Grinev’s attitude towards the family of Captain Mironov quotes. Essay on the topic: “Relationships between Grinev and Shvabrin. Relationship between Shvabrin and Maria

Pavel Grinev was born into the family of a retired prime minister and the daughter of a nobleman. The father always wanted to see a military man in his child and enrolled him in the Semenovsky regiment as a sergeant long before his birth.

Shvabrin also grew up in a noble family, but he had no example of military behavior. Therefore, the sense of honor was poorly developed in this person.

Grinev received a good upbringing and education. First in the person of Uncle Savelich, who taught him worldly wisdom and Russian literacy. Then the Frenchman Beaupré.

The main characters have different attitudes towards service and military honor. Grinev treats his service responsibly and remains faithful to his empress to the end, showing devotion to the oath. Shvabrin treated military service irresponsibly, immediately going over to Pugachev’s side.

The characters' attitudes towards women and the feeling of love are also different. Grinev sincerely loved Masha and opened up to her about his feelings. Shvabrin's love is unique. Having feelings for the heroine, he speaks unflatteringly about Maria’s mother. And Masha is afraid of Shvabrin because of his deceit and impudence.

Pushkin's main characters reveal their characters, primarily in relation to Pugachev's rebellion.

Grinev remains an officer to the end. Raised in an officer's family, he does not lose his honor and dignity in difficult times. Loyal to his Fatherland, oath and military duty. He believes that a young officer who violated his oath is a criminal.

Shvabrin was deprived of these high principles and became a supporter of the rebel not because of ideological convictions, but for selfish purposes.

Grinev and Shvabrin are the two main characters of this work. There are more differences between them than similarities.
Noble origin is perhaps the only thing that unites these two heroes. Both came from noble families, both are officers and serve in the Belogorsk fortress, but if Pyotr Andreevich got there by the will of his father, then Alexey Ivanovich was exiled for a duel with a fatal outcome. Shvabrin, unlike Grinev, who has just begun an independent life, and even then under the supervision of his uncle Savelich, has been living an adult life for a long time and knows the world much better than Petrusha. Pyotr Andreevich is still too young and inexperienced to understand how dangerous and insidious Shvabrin is.

Comparison of Grinev and Shvabrin (option 2)

The images of Grinev and Shvabrin are of considerable importance for solving many questions posed by the author in his work: the relationship between landowners and the peasantry, the duties of a nobleman to the people, human happiness, love, true nobility. Grinev and Shvabrin are officers from the nobility. Having met Masha Mironova, the captain’s daughter, in the Belogorsk fortress, they fell in love with her. This is where the similarities between them end. Further we have to talk only about the differences between these people. Grinev was raised in a provincial noble family, Shvabrin lived in a metropolitan environment and received a secular upbringing and education. Savelich had a great influence on the formation of Grinev’s character, who has many attractive traits characteristic of an ordinary Russian person: loyalty to duty, directness, the ability for deep affection and self-sacrifice. Shvabrin is smart, educated, eloquent, witty, resourceful. But unlike Grinev, he is deeply indifferent to the people, to everything that does not concern his personal interests. Previously, he served in the guard and was exiled to the Belogorsk fortress for a duel. All this determines the different attitude of Grinev and Shvabrin towards others. If by nature Grinev is a gentle and kind person, fair and trusting, with little understanding of people like Shvabrin, then Shvabrin is an evil, contemptuous, deceitful and hypocritical person, mockingly treating people, and also vindictive.

Comparison of Grinev and Shvabrin (option 3)

In the story by A. S. Pushkin “The Captain's Daughter” two completely different, one might say, parallel, manners of behavior can be traced. The author initially shows that Grinev is an ideal person, a hero, while Shvabrin from the very beginning seems to the reader to be somehow unreliable and unstable. It's like he's walking on the edge of a cliff. A step to the left, a step to the right, and you will become a more defined personality.

Alexey Shvabrin was given a good education, because he is a nobleman. But simple knowledge of sciences and languages ​​is not enough. Pushkin does not describe Shvabrin’s life before his meeting with the Grinevs in the fortress, but one can try to analyze the current situation.

They say: "Children are a reflection of their parents." Perhaps Alexei saw only such an attitude towards life around him, or the elders were busy only with their own happiness and did not notice their son. After all, no matter how many nannies and tutors there are, nothing can replace live communication. Shvabrin grew up as an unsociable, withdrawn person, and the bad company at his previous place of service made this hero the way we see him in the Belozersk fortress. It seems to me that Pushkin still strives to idealize the image of man, he wants the impossible - only heroes who meet his inflated requirements should live. The great poet, apparently, is afraid of reality, runs away from it, preferring an illusion invented by himself to ordinary human life.

Grinev, on the contrary, had a completely different childhood. He, of course, is also a nobleman, and he had a Frenchman and Savelich, but it was important to his parents who Peter would grow up to be. Despite the fact that Andrei Grinev may be too strict with his son outwardly, in his soul he values ​​him very much and is very worried about Peter’s happiness and honor. Grinev Sr. wants his son to be a real person in the full meaning of the word and to serve the Fatherland unconditionally. Peter was also inspired by this idea.

But even the ideal Grinev has certain ups and downs. For example, at the beginning of the story, Pushkin makes him out to be a simple undergrowth who chases pigeons and has not yet known real life. This is very clearly visible in Peter’s behavior on the way to the Belozersk fortress: he lived in the village, he wants new thrills. But still, it seems to me that even gambling and other entertainment could not spoil Grinev. His father’s instructions left too deep a mark on his soul.

In their love for Marya Ivanovna, Grinev and Shvabrin also show their true nature. Peter behaves courageously throughout the story: he did not swear allegiance to Pugachev, and was not afraid to go from besieged Orenburg to fetch Masha. It is clearly seen that the author extols almost insane valor, loyalty and devotion. He proves that any good deed will be rewarded. Shvabrin is the complete opposite of Grinev. But he also has positive qualities. For example, perseverance has been valued in people for centuries.

But, it seems to me that it is wrong to judge characters too categorically, and indeed about people in general - after all, everyone has their own light and dark sides, and no one knows at what stage life will suddenly end...

The main characters of the work by A.S. Pushkin's "The Captain's Daughter", there are two officers Grinev and Shvabrin, completely opposite in human qualities. Despite the fact that both young men came from a noble family, in which, as is known, high values ​​and morals were instilled from childhood, one was honest and noble, and the other was cunning and agile.

Shvabrin, who plays the role of a negative character in the work, ends up serving in the Belogorsk fortress due to committing a murder. During his service, when Pugachev’s uprising began, he, without thinking twice and completely not caring about his duty, joined his ranks. He also doesn't care about the feelings of the people around him. By the will of his love for Maria Mironova, not paying attention to the fact that the feelings are not mutual, he decides to force the girl to be with him. He acts treacherously towards his friend, plotting conspiracies and pretenses against him.

Grinev is the completely opposite side of Shvabrin. He, of his own free will, went to serve in a fortress remote from the city, listening and obeying his father in everything. He feels incredible devotion and reverence for his parents. He also strictly follows the instructions he received, which states that honor must be protected from a young age. During Pugachev’s uprising, without fearing for his life, Grinev makes it clear that there is no reason for it, he will not join his ranks, since he swore an oath to the empress and will faithfully serve only her.

In this work, Pushkin makes it clear to the reader that people like Shvabrin are followed only by devastation, which will certainly lead to the collapse of his family, as well as the entire country. And Grinev is a stronghold in building a healthy and developing society with high moral principles and positions that are guaranteed to lead to a happy and carefree future.

Comparative characteristics of Grinev and Shvabrin

Pyotr Grinev and Alexey Shvabrin are the heroes of the story “The Captain's Daughter”.

These two young men are from wealthy families. They are officers and both are in love with the captain's daughter Masha Mironova.

Pyotr Grinev entered service in the Belogorsk fortress at the request of his father. Alexey Shvabrin was transferred to the fortress for murder. During a sword duel, he stabbed one lieutenant.

Pyotr Grinev sincerely loves Masha Mironova and she reciprocates his feelings. He is ready to take decisive and courageous actions for her sake.

Alexey Shvabrin, having not achieved the girl’s favor and having received a refusal from her, behaves extremely unworthily. He speaks negatively about Masha’s family, allows himself to mock the girl and spreads bad rumors about her.

Pyotr Grinev quarrels with Shvabrin because of his unworthy behavior towards Masha. Wanting to defend the girl’s honor, Peter fights Shvabrin in a duel. Turning for a moment at the shout of his servant, he receives an insidious blow in the back from Shvabrin.

They understand their duty to their homeland differently. When the fortress was stormed by Emelyan Pugachev’s gang, Peter was ready to fight to the last. He behaved bravely and was not afraid to tell Pugachev the truth to his face.

Shvabrin, on the contrary, without hesitation went over to the side of the villains. He fawned and groveled before Pugachev.

When Shvabrina is appointed commandant of the fortress. He, being a vile person, takes advantage of his new position. He treats Masha Mironova cruelly, keeps her locked up and forces her to marry him.

Pyotr Grinev learns about this from Masha’s letter and immediately sets off to rescue the girl from Shvabrin’s captivity. Thanks to his frankness and courage, he earns Pugachev's favor and respect.

Peter is a generous and brave man. Throughout the story, he fights with dignity and selflessly for his rights and for his love.

Shvabrin is deceitful and hypocritical, he is ready to secretly strike and betray his comrades. He repeatedly tried to annoy Peter and wrote denunciations against him.

Both of them were arrested on suspicion of conspiracy with Pugachev. Shvabrin behaved extremely dishonestly here too; he tried to slander Peter. As a result, Grinev is acquitted and released. His beloved Masha helps him in this. He will marry her. Shvabrin remains in custody.

A. S. Pushkin, using the example of these two young and wealthy guys, managed to show how different people can be.

Option 3

These two officers are complete opposites in their human qualities. Both come from a family of nobles, so there is no doubt about their upbringing. But the differences begin where it ends.

Shvabrin plays a negative role. He is in service in the Belgorod fortress. He is sent there because he commits murder. When Emelyan Pugachev's uprising begins, he supports the rebel without any doubt. Since his main qualities are cunning and deceit, he does not care about moral duty at all. There is nothing to say about the feelings of the people around him. His beloved Maria Mironova does not reciprocate his feelings and he decides to take her by force. But since this does not look the way it should look to an officer, his actions are not difficult to predict. Conspiracies and pretense in relation to his friend, who has a better chance of marrying Maria, do not take long to come!

Grinev is the complete opposite of him. His decision to go to this fortress was guided by duty to the fatherland, and not by various tricks or crimes. He obeys and obeys his father and therefore he considers him a good son. All instructions received before leaving are followed impeccably. Protecting his honor from a young age, Grinev wants to become a good officer and commander. And since the oath is not an empty phrase for him, then during an uprising he begins to act like a loyal warrior of the empress. Why does Mary choose an honest man? To understand, it’s worth taking a closer look at both of them.

Peter does not want to commit meanness, but on the contrary wants to prove his love through actions. Therefore, he dares to take various actions that distinguish him favorably from the general background. Then, after receiving a refusal, Alexey Shvabrin begins to speak extremely negatively about the young lady herself. Moreover, he secretly starts negative rumors that affect the girl’s reputation. Because of this, a quarrel between two young people begins. But the girl’s honor is not an empty phrase for Peter, and he schedules a duel after all the circumstances are clarified. But fate is not on the side of decent people. Turning away for a moment, Grinev expects a blow in the back, which turns out to be decisive in this confrontation. The duel ends with Alexei's victory.

After the siege began, it was with the support of Shvabrin that Pugachev took the fortress into his own hands. By appointing him in charge, he actually frees his hands. And since he also grovels in every possible way, no proof of loyalty is required. Maria falls into a kind of captivity, which fetters her actions. Alexey begins to force her to marry him. When Grinev learns about this in a letter, he immediately rushes to the girl’s rescue. This evokes respect not only from her, but also from the rebel himself.

Even from these words, one can understand that Pyotr Grinev is driven by decency, honor, courage and dedication. Then, like Alexey Shvabrin, he is driven by lies, hypocrisy and backstabbing. And repeated denunciations only confirm that such people are simply not needed even in the ranks of those who decide to go against the crown and the state.

Everything was mixed up in Alexander Pushkin’s historical novel “The Captain’s Daughter” - honesty, nobility, betrayal, meanness, love. And the Pugachev rebellion, which formed the basis of the work, turned out to be a real test for the main characters - Pyotr Grinev and Alexei Shvabrin.

Life's difficulties affect people differently: some are strengthened, others are broken - it all depends on the strength of character, upbringing, and moral principles.

A little about the work of Alexander Pushkin “The Captain's Daughter”

The novel takes place at the end of the 18th century, when rebels under the command of Emelyan Pugachev were raging in Russia. The story is told from the first person, a young nobleman Pyotr Grinev, who, by chance, finds himself in the very whirlpool of Pugachev’s events.

Character traits of Grinev and Shvabrin - attitude towards people

In the novel, two central images attract attention - these are the officers of the Belogorsk fortress Pyotr Grinev and Alexey Shvabrin. But the figure of Emelyan Pugachev cannot be underestimated, because it is with this hero that all the storylines are connected.

Grinev is a seventeen-year-old teenager, the son of a landowner, sent by his father instead of St. Petersburg to serve in the distant garrison of the Orenburg province with the parting words: “Take care of honor from a young age.”

Shvabrin is an educated young man, a nobleman, transferred to the fortress for murder in a duel.

• Peter is eccentric, playful, but kind and good-natured. Having lost a hundred rubles to Captain Zurin at billiards, he shouts at Savelich, demanding to pay his debt of honor. Having offended the servant, Grinev worries no less than his uncle, repenting and asking for forgiveness. And in the scene with the counselor, Pugachev, who takes Grinev’s wagon out of the snowstorm to the inn, notes of the hero’s responsiveness and generosity also appear. In gratitude for the rescue, Peter treats a passing man to tea, wine, and gives him a hare sheepskin coat. The meeting turns out to be fateful for the young man. Who knows how the seizure of the Belogorsk fortress by the rebels would have ended for Peter if the imaginary emperor had not recognized his benefactor?
• Shvabrin is a man with an evil, vindictive character. He speaks with contempt about the people with whom he serves: he mocks the kindness of captain Vasilisa Yegorovna, mocks Grinev’s love, calling his poems complete nonsense. He even calls the captain’s daughter, Masha, a fool, in revenge for refusing to marry him.
• Grinev is decent, brave. Without hesitation, he stands up for the honor of Maria Ivanovna, having heard Shvabrin’s obscene hints about her.
• Alexey is vile, cold-blooded, ready to discredit an innocent person for his own benefit. He writes a denunciation against Grinev to the investigative authorities, accusing him of aiding Pugachev, informs Peter’s parents about his traitorous son, and spreads gossip about a young girl. In the duel scene, Shvabrin behaves extremely unworthily: he meanly wounds his opponent.

Character traits of Grinev and Shvabrin - attitude towards the Fatherland

• Pugachev's detachment captures the fortress. Shvabrin, without hesitation, swears allegiance to the newly-minted Tsar. Alexey is so afraid for his life that he humiliates himself before the chieftain, bending over in an obsequious bow. It becomes clear that this person has no sense of duty, self-esteem, or devotion. The officer tells the chieftain that Masha is the daughter of the executed captain of the fortress. Shvabrin does this so that Grinev is punished and the girl goes to him.
• Peter, as an honest man, is ready to die, but remain faithful to his duty to the Fatherland. He directly declares to Pugachev that he has already sworn allegiance to the empress and would rather die than break his oath.
• For Alexei, unlike Peter, nothing is sacred. He is easy to betray, he can easily slander the lady of his heart if it will be useful. We can say about him that he serves those with whom it is more profitable.

Character traits of Grinev and Shvabrin - attitude to love

The love line that runs through the entire work is given against the backdrop of the terrible events of the Pugachev rebellion. They say that in matters of the heart all methods are good, but the way Shvabrin acts, seeking reciprocity from Maria Mironova, is unacceptable for an honest person.

• Alexey, left by Pugachev in the fortress as the elder, locks Masha up, does not feed her, trying to persuade the girl to marry her hated.
• Peter, having learned that his beloved is in the hands of the scoundrel Shvabrin, without thinking about the consequences, rushes to her rescue. Having failed to obtain help from the authorities, Grinev turns to Pugachev for support, and he helps him. Having freed the captain's daughter, Peter sends her to her parents, calling her his bride. Even at the trial, where the hero ends up because of Shvabrin’s slander, he does not mention Masha, so as not to cause her trouble.

Reading the novel, we see Peter growing up, who sacredly observes the oath of allegiance to the Fatherland and honors the commandment of his father. And fate rewards him - the hero is completely justified and he has a long, happy life ahead of him with his beloved woman.

Details

Getting ready to write

Grinev and Shvabrin
(comparative characteristics of the heroes of A.S. Pushkin’s novel “The Captain’s Daughter”)

Compare- set features similarities or differences, compare (Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language by S. Ozhegov).

A comparative characteristic can be constructed two ways:

1. Sequential comparison (after the introduction, talk about one hero, then about another, draw conclusions)
2. Side by side comparison (after the introduction, the heroes are compared in different positions: the upbringing of one and the other, attitude towards Masha, behavior during an attack, the fate of the heroes, etc.)

To write an introduction, try to answer the questions:

• Remember the epigraph to the entire work. What problems does the author raise in the novel?
• Which of the heroes is faithful to duty and follows the path of honor?
• Who neglects the concepts of duty and honor?
• Which character's choice can be called moral?

To prepare for your essay, complete test tasks.

1. Establish a correspondence between the three main characters appearing in the work and their inherent personality traits. For each position in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.
2. Establish a correspondence between the three main characters appearing in the work and their fate. For each position in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.
3. Pyotr Grinev and Alexey Shvabrin are presented in opposition from the first pages of the work. What is the name of the technique of sharp contrast used in a work of art?

So, Grinev and Shvabrin are antipodal heroes, but they also have general :

1. both officers
2. both are young
3. both love Marya Ivanovna

Heroes show themselves in next episodes :

1. acquaintance of Grinev and Shvabrin
2. their conversations about Masha
3. duel
4. capture of the Belogorsk fortress
5. saving Masha Mironova
6. arrest and interrogation

Compare the heroes according to the following plan:

1. Upbringing and education.

   Grinev was brought up in a provincial noble family, received a modest education, and was influenced by a man from the people. From childhood, his father instilled in him strong moral principles, which helped him to emerge with honor from those difficult, sometimes hopeless situations in which life put him.

   Shvabrin received a metropolitan upbringing and education.

   How did Grinev and Shvabrin end up in the fortress?

2. Attitude to military duty.

   How did Shvabrin behave during the capture of the Belogorsk fortress? And Grinev? How does this behavior characterize the heroes?

3. Relation to Masha Mironova.

   Try these phrases “distribute” between Grinev and Shvabrin.

   depth and sincerity of feeling, the ability to perform heroic deeds in the name of love, the base nature of feeling, deep respect for a woman, the ability to violence and bullying, disrespectful attitude towards a woman.

   A comment.

   Everything in the story is full of mercy. The very love of Pyotr Andreevich and Marya Ivanovna Mironova is mainly love - mercy. Not love is passion, not love is admiration, but love is mercy.

   Grinev loves and tearfully pities the orphan who has no one left in the whole world. Marya Ivanovna loves and saves her knight from the terrible fate of dishonor. The author emphasizes such virtues as loyalty, gratitude, sacrifice, obedience, and the ability to love deeply.

   Usually love awakens the best qualities in a person: kindness, mercy, generosity. Mop doesn't even decorate love. In his desire to eliminate his opponent, he is ready to send him even to death.

   The absence of any convictions gives rise to outright cynicism. It is difficult to say that his falling in love with Masha is a truly great feeling. And indeed, his attitude towards Marya Ivanovna (he basely slanders Grineva about her, and then, when she is in his power, simply torments the defenseless girl) reveals to us the whole base essence of his love feeling, which turns out to be nothing more than an egoistic sensual passion.

4. Attitude towards people.
   • Which of the heroes is characterized by bitterness, contempt for people, deceit and hypocrisy, the ability to slander, and vindictiveness?
   • Which of the heroes is characterized by kindness, truthfulness and generosity, spiritual generosity, deep justice?
   • In what episodes does this appear?
   • Do you agree with the opinion of the poetess M.I. Tsvetaeva? claiming that Shvabrin - “petty envious person and informer”, “low villain”?
   • Pay attention to how the fate of the two heroes turned out. Is this ending logical?

Think about how you can build conclusion. Perhaps you can talk about the author’s attitude towards his characters. Or write about your attitude towards them. In any case, think about the moral lessons of the work.

Plan

I. Introduction. The problem of honor and duty in the story.
What the heroes have in common (officers are from the nobility, both love Masha).

II. Grinev and Shvabrin.

1. The characters have something in common.
2. Grinev and Shvabrin are antipodal heroes.
   a) Loyalty to Grinev’s military duty and Shvabrin’s betrayal.
   b) The depth and sincerity of Grinev’s feelings and the base nature of this feeling in Shvabrin.
   c) The sincerity and decency of Grinev and the deceit and deceit of Shvabrin.
   d) The fate of Grinev and the fate of Shvabrin.
   e) The author’s attitude towards his characters.

III. Conclusion. Moral lessons of the story.

Speech preparation.

Since the comparative characteristics of Grinev and Shvabrin are based mainly on contrasts, it is advisable to use introductory words ( on the contrary, on the contrary) the consistency of conclusions can be conveyed using words and phrases ( since it serves as proof of this, this confirms, that’s why ), as well as introductory words ( means, thus, so, finally ), expressions that can be used to compare in parallel ( if... then another...).

Choosing an epigraph

Honor is more valuable than life.
F. Schiller

I agree to endure any misfortune,
But I don't agree
So that honor suffers.
P. Corneille

Critic's opinion

“He [Grinev] is a Russian nobleman, a man of the 18th century, with the stamp of his era on his forehead... he does not fit into the framework of the noble ethics of his time. He's too human for that. He does not completely dissolve in any of the contemporary camps... This is the deep difference between Grinev and Shvabrin, who fits completely into the play of social forces of his time. Grinev is suspected by the Pugachevites as a nobleman and intercessor for the daughter of their enemy, and by the government - as a friend of Pugachev. He didn't "fit" into any camp; Shvabrin - to both: a nobleman with all noble prejudices, with purely class contempt for the dignity of another person, he becomes Pugachev’s servant" ( Yu.M. Lotman)