Orchestra definition for children. Types of orchestras. What types of orchestras are there based on the composition of instruments? See what “Orchestra” is in other dictionaries

The symphony orchestra consists of three groups of musical instruments: strings (violins, violas, cellos, double basses), winds (brass and wood) and a group of percussion instruments. The number of musicians in groups may vary, depending on the piece being performed. Often the composition of a symphony orchestra is expanded, additional and atypical musical instruments are introduced: harp, celesta, saxophone, etc. The number of musicians in a symphony orchestra in some cases can exceed 200 musicians!

Depending on the number of musicians in the groups, there are small and large symphony orchestras; among the varieties of small ones, there are theater orchestras that participate in the musical accompaniment of operas and ballets.

Chamber

Such an orchestra differs from a symphony orchestra by a significantly smaller composition of musicians and a smaller variety of groups of instruments. The number of wind and percussion instruments in the chamber orchestra has also been reduced.

String

This orchestra consists only of string instruments - violin, viola, cello, double bass.

Wind

The brass band consists of a variety of wind instruments - woodwind and brass, as well as a group of percussion instruments. The brass band includes, along with musical instruments characteristic of a symphony orchestra (flute, oboe, clarinet, bassoon, saxophone, trumpet, horn, trombone, tuba), and specific instruments (wind alto, tenor, baritone, euphonium, flugelhorn, sousaphone and etc.), which are not found in other types of orchestras.

In our country, military brass bands are extremely popular, performing, along with pop and jazz compositions, special applied military music: fanfares, marches, anthems and the so-called gardening repertoire - waltzes and ancient marches. Brass orchestras are much more mobile than symphony and chamber orchestras; they can perform music while moving. There is a special genre of performance - an orchestral fashion show, in which the performance of music by a brass band is combined with the simultaneous performance of complex choreographic performances by musicians.

In large opera and ballet theaters you can find special brass bands - theatrical bands. The gangs participate directly in the stage production itself, where, according to the plot, the musicians are acting characters.

Pop

As a rule, this is a special composition of a small symphony orchestra (pop symphony orchestra), which includes, among other things, a group of saxophones, specific keyboards, electronic instruments (synthesizer, electric guitar, etc.) and a pop rhythm section.

Jazz

A jazz orchestra (band) consists, as a rule, of a brass group, which includes groups of trumpets, trombones and saxophones expanded in comparison with other orchestras, a string group represented by violins and double bass, as well as a jazz rhythm section.

Folk Instruments Orchestra

One of the options for a folk ensemble is an orchestra of Russian folk instruments. It consists of groups of balalaikas and domras, includes gusli, button accordions, special Russian wind instruments - horns and zhaleikas. Such orchestras often include instruments typical of a symphony orchestra - flutes, oboes, horns and percussion instruments. The idea of ​​creating such an orchestra was proposed by balalaika player Vasily Andreev at the end of the 19th century.

The orchestra of Russian folk instruments is not the only type of folk ensemble. There are, for example, Scottish bagpipe bands, Mexican wedding bands, which feature a group of various guitars, trumpets, ethnic percussion, etc.

Historical sketch

The very idea of ​​a group of instrumental performers simultaneously playing music goes back to ancient times: back in Ancient Egypt, small groups of musicians played together at various holidays and funerals.

The word “orchestra” (“orchestra”) comes from the name of the round platform in front of the stage in the ancient Greek theater, which housed the ancient Greek choir, a participant in any tragedy or comedy. During the Renaissance and further in the 17th century, the orchestra was transformed into an orchestra pit and, accordingly, gave its name to the group of musicians housed in it.

