2. Factors influencing the location of productive forces and their changes in the era of science and technology.

3. Determination of the type of reproduction of the country's population using the age-sex pyramid.

1. Environmental management. Examples of rational and irrational environmental management.

2. General economic and geographical characteristics of Western European countries.

3. Determine and compare the average population density of two countries (as chosen by the teacher) and explain the reasons for the differences.

1. Types of natural resources. Resource availability. Assessment of the country's resource availability.

2. The importance of transport in the world economy of the country, types of transport and their features. Transport and environment.

3. Determination and comparison of population growth rates in different countries (teacher's choice).

1. Patterns of distribution of mineral resources and countries distinguished by their reserves. Problems of rational use of resources.

2. General economic and geographical characteristics of one of the countries of Western Europe (at the student’s choice).

3. Comparative characteristics of the transport systems of the two countries (at the teacher’s choice).

1. Land resources. Geographical differences in land availability. Problems of their rational use.

2. Fuel and energy industry. Composition, importance in the economy, placement features. The energy problem of humanity and ways to solve it. Problems of environmental protection.

3. Characteristics based on maps of the EGP (economic-geographical location) of the country (at the choice of the teacher).

1. Land water resources and their distribution on the planet. The problem of water supply and possible ways to solve it.

2. General economic and geographical characteristics of the countries of Eastern Europe.

3. Determination, based on statistical materials, of trends in changes in the country’s sectoral structure (at the teacher’s choice).

1. Forest resources of the world and their importance for the life and activities of mankind. Problems of rational use.

2. General economic and geographical characteristics of one of the countries of Eastern Europe (at the student’s choice).

3. Determination and comparison of the ratio of urban and rural populations in different regions of the world (at the choice of the teacher).

1. Resources of the World Ocean: water, mineral, energy and biological. Problems of rational use of the resources of the World Ocean.

2. General economic and geographical characteristics of the USA.

3. Explanation on the map of the directions of the main cargo flows of iron ore.

1. Recreational resources and their distribution on the planet. Problems of rational use.

2. General economic and geographical characteristics of Japan.

3. Explanation of the directions of the main oil flows using maps.

1. Environmental pollution and environmental problems of humanity. Types of pollution and their distribution. Ways to solve environmental problems of humanity.

2. Agriculture. Composition, features of development in developed and developing countries. Agriculture and the environment.

3. Drawing up a comparative description of two industrial regions (at the teacher’s choice).

1. World population and its changes. Natural population growth and factors influencing its change. Two types of population reproduction and their distribution in different countries.

2. Crop production: boundaries of location, main crops and areas of their cultivation, exporting countries.

3. Comparison of international specialization of one of the developed and one of the developing countries, explanation of the differences.

1. “Population explosion.” The problem of population size and its characteristics in different countries. Demographic policy.

2. Chemical industry: composition, significance, placement features. Chemical industry and environmental problems.

3. Assessment using maps and statistical materials of the resource availability of one of the countries (at the teacher’s choice).

1. Age and sex composition of the world population. Geographical differences. Sex and age pyramids.

2. General economic and geographical characteristics of Latin American countries.

3. Comparative characteristics based on the map of the provision of individual regions and countries with arable land.

1. National composition of the world population. Its changes and geographical differences. The largest nations of the world.

2. Mechanical engineering is the leading branch of modern industry. Composition, placement features. Countries that stand out in terms of the level of development of mechanical engineering.

3. Determination of the main export and import items of one of the countries of the world (at the teacher’s choice).

1. Distribution of the population across the Earth's territory. Factors influencing population distribution. The most densely populated areas of the world.

2. Electric power industry: significance, countries that stand out in terms of absolute and per capita indicators of electricity production.

3. Determination based on statistical materials of the main grain exporters.

1. Population migrations and their causes. The influence of migration on population changes, examples of internal and external migrations.

2. General economic and geographical characteristics of the People's Republic of China.

3. Explanation on the map of the directions of the main coal cargo flows.

1. Urban and rural populations of the world. Urbanization. Largest cities and urban agglomerations. Problems and consequences of urbanization in the modern world.

2. Livestock: distribution, main industries, location features, exporting countries.

3. Explanation on the map of the directions of the main gas flows.

1. World economy: essence and main stages of formation. International geographical division of labor and its examples.

2. General economic and geographical characteristics of one of the Latin American countries (at the student’s choice).

3. Comparative characteristics of the provision of individual regions and countries with water resources.

1. International economic integration. Economic groupings of countries of the modern world.

2. General economic and geographical characteristics of African countries.

3. Identification based on statistical materials of the main cotton exporters.

1. Fuel industry: composition, location of the main fuel production areas. The most important producing and exporting countries. Main international fuel flows.

2. International economic relations: forms and geographical features.

3. Determination based on statistical materials of the main exporters of sugar.

1. Metallurgical industry: composition, placement features. Main producing and exporting countries. Metallurgy and the problem of environmental protection.

2. General economic and geographical characteristics of one of the African countries (at the student’s choice).

3. Drawing up a comparative description of two agricultural regions (at the teacher’s choice).

1. Forestry and woodworking industry: composition, placement. Geographical differences.

2. General economic and geographical characteristics of Asian countries.

3. Determination based on statistical materials of the main coffee exporters.

1. Light industry: composition, placement features. Problems and prospects for development.

2. General economic and geographical characteristics of one of the Asian countries (at the student’s choice).

3. Designation on the contour map of geographical objects, the knowledge of which is provided by the program (at the choice of the teacher).

1. National composition of the world population. Its changes and geographical differences. The largest nations of the world.

2. Mechanical engineering is the leading branch of modern industry. Composition, placement features. Countries that stand out in terms of the level of development of mechanical engineering.

3. Determination of the main export and import items of one of the countries of the world (at the teacher’s choice).

1. National composition of the world population. Its changes and geographical differences. The largest nations of the world.

There are about 3-4 thousand peoples or ethnic groups in the world, some of which have formed into nations, while others are nationalities and tribes.

For your information: an ethnos is a historically established, stable community of people that has a set of characteristics such as a common language, territory, features of life and culture, and ethnic identity.

The peoples of the world are classified:

I. By number:

In total, there are more than 300 peoples in the world, each numbering over 1 million people, which account for 96% of the total population of the Earth. Including about 130 peoples have a population of more than 5 million people, 76 peoples have more than 10 million people, 35 peoples have more than 25 million people, 7 peoples have more than 100 million people.

For your information: 7 most numerous nations:

1) Chinese (Han) - 1048 million people (in the PRC - 97% of the total number of people in the country);

2) Hindustani - 223 million people (in India - 99.7%);

3) US Americans - 187 million people. (in the USA - 99.4%);

4) Bengalis - 176 million people. (in Bangladesh - 59%, in India - 40%);

5) Russians - 146 million people. (in Russia - 79.5%);

6) Brazilians - 137 million people. (in Brazil - 99.7%);

7) Japanese - 123 million people. (in Japan - 99%).

But there are nations of less than 1 thousand people.

II. By linguistic proximity:

Related languages ​​are grouped together, which in turn form language families.

1) The Indo-European language family is the largest, its languages ​​are spoken by 150 peoples of Europe, Asia, America and Australia; the total number is more than 2.5 billion people.

This language family includes a number of groups:

· Romanesque (French, Italians, Spaniards, Latin Americans);

· Germanic (Germans, English, Americans);

· Slavic (Russians, Ukrainians, Belarusians, Poles, Czechs, Bulgarians, Serbs, Croats);

· Celtic (Irish);

· Baltic (Lithuanians);

· Greek (Greeks);

Albanian

· Armenian;

Iranian (Persians, Kurds).

2) Sino-Tibetan language group: its languages ​​are spoken by over 1 billion people.

Slightly less numerous language families:

3) Afro-Asian.

4) Altai.

5) Niger-Kordofanian.

6) Dravidian.

7) Austronesian.

8) Ural.

9) Caucasian.

National criteria underlie the division of humanity into states.

If the main nationality on their territory is over 90%, then these are single-national states (Denmark, Sweden, Latvia, Japan, etc.).

If two nations predominate - binational (Belgium, Canada, etc.).

If dozens and even hundreds of peoples live in countries and make up a significant proportion - multinational states (India, Russia, USA, Spain, Great Britain, Nigeria, Indonesia, etc.).

2. Mechanical engineering is the leading branch of modern industry. Composition, placement features. Countries that stand out in terms of the level of development of mechanical engineering.

Mechanical engineering is one of the oldest sectors of the economy. As an industry, it emerged 200 years ago during the Industrial Revolution in England.

Mechanical engineering provides equipment and machinery to other sectors of the economy and produces many household and cultural items.

In terms of the number of employees (more than 80 million people) and the value of products, it ranks first among all sectors of world industry.

The level of development of the economy of any country is judged by the level of development of mechanical engineering.

The following main branches (more than 70 in total) of mechanical engineering are distinguished:

1) machine tool industry;

2) instrument making;

3) electrical and electronic industry;

4) computer technology;

5) railway engineering;

6) automotive industry;

7) shipbuilding;

8) aviation and rocket industry;

9) tractor and agricultural engineering, etc.

The location of mechanical engineering enterprises is influenced by many factors.

The main ones should be noted: transport; availability of qualified labor resources; consumer; and for some (metal-intensive) industries - and raw materials.

Recently, the dependence of mechanical engineering on metal sources has been decreasing, but its focus on labor resources, research centers, etc. has been increasing.

There are four engineering regions in the world:

1) North America: where almost all types of engineering products are produced, from the highest to medium and low complexity.

Largest corporations:

· automobile (USA): General Motors, Ford Motor, Chrysler;

· computer technology (USA): “International Business Machines”;

· electronics (USA): General Electric, American Telephone and Telegraph, etc.

2) Foreign Europe (in relation to the CIS): produces mainly mass engineering products, but also maintains its position in some of the newest industries.

Largest corporations:

· automobile (Germany): “Daimler-Benz”; "Volkswagenwerk";

· electronics: Germany - Siemens, the Netherlands - Philips, etc.

3) East and Southeast Asia: Japan leads here.

The region combines the products of mass engineering with products of the highest technology - science centers.

Large corporations:

· cars (Japan): “Toyota Motor”, “Nisan Motor”;

· electronics (Japan): Hitachi, Matsushita Electric Industrial, Samsung, etc.

4) Commonwealth of Independent States: the leaders in it are Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus.

Recently, the pace of development of mechanical engineering in the region has decreased, although it produces a wide range of engineering products.

Developing countries produce less than 1/10 of the world's engineering products. In most of these countries, there is not mechanical engineering, but rather metalworking, and in addition there are many assembly plants that receive machine parts from the USA, Western Europe and Japan.

But recently in some of them - Brazil, India, Argentina, Mexico - mechanical engineering has already reached a fairly high level.

3. Determination of the main export and import items of one of the countries of the world (at the choice of the teacher).

Using the answer plan below, you can characterize any state in the world.

Take for example, Japan is one of the 7 economically developed countries in the world.

To answer the following were used: statistical materials; maps of world economic sectors; atlas maps of Japan (economics).

Import to Japan (import of products):

1) raw materials: fuel - 49%, ore, for the textile industry (textile fiber), etc.;

2) chemical industry products (acids, alkalis, fertilizers, petroleum products);

3) food products (grain, etc.).

Export to Japan: products, products of the following industries:

1) mechanical engineering (cars, ships, electronics, machine tools, watches);

2) ferrous metallurgy (steel, rolled products);

3) non-ferrous metallurgy;

4) chemical industry (synthetic fibers, rubber);

5) light industry (fabrics, clothing).

From the above we can conclude: in Japan, as one of the developed countries, the following trend is observed: the import of mainly raw materials and food products (preferably from developing countries) due to the lack of its own natural resources; and export of finished expensive products, both to developing countries in Asia and to developed countries - Europe and America.

Ticket number 17

>> Largest nations of the world

§ 5. The largest nations of the world

In total, there are 5-5.5 thousand peoples, or ethnic groups, that is, established stable communities of people in the world. The vast majority of peoples are extremely small in number.

There are 330 peoples in the world numbering more than 1 million people, but they cover 96% of the total population of the Earth. There are only 11 peoples in the world with more than 100 million people each (Table 20), but they cover almost 45% of everything population Earth.

Table 20

Largest nations and most widely spoken languages

Largest nations of the world	Million people	Most common languages	Million people
1. Chinese	1170	1. Chinese	1200
2. Hindustani	265	2. English	520
3. Bengalis	225	3. Spanish	400
4. Americans USA	200	4. Hindi	360
5. Brazilians	175	5. Arabic	250
6. Russians	140	6. Bengali	225
7. Japanese	125	7. Portuguese	210
8. Punjabis	115	8. Russian	200
9. Biharis	115	9. Indonesian	190
10. Mexicans	105	10. Japanese	127
11. Javanese	105	11. French	120
		12. German	100

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October 18, 2013

Planet Earth is inhabited by various peoples. Some nations have a small number of people, while others, on the contrary, make up a significant part of the inhabitants of the entire Earth and are considered the most numerous people.

If you ask a question about which of the nations is the most numerous, then almost everyone in their answer will indicate that they are the Chinese. This statement cannot be considered true, since the Chinese call the name of their people completely differently.

It turns out that the Chinese people call themselves Han. This name comes from the time the dynasty called Han began to exist. The Han Chinese currently account for 92 percent of the population in China. As for the remaining 8 percent of the Chinese people, they call themselves a national minority.

It is worth noting that about 1.2 billion Han Chinese live in China itself today. If we compare this number of people with the number of people who live on the planet, it turns out that the Han Chinese make up 19 percent of the total number of all people on Earth. The calculation of this number of Khans does not include those inhabitants of the planet who are considered emigrated migrants. You can say it another way, namely, every fifth person on earth is Han. So we can safely say that the Han people are the most numerous people.

Overpopulation of the country

The Chinese people have always experienced such a problem as overpopulation of the country. After the first population census was carried out, it was decided to reduce the birth rate in the country. But, nevertheless, the large Khan people did not support the policy that the state sought to maintain in relation to the birth rate.

The whole point is that the Chinese state does not strive to take care of its elderly. Only those who worked in state-owned enterprises, as well as government employees, can count on a good old age in China. If we compare the number of such citizens who worked in these areas with the rest of the number of people working in other sectors, it turns out that there are very few lucky ones who are awarded state support. Therefore, parents have no one else to rely on except their children.

Attitude to fertility

In this country, it has even become a tradition that a child, as an adult, is obliged to take care of his elderly parent. Now it’s worth imagining that if there is only one child in a Khan’s family, then taking care of his parents will not be very easy for him, of course, unless he becomes a rich man. That is why the Chinese people do not strive to adhere to a policy that implies the birth of only one child in a family. So it turns out that the Khans are not giving up their position regarding the birth rate, which means there will always be many of them.

As a matter of fact, the policy that the state previously pursued in China regarding reducing the birth rate, advising one family to give birth to only one child, is no longer so widespread. Among provincial residents, there is a tendency to give birth to approximately one and a half children per family. But as for the national minority, they are characterized by the birth of at least two children in a family.

No matter how the Chinese state tries to reduce the number of children born in a family, even regulating this by law, the Chinese people still want to have large families. In this regard, other peoples should not even try to get ahead of the number of Khans who inhabit today, and will also inhabit the territory of the Earth in the future.

Since it is customary for Han Chinese families to have many children, this people will be considered the most numerous for a very long time, and probably few will be able to overtake them. Although. . . everything can happen.

Only on the territory of Russia live 65 small peoples, and the number of some of them does not exceed a thousand people. There are hundreds of similar peoples on Earth, and each carefully preserves its customs, language and culture.

Our top ten today includes the smallest peoples in the world.

10. Ginukh people

This small people lives on the territory of Dagestan, and its population is only 443 people as of the end of 2010. For a long time, the Ginukh people were not identified as a separate ethnic group, since the Ginukh language was considered only one of the dialects of the Tsez language widespread in Dagestan.

9. Selkups

Until the 1930s, representatives of this West Siberian people were called Ostyak-Samoyeds. The number of Selkups is just over 4 thousand people. They live mainly in the Tyumen and Tomsk regions, as well as the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug

8. Nganasans

This people lives on the Taimyr Peninsula, and their number is about 800 people. Nganasans are the northernmost people in Eurasia. Until the middle of the 20th century, the people led a nomadic lifestyle, driving herds of deer over vast distances; today the Nganasans live sedentary lives.

7. Orochons

The place of residence of this small ethnic group is China and Mongolia. The population is about 7 thousand people. The history of the people goes back more than a thousand years, and the Orochons are mentioned in many documents dating back to the early Chinese imperial dynasties.

6. Evenks

This indigenous people of Russia lives in Eastern Siberia. These people are the most numerous in our top ten - their numbers are quite sufficient to populate a small town. There are about 35 thousand Evenks in the world.

5. Chum salmon

Kets live in the north of the Krasnoyarsk region. The number of this people is less than 1500 people. Until the middle of the 20th century, representatives of the ethnic group were called Ostyaks, as well as Yeniseians. The Ket language belongs to the group of Yenisei languages.

4. Chulym people

The number of this indigenous people of Russia is 355 people as of 2010. Despite the fact that most of the Chulym people recognize Orthodoxy, the ethnic group carefully preserves some traditions of shamanism. Chulyms live mainly in the Tomsk region. It is interesting that the Chulym language does not have a written language.

3. Basins

The number of this people living in Primorye is only 276 people. The Taz language is a mixture of one of the Chinese dialects with the Nanai language. Now this language is spoken by less than half of those who consider themselves to be Taz.

2. Livs

This extremely small people lives on the territory of Latvia. From time immemorial, the main occupations of the Livs were piracy, fishing and hunting. Today the people have almost completely assimilated. According to official data, there are only 180 Livs left.

1. Pitcairns

This people is the smallest in the world and lives on the small island of Pitcairn in Oceania. The number of Pitcairns is about 60 people. All of them are descendants of the sailors of the British warship Bounty, who landed here in 1790. The Pitcairn language is a mixture of simplified English, Tahitian and maritime vocabulary.

According to the most conservative estimates, more than 192 peoples live on the territory of the Russian Federation, differing from each other in terms of culture, religion or history of development. It is noteworthy that they all ended up within the same state borders almost peacefully - as a result of the annexation of new territories.

Peculiarities of peoples' residence

For the first time, a list of peoples living on the territory of Russia was compiled in the middle of the 18th century in order to streamline the collection of taxes. The Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg seriously dealt with this issue, and during the 17th-19th centuries several dozen serious ethnographic studies on this topic were published, as well as many illustrated albums and atlases, which have become very valuable for modern scientists.

At the end of the first decade of the 21st century, the country's population can be formally divided into 192 ethnic groups. There are only 7 nations with a population of over 1 million in Russia. These include:

• Russians - 77.8%.
• Tatars - 3.75%.
• Chuvash - 1.05%.
• Bashkirs - 1.11%.
• Chechens - 1.07%.
• Armenians - 0.83%.
• Ukrainians - 1.35%.

There is also the term " titular nation", which is understood as the ethnic group that gave the name to the region. Moreover, this may not be the most numerous people. For example, many nationalities of Russia live in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug (the list consists of more than 50 points). But only the Khanty and Mansi, who made up only 2% of the region's population gave it an official name.

Ethnographic research continues in the 21st century, and work on the topic “peoples of Russia: list, number and percentage” is of interest not only to serious scientists, but also to ordinary people who want to know more about their homeland.

parts of Russia

Russians are not mentioned as a nation in the current Constitution of Russia, but in fact this people represents more than 2/3 of the total population. His " cradle"is - from Northern Primorye and Karelia to the coast of the Caspian and Black Seas. The people are characterized by the unity of spiritual culture and religion, homogeneous anthropology and a common language. However, Russians are also heterogeneous in their composition and are divided into various ethnographic groups:

Northern - Slavic peoples living in the Novgorod, Ivanovo, Arkhangelsk, Vologda and Kostroma regions, as well as in the Republic of Karelia and in the north of the Tver lands. Northern Russians are characterized by " pooping" dialect and a lighter color of appearance.

South Russian peoples live in Ryazan, Kaluga, Lipetsk, Voronezh, Oryol and Penza regions. Residents of these regions" envelop"when talking. For part" South Russians"Characteristic of bilingualism (Cossacks).

The northern and southern regions are not located closely - they are connected by the Central Russian zone ( interfluve of Oka and Volga), where the inhabitants of both zones are mixed equally. In addition, among the general mass of Russians there are so-called subethnic groups - compactly living small nationalities that are distinguished by the characteristics of their language and culture. These are quite closed and small in number. The list of them consists of the following groups:

• Vod ( as of 2010 number of people: 70).
• Pomors.
• Meshcheryak.
• Polehi.
• Sayans.
• Don and Kuban Cossacks.
• Kamchadal.

Peoples of the southern regions

We are talking about the territories between the Azov and Caspian seas. In addition to the Russian population, many other ethnic groups live there, including those who are radically different in terms of traditions and religion. The reason for such a striking difference was the proximity of eastern countries - Turkey, Tatar Crimea, Georgia, Azerbaijan.

Southern peoples of Russia (list):

• Chechens.
• Ingush.
• Nogais.
• Kabardians.
• Circassians.
• Adyghe people.
• Karachais.
• Kalmyks.

Half of the population is concentrated in the southern part of Russia" national"Republics. Almost each of the listed peoples has their own language, and in religious terms, Islam predominates among them.

Separately, it is worth noting the long-suffering Dagestan. And, first of all, that a people with that name does not exist. This word unites a group of ethnic groups (Avars, Aguls, Dargins, Lezgins, Laks, Nogais, etc.) living on the territory of the Republic of Dagestan.

and North

It includes 14 large regions and geographically occupies 30% of the entire country. However, 20.10 million people live in this territory. consists of the following peoples:

1. Alien peoples, that is, ethnic groups that appeared in the region during the period of its development from the 16th to 20th centuries. This group includes Russians, Belarusians, Ukrainians, Tatars, etc.

2. Indigenous Siberian peoples of Russia. The list of them is quite large, but the total number is relatively low. The most populous are the Yakuts ( 480 thousand), Buryats ( 460 thousand), Tuvans ( 265 thousand) and Khakassians ( 73 thousand).

The ratio between indigenous and newcomer peoples is 1:5. Moreover, the number of original inhabitants of Siberia is gradually decreasing and is not even in the thousands, but in the hundreds.

The northern territories of Russia are in a similar situation. " The past"The population of these areas is concentrated in large settlements. But the indigenous people, for the most part, lead a nomadic or semi-nomadic lifestyle. Ethnographers note that the northern indigenous peoples are declining at a slower rate than the Siberians.

Peoples of the Far East and Primorye

The Far Eastern Territory consists of the territories of Magadan, Khabarovsk regions, Yakutia, Chukotka Okrug and the Jewish Autonomous Region. Adjacent to them are Primorye - Sakhalin, Kamchatka and Primorsky Territories, that is, regions with direct access to the eastern seas.

In ethnographic descriptions, the peoples of Siberia and the Far East are described together, but this is not entirely correct. The indigenous ethnic groups of this part of the country are distinguished by a very unique culture, which was determined by the most severe living conditions.

The Far Eastern and coastal indigenous peoples of Russia, a list of which is given below, were first described in the 17th century:

• Orochi.
• Oroks.
• Nivkhi.
• Udege people.
• Chukchi.
• Koryaks.
• Tungus.
• Daurs.
• Duchers.
• Nanai people.
• Eskimos.
• Aleuts.

Currently, small ethnic groups enjoy protection and benefits from the state, and are also of interest for ethnographic and tourist expeditions.

The ethnic composition of the Far East and Primorye was influenced to a certain extent by the peoples of neighboring states - China and Japan. A community of Chinese immigrants numbering about 19 thousand people has settled in the Russian region. The Ainu people, whose homeland was once Hokkaido (Japan), live safely on the islands of the Kuril chain and Sakhalin.

Non-indigenous peoples of the Russian Federation

Formally, all ethnic groups in Russia, except for very small and closed ones, are non-indigenous. But in fact, within the country there was constant migration due to wars (evacuation), the development of Siberia and the Far East, government construction projects, and the search for better living conditions. As a result, the peoples have become quite mixed up, and the Yakuts living in Moscow will no longer surprise anyone.

But the country is home to many ethnic groups with roots originating from completely different states. Their homeland is not even near the borders of the Russian Federation! They appeared on its territory as a result of random or voluntary migration in different years. The non-indigenous peoples of Russia, the list of which is given below, comprise groups of several tens of thousands of people over the age of 40 (2 generations). These include:

• Koreans.
• Chinese.
• Germans.
• Jews.
• Turks.
• Greeks.
• Bulgarians.

In addition, small groups of ethnic groups from the Baltic states, Asia, India, and Europe live safely in Russia. Almost all of them are assimilated in terms of language and way of life, but have retained part of their original traditions.

Languages ​​and religions of the peoples of Russia

The multi-ethnic Russian Federation is a secular state, but religion still plays a big role ( cultural, ethical, power) in the life of the population. It is characteristic that small ethnic groups adhere to their traditional religion, received " as an inheritance"from their ancestors. But the Slavic peoples are more mobile and profess various types of theology, including renewed paganism, Satanism and atheism.

Currently, the following religious movements are widespread in Russia:

• Orthodox Christianity.
• Islam ( Sunni Muslims).
• Buddhism.
• Catholicism.
• Protestant Christianity.

A rather simple situation has developed with the languages ​​of peoples. The official language in the country is Russian, that is, the language of the majority of the population. However, in national regions ( Chechnya, Kalmykia, Bashkortostan, etc.) The language of the titular nation has the status of a state language.

And, of course, almost every nationality has its own language or dialect, different from others. It often happens that the dialects of ethnic groups living in the same area have different roots of formation. For example, the Altai people of Siberia speak the language of the Turkic group, and among the nearby Bashkirs, the roots of oral speech are hidden in the Mongolian language.

It is worth noting that when looking at the list of peoples of Russia, the ethnolinguistic classification appears in almost complete form. In particular, among the languages ​​of different peoples, almost all language groups were “noted”:

1. Indo-European group:

• Slavic languages ​​( Russian, Belarusian).
• Germanic languages ​​( Jewish, German).

2. Finno-Ugric languages ​​( Mordovian, Mari, Komi-Zyrian, etc.).

3. Turkic languages ​​( Altai, Nogai, Yakut, etc.).

4. (Kalmyk, Buryat).

5. Languages ​​of the North Caucasus ( Adyghe, Dagestan languages, Chechen, etc.).

In the 21st century, the Russian Federation continues to remain one of the most multinational states in the world. There is no need to impose “multiculturalism”, because the country has existed in this regime for many centuries.