Finding money to start a new business. How to open an insurance company: important points and secrets of a successful business

A person can have many incentives to open their own business.

This is the desire to become financially independent and self-sufficient, to reveal your professional and creative potential, etc. With such a high level of competition as in Moscow, not every beginning entrepreneur can succeed in business and develop his company to the level of a solid company. Anyone who wants to open his own small business first needs to decide on the choice of the direction of activity. To do this, you can make a list of two points. In the first one, write what I would like and it would be interesting to do. In the second, what you do well. Then you should cross out all the less promising options. In this case, you also need to take into account your financial capabilities.

After there is only one item in the list after weeding out weak options, you will need to write down your advantages in this area over competitors. You need something special that others, if they can do it, will not be massive. The main competitive advantages include a low price, an interesting image, or, for example, the novelty of an idea, etc. If you manage to find at least a couple of options, then the chosen idea may turn out to be quite successful and start to bring good income with proper business organization.

Anyone who wants to open his own small business should think about how it will be organized. You need to have a clear idea of ​​what the company will do, what responsibilities will be performed by employees and administration, what will be needed to open an office and smooth and productive work, etc. Answers to these points will need to be backed up with numbers and a detailed business plan. It is needed in order not to ignore any of the nuances when opening a business, to avoid all kinds of mistakes and find out the amount of investments required to open a company, subsequent expenses and income from activities.

Let's say an entrepreneur has always been interested in different countries, is fluent in foreign languages ​​and can easily find a common language with absolutely any interlocutor. He decided to start his own business in the field of providing travel services. Opening a travel company is not difficult. Plus, this type of activity does not require the cost of purchasing a product, for example, as when opening a store.

Let's consider step by step how to bring this idea to life and draw up a general business plan

1. If the entrepreneur has no experience in the tourism industry, then it will be useful to complete the courses for tourism managers. They last from two weeks to a month and cost a little. A general idea of ​​tourism, how and what works in this field of activity, the subtleties and features of the tourism market in the courses will tell.
2. To open any type of activity, you first need to register. Registration of a travel agency is most often carried out as a Limited Liability Company (LLC) or an Individual Entrepreneur (IE). Registration is made at the Tax Authority.
3. Find a suitable accommodation for a travel company and rent it. The agency does not need too large premises. For two managers to work, 15-20 sq. m. The location of the office is already half of the success. It should be located in a walk-through place, not far from the metro station. The ideal option is to rent a room in a shopping center.
4. The next steps will be the purchase of everything necessary for the opening of the office and its arrangement. When buying everything you need, you need to proceed from how many people will work in the office. It is important not to miss anything here. It is imperative to remember about purchasing a sign, otherwise potential clients may simply not find an office, and clients from the street will never come in, because they will not know about the existence of a travel agency.
5. After equipping the office, you need to take care of connecting the telephone line and the Internet, since they are one of the main tools in the work of a travel company.
6. Purchase and registration with the tax authority of the cash register.
7. You should think about advertising. Advertising is very important for a successful start of a travel agency. This can be the distribution of leaflets with information about the agency near the metro station, advertising in the media or joint advertising with travel operators, etc. There are a lot of advertising options.
8. This travel agency may have its own characteristics. You can open the sale of wedding tours or start organizing some non-standard travel, etc.

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The costs of starting a company can be divided into one-time and monthly

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One-time expenses

• state duty for registration of individual entrepreneurs - 800 rubles;
• opening a personal bank account - 2200 rubles (the exact amount depends on the tariff of the selected bank);
• equipment of the manager's workplace (table, rack, 3 chairs, computer, MFP) - 44 thousand rubles;
• telephone line connection - 500 rubles;
• cash register - 23 thousand rubles;
• a sign - 7 thousand rubles.

Total: 77,500 rubles

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Monthly expenses

• office rent - 14 thousand rubles (the exact amount depends on the area of ​​the premises and on its location);
• salary of an employee - 15 thousand rubles;
• payment for the Internet and telephone - 2600 rubles;
• stationery - 1 thousand rubles;
• advertising - 5 thousand rubles.