Symphony Orchestra

Symphony orchestra and choir

A symphonic orchestra is an orchestra made up of several different groups of instruments - a family of strings, winds and percussion. The principle of such unification developed in Europe in the 18th century. Initially, the symphony orchestra included groups of bowed instruments, woodwind and brass instruments, to which were attached a few percussion musical instruments. Subsequently, the composition of each of these groups expanded and diversified. Currently, among a number of varieties of symphony orchestras, it is customary to distinguish small And big Symphony Orchestra. A small symphony orchestra is an orchestra of predominantly classical composition (playing music of the late 18th - early 19th centuries, or modern stylizations). It consists of 2 flutes (rarely a small flute), 2 oboes, 2 clarinets, 2 bassoons, 2 (rarely 4) horns, sometimes 2 trumpets and timpani, a string group of no more than 20 instruments (5 first and 4 second violins, 4 violas, 3 cellos, 2 double basses). The Big Symphony Orchestra (BSO) includes obligatory trombones in the brass group and can have any composition. Often wooden instruments (flutes, oboes, clarinets and bassoons) reach up to 5 instruments of each family (sometimes there are more clarinets) and include varieties (small and alto flutes, Cupid oboe and English oboe, small, alto and bass clarinets, contrabassoon). The brass group can include up to 8 horns (including special Wagner tubas), 5 trumpets (including snare, alto, bass), 3-5 trombones (tenor and tenorbass) and tuba. Saxophones are used very often (all 4 types, see jazz orchestra). The string group reaches 60 or more instruments. There are numerous percussion instruments (although timpani, bells, small and large drums, triangle, cymbals and the Indian tom-tom form their backbone), the harp, piano, and harpsichord are often used.

Brass band

A brass band is an orchestra consisting exclusively of wind and percussion instruments. The basis of the brass band is made up of brass instruments, the leading role in the brass band among the brass instruments is played by the wide-bore brass instruments of the flugelhorn group - soprano-flugelhorns, cornets, altohorns, tenorhorns, baritone euphoniums, bass and double bass tubas, (note in the symphony orchestra only one double bass tuba is used). Parts of narrow-bore brass instruments trumpets, horns, and trombones are superimposed on their basis. Woodwind instruments are also used in brass bands: flutes, clarinets, saxophones, and in larger ensembles - oboes and bassoons. In large brass bands, wooden instruments are repeatedly doubled (like strings in a symphony orchestra), varieties are used (especially small flutes and clarinets, English oboe, viola and bass clarinet, sometimes double bass clarinet and contrabassoon, alto flute and amour oboe are used quite rarely). The wooden group is divided into two subgroups, similar to the two subgroups of brass: clarinet-saxophone (bright-sounding single-reed instruments - there are slightly more of them in number) and a group of flutes, oboes and bassoons (weaker in sound than clarinets, double-reed and whistle instruments) . The group of horns, trumpets and trombones is often divided into ensembles; trumpets (small trumpets, rarely alto and bass) and trombones (bass) are used. In such orchestras there is a large group of percussion, the basis of which is the same timpani and the “Janissary group”: small, cylindrical and large drums, cymbals, a triangle, as well as a tambourine, castanets and tom-toms. Possible keyboard instruments are piano, harpsichord, synthesizer (or organ) and harps. A large brass band can play not only marches and waltzes, but also overtures, concertos, opera arias and even symphonies. The gigantic combined brass bands in parades are actually based on doubling all the instruments and their composition is very poor. These are just multiply enlarged small brass bands without oboes, bassoons and with a small number of saxophones. The brass band is distinguished by its powerful, bright sonority and therefore is often used not in closed spaces, but in the open air (for example, accompanying a procession). It is typical for a brass band to perform military music, as well as popular dances of European origin (so-called garden music) - waltzes, polkas, mazurkas. Recently, garden music brass bands have been changing their composition, merging with orchestras of other genres. So, when performing Creole dances - tango, foxtrot, blues jive, rumba, salsa, elements of jazz are used: instead of a Janissary drum group, a jazz drum set (1 performer) and a number of Afro-Creole instruments (see jazz orchestra). In such cases, keyboard instruments (piano, organ) and harp are increasingly used.

String orchestra

A string orchestra is essentially a group of bowed string instruments in a symphony orchestra. The string orchestra consists of two groups of violins ( first violins and second violins), as well as violas, cellos and double basses. This type of orchestra has been known since the 16th-17th centuries.

Folk Instruments Orchestra

In various countries, orchestras made up of folk instruments have become widespread, performing both transcriptions of works written for other ensembles and original compositions. As an example, we can name an orchestra of Russian folk instruments, which includes instruments of the domra and balalaika family, as well as gusli, accordion, zhaleika, rattles, whistles and other instruments. The idea to create such an orchestra was proposed at the end of the 19th century by the balalaika player Vasily Andreev. In some cases, such an orchestra additionally includes instruments that are actually not folk instruments: flutes, oboes, various bells and many percussion instruments.

