The moral feat of man in the story “The Fate of Man” by M. Sholokhov. The feat of man told in the work of M. Sholokhov “The Fate of Man” What feat did Andrei Sokolov accomplish and why

Text based on the story by M.A. Sholokhov “The Fate of Man”

Andrei Sokolov's feat lies in his resilience, devotion to duty, his humanity and compassion for those around him who need his help. These noble feelings were not killed in him either by the war, or by the grief of losing loved ones, or by the difficult years of captivity.

Take in an orphan boy, while realizing the burden of responsibility for his fate.

on the shoulders - not every person will decide to do this, especially after undergoing trials. It would seem that a person, exhausted both spiritually and physically, should lose strength, break down, or isolate himself from life with a veil of indifference.

Sokolov is not like that.

With the advent of Vanyusha, a new stage opens in his life. And the hero of the story will go through the rest of his life with the highest degree of dignity.

Although “The Fate of Man” is a work of a small genre, it presents a picture of epic proportions. The fate of the main character reflects the labor biography of the country in peacetime and the tragedy of the entire people during the war years, his unbroken spirit and fortitude. The image of one person symbolizes the portrait of an entire generation.

Glossary:

• feat of Andrey Sokolov
• which gives reason to consider the act of the hero of human destiny as a feat
• Andrey Sokolov's act

Other works on this topic:

1. 1. The behavior of the main character as a reflection of his inner essence. 2. Moral duel. 3. My attitude to the fight between Andrei Sokolov and Muller. In Sholokhov's story “Fate...
2. When reading the story, the following episodes and facts of his life seem most important for revealing the fate and character of Andrei Sokolov: when he became a driver, then ten...
3. M. Sholokhov's story “The Fate of a Man” is a story about a common man at war. The Russian man endured all the horrors of war and, at the cost of personal losses, won victory...
4. War 1941 - 1945. Victory Day. My generation is almost deprived of the opportunity to hear about those events from the lips of their participants. But there is literature, immortal works...
5. The main character of Mikhail Aleksandrovich Sholokhov’s story “The Fate of a Man” is the Russian soldier Andrei Sokolov. During the Great Patriotic War he was captured. There he stands...
6. Sholokhov's work is closely connected with the era in which he lived. His works are a special view of life. This is the look of an adult, seasoned by the harsh reality of a person...
7. By the end of 1941, 3.9 million Red Army soldiers were captured by the Germans. In the spring of 1942, only 1.1 million of them remained alive. 8 September...
8. Criticism has already written about the story’s peculiar ring composition. Meeting of the author-narrator with Andrei Sokolov and his adopted son Vanyusha at the crossing of a spring flooded river in...

The story “The Fate of a Man” was written by Mikhail Aleksandrovich Sholokhov in 1956 and was soon published in the Pravda newspaper. This is a sad story of the difficult life of a simple Russian driver Andrei Sokolov.

The fate of this man is truly tragic. Quite early on, the hero was left an orphan, as hunger claimed the lives of his parents and sister. Andrei himself, in order to survive, had to go to Kuban and start “attacking the kulaks.”

Returning from there, the man married a “quiet”, cheerful and “obsequious” girl Irina and began working as a driver, then the young family had children. It would seem that life began to get better, but suddenly war broke out, and Andrei Sokolov was among the first to go to the front.

Despite the fact that the harsh military life, of course, burdened the hero, he never dared to complain about it to his wife. He believed that “that’s why you’re a man, that’s why you’re a soldier, to endure everything, to endure everything, if need calls for it.”

In the future, life itself seems to be trying to test this statement of Andrei Sokolov, and is preparing a new terrible test for him: the man is captured by the Germans. This happens when he, without thinking for a moment, decides to accomplish a real feat: to deliver shells to a battery of his soldiers, which is located in a hot spot and is about to engage in battle with the enemy. Andrei himself speaks very simply about his heroic deed: “My comrades may be dying there, but am I going to pine away here?”

Indeed, this man was ready to give his life for his comrades, just like they did for him. In the work, the author gives many examples of the courage of Russian soldiers. Suffice it to recall the military doctor who “in captivity and in the dark” did “his great work”: at night, when the Germans herded all the Russian prisoners into the church, he passed from one soldier to another and tried to help his compatriots in whatever way he could.

The soldiers stoically endure all the trials that befall them in German captivity: this includes unbearably hard hard labor, constant hunger, cold, beatings, and simply bullying from their enemies. In such difficult conditions, these people do not lose the ability to joke and laugh, which says a lot about their courage and fortitude.

Living in constant fear makes Andrei Sokolov and his comrades truly brave. Suffice it to recall the episode where the Germans want to shoot the main character (even before they decide to take him prisoner). At this moment, being wounded, he still rises to his feet and fearlessly looks his possible killer straight in the eyes. Further, soldier Sokolov, despite the risk of being captured and killed, decides to bravely escape from captivity, but, unfortunately, this attempt is unsuccessful.

In the episode when the German camp authorities call Andrei Sokolov to the commandant’s office to announce the prisoner’s sentence of execution, the man shows real heroism. Knowing that he is going to his death, he prepares to “look fearlessly into the hole of the pistol.”

In a conversation with Commandant Müller, the main character also shows incredible courage and dignity: he does not agree to drink vodka “for the victory of German weapons” and refuses a snack, demonstrating to his opponents that, despite his hunger, he is not going to “choke on their handout.”

For the first time in Russian military literature, the heroism of a soldier is manifested not only in the exploits he performed on the battlefield, but also in such a life situation. Sokolov's courage admires his opponents so much that they decide not to kill their captive, but, on the contrary, give him food with them and release him back to the camp.

The second attempt to get out of captivity turns out to be successful for Andrei, and the man returns to his own. But the most terrible news, which will require from the hero no less, and perhaps even more courage, than all military trials, awaits the soldier Sokolov ahead. While in the hospital, Andrei learns from a neighbor’s letter about the death of his wife and daughters, and then, after the end of the war, he is informed that his son was killed on Victory Day.

Such things sometimes break even the strongest and most courageous men, because soldiers live in war and in captivity with the hope of returning to their relatives. But tragic events open up new reserves of kindness and humanity in Andrei Sokolov, and therefore he takes in a young orphan, Vanya, to raise him. This noble deed, like all the brave deeds performed by Sokolov in the war, can rightfully be considered a real feat and a manifestation of heroism in our everyday life.

A special work that raised the problem of personality psychology during the war to a new height is the famous story by M. A. Sholokhov “The Fate of a Man.” The reader is presented not just with the life story of a soldier, but with the fate of a man who embodied the typical features of the national Russian character. A modest worker, the father of the family lived and was happy in his own way. And suddenly there was war... Sokolov went to the front to defend his homeland. Like thousands of others like him, Andrei faced the inevitable and inevitable horrors of war. She tore him away from his home, from his family, from work. And A. Sokolov’s whole life seemed to capsize: the monster of military atrocities became engaged to him, life suddenly began to beat and whip him with all its might. Why was this man punished like this?

Sokolov's suffering is not an episode related to the private fate of a person. The horrors of World War I were imposed on the Russian people, and at the cost of enormous sacrifices and personal losses, tragic shocks and hardships, he defended his homeland. This is the meaning of the story “The Fate of Man.”

The feat of man appeared in Sholokhov’s story mainly not on the battlefield or on the labor front, but in conditions of fascist captivity, behind the barbed wire of a concentration camp. In the spiritual combat with fascism, the character of Andrei Sokolov and his courage are revealed.

Far from his homeland, Andrei Sokolov survived all the hardships of the war, the inhuman bullying of fascist captivity. And more than once death looked him in the eye, but each time he found titanic courage and remained human to the end.

It is not only in a clash with the enemy that Sholokhov sees a manifestation of the heroic nature of a person. No less serious tests for the hero are his loss, the terrible grief of a soldier deprived of loved ones and shelter, and his loneliness. After all, Andrei Sokolov emerged victorious from the war, returned peace to the world, and in the war he himself lost everything he had in life “for himself”: family, love, happiness. A merciless and heartless fate did not even leave the soldier a shelter on earth. In the place where his house stood, which he himself had built, there was a dark crater left by a German air bomb.

History cannot hold Andrei Sokolov accountable. He fulfilled all human obligations to her. But here she is in debt to him for his personal life, and Sokolov realizes this. He says to his random interlocutor: “Sometimes you don’t sleep at night, you look into the darkness with empty eyes and think: “Why, life, did you cripple me like that?” I don’t have an answer, either in the dark or in the clear sun... There isn’t and I can’t wait!”

Andrei Sokolov, after all that he had experienced, it would seem, could call life a plague. But he does not complain about the world, does not withdraw into his grief, but goes to people. Left alone in this world, this man gave all the warmth that remained in his heart to the orphan Vanyusha, replacing his father. He adopted an orphan soul and that is why he himself began to gradually return to life. With all the logic of his story, M. A. Sholokhov proved that his hero is in no way broken by his difficult life, he believes in his strength. I believe that the meaning of the title of the work is that a person, despite all the hardships and adversities, still managed to find the strength to continue living and enjoy his life!

Andrei Sokolov is organically inherent in the “golden rule” of morality: do not hurt others. He is kind and trusting to people, truly loves his home, wife and children, he is caring, helpful with his comrades, and attentive to a person in trouble. He is fair and under no circumstances loses his high human dignity, conscience and honor. His moral ties with people are so strong that even the most difficult vicissitudes of the war could not break them.

And the writer draws attention to one more interesting feature. His hero, first of all, thinks about his own responsibilities to loved ones and comrades, homeland, people, humanity. That is why Sokolov’s fate is a human fate, a people’s fate.

Mikhail Aleksandrovich Sholokhov is a writer whose work reflects the life of his native people at the boundaries that become historical milestones. One of the most striking chapters in the life of the Russian people is connected with the years of the Great Patriotic War.

At the beginning of the war, Sholokhov was drafted into the ranks of the Soviet Army as a reserve commissar, where he became a war correspondent for Pravda and Krasnaya Zvezda. From the first days of the war, Sholokhov devoted his work to serving the people who had entered into mortal combat with the Nazis. Therefore, the deeply patriotic theme - the feat of man in the Great Patriotic War - hushed up the main place in the writer’s works for a long time. During these years, he created the works “The Fate of Man” and “They Fought for the Motherland.”

Russian literature of the 20th century is characterized by close attention to the inner world of man. M.A. Sholokhov is one of those masters of words who, by showing the spiritual beauty of their heroes, reveal the essence of human personality.

During the war, the writer with amazing skill depicted “the main thing that is usually called the moral character of the people, their national character.”

In the story “The Fate of a Man,” published in 1956, the Russian man is depicted with great love.

In “The Fate of Man,” Sholokhov reminds the reader of the disasters that the Great Patriotic War brought to the Russian people, of the fortitude of a person who withstood all the torment and did not break. Sholokhov's story is permeated with boundless faith in the spiritual strength of the Russian person.

The plot is based on vivid psychological episodes. Farewell to the front, captivity, attempted escape, second escape, news of the family.

Such rich material would be enough for a whole novel, but Sholokhov managed to fit it into a short story.

Sholokhov based the plot on a real story told to the author in the first post-war year by a simple driver who had just returned from the war. There are two voices in the story: “led” by Andrei Sokolov, the main character. The second voice is the voice of the author, listener, random interlocutor

In the first post-war spring, two strangers met on the Upper Don soil.

The tragedy and life circumstances of one man stirred the soul of another, who also knew firsthand the price of suffering.

Andrei Sokolov mistakenly mistook a man standing next to an old car for a driver and felt special trust in the stranger.

He lets his adopted son Vanya go play near the water, and he himself told the story of his own ordeals word for word.

In addition, Sokolov saw that his interlocutor was dressed in “soldier’s cotton pants and a quilted jacket,” which means he was fighting. Front-line soldiers always feel their inner kinship and communicate as close people.

Having talked about his pre-war life, the hero “resurrected” the images of people dear to him: his wife Irina, two daughters and a son. Ten years of family life, according to Sokolov, flew by like one day. “I earned good money, and we lived no worse than other people. And the children were happy: all three studied “excellently”... there is a roof over their heads, they are dressed, they have shoes, so everything is in order,” says the hero-storyteller. Such peaceful happiness of millions was destroyed in one day by war.

Andrei Sokolov perceives the treacherous attack of the enemy both as his own misfortune and as the tragedy of the entire people. From the very beginning of the war, Sokolov found himself in the ranks of the Red Army, on the front line. No matter how bravely the Russian soldiers fought, they still had to retreat in the first months of the battles.

Sholokhov emphasizes the similarity of his hero’s military biography with the fate of thousands of soldiers. Being wounded, Andrei Sokolov falls into fascist captivity. Being in captivity, when the enemy tramples his native land, destroys everything that is dear to the heart of a Russian person, becomes a difficult moral test for the hero. “Oh, brother, it’s not an easy thing to understand that you are not in captivity of your own free will.

“Whoever has not experienced this on his own skin will not immediately penetrate into his soul so that he can understand in a human way what this thing means,” Andrei Sokolov said bitterly.

M.A. Sholokhov, making the main character a man who had been in captivity, rehabilitated the honest name of those who, against their will, ended up in German camps and there continued the fight against the hated enemy. The Russian national character of Andrei Sokolov was manifested primarily in the fact that the fascists could not break his will, failed to change his consciousness, and did not persuade him to betray.

Thousands of prisoners of war, despite physical torture, did not submit to the enemy. This is the historical truth.

The writer, through the mouth of the hero-storyteller, conveys the terrible and bitter truth. It is difficult for Sokolov to remember his captivity, but for the sake of the memory of the soldiers who died in fascist dungeons, he continues his terrible story. Sokolov emphasizes that he always found moral and physical support in his comrades in misfortune. If he talks about his time in captivity, as if apologizing to someone, then the story about a military doctor who was captured, but provided assistance to his wounded compatriots, is colored with an intonation of admiration: “This is what a real doctor means! He did his great work both in captivity and in the dark.” Betrayal among Russian soldiers is an extremely rare case. That is why Sokolov strangled Private Kryzhnev, who, in order to save his own skin, decided to betray his platoon commander. And in this, it seems, the Russian national character of the hero was manifested, destroying the one who, in his conviction, dishonors the rank of the Russian soldier.

Sokolov survived in captivity only because he dreamed of breaking free, joining the Red Army and mercilessly beating the enemy who had desecrated Russian soil.

The first attempt ended in failure. Andrei Sokolov, mutilated by dogs and beaten by the Nazis, is put in a punishment cell.

Having reached this episode in his military biography, the hero interrupts the narrative. He does not want to talk about himself, because he believed that others had it even worse in fascist captivity. Turning to his interlocutor, he opens up: “It’s hard for me, brother, to remember... when you remember all the friends and comrades who died tortured there in the camp, your heart is no longer in your chest, but in your throat, and it becomes difficult to breathe... ."

The words about the torture that the Germans subjected people to were spoken with bitterness. In such a simple form, the hero of the story outlined the essence of fascism - an anti-human system, a death machine.

It was the Russian people who destroyed the “brown plague of the 20th century” because we are a spiritually strong nation.

The psychological duel between Andrei Sokolov and Lagerführer Müller is evidence of the greatness of the Russian man. The hero was called to the head of the camp for reprisals. The Nazis loved to demonstrate their power over people; they were sadistically sophisticated in mocking prisoners.

Sokolov rejected the offer to “drink to the victory of German weapons,” but agreed to drink “to his death.” The prisoner proudly refused the snack. He explained to his new acquaintance: “I wanted to show them, the damned ones, that although I am perishing from hunger, I am not going to choke on their handouts, that I also have my own, Russian dignity and pride, and that they did not turn me into a beast, no matter how hard we tried.”

And yet the hero realized his cherished dream, which he cherished for two terrible years. He managed to escape from captivity and move to his own people in the active army.

The joy of liberation was overshadowed by the most terrible news a person can receive: “...back in June of '42,” his wife and daughters were killed during a German bombing. The voice of the hero-narrator trembles, “choking presses” him.

Through the eyes of the author, we see spring nature: “In a forest flooded with hollow water, a woodpecker was tapping loudly... still the same... the clouds were floating in the cherry blue, but the vast world, preparing for the great achievements of spring, seemed different to me in these moments of mournful silence, to the eternal affirmation of the living in life.”

This changed face of the world confirms the truth: Russian people are capable of perceiving the pain of others as their own. Death has been reaping a bloody harvest for four years, and the post-war spring so persistently affirms the triumph of life.

From the story of Andrei Sokolov, we learned about the last terrible loss: on Victory Day, his eldest son died in Berlin. Everything that was dear to the hero-storyteller was taken away by the war.

Koroleva Natalya Valerievna, teacher of Russian language and literature

Literature lesson 9th grade

Topic: Andrei Sokolov’s feat in M. Sholokhov’s story “The Fate of a Man” SLIDE 1

Target: show the heroism of a simple Russian person who survived all the hardships of the war, but managed to maintain the warmth of his soul.

Tasks:

Educational:

improve skills in analyzing a literary work;

contribute to enriching students' vocabulary through lexical work with unfamiliar words;

improve skills in working with the Legal Reference System “Consultant Plus: Secondary School”.

Educational:

develop tolerance;

help children discover the contradiction between legislation and real life;

improve the ability to expressively read and speak coherently;

practice the ability of comparative analysis of documents and works of art;

develop the skill of working with various sources of information in order to search and select the necessary material;

to form independent thinking.

Educational:

show children the value of human life;

to cultivate in the learning process such moral qualities as honesty, kindness, justice, a sense of duty, mercy, and loyalty to one’s word;

instill a love for literature and the history of your homeland;

cultivate respect for the opinions of others.

Methodical techniques: analytical work with text, comparison techniques, independent work.

Forms of organizing educational activities: group and frontal work.

Equipment: computer, multimedia projector, presentation, Legal reference system "Consultant Plus: Secondary School", handouts, workbooks, textbook: Literature. 9th grade. Textbook-reader for educational institutions. Compiled by V.Ya.Korovina, I.S.Zbarsky, V.I.Korovin. - M.: Education, 2010.

During the classes

Teacher's word.

One of Sholokhov’s outstanding works is the story “The Fate of a Man,” published in 1957. It was written relatively quickly, but it was preceded by a significant creative history: about 10 years passed between the chance meeting with the man who became the prototype of Andrei Sokolov and the creation of the story . The author shows the tragedy of our people during the war, talks about the disasters and suffering that befell the Russian people.

Watch an episode SLIDE 2

Teacher's word:

Guys, please note that the story is called “The Fate of a Man,” and not “The Fate of Andrei Sokolov.” What do you think was Sholokhov’s goal?

Pay attention to the features of the composition. This is a story within a story with two narrators. For what purpose do you think Sholokhov chose this structure of the work?

Does Andrei Sokolov's story about his life resemble a confession?

Lexical work.

Confession – 1. For Christians: confession of one’s sins to a priest who absolves sins on behalf of the church and God, church repose. 2.Peren. A frank confession of something, a story about one’s innermost thoughts, views (book).

(Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova, - M., 2007)

The main milestones in the fate of Andrei Sokolov (through a brief retelling of the text) SLIDE 3
Teacher's word:
Let's remember what we learn about the life of the main character from his story and fill out the following table.

Filling out the table.

An example of filling out a table.

Family

House

Happiness

Feat

Captivity

First escape

Second escape

Return to the front

Family loss

Uryupinsk

Meeting with Vanya

Adoption

3. Conversation on issues.

What detail does Andrey’s interlocutor pay attention to? SLIDE 4 (watch episode)

What do Andrei Sokolov's eyes say?

Lexical work SLIDE 5

How can you name the actions of the hero that you remember from the plot?

Feat – heroic, selfless act.

(Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language by S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova, M., 2007, 944 pp.)

Work with text. Reading and watching the episode (first escape). SLIDE 6


Conversation on issues.

How and why was Andrei Sokolov punished?

What human rights did the Nazis violate?

Teacher's word:

After the Second World War, the governments of the world, horrified by the brutality of the Nazis, adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights on December 10, 1948. those states that have signed the Declaration must take into account the articles of the Declaration in their legislative acts.

Let's remember which Russian legislative act reflects human rights? (in which basic law of the state).

Constitution of the Russian Federation

CHAPTER 2. RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS OF HUMAN AND CITIZENS

Article 20

1. Everyone has the right to life.

2. Until its abolition, the death penalty may be established by federal law as an exceptional measure of punishment for especially serious crimes against life, providing the accused with the right to have his case heard by a court with the participation of a jury.

Article 21

1. Personal dignity is protected by the state. Nothing can be a reason to belittle him.

2. No one should be subjected to torture, violence, or other cruel or degrading treatment or punishment. No one can be subjected to medical, scientific or other experiments without voluntary consent.

Article 22

1. Everyone has the right to freedom and personal security.

2. Arrest, detention and detention are permitted only by court decision. Pending a court decision, a person cannot be detained for more than 48 hours.

Article 26

1. Everyone has the right to determine and indicate their nationality. No one can be forced to determine and indicate their nationality.

2. Everyone has the right to use their native language, to freely choose the language of communication, education, training and creativity.

Work in groups with the Legal Reference System “Consultant Plus: Secondary School” “Constitution of the Russian Federation”
Teacher's word:
So, you and I have concluded that the Germans violated human rights. Let's turn to the Constitution of the Russian Federation and determine which rights have been violated.

The right to live(Article 20)

Right to liberty and security of person(Article 22)

Labor is free(Article 37)

Everyone has the right to health protection and medical care(Article 41)

The Russian Federation recognizes and guarantees the rights and freedoms of man and citizen in accordance with generally accepted principles and norms of international law(Article 17)

Teacher's word:

Andrei Sokolov was severely punished for his escape. But that didn't stop him! And he makes a second escape. SLIDE 7Watch the episode.

SLIDE 8 table