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Berlin

The most important thing to know when looking for an office in Berlin is to be prepared for the landlord to conduct a thorough survey on what kind of business you are doing. This is due to the fact that the vague wording in the contract for the activities of the firm allows the tenant to open anything in the office. Since the landlord is responsible for everything that happens on the territory of his property, you cannot avoid meticulous (for the Russian mentality) questions. Therefore, it is best to clearly state in the contract in what area the firm operates.

Coworking: Freelance jobs are very popular in Berlin. The city has 10 large coworking centers equipped with everything you need. Since the tradition of coworking has long been established here, and there are a lot of large and small centers, the prices are much lower than in other cities on this list. So, renting a desktop for one day costs $ 16. Monthly subscription for a flexible schedule - $ 165, for unlimited - $ 213.

Internet: from $ 38 per month

Hong Kong

The most expensive business centers in the world are located here. Despite this, demand remains strong, with only 3.1% of offices vacant, the lowest in the Asia-Pacific region. The most expensive office in the world could be rented in 2014 for $ 2,713 per square meter per year. Because of the sky-high prices for offices, companies began to save more: their rental costs fell by 18%.

Coworking: The variety of coworking spaces in this city is simply amazing. You can find a job for $ 44 a month, of course, with a fixed number of hours. You can buy a monthly unlimited subscription for $ 710. But the average price per month is $ 250-300 per workplace.

Internet: from $ 30 per month.

Dublin

Despite the fact that the prices for office rent in the capital of Ireland are not the highest, they are growing eight times faster than in other European cities. This is because the government of the country encourages the IT sector and many young minds who create startups converge in Dublin. Many stay, open offices - hence the high demand and the corresponding prices.

Coworking: Prices differ depending on the length of the subscription. A day of renting a workplace costs from $ 20 to $ 30. Month - $ 150-300. Rarely does a coworking space provide a subscription for a year. Almost all coworking spaces have conference rooms, showers and kitchens. The workplace can be rented for half a day and for the whole day.

Internet: from $ 30 per month.

London

The high cost of real estate here is not a secret for anyone, it is already an established tradition. The most expensive business premises in the capital of Great Britain cost about $ 2420 per sq. M. Last year. meter per year. Despite this, many businessmen dream of moving their business here.

Coworking: Although the London coworking system is one of the largest in Europe and has long been established, every year there are more and more freelancers and there are not enough jobs for everyone. Hence the high cost of such zones. For one day spent in the coworking space, you will have to pay almost $ 33, a monthly subscription for a flexible schedule costs $ 366, for an unlimited one - $ 509. These are the average prices for the city.

Internet: from $ 50 per month

New York

Office rental prices are relatively low in New York, but there will be more additional expenses, be prepared for this. These are the services of garbage collection, office cleaning, water, electricity, fire safety, heating and others. They can add another $ 500 to the total, depending on the size of the office.
Consider one more factor: the landlord always adds 25% of the sq. meters per ad. For example, if you see that there are supposedly 100 square meters in an office, then rest assured: in reality, 75 squares can be used there. This is because the landlord considers additional space: entrance, reception, staircase space, etc. This is not a deception, but the norm.

Coworking: There are an insane number of freelancers in New York, therefore (and not only) coworking spaces have long turned from a fashionable phenomenon into a necessity. For the city, prices are not high, although higher than the national average. In this city, you can even rent a separate office for $ 1200 per month. On average, everything looks like this: access to the desktop for a day - from $ 25, a monthly subscription for a flexible schedule (limited number of hours) - $ 227, a monthly subscription (unlimited) - $ 424.

Internet:$ 300 per month (average price).

San Francisco

Due to the technological boom and the emergence of Silicon Valley, the cost of renting in San Francisco has increased significantly over the past 10-15 years. Back in 2010, you had to pay only $ 385 a year for a square meter of office (class, A). Over five years, the average rental price per square meter has grown by 41%.