Variety orchestra

A pop orchestra is a group of musicians performing pop and jazz music. A pop orchestra consists of strings, winds (including saxophones, which are usually not represented in the wind groups of symphony orchestras), keyboards, percussion and electric musical instruments.

A pop symphony orchestra is a large instrumental composition capable of combining the performing principles of various types of musical art. The variety part is represented in such compositions by a rhythm group (drum set, percussion, piano, synthesizer, guitar, bass guitar) and a full big band (groups of trumpets, trombones and saxophones); symphonic - a large group of string instruments, a group of woodwinds, timpani, harp and others.

The predecessor of the pop symphony orchestra was symphonic jazz, which arose in the USA in the 20s. and created the concert style of popular-entertainment and dance-jazz music. In line with symphonic jazz, the domestic orchestras of L. Teplitsky (“Concert Jazz Band”, 1927) and the State Jazz Orchestra under the direction of V. Knushevitsky (1937) performed. The term “Variety Symphony Orchestra” appeared in 1954. This became the name of the Variety Orchestra of the All-Union Radio and Television under the direction of Y. Silantyev, created in 1945. In 1983, after the death of Silantyev, it was led by A. Petukhov, then M. Kazhlaev. The variety and symphony orchestras also included the orchestras of the Moscow Hermitage Theater, the Moscow and Leningrad Variety Theatres, the Blue Screen Orchestra (director B. Karamyshev), the Leningrad Concert Orchestra (director A. Badchen), the State Variety Orchestra of the Latvian SSR under the direction of Raymond Pauls, State Pop Symphony Orchestra of Ukraine, Presidential Orchestra of Ukraine, etc.

Most often, pop symphony orchestras are used during song gala performances, television competitions, and less often for the performance of instrumental music. Studio work (recording music for radio and cinema, on sound media, creating phonograms) prevails over concert work. Pop symphony orchestras have become a kind of laboratory for domestic, light and jazz music.

Jazz orchestra

A jazz orchestra is one of the most interesting and unique phenomena of modern music. Having emerged later than all other orchestras, it began to influence other forms of music - chamber, symphonic, and brass band music. Jazz uses many of the instruments of a symphony orchestra, but has a quality that is radically different from all other forms of orchestral music.

The main quality that distinguishes jazz from European music is the greater role of rhythm (much greater than in a military march or waltz). In this regard, in any jazz orchestra there is a special group of instruments - the rhythm section. A jazz orchestra has one more feature - the predominant role of jazz improvisation leads to noticeable variability in its composition. However, there are several types of jazz orchestras (about 7-8): chamber combo (although this is the area of ​​the ensemble, it must be indicated, since it is the essence of the rhythm section), Dixieland chamber ensemble, small jazz orchestra - small big band , large jazz orchestra without strings - big band, large jazz orchestra with strings (not symphonic type) - extended big band, symphonic jazz orchestra.

The rhythm section of all types of jazz orchestras usually includes drums, plucked strings, and keyboards. This is a jazz drum kit (1 player) consisting of several rhythm cymbals, several accent cymbals, several tom-toms (either Chinese or African), pedal cymbals, a snare drum and a special type of bass drum of African origin - the "Ethiopian (Kenyan) kick drum "(its sound is much softer than the Turkish bass drum). In many styles of southern jazz and Latin American music (rumba, salsa, tango, samba, cha-cha-cha, etc.), additional drums are used: a set of congo-bongo drums, maracas (chocalos, cabasas), bells, wooden boxes, Senegalese bells (agogo), clave, etc. Other instruments of the rhythm section that already hold the melodic-harmonic pulse: piano, guitar or banjo (a special type of North African guitar), acoustic bass guitar or double bass (played only by plucking). In large orchestras, sometimes there are several guitars, a guitar along with a banjo, both types of bass. The rarely used tuba is the rhythm section's wind bass instrument. In large orchestras (big bands of all 3 types and symphonic jazz) they often use vibraphone, marimba, flexatone, ukulele, blues guitar (both of the latter are slightly electrified, along with bass), but these instruments are no longer part of the rhythm section.

Other jazz orchestra groups depend on its type. The combo usually has 1-2 soloists (saxophone, trumpet or bow soloist: violin or viola). Examples: ModernJazzQuartet, JazzMessenjers.

Dixieland has 1-2 trumpets, 1 trombone, clarinet or soprano saxophone, sometimes alto or tenor saxophone, 1-2 violins. The Dixieland rhythm section uses the banjo more often than the guitar. Examples: Armstrong ensemble (USA), Tsfasman ensemble (USSR).

A small big band may have 3 trumpets, 1-2 trombones, 3-4 saxophones (soprano = tenor, alto, baritone, everyone also plays clarinets), 3-4 violins, sometimes a cello. Examples: Ellington's First Orchestra 29-35 (USA), Bratislava Hot Serenaders (Slovakia).

In a large big band there are usually 4 trumpets (1-2 play high soprano parts at the level of small ones with special mouthpieces), 3-4 trombones (4 trombone tenor-double bass or tenor bass, sometimes 3), 5 saxophones (2 altos, 2 tenors = soprano, baritone).

An extended big band can have up to 5 trumpets (with individual trumpets), up to 5 trombones, additional saxophones and clarinets (5-7 general saxophones and clarinets), bowed strings (no more than 4 - 6 violins, 2 violas, 3 cellos) , sometimes horn, flute, small flute (only in the USSR). Similar experiments in jazz were carried out in the USA by Duke Ellington, Artie Shaw, Glenn Miller, Stanley Kenton, Count Basie, in Cuba - Paquito d'Rivera, Arturo Sandoval, in the USSR - Eddie Rosner, Leonid Utyosov.

A symphonic jazz orchestra includes a large string group (40-60 performers), and bowed double basses are possible (in a big band there can only be bowed cellos, the double bass is a member of the rhythm section). But the main thing is the use of flutes, rare for jazz (in all types from small to bass), oboes (all 3-4 types), horns and bassoons (and contrabassoon), which are not at all typical for jazz. Clarinets are complemented by bass, viola, and small clarinet. Such an orchestra can perform symphonies and concerts specially written for it, and participate in operas (Gershwin). Its peculiarity is a pronounced rhythmic pulse, which is not found in a regular symphony orchestra. What should be distinguished from a symphonic jazz orchestra is its complete aesthetic opposite - a pop orchestra, based not on jazz, but on beat music.

Special types of jazz orchestras are the brass jazz band (a brass band with a jazz rhythm section, including a guitar group and with a reduced role of flugelhorns), a church jazz band ( currently exists only in Latin American countries, includes an organ, choir, church bells, the entire rhythm section, drums without bells and agogos, saxophones, clarinets, trumpets, trombones, bowed strings), a jazz-rock ensemble (the Miles Davis group, from the Soviets - “Arsenal”, etc. .).

Military band

Military band, brass band, which is a regular unit of a military unit.

School orchestra

A group of musicians consisting of school students, led, as a rule, by a teacher of primary music education. For musicians it is often the starting point of their future musical career.

Notes

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Verges, Paul

See what “Orchestra” is in other dictionaries: ORCHESTRA - (Greek orchestra). 1) everything is connected. several instruments together. 2) a place in the theater where the musicians are located. Dictionary of foreign words included in the Russian language. Chudinov A.N., 1910. ORCHESTRA Greek. orchestra. a) The composition of the choir of musicians...

Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language- a, m. orchestra m., German. Orchester lat. orchestra gr. 1. Ensemble of musical instruments. BASS 1. Piece for string orchestra. BAS 1. 2. A group of musicians performing a piece of music together on different instruments. BAS 1.… … Historical Dictionary of Gallicisms of the Russian Language

Efremova's Dictionary

Orchestra

1. m.
   1. A group of musicians performing a piece of music together on various instruments.
   2. :
      1. Ensemble of musical instruments.
      2. Part of an ensemble of musical instruments in complex musical works.
   3. The area in front of the stage where the musicians sit.

Culturology. Dictionary-reference book

Orchestra

a large group of musicians performing musical works together. Depending on the composition of musical instruments, orchestras are distinguished: symphonic, consisting of bowed, wind and percussion instruments; string (or chamber) - from bowed instruments; wind - from wind instruments (wood, brass and percussion); various types of orchestras of folk instruments, pop, jazz, etc.

encyclopedic Dictionary

Orchestra

(from an orchestra), a group of musicians (12 people or more) playing various instruments and performing musical works together. Term "orchestra" in the 17th-18th centuries. replaced the term common in European countries "chapel". The composition of the orchestra differs from strings, folk instruments, brass, symphony, etc.; by genre - pop, jazz, military. The chamber orchestra is characterized by a small number of performers.

Ozhegov's Dictionary

ORC E STR, A, m.

1. A group of musicians performing music together on various instruments. Symphonic, wind, string, jazz o. Chamber o. O. folk instruments.

2. The place in front of the stage where the musicians are located.

| adj. orchestral, oh, oh. Orchestral music. Orchestra pit (recessed place for the orchestra in front of the stage).

Ushakov's Dictionary

Orchestra

orke page, orchestra, husband.(from Greek orchestra - a place for dancing in front of the stage).

1. Ensemble of musical instruments. Symphony orchestra concert. Piece for string orchestra. Brass band.

| A group of instrumental music performers. Played orchestra.

| Ensemble part in complex musical works ( music). Concerto for piano and orchestra.

2. Room for musicians in the opera house. Places in the orchestra.

Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language

Orchestra

French - orchestra.

German – Orchester.

Italian and English – orchestra.

Latin – orchestra (place for dancing).

In Russian, the word “orchestra” has been known since the middle of the 18th century, probably coming from French.

In Ancient Greece, an orchestra was a place for dancing in front of an audience or choir. In ancient Rome, the orchestra was the name given to the front seats in the theater, reserved for senators and noble citizens. In Russia, the orchestra began to be called the place where the musical ensemble was located, and then the musical ensemble itself.

Derivative: orchestral.

Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron

Orchestra

(orchestra - Greek) - in a modern theater, a room for performing musicians, between the stage and the auditorium. This name was transferred to the performers of instrumental music, as well as to the composition of the instruments played by those participating in O. To orchestrate or instrumentalize means to write a composition for an orchestra (see Instrumentation). O. can be large and small. A large modern symphony orchestra includes all orchestral instruments currently in use (see Instrument); The small orchestra includes a string group, flutes, clarinets, oboes, bassoons, horns, and timpani. There is also a string instrument, composed exclusively of stringed instruments. Military music includes only wind and percussion instruments. They also talk about the O. of the 17th century, the O. Handel, Beethoven, etc., to indicate the character and composition of the O. and the orchestration of this or that time, of this or that composer. Included in O. XVII century. included, for example, lutes, cymbals, harps, which were subsequently excluded from it. Under Francesco Cavalli, the importance of violins as leadership instruments began to rise. O. received a completely new meaning under Joseph Haydn and later composers (see Instrumentation).

N.S.

Dictionary of musical terms

Orchestra

(gr. orchestra - area in front of the stage in an ancient Greek theater)

1. The place in front of the stage where in Ancient Greece the choir was located, accompanying the stage action of the tragedy.

2. The place in front of the stage in a musical theater where the orchestra is located (orchestra pit).

3. A group of instrumental musicians united to perform music together.

According to their composition, orchestras are divided into the following main types:

1) Symphonic - small or classical; grand symphonic (opera-symphonic). These orchestras include instruments from all groups.

2) Stringed - consisting only of stringed instruments.

3) Brass - consisting of wood and metal wind instruments and a percussion group: small (brass), small mixed, medium mixed, large mixed.

4) Orchestras of folk instruments - Russian, Ukrainian, Kazakh, Uzbek, etc., Neapolitan orchestra.

5) Noise orchestras, which mainly include percussion instruments.

6) Pop orchestras.

7) Orchestras of electromusical instruments.

The development of orchestras was determined by the evolution of instruments (invention of new ones, improvement of old ones, disappearance of obsolete ones, etc.), the development of orchestral performance, and changes in the orchestral thinking of composers. The work of L. Beethoven, G. Berlioz, R. Wagner, N. Rimsky-Korsakov, I. Stravinsky, A. Scriabin, G. Mahler and others had a great influence on the development of orchestras. The desire to enrich the timbre palette of orchestras led to the inclusion of power instruments, the use of tape recording, the division of orchestras into spatial groups, etc.

In Ancient Greece, orchestra was the name given to the place in front of the stage where the choir was placed during the performance of tragedies. Much later, during the heyday of musical art in Europe, large ensembles of musicians who jointly performed instrumental pieces of music began to be called an orchestra. A variety of instruments participated in these ensembles. The composition of the orchestra was not constant for a long time. As a rule, rich nobles had orchestras. The number of musicians and the choice of instruments depended on the wealth and tastes of the owner. Gradually, certain types of orchestra emerged in musical practice.
The most complete and perfect sounding among them is the symphony orchestra. You have, of course, heard the brass and pop orchestras, orchestras of Russian folk instruments. orchestras of instruments of other peoples of the USSR. Nowadays, it is perhaps difficult to find a person who has never heard the sound of a symphony orchestra. A symphony orchestra performs symphonies and suites, symphonic poems and fantasies, sometimes accompanies the action in a film, participates in the performance of operas and oratorios, and competes with soloists in instrumental concerts. Many different instruments make up a symphony orchestra. Some are played with a bow, moving it along a string. Others need to be blown to make sound. There are tools that need to be hit. So the main groups were determined into which all instruments are divided: bowed strings, wind instruments - wood and brass, and percussion. Sometimes the orchestra includes a harp, piano, and organ. If you look at a photograph or diagram of a symphony orchestra, you will understand that the orchestra members sit not as anyone wants, but in a strictly defined order. Previously, in all the orchestras of the world, the performers sat the same way: on the left in front are the first violins (the most important instruments in the orchestra, performing beautiful, expressive melodies, they are located in the “main place”), on the right - the second, behind the second violins - violas, in the center - cellos, behind them are woodwinds.
Now there are several options for seating an orchestra, depending on the will of the conductor and the characteristics of the piece being performed. But one thing remains unchanged: the instruments are arranged in groups - all brass instruments (horns, trumpets, trombones and tubas) next to each other, all wood instruments (flutes, oboes, clarinets, bassoons) together, bowed strings (violins, violas, cellos and double basses) are also grouped separately. There are many string instruments in the orchestra. There are from ten to eighteen first violins, from eight to sixteen second violins, from six to fourteen violas, from six to twelve cellos, and from four to eight double basses. This can be explained simply: the sound of string instruments is the weakest. Compare, for example, the sound of a violin and a trombone: if they play simultaneously, the violin will not be heard at all, no matter how loudly the violinist tries to play. To balance sonority, a large string group is needed in an orchestra. That is why the strings are always located closer than all other instruments to the conductor, to the listeners. With wind instruments the situation is different. There are two or three main wooden instruments in an orchestra, or one additional one, which is called a type (depending on this, the composition of the orchestra is called double or triple): this is a piccolo flute (small flute), a type of oboe - English horn, bass clarinet and contrabassoon. Of the brass instruments in the orchestra, there are usually four horns, two trumpets, three trombones and one tuba. However, the number of brass instruments may be greater. The drum group in the orchestra does not have a permanent composition. In each case, it includes those instruments that appear in the score of the work being performed. Only timpani are an indispensable part of every concert.
Brass bands are not primarily intended for indoor concerts. They accompany processions, marches, and during festive festivities they sound on stages located in the open air - in squares, gardens and parks. Their sonority is especially powerful and bright. The main instruments of a brass band are brass: cornets, trumpets, horns, trombones. There are also woodwinds - flutes and clarinets, and in large orchestras there are also oboes and bassoons, as well as percussion - drums, timpani, cymbals. There are works written specifically for a brass band, but they often perform symphonic works re-orchestrated for a brass ensemble. There are also works in which, along with a symphony orchestra, the participation of wind instruments is provided, as, for example, in Tchaikovsky’s “1812” overture. A special type of brass band, the so-called “banda” (the Italian word banda means squad). This is an ensemble of brass, wind and percussion instruments, which is sometimes introduced in addition to the symphony orchestra in opera performances. He appears on stage when some kind of ceremony is taking place or a procession is moving.
In 1887, the famous musician, enthusiast of studying Russian folk art and folk instruments V.V. Andreev organized the “Circle of Balalaika Lovers”. The first concert of this circle took place in 1888. Soon gaining European fame, the ensemble began to expand. In addition to balalaikas, it included domras, gusli and other ancient Russian instruments. The “Great Russian Orchestra” arose - that’s how it began to be called. After the Great October Socialist Revolution it was renamed Russian folk instruments named after V.V. Andreev, and many other similar groups appeared. The main role in them is played by plucked string instruments (read about them in the story “String Instruments”), there are button accordions, flutes and other wind instruments, and a large group of percussion. Soviet composers write music for these orchestras. They also play transcriptions of classical works and adaptations of folk songs. Nowadays, folk instrument orchestras exist in many union and autonomous republics. Of course, they are very different: in Ukraine they include banduras, in Lithuania - ancient kankles, in Caucasian orchestras they play zurns... Variety orchestras are the most diverse in their composition and size - from large, similar to symphonic ones, such as, for example, orchestras All-Union and Leningrad radio and television, to very small ones, more like ensembles. Pop orchestras often include saxophones, ukuleles, and a lot of drums.

View value Orchestra in other dictionaries

Orchestra- M. Italian. a complete assembly of musicians to play together, which is like a choir in voice music; | a place fenced off in the theater and generally arranged somewhere for musicians. wow.......
Dahl's Explanatory Dictionary

Orchestra M.— 1. A group of musicians performing a piece of music together on various instruments. 2. Ensemble of musical instruments. // Part of the musical ensemble........
Explanatory Dictionary by Efremova

Orchestra- orchestra, m. (from the Greek orchestra - a place for dancing in front of the stage). 1. Ensemble of musical instruments. Symphony orchestra concert. Piece for string orchestra. Wind........
Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary

Orchestra- -A; m. [French] orchestra from Greek. orchēstra - area in front of the stage in an ancient Greek theater]
1. A group of musicians or a collection of various instruments participating in the performance........
Kuznetsov's Explanatory Dictionary

Orchestra— This word came into Russian from French, being borrowed from Latin, which also borrowed it from Greece, where orchestra meant “place for dancing.” Romans........
Krylov's etymological dictionary

Big Symphony Orchestra of State Television and Radio- them. P. I. Tchaikovsky, academic, founded in 1930. Headed by conductors: A. I. Orlov, N. S. Golovanov, A. V. Gauk, G. N. Rozhdestvensky. Chief conductor and artistic director........

Military Band— see Brass band.
Large encyclopedic dictionary

State Symphony Orchestra— created in 1936 in Moscow. Since 1972 academic. It was headed by conductors: A. V. Gauk, N. G. Rakhlin, K. K. Ivanov, and since 1965 the chief conductor E. F. Svetlanov.
Large encyclopedic dictionary

Brass band- a group of musicians performing on wind and percussion instruments. A similar composition is typical for military bands.
Large encyclopedic dictionary

Chamber Orchestra- a small orchestra, the basis of which is a string group, supplemented by a harpsichord, spiritual instruments, and now also percussion. The repertoire is predominantly music of the 17th and 18th centuries. (concerts........
Large encyclopedic dictionary

Orchestra- (from orchestra) - a group of musicians (12 people or more) playing various instruments and performing musical works together. The term "orchestra" in the 17th-18th centuries.........
Large encyclopedic dictionary

Horn Orchestra- (horn music) - the orchestra was created in Russia in mid. 18th century. Consisted of improved hunting horns. Each instrument produced 1 sound of a chromatic scale.
Large encyclopedic dictionary

Russian National Symphony Orchestra- founded in 1991 in Moscow. Chief conductor - M. V. Pletnev.
Large encyclopedic dictionary

Symphony Orchestra- a large group of musicians performing symphonic musical works. includes 3 groups of instruments: wind, percussion, bowed strings. Classic (pairs,........
Large encyclopedic dictionary

String Orchestra- an orchestra consisting of string instruments - violins, violas, cellos, double basses, as well as folk instruments.
Large encyclopedic dictionary

Orchestra— - a group of musicians. Replaced in the XVII-XVIII centuries. The term "capella" is common in European countries. O. string, wind, symphonic, etc., pop, jazz, military.
Historical Dictionary

Horn Orchestra— - horn music - an orchestra created in Russia in the mid-18th century. Consisted of improved hunting horns. Each instrument produced one sound of the chromatic scale.
Historical Dictionary

Russian Folk Orchestra named after N.P. Osipova- created in 1919 on the initiative of B.S. Troyanovsky and P.I. Alekseeva (artistic director until 1939) as the First Moscow Great Russian Orchestra; since 1936 - State Folk Orchestra........
Historical Dictionary

Symphony Orchestra— - a large group of musicians performing symphonic musical works. Includes 3 groups of instruments: wind, percussion, bowed strings.
Historical Dictionary

String Orchestra— - an orchestra consisting of stringed musical instruments - violins, violas, cellos, double basses, as well as folk instruments.
Historical Dictionary

Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra- German symphony orchestra. Basic in 1882. The predecessor of B. f. O. was prof. orchestra organized by B. Bilse (1867, Bilsen Chapel). Since 1882, on the initiative of conc. Wolf agencies are carried out........
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Big Symphony Orchestra of Central Television and Radio Broadcasting- (B. c. o.). Basic in 1931. The first director of the orchestra was A.I. Orlov (1931-37). An important role in the formation of the team was played by N. S. Golovanov, who headed the B. s. O. in 1937-53. He was replaced by......
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Boston Symphony Orchestra- one of the oldest symphonies. US orchestras. Basic in 1881 by philanthropist G. Lee Higginson. The orchestra included qualified musicians from Austria and Germany (initially........
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Great Russian Orchestra- Russian orchestra adv. tools. Created in 1887 by V.V. Andreev initially as the “Circle of Balalaika Lovers” (a balalaika ensemble of 8 people); first concert......
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Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra— (Wiener Philharmoniker) - first prof. concert orchestra in Austria, one of the oldest in Europe. Basic on the initiative of the composer and conductor O. Nikolai, critic and publisher A. Schmidt,........
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Military band- spirit. an orchestra that is a regular unit of a military unit (see Brass band). In Sov. Army of V. o. exist in combat units and formations (in regiments, divisions,........
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State Russian Folk Orchestra named after. N. P. Osipova- see Russian folk orchestra.
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State Symphony Orchestra of the USSR— Created in Moscow in 1936 on the basis of the 1st symphony. brigades of the All-Union Radio. The first concert took place on October 5. 1936 in the Great Hall of the Conservatory; were performed - "Internationale", 1st........
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Brass band- a group of performers on wind (wood and brass or only brass, the so-called banda) and percussion instruments. D. o. capable of performing in a wide variety of acoustic........
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Chamber orchestra- a small orchestra, the core of which is an ensemble of string players. instruments (6-8 violins, 2-3 violas, 2-3 cellos, double bass). In to. The harpsichord often comes in......
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An orchestra is a large number of musicians who simultaneously play different musical instruments. An orchestra differs from an ensemble by the presence of entire groups of individual types of musical instruments. Quite often in an orchestra, one part is performed by several musicians at once. The number of people in the orchestra may vary, the minimum number of performers is fifteen, the maximum number of performers is not limited. If you want to listen to a live orchestra in Moscow, you can order tickets for the concert on the website biletluxury.ru.

There are several types of orchestras: symphony, chamber, pop, military and folk orchestra. They all differ from each other in the composition of their musical instruments.

A symphony orchestra must have strings, winds and percussion instruments. Also in a symphony orchestra there may be other types of musical instruments that are necessary for the performance of a certain piece. A symphony orchestra can be large or small, it all depends on the number of musicians.

In a chamber orchestra, musicians play wind and string instruments. This orchestra can perform musical works even while moving.

In addition to the instruments used in a symphony orchestra, the variety orchestra includes electronic musical instruments. For example, synthesizer, rhythm section, etc.

A jazz orchestra uses wind and string instruments, as well as special rhythm sections that perform only jazz compositions.

The folk music orchestra uses ethnic musical instruments. Russian groups use the balalaika, button accordion, zhaleika, domra, etc.

The military orchestra includes performers who play percussion, as well as wind instruments, namely brass and wood. For example, on trumpets, trombones, serpents, clarinets, oboes, flutes, bassoons and others.