Ivan Aleksandrovich Khlestakov is an ambiguous and contradictory personality. The author himself has mentioned this more than once. It is difficult to call Khlestakov a swindler and an adventurer, because he does not impersonate a "significant person" deliberately, but only takes advantage of the circumstances. But the hero has an adventurous streak and a tendency to cheat. An honest person would immediately refute the erroneous opinion of others and would not borrow money, knowing that he would never return it. And he certainly would not have taken care of mother and daughter at the same time.

Khlestakov is a grandiose liar, he deceives everyone so easily and with inspiration, as children do when they compose fables about themselves and their loved ones. Ivan Alexandrovich takes pleasure in his fantasies and even believes in them. According to Gogol, Khlestakov "lies with feeling", without any plan or self-interest.

A young man, twenty-three years old, "Nice looking", the lowest-ranking official, "Simple little girl", poor, and even completely lost in cards - this is how the hero appears before us at the beginning of the play. He is hungry and begs the tavern servant to bring at least some food. Khlestakov came from the provinces to conquer the capital, but due to the lack of connections and financial capabilities, he remains a loser. Even a servant treats him with disdain.

Gogol did not choose such a surname for his hero by chance. It clearly shows associations with verbs. Whip, "Swagger" and expression "Metropolitan hlyshch", which is quite consistent with the image.

The author described his character as follows: "Somewhat stupid", "Not engaged in business", "Clever man", "Dressed in fashion"... And here are the words of Khlestakov himself: "I have an extraordinary lightness in thoughts"... And this is not just frivolity. The hero jumps with lightning speed in conversation from subject to subject, judges everything superficially and does not seriously think about anything. Irresponsibility, spiritual emptiness, blurred moral principles erase any boundaries in Khlestakov's behavior and conversation.

At first, Alexander Ivanovich simply takes bribes, and then he himself extorts them. He is not in the least discouraged by Anna Andreevna's remark that she is married. Khlestakov's motto: "After all, you live for that to pick flowers of pleasure"... He easily moves from the role of a bribe-taker to the role of a defender of the oppressed, from a timid supplicant to an arrogant "Master of life".

Khlestakov, like most narrow-minded people, believes that success does not require serious efforts, knowledge and talent. In his opinion, chance is enough, good luck, like winning at the card table. Writing like Pushkin or running a ministry is a pleasure. Anyone who is at the right time and in the right place can do this. And if fortune smiles at him, why should he miss his chance?

Khlestakov does not go to rank, fame and wealth through intrigue, deceit and crime. For this he is too simple, stupid and lazy. For a long time, he does not even understand why the city elite is so worried about him. Accidental circumstances elevate Khlestakov to the top of the social pyramid. Dazed with joy and drunk, the hero voices his dreams to enthusiastic listeners, passing them off as reality with such a sincere conviction that experienced officials do not have any suspicions of deception. Even outright absurdity and a pile of complete absurdities do not dispel the intoxication of rank worship.

For example, the mayor does not look stupid or naive in any way. "Fraudsters cheated on swindlers", - he says of his thirty years of service. But as if under hypnosis, he does not notice the absurdity of the stories of the imaginary inspector and future son-in-law. All the bureaucratic fraternity of the district town of N believes, like Khlestakov, that money and connections can do anything. Therefore, such a young man is quite capable of occupying the highest office. They are not at all surprised that he visits the palace every day, plays cards with foreign ambassadors and will soon be promoted to field marshal.

I wonder what life "High society" Khlestakov is very approximate. His imagination is only enough for fantastic quantities, amounts and distances: a watermelon for seven hundred rubles, soup straight from Paris, thirty-five thousand couriers. "The speech is abrupt, flies out of the mouth unexpectedly", - the author writes about his hero. Khlestakov practically does not think, so he does not have lines to the side, like other characters.