Coworking: The freelance office system in San Francisco has long taken root and works great. There are many tariffs and payment schemes. You can buy an annual subscription to visit such offices - this is the cheapest: from 150 per workplace. Most expensive if you want to pay by the day or by the hour.

Internet: from $ 30 per month.

Singapore

In Singapore, there is a great chance of finding a good office without the help of a realtor, so you can save money. In general, independence in the choice of housing is more inherent in Asian cities than in European or American cities. Most often, a lease agreement is concluded for 2-3 years, less often for 5-6 years.
What documents are needed to rent an office in Singapore:

• Tenant's statement that he is renting an office (Intent to lease by the tenant);
• Letter of offer by the landlord with the balance of the total amount that the tenant must pay after signing the contract.

Coworking: One day for a freelancer will cost from $ 25 (Monday to Friday, from 9:00 to 18:00), if a certain number of visits per month is enough, you can take a package for at least $ 150. An unlimited monthly package starts at $ 200.

Internet: from $ 11 per month

Toronto

Renting an office in Toronto does not differ from other major cities in Canada and the United States with a high price. And this is despite the popularity of the city among big businessmen and startups. Another major city in Canada, Montreal, has similar prices for office rent and other business services.

Coworking: You can buy a subscription for a month of 40 hours of use for $ 100, you can pay separately for each day - from $ 20 or for an unlimited month: such packages cost from $ 250. If you want a separate desktop in an isolated location, you will have to pay more, usually $ 400-500. Many coworking spaces tell clients that a portion of their profits goes to charity.

Internet: from $ 50 per month

Shanghai

Interest in China among businessmen is growing rapidly. Russian businessmen, however, are in no hurry to transport production to Shanghai; most often they open a representative office there. This is not an independent legal entity, a representative office operates only on behalf of a company located in another country.
Advantages of opening a representative office in China:

• You can manage your business from an office in Shanghai;
• If the office workers are foreign citizens, then they can obtain a work permit and a residence permit for themselves and their families;
• The company can quickly search for goods, manufacturers, business partners, control the quality of goods and shipment.

High prices for office rent do not deter Russian businessmen who have decided to open a representative office.

Coworking: there is no data
Internet:$ 302 per month (average price)

What you need to know before looking for an office abroad

• In the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, and some Asian cities, office prices are quoted per year, per square foot (approximately 11 feet per meter).
• Always add 20-30% to the rental price. This is for electricity, gas, water, etc. Sometimes all services are included in the price, while the landlord always indicates this in the ad.
• The office lease contract is concluded for at least a year. In the United States, the minimum threshold is even higher.
• Find out immediately about the taxes that you will have to pay. The amount depends on the country, region, city, district, your company and even the class of the office.
• Consider the price for services to a realtor. In many countries, their help is indispensable.
• All over the world, offices are divided into several classes in terms of quality. The first two, class A and class B, are the most commonly used in ads. Class A offices are characterized by: the management of an international management company, individual finishing of premises or author's design, new and fashionable equipment, a hall for communication with VIP-clients, a reception. These offices are located on the highest floors of business centers. Class B has almost the same characteristics, but one level lower in quality. There will be no author's design and additional "chips" here. There are fewer requirements for such buildings.

Conclusion:

Many people think that the most expensive offices are located mainly in European cities and the United States. Startups take this factor into account and plan to move their business to Asia. It may have been like this before, but everything changes very quickly. Let's just say that out of the 20 most expensive offices in the world, 12 are located in Asian cities. This is most likely due to multinational companies that are rapidly moving their business from Europe and the United States to the Asian region. So those who want to move to Shanghai, Hong Kong or Singapore have something to think about.

Information used from sites: kijiji.ca, sharedesk.net, quora.com, businessinsider.com, mlit.go.jp, forbes.com, observer.com.

To open a test collection point, a couple of million rubles will be enough, and even less in small towns. Previously, such an item could be recouped in a year. But the competition is growing

Laboratory testing is a profitable business. The leader of the Russian market - the company "Invitro" - in 2014 earned almost 1 billion rubles. net profit with revenues of 6.6 billion rubles. Almost half of her income came from the activities of franchisees - independent points of acceptance of analyzes operating under the Invitro brand. Opening such a business is not as difficult as it might seem: the franchise owner provides supplies, provides logistics and even works with doctors to recommend testing at the right place. Those wishing to start their own business in this segment have plenty to choose from: in addition to the Invitro offer, there is a franchise of the Gemotest laboratory and several other networks on the market. But it is more and more difficult to count on quick success every year - the competition is growing.

How to start everything

The first Invitro franchise was sold in 2005. “Then we had no idea that we would transport biomaterial from 300 cities every day,” recalls Roman Ivanov, director of the retail sales department at Invitro. Today "Invitro" has over 800 medical offices in Russia and the CIS countries and nine of its own laboratories. Franchising program "Gemotest" started in 2010, when "Invitro" already had a fairly large network of offices. Despite this, the new player developed rapidly in those regions where Invitro was widely represented. "Gemotest" took advantage of the fact that "Invitro" restrained competition between its partners, giving priority in opening new points to entrepreneurs already working in the neighborhood. “At first I turned to Invitro, but they refused me in Khimki, and then I decided to open a Gemotest branch there,” recalls Sergei Kazakov, owner of two Gemotest laboratories - in Zelenograd and in Khimki near Moscow. Now "Gemotest" has 309 laboratory departments in 138 cities of Russia and three laboratories for processing analyzes: in Moscow, in Rostov-on-Don and in St. Petersburg.

Neither Gemotest nor Invitro require medical education from their partners. Both companies help entrepreneurs start a business from scratch by providing reasonably detailed start-up cost estimates. Each franchisee at Invitro is supervised by a medical administrator who is fully responsible for the medical part of the office, as well as a manager of the franchising department who is already working directly with the investor. “We are open to everyone, but an entrepreneur must work according to the company's strict standards,” says Ivanov from Invitro. "Gemotest" has a similar approach. “It is important that people understand that this business needs to be done,” explains Maria Kuznetsova, Marketing Director of Gemotest. “To think that you have premises, money, opened a branch and forgot about it, is fundamentally wrong.”

Neither company helps potential franchisees seek an initial investment. “The task of the franchisee is to find these funds and come to us on their own,” says Ivanov from Invitro. "Gemotest" has a consultant - the company "Master Franchises", which for a fee provides franchisees with legal and accounting support for the business and, if necessary, assists in attracting a loan.

How much will the franchise cost

The fundamental difference between the two franchises is in cost. The threshold for entering the market through Gemotest is 3-6 times lower than through Invitro: the lump-sum contribution is from 50 thousand rubles. (in cities with a population of less than 50 thousand people) up to 200 thousand rubles. (in Moscow and cities with a population of 500 thousand or more), while Invitro has a minimum threshold of 300 thousand rubles, and it will cost 700 thousand rubles to open an office in Moscow. “Our lump-sum contribution is purely symbolic, we have no goal of making money on it,” says Alexandra Maksimova, head of the Gemotest franchise sales department.

Commercial concession agreement in " Invitro "Is for three years, with" Hemotest »- for five years, the lump-sum fee is paid everywhere once upon the conclusion of the contract. Royalty at Invitro »Constitute a fixed amount: 28 thousand rubles. per month, but they begin to pay them at different times: franchisee in Moscow - starting from the fourth month of work, and in the regions - from the third year. V " Gemotest »royalty are tied to turnover: at first they amount to 1.18%, and then - 2.36% of turnover (in cities - millionaires - from the second year, in the rest - from the third).

Both companies provide the partner with detailed instructions on starting a business. The exact amount of the initial investment can be determined after the selection and approval of the premises - only then it will become clear how much will have to be invested in the most expensive - repairs and rent. When concluding a contract, Gemotest recruits two nurses for franchisees in Moscow free of charge, and trains three employees from any Russian city free of charge.

One of the Invitro franchisees Ksenia Polyakova (Photo: Oleg Yakovlev / RBC)

The requirements for the premises of "Invitro" are stricter than those of "Gemotest". “Being on the first line is the key to success,” Ivanov explains. "This is the retail rule: the store around the corner and the store outside are two big differences in revenue." "Gemotest" in this regard is a little less demanding: it is permissible to open a laboratory department in the second line of houses, but on condition that there are, for example, many clinics around, - says Maksimova. "The franchisee will significantly save on rent, while the flow of customers will be no less than on the first line." Maksimova warns that when concluding a lease agreement, franchisees seek rental vacations for a period of up to one and a half months, since a license for medical activities can be obtained only after the office is fully ready for work: can be the most difficult time for a franchisee. "

Due to the difference in the size of the lump-sum fee and recommendations for premises, the start-up investment in opening a laboratory under the Gemotest brand is 25-50% lower. Ksenia Polyakova, who has opened five medical offices of Invitro in Moscow since 2010, says that the first point cost her almost 4 million rubles. “Out of inexperience, we bought almost the most expensive furniture,” she tells RBC. - Each next office was already within 2-2.5 million rubles. taking into account the ultrasound apparatus ". In "Gemotest" they claim that opening an office in a city with a population of up to 200 thousand people can cost 0.85-1 million rubles.

Both companies strictly regulate practically the activities of their franchisees, including the appearance of employees, the design of a medical office, and the cost of services. “We give recommendations on all aspects of the work - the franchisee only needs to do their part of the work: competently serve the patient, accept him, take the biomaterial and send it to the central laboratory on time, where indicated,” says Ivanov from Invitro.

Biomaterial is delivered by car or plane; the franchisor pays for transport. Both Gemotest and Invitro provide partners with consumables both for collection (test tubes, syringes) and for transportation of biomaterial (transport containers and ice packs). The test results come in electronic and / or paper form.

Franchisees of both companies say it is almost impossible to change prices. But there are also exceptions. “It is unrealistic to change prices in Moscow, but in the regions it is different,” Denis Akimov, who owns more than 20 Invitro outlets in Moscow and Central Russia, told RBC. "If one franchisee occupies the entire region, then it is easier for him to convince the central office."

Control and penalties

Both companies conduct regular scheduled and unscheduled inspections of franchise branches, as well as use video surveillance systems at the reception and read patient reviews. For those who do not comply with the terms of the contract, penalties are provided: for example, in "Gemotest", if the branch does not open in the morning according to the schedule, the owner faces a fine of 10 thousand rubles. Penalties are also stipulated if the franchisee does not launch the laboratory department within 120 days from the date of signing the contract. In "Gemotest" they emphasize that they are flexible in each situation and that penalties are rarely applied. In "Invitro" strict control over the observance of the terms of the franchise, but in many ways it helps to conduct business, said franchisee in Moscow Ksenia Polyakova. “We are monitored by both mystery shoppers and compliance with standards,” she says. “But it helps me a lot, because, for example, when checking the SES, I can be sure that everything is in order.”

Laboratory economics

In both companies, the franchisee's revenue consists of three elements: the collection of biomaterials, agency fees, and additional services (for example, ultrasound, ECG, doctors' appointments, etc.). Both in "Invitro" and in "Gemotest" taking of biomaterial is paid separately, and this money remains in full with the franchisee. Clients pay separately for the actual analysis in the laboratory. The franchisee collects this money and at the beginning of each month pays most of this amount for the previous month to the parent company, retaining the so-called agency fee. At Invitro, the agency fee is a fixed 35% of the franchisee's revenue for analyzes for Moscow and 40% for the regions. The amount that the franchisee pays for these services to Gemotest increases with the growth of their revenue: from 50% with revenue from research less than 100 thousand rubles. per month up to 36% for revenue above 1.3 million rubles. Additional services, such as ECG or ultrasound, account for about 5-10% of revenue.

Marina Logvinenko, one of the Gemotest franchