheet and postings to account 43

The balance sheet for account 43 allows you to see what prices are used when accounting for state enterprises, the total cost of products produced, their product range and quantity.

Analysis of account 43 shows the movement of SOEs for the reporting period as a whole.

The debit balance at the beginning of the period in account 43 reflects the presence of GP in the warehouse. Debit turnover reflects the arrival of GPs at the warehouse for various reasons. Loan turnover - write-off of GP from the warehouse. Debit balance at the end of the period - the balance of the GP in the warehouse at the end of the reporting period.

The debit of account 43 - finished products reflects the receipt of products. Sources of income can be: production, capitalization of surpluses identified during inventory, income from other sources:

• Dt 43 Kt 20 - receipt of GP produced by the main production.
• Dt 43 Kt 23 (29) - receipt of GP issued by auxiliary (service) production.
• Dt 43 Kt 80 - receipt of the state enterprise as a contribution to the authorized capital;
• Dt 43 Kt 91.1 - capitalization of surpluses identified as a result of inventory.

The credit to the finished goods account reflects the cost of written-off products. Write-offs occur in the case of sales to consumers, use of products for own needs, correction of defects, etc. The main credit entries for account 43 are indicated below:

• Dt 90 Kt 43 - write-off of the cost of products sold;
• Dt 20 (25, 26) Kt 43 - use of GP for internal needs of the main production (general production, general economic needs);
• Dt 28 Kt 43 - use of GP to correct defects.
• Dt 94 Kt 43 - write-off of the shortage of gas supplies identified during the inventory;
• Dt 44 Kt 43 - use of GP for commercial purposes.

Ways in which the cost of finished goods can be taken into account

After the completion of the production process, the finished products are transferred to the warehouse. This process is formalized with appropriate documents. Typically this is an internal movement invoice, but other options are possible.

Finished products must be valued in monetary terms. On account 43, finished products can be accounted for at the following prices:

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• actual;
• normative;
• wholesale;
• free vacation pay;
• free retail.

Actual prices are formed from the real costs of production. All costs from the credit of account 20 and other cost accounts are written off to the debit of account 43. Actual prices can be full and reduced, the only difference is that the reduced price does not include overhead costs. The method is suitable for producing products in small batches. The only negative aspect of such an assessment is the delayed formation of the exact price.

When estimating in standard prices, prices are used that were calculated before the start of production. The most important advantage is that the cost does not change over time. It is also a disadvantage if costs are subject to significant fluctuations. Therefore, this method is most suitable for mass production with a constant nomenclature.

Wholesale prices are based on the size of wholesale supplies and are calculated based on actual prices using trade margins. They are used in the production of large quantities of goods for one consumer.

A free selling price, on the contrary, is needed for “piece” production of products.

Free retail is established for products that will be sold through retail sales channels.

Each of the considered accounting methods is good under certain conditions. Accounting must analyze the current situation and suggest the best way. The prices used to account for finished products at a particular enterprise must be specified in the accounting policy.

It must reflect the following fundamental points:

• how the cost of production is calculated;
• How is the cost of the finished product taken into account?

What is and is not reflected in account 43

Not all products produced should be included in account 43. It is important to know the cases when accounting for income in account 43 will be incorrect:

• the cost of services provided and work performed (documented by entry Dt 90 Kt 20);
• products not formalized with an acceptance certificate (subject to accounting as work in progress);
• products purchased for resale (recorded on account 41).

Accounting for these types of products (services) on account 43 will lead to incorrect formation of the cost and distortion of the size of real costs.

GP is accounted for in synthetic account 43 at actual production costs, which consists of expenses directly related to the production process. These are workers’ wages with accruals, the cost of materials used and semi-finished products, depreciation of machines and other equipment, electricity costs, etc.

At the same time, in analytical accounting, account turnover can be reflected at planned cost or contract prices. Analytical accounting for account 43 should be carried out in several sections to ensure ease of control over the movement of material assets. Usually these are product categories, storage locations, financially responsible persons, etc.

Account 43 reflects the availability and movement of manufactured products intended for sale. The balance on this account is formed only by debit and shows the presence of GP as of the reporting date. In the balance sheet, account 43 is reflected in the asset, forming line 1210 “Inventories”.

The credit of account 43 reflects the write-off of the GP, and the debit reflects the arrival of the GP to the warehouse. The account provides for the accounting of GPs at actual and planned costs. The chosen method must be approved in the accounting policy.

The use of account 43 in accounting is mandatory for manufacturing enterprises. It allows you to evaluate not only warehouse balances ready for sale, but also production costs and output volumes.

To reflect various transactions with finished products in accounting, the 43rd account is used. As a rule, this account is actively used in their activities by industrial and agricultural enterprises. Finished products usually include products and semi-finished products that have undergone full processing and comply with technical specifications and current standards.

The main tasks of accounting for such products are:

• correct registration of operations for the production, transportation and release of products (including documentary);
• control over the conservation of products in storage areas.

How to use account 43

The movement of GP consists of two stages: receipt of products at the production warehouse and shipment of products to customers.

Each of these stages is supported by relevant documents. To account for the receipt of products of own production, the debit of the 43rd account is used. Entries on the credit of account 43 are made when writing off finished products (during shipment, write-off, defects, transfer, etc.).

Acceptance of finished products for accounting can be carried out in various ways.

The main of these methods are reflected in the table:

If revenue from the sale of products that have been shipped cannot be recognized in accounting for some time (for example, during export), before the actual recognition of revenue, these products are displayed on account 45 (“Shipped goods”).

The cost of finished products is written off from the balance sheet by making the following entries:

Analytical accounting for account 43 is carried out by storage locations and certain types of products.

Features of accounting for finished products

To account for products, one of three possible methods is used.

Determine the method by the current accounting policy of the organization:

• accounting at actual production costs;
• accounting at standard cost (at accounting prices);
• direct cost accounting.

Accounting for products at standard cost can be carried out either without using account 40 (reflecting the output of products, services or work) or with it. If the first option is used, when transferring products reflected at standard prices to the warehouse, an entry is made: Dt 43 / Kt 20 (23, 29), which indicates the receipt of products at the planned cost. If the 40th account is used, an entry is made: Dt 43 / Kt 40.

Posting Dt 40 / Kt 20 displays the actual cost of products that were produced by the main production.

Typically, the standard cost of production and its actual cost do not coincide, as a result of which a debit or credit balance appears on account 40, which is written off at the end of each month.

This is explained simply: it is possible to accurately determine the actual cost indicator only based on the results of the month, when the full amount of production costs is known.

Transactions related to the sale of products are reflected in the accounting records by the entry: Dt 62 / Kt 90.1 (reflection of proceeds from the sale). When revenue is recognized, its value is written off from account 43 to the debit of account 90.

Account 43 “Finished products” is intended to summarize information about the availability and movement of finished products. This account is used by organizations engaged in industrial, agricultural and other production activities.

In accordance with the current provisions, finished products are considered to be a part of inventories intended for sale (the final result of the production cycle, assets completed by processing (assembly), the technical and quality characteristics of which comply with the terms of the contract or the requirements of other documents, in cases established by law). Delivery of finished products to the warehouse or to the customer, when finished products are delivered on site, must be documented with established delivery documents. Products that do not meet these conditions are considered work in progress.

Finished products purchased for assembly (the cost of which is not included in the cost of manufactured products) or as goods for sale are recorded on account 41 “Goods”. The cost of work performed and services provided is not reflected in account 43 “Finished products”, and the actual costs for them as they are sold are written off from production cost accounts or account 40 “Output of products (works, services)” to account 90 “Sales”, subaccount 02 "Cost".

Finished products that are subject to delivery to customers on site and are not formalized with an acceptance certificate remain as part of work in progress; Such products are not included in the products accepted for accounting under account 43 “Finished Products”.

Sub-accounts can be opened to account 43 “Finished products”:

43-01 "Planned cost"; 43-

02 "Deviations from planned cost"; 43-

03 "Actual production cost".

Depending on the method of accounting for finished products chosen in the accounting policy, the organization uses subaccounts: -

when using account 40 “Output of products (works, services)” to account for released products, the organization uses subaccount 43-01 “Planned cost”; -

when choosing a method for accounting for finished products at actual cost, an organization can use subaccount 43-03 “Actual production cost”; -

If, when accounting for finished products at actual production cost, an organization in analytical accounting reflects the movement of individual items at accounting prices with deviations highlighted, then it uses subaccounts 43-01 “Planned cost” and 43-02 “Deviations from planned cost.”

The capitalization of finished products manufactured for sale, including products partially intended for own needs, is reflected in the debit of account 43 “Finished products”. If the finished product is completely sent for use at the enterprise itself, then it may not be included in account 43 “Finished products”, but is taken into account in account 10 “Materials” and other similar accounts, depending on the purpose of these products.

When using account 40 “Output of products (works, services)” to account for released products, finished products are reflected in account 43 “Finished products” at the planned cost. In this case, account 43 “Finished products” (subaccount 01 “Planned cost”) is debited in correspondence with account 40 “Output of products (works, services)” (subaccount 01 “Standard (planned) cost”). The difference between the actual and planned cost is determined on account 40 “Output of products (works, services)”.

When accounting for finished products at actual cost in subaccount 43-03 "Actual production cost", its capitalization is reflected in the debit of this subaccount in correspondence with the credit of accounts: 20 "Main production", 23 "Auxiliary production", 29 "Service production and facilities".

If finished products are accounted for on account 43 “Finished Products” at actual cost, highlighting the accounting price and deviations, then the receipt of finished products into the warehouse is reflected by the entries:

Debit of subaccount 43-01 "Planned cost"

Credit to accounts 20 "Main production", 23 "Auxiliary production", 29 "Service production and facilities" -

accounting price of finished products (planned cost, selling prices, etc.);

Debit of subaccount 43-02 "Deviations from planned cost"

W.W.W...I.n.e.t.L.i.b:Ru.

Credit of the same accounts -

deviations of the actual cost of finished products from the planned one.

If this accounting method is selected in the accounting policy when writing off finished products, the amount of deviations relating to these products is determined by a percentage calculated on the basis of the ratio of deviations for the balance of finished products at the beginning of the reporting period and deviations for products received at the warehouse during the reporting month, to the cost of these products at discount prices.

Finished products shipped or handed over locally to buyers (customers) are written off from account 43 “Finished Products” in correspondence with account 90 “Sales”, subaccount 02 “Cost”.

If the supply agreement stipulates the moments of transfer of the right of ownership, use and disposal of shipped products and the risk of accidental damage from the enterprise to the buyer (customer), other than the moment of shipment (for example, when exporting products), then until such a moment these products are accounted for in account 45 " Goods shipped", subaccount 01 "Goods and products shipped".

Finished products transferred to other enterprises for sale on commission and other similar basis are also written off from account 43 “Finished products” to the debit of account 45 “Goods shipped”, subaccount 05 “Goods for sale on commission basis”.

Amounts accepted for accounting under account 45 “Goods shipped” are written off to the debit of account 90 “Sales” (subaccount 02 “Cost”) at the time of recognition of revenue from the sale of products or upon receipt of a notice from the commission agent about the sale of products transferred to him.

When transferring finished products for use in the organization itself, its value is reflected in the credit of account 43 “Finished products” and the debit of account 08 “Investments in non-current assets” or 10 “Materials” (depending on the service life).

The cost of donated products is recognized as other non-operating expenses and is written off from account 43 “Finished products” to the debit of subaccount 91-02 “Other expenses”.

Excess finished products identified during the inventory are accounted for in the warehouse as a debit to account 43 “Finished Products” and are included in the financial results of the organization. If shortages of finished products and losses from damage are identified, account 43 “Finished Products” is credited in correspondence with account 94 “Shortages and losses from damage to valuables”.

Analytical accounting for account 43 “Finished products” is carried out by storage locations of finished products and individual types of finished products.

Table 4.4.

Account 43 "Finished products" corresponds with the accounts On debit On credit 20 "Main production" 10 "Materials" 23 "Auxiliary production" 20 "Main production" 29 "Service production and facilities" 23 "Auxiliary production" 40 "Output of products (works) , services)" 25 "General production expenses" 7 9 "Internal business settlements" 2 6 "General business expenses" 8 0 "Authorized capital" 28 "Production defects" 91 "Other income and expenses" 4 4 "Sales expenses" 4 5 " Goods shipped" 7 6 "Settlements with various debtors and creditors" 7 9 "Intra-business settlements" 8 0 "Authorized capital" 90 "Sales" 94 "Shortages and losses from damage to valuables" 97 "Deferred expenses" 99 "Profits and losses" W.W.W...I.n.e.t.L.i.b:Ru. -

The chart of accounts and the Instructions for its use for accounting for product output provide for account 40 “Output of products (works, services)” (). At the same time, the release of finished products from production can be reflected in accounting without using account 40. We will tell you about standard accounting entries when releasing finished products from production in our consultation.

Product release using account 40

Account 40 is usually used by those organizations that keep records of finished products at standard (planned) cost.

In this case, when releasing finished products from the main production, an entry is made to the actual production cost of the product (Order of the Ministry of Finance dated October 31, 2000 No. 94n):

Debit account 40 – Credit account 20 “Main production”

If, for example, finished products are produced from auxiliary production, the wiring will be slightly different:

Debit account 40 - Credit account 23 “Auxiliary production”

Debit account 43 – Credit account 40

And the resulting deviation between actual and standard costs is attributed to sales accounting:

Debit account 90 “Sales” - Credit account 40

Naturally, if savings are achieved, i.e., the actual production cost is lower than the standard cost, the difference in the above posting is reversed, i.e., reflected with a minus sign.

Let's show this with an example.

In accordance with the production report on the production of products, finished products were produced from the main production at an actual cost of 296,000 rubles. The standard cost of this issue is 300,000 rubles. Consequently, accounting records, incl. to adjust product output will be as follows:

It is important to keep in mind that account 40 is closed monthly, i.e. it has no balance at the end of the month.

Release of products without using account 40

When accounting for the release of finished products without using account 40, the following accounting entries are generated for the receipt of products:

Debit of account 43 – Credit of accounts 20, 23, 29 “Servicing industries and farms”

Using only account 43 (without account 40) does not mean that the organization will not be able to record output at standard cost or use other accounting prices. She just needs to create separate sub-accounts to account 43, one of which reflects finished products at standard cost, and the other - the deviation of actual cost from accounting prices.