However, the hero sincerely considers himself smarter and worthier than stupid provincials. A complete insignificance with grandiose claims, a liar, a coward and a windy braggart Khlestakov is a product of his era. But Gogol created an image that carries universal human vices. Today, corrupt officials are unlikely to take such a blank for an auditor, but each of us has a little of Khlestakov.

• "The Inspector General", analysis of the comedy by Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol
• "The Inspector General", a summary of the actions of Gogol's comedy

Khlestakov is the central character of the comedy. The writer managed to portray a hero who contributes to the development of action. This was Gogol's innovation, since, despite the fact that Khlestakov is neither a rational hero, nor a conscious deceiver, nor a hero of a love affair, his image motivates the development of the plot. Gogol finds a new impulse that contributes to this development. In his comedy, everything rests on a situation of self-deception, which becomes possible precisely thanks to such a hero.

The image of Khlestakov is the embodiment

Perfect emptiness and perfect stupidity. It can be said that it lacks its own content. He is a person who does not represent anything of himself without inner fulfillment. Therefore, he can easily transform and play the roles that are imposed on him. Khlestakov weaves intrigue, but we see that he himself is not aware of it. He rejoices at the honors shown to him and does not even try to find out the reason for such a ceremonial reception; he is unaware that he was mistaken for an auditor; he simply does what those around him offer him, and by his actions he is even more affirmed in their eyes in the role of an official from St. Petersburg.

Khlestakov not so much deliberately or deliberately deceives the heroes of the comedy, but rather misleads them. At the first meeting with the mayor, he tries to intimidate him so as not to end up in prison, although he himself is no less scared. In the house of the Governor, Khlestakov lies just as unintentionally, he seeks to rise in the eyes of the audience and therefore invents a dizzying career for himself from a minor official to a field marshal. In addition to the role of an auditor, commander-in-chief, head of a department, he also takes on the guise of a benefactor for the city, a writer and even the fiancé of Marya Antonovna, the daughter of the Governor. He takes one form or another in accordance with the situation in which he finds himself; and therefore we can say that he is practically invulnerable. It can be compared to a chameleon that changes its color not for fun, but for survival.

Such a definition of its essence is reflected in the comparison of Khlestakov with water, which takes the form of a vessel into which it was poured, which was precisely noted by Yu. Mann. Thanks to the sincerity and sincerity with which Khlestakov plays the roles imposed on him, he easily gets out of any situation that could convict him of a lie. Marya Antonovna recalls that "Yuri Miloslavsky" is the work of Mr. Zagoskin, while the newly-made auditor claims that he is its author. What about Khlestakov? And he comes up with an excuse for this discrepancy on the fly, explaining this by the presence of two works with the same title. Khlestakov once again admits inaccuracy in his simple lie, when, intoxicated with wine and his sudden success, he utters a remark: “As you run up the stairs to your fourth floor, you will only say to the cook:“ Na, Mavrushka, greatcoat. ”But officials do not notice this They encourage Khlestakov in his lies, thinking that by doing so they recognize him. The most comic (and tragic) in the work lies in their mistaking the invented nonsense for the truth, and the truth for a lie.

The portrait of Khlestakov is created by the author with the help of the commentary given by him at the beginning of the comedy in "Notes for Messrs. Actors", the replicas of other heroes and his own words. Thus, the reader is presented with the following image: a young man of about twenty-three, "somewhat silly and, as they say, without a king in his head, is one of those people who are called empty in the offices ... His speech is abrupt, and the words fly out of his mouth completely suddenly". Even his servant Osip does not consider his master as a worthy person, but sees in him only a simple "elistress". When the Governor for the first time sees in front of him this nondescript short man whom he would “press down with his fingernail”, he doubts that he is facing a real inspector. But since, due to the haste of the officials' reasoning, they made a decision that an inspector really appeared incognito in the city, since Khlestakov is still the only visitor, and he is behaving strangely, the Governor and other officials do not pay attention to the discrepancy between the appearance and the position "occupied" by him ... Thus, the image of Khlestakov is shown in detail against the background of city officials, which allows us to consider his personality also in comparison with other characters. His stupidity and emptiness is shown in comparison with the stupidity of officials, and it remains to be seen which of them loses in this comparison.

The image of Khlestakov created by Gogol contributes to the penetration of the comedy of mirage intrigue, the meaning of which is to depict the officials chasing the mirage, in wasting their forces in vain. Thanks to the mirage intrigue, the demonic essence of Khlestakov is revealed. He, like a devil, takes the form offered to him by the supplicant, and creates the illusion of fulfilling the request. Also, something mystical is seen in the unexpected appearance of Khlestakov and in his sudden departure - from nowhere to nowhere.

Khlestakov is a capacious and deep image, which contains a great human truth. The Khlestakovs have not yet emerged, and it is not for nothing that his name has become a household name. Much has already been said about the fact that Khlestakov is, in fact, an empty person. But how much interesting and instructive we take out of his image and how deeply he makes us think about ourselves! ..

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Slide captions:

Khlestakov - "nobleman" and "significant person" (analysis of the third act) 1

Retelling of events of phenomena 1 - 3, actions III. Khlestakov tells. Artist A. Konstantinovsky. 2

How does his wife and daughter feel about waiting for someone to show up to tell them about the visiting inspector? How do they behave? Anna Andreevna and Maria Antonovna. Artist P. Boklevsky. 3

What is important for Anna Andreevna? Why do mother and daughter contradict each other when choosing an outfit? Anna Andreevna and Maria Antonovna. Artist P. Boklevsky. 4

Expressive reading of the roles of phenomena 5 - 6, actions III. Khlestakov tells. Artist A. Konstantinovsky. 5

Why did Khlestakov lie so inspired? Khlestakov. Artist P. Boklevsky. 6

Research work with the text Officials, Anna Andreevna, Maria Antonovna Khlestakov "We are even more pleased to see such a person." “As much as possible, sir, you do a lot of honor. I do not deserve this. I live in the village". Governor: "The rank is such that you can still stand." “You, right, and put in magazines? Tell me, were you Brambeus? " "Have mercy, madam, quite the opposite: it is even more pleasant for me." “You, madam, deserve it. Yes, the village, however, also has its hills, streams ... "" No ranks, please sit down. " "Well, brother, we completely mistook you for the commander-in-chief." "Yes, I also put it in magazines ... Why, I correct their articles for all of them ..." 7

Research work with the text Officials, Anna Andreevna, Maria Antonovna Khlestakov "So, right, is Yuri Miloslavsky your work?" "I think with what taste and splendor the balls are given" "This is a composition by Mr. Zagoskin." "The governor and others timidly get up from their chairs." “Yes, this is my composition.” “Just don’t speak. On the table, for example, is a watermelon - seven hundred rubles a watermelon ... "" Oh, yes, it's true, this is definitely Zagoskina; and there is another "Yuri Miloslavsky", so that one is mine. " "The State Council itself is afraid of me." eight

Results of the work Did Khlestakov manage to "meet" the expectations of the audience? The hero ate and drank well. He is happy. Out of the habit of a "little man" he wants to please nice people, so he is ready to do and tell them everything that only they want to hear from him. Khlestakov - A. Gorev. Performance of the Moscow Art Theater. 1908 9

Can it be argued that Khlestakov's imagination is brilliantly bold? Imagination is terribly wretched, but audacious, bold in its wretchedness - brilliantly wretched. Nowhere does Khlestakov go beyond his horizons, his level of understanding. Khlestakov - B.Babochkin. 1936 10

Why do officials believe such nonsense? How do you understand Dobchinsky's words: "Yes, you know, when a nobleman speaks, you feel fear?" Khlestakov - P. Boklevsky. 1858 11

Does Khlestakov himself at this moment believe that his persona causes fear in those around him? He speaks already only in commanding shouts of a scolding tone, he “abruptly” shouts at them; and yet they are both in age and in rank above him; but they made themselves of him an idol who is allowed to do anything. Khlestakov - V. Samoilov. 1897 12

What is the author of the comedy thinking about when showing Khlestakov's "transformations"? NV Gogol shows how real "significant persons" are created - by an absurd mistake, a stupid fear of the environment, which creates an idol for itself. Khlestakov - I. Ilyinsky. 1938 13

Homework 1. Read Act IV of the comedy. 2. Prepare a retelling of scenes with merchants, locksmiths, non-commissioned officers. 3. Expressive reading by the roles of phenomena 3 - 7.14

On the subject: methodological developments, presentations and notes

research. Khlestakov.

Literature Grade 8 Student's surname: _____________________ Khlestakov in the assessment of city residents N Fill in the columns of the table, answering the questions, completing the tasks: 1. How lies ...

TRKM. Semantic reading. Information and communication technology. Problematic dialogue with elements of research work. Literature lesson in grade 9.

"The fate of a man" is the embodiment of the tragic fate of the Russian people during the Great Patriotic War (based on the story of M. A. Sholokhov "The Fate of a Man") ...

1. The historical veracity of the comedy.
2. Officials' visits to Khlestakov.
3. The visit of the merchants and the transformation of Khlestakov into a bribe-taker.
Representatives of the ruling class and the spokesmen of their views in the press, trying to reduce the satirical sound of The Inspector General, after the first performance argued that “it was not worth watching this stupid farce”, that the play was “a series of funny caricatures”. True, in the original edition there were farcical moments in the play, and due to the fault of the theater critics, they were emphasized by the actors. But in the last version of the play, Gogol was able not only to deflect these reproaches, but, adding to the play as an epigraph the popular proverb “There's no need to blame the mirror if the face is crooked”, sharply emphasized the “crooked faces” of his contemporaries.
VG Belinsky wrote: "To the highest degree, artistic comedy is imbued with deep humor and terrifying in its loyalty to reality"
Not only official crimes, brought to general ridicule, make the "Inspector General" a product of great incriminating power, but also convincingly disclosed by Gogol the process of turning a person into a conscious bribe-taker.
For several scenes Khlestakov does not even think that he is receiving bribes. Hearing that the mayor "is ready to serve this minute" and give him money, Khlestakov was delighted: "Give, lend me, I will pay off the innkeeper right away." And having received the money, immediately with a sincere conviction that he will do it, he promises: "I will immediately send it to you from the village ...". He does not even think that he has received a bribe, he does not care why and why the "noble man" lent him money. He only thinks that he can pay off his debts and finally eat properly. Of course, breakfast in a charitable establishment is not perceived by him as "greasing". The next day, recalling this breakfast with pleasure, he says: "I love hospitality, and I confess, I like it more if I am pleased with my heart, and not just out of interest." Where can he guess that they are treating him just "out of interest"!
Khlestakov receives visits from city officials. The first is Lyapkin-Tyaikin, who drops money on the floor with excitement. Khlestakov again asks for a loan and promises to send the debt out of the village. He also asks for a loan from the postmaster. Gogol explains that Khlestakov "asks for money, because it somehow breaks off the tongue by itself and because he already asked the former and he readily offered." The next visitor, the school superintendent, was intimidated by Khlestakov's unexpected questions. Noticing this, Khlestakov cannot but boast: "... in my eyes, for sure, there is something that inspires shyness." He immediately tells about a "strange case" and asks for a loan. Strawberry comes. Having fooled about his fellow officials: "for the good of the fatherland, I must do this," the cowardly official justifies himself. Strawberry expects to sneak away without giving a bribe. However, Khlestakov, having gone into a rage and having already begun to get used to the "kindness" of city officials, returns Strawberry, again asks for a loan and, of course, gets his way.
Finally, we are convinced that Khlestakov does not realize that he is taking bribes, reading the scene with Dobchinsky and Bobchinsky. One of them is a "resident of the local city", the other is a landowner and they have no reason to give a bribe. Nevertheless, Khlestakov “Suddenly and abruptly”, without even talking about a strange incident, that “he spent some money in the city,” asks: “You have no money?” Having asked for a thousand rubles, I am ready to agree to a hundred and is satisfied with sixty rubles.
Only now the thought arises that he is "mistaken for a state person," but that he has not been given bribes yet. He is still convinced that officials are just kind, disinterested people. Finally, merchants come with complaints about the "offense" that they endure from the governor. The merchants ask Khlestakov not to disdain and take food from them, but Khlestakov refuses with dignity: “No, you don’t think that, I don’t take any bribes at all.”
Finally, the meaning of what was happening came to the consciousness of Khlestakov - for the first time he utters the word "bribe", understanding by it material "gifts" from the side of merchants. But then he says: "Now, if you, for example, offered me a loan of three hundred rubles, - well, then it’s a completely different matter: I can borrow.,. Please, I’ll borrow not a word: I’ll take it." And then he agrees to take the "tray" and again, refusing the "sugar", asserts: "Oh, no, I have no bribes ...". Only the intervention of Osip, who convinces his master that "everything will come in handy on the way," leads to the fact that Khlestakov, who considers the "tray" a bribe, which he just refused twice, silently agrees that Osip should take everything.
Gogol very interestingly shows us the course of Khlestakov's internal movements. Perfectly aware that he will not return a single ruble from the "borrowed" money, this hero, nevertheless, does not feel the slightest remorse. But even when the fact of giving a bribe in the form of a "tray" becomes obvious to himself, Khlestakov does not long pose as an honest incorruptible person. He has already turned into a conscientious bribe-taker, and moreover, he has become an extortionist.

The image of Khlestakov in Nikolai Gogol's comedy "The Inspector General"

Laughter is often a great mediator.

in distinguishing truth from falsehood ...

V. G. Belinsky

Khlestakov is the main character in Nikolai Gogol's comedy "The Inspector General" (1836). He is not only the central figure of the comedic action, but also represents the typical character. "Anyone, even for a minute, if not for a few minutes," said Gogol, "was or is being made by Khlestakov .... And a clever guard officer will sometimes turn out to be Khlestakov, and a statesman ... and our brother is a writer ..." It is this hero who is most complete expresses that combination of extreme ambition and spiritual insignificance, arrogance and narcissism, which was characteristic of high-ranking officials. Khlestakov became the personification of a high-ranking official-auditor by mistake, but by mistake it was natural. His resemblance to the envoy of the "top" was striking, and that is why he misled such an experienced person as the mayor was, and all his entourage.

The governor did not notice any differences in Khlestakov from those numerous auditors and high-ranking persons with whom he had met before. Of course, fear overshadowed his eyes and mind, but he must have experienced the same fear during other visits of "big" people. Consequently, the point here is not only fear, but also that Khlestakov could really be mistaken for an auditor.

It was not by chance that Gogol brought a man living in St. Petersburg and an employee of a department onto the stage in the role of an imaginary inspector. Khlestakov was born of the bureaucratic aristocratic Petersburg, He absorbed, like a sponge, all those negative phenomena that filled the capital's society.

The son of a poor Saratov landowner, Khlestaov, serving in the department as a minor official ("elistress"), wants to live on a grand scale, indulge in fun, diligently imitating a secular dandy, pick flowers of pleasure. “Father will send money, how to hold them back - and where to! .. He went to a party ... instead of taking office, and he goes for a walk along the avenue, playing cards,” says servant Osip about him.

Khlestakov, insignificant both in origin and in position, should play the role of a respectable official. The main character traits of this character are irresponsibility and bragging. Having spent all the money and spent a lot on the road, he, nevertheless, imagines how nice it would be to drive up to the house in a smart carriage, and dress up the servant Osip in livery, and as if everyone was drawn to the string only at the mention of his name - Ivan Aleksandrovich Khlestakov from St. Petersburg.

Even courting the tavern servant, begging for lunch from him, Khlestakov behaves arrogantly. Paying nothing for the hotel, he makes claims to the owner, who does not want to understand that this is not an ordinary person in front of him: “You tell him seriously what I need to eat. .. He thinks that like him, the peasant, nothing if not to eat for a day, and others too. News!" Having hardly achieved an extension of the loan from the owner of the hotel, he begins to behave even more impudently: he does not like the food, and all around are swindlers and thieves.

Khlestakov's warlike ardor fades away as soon as he learns of the arrival of the mayor. He fears that the head of the city will send him straight to prison. However, the shyness of the mayor in front of the imaginary inspector strengthens Khlestakov's impudence: “What right do you have? How dare you? Yes, here I am ... I serve in St. Petersburg ... "He suddenly realizes that Skvoznik-Dmukhanovsky is not going to put him in prison, but, on the contrary, intends to render him all kinds of services, mistaking him for" a bird of high flight. "

The image of the mayor receives its brilliant completion in the fifth act of the comedy, and here Gogol uses the principle of sharp switches, moving from the defeat of the hero to his triumph, and then from triumph to the debunking of the hero. In an atmosphere of universal admiration, Khlestakov literally flourishes. In the third act of the comedy, he is shown at the moment of his take-off. With rapture Khlestakov draws pictures of his imaginary life in front of the shocked listeners. He is not lying for any clear motive or clear purpose. Lightness in thought does not allow him to make serious calculations about the consequences of his actions. He lies out of empty vanity, lies in order to boast of his "high" position, lies because he is at the mercy of his imagination. He reveals his dream to the heroes of the comedy and to the audience, which he would like to achieve, but he himself passes it off as reality.

Khlestakov has already made everyone believe that he is an important person, and therefore he takes a warm welcome for granted. At first, he does not even know that he is being mistaken for some important person. After the officials began to supply him with money, he began to realize that he was being mistaken for another person. However, this does not prevent Khlestakov from continuing to enjoy everything that happens.

In the fourth act of the comedy, Gogol shows how Khlestakov arranges a fundraiser, receives gifts from officials and merchants, and examines complaints from the townspeople. Nothing bothers Khlestakov: he feels neither fear nor remorse. Apparently, for this person it is not difficult to commit any meanness, any deception. Without a shadow of embarrassment, he performs the functions of an important official and is ready to mindlessly decide the fate of people.

With extraordinary ease Khlestakov switches from the "state" sphere to the lyrical plane. As soon as the visitors disappeared from his field of vision, he immediately forgets about them. The arrival of Marya Antonovna immediately tunes Khlestakov into a romantic mood. And here he acts, not realizing where his events will lead him, “Lyrical” scenes reveal the character of the hero from a new angle. In his explanations with Marya Antonovna and Anna Andreevna, Khlestakov appears as a man who uses a wretched set of vulgar methods, banal sayings. The hero's amorous explanations emphasize his lack of living human feelings.

It was not without reason that Gogol, giving instructions on how to play his hero, emphasized that he should turn out to be a liar, a coward and a clicker in all respects.

The objective sense and significance of this image consists in the fact that it is an indissoluble unity of "significance" and insignificance, huge claims and inner emptiness.

It is also very significant that the image of Khlestakov is in close contact with the images of other heroes of the play. The mayor, Zemlyiki, and Lyapkin-Tyapkin also have Khlestakov qualities. They are expressed in the complete absence of moral foundations, in exorbitant claims, in the desire to play the role of a person of a rank higher than his own, in the ability to commit any meanness.

I. S. Turgenev saw in the image of Khlestakov "the triumph of poetic truth." He said that "... the name of Khlestakov loses its chance and becomes a common noun". Khlestakovism is a manifestation of conceit, frivolity, inner emptiness, irresponsibility and deceit. This phenomenon has acquired a wide social and psychological meaning. The image of Khlestakov belongs to such - found and guessed phenomena of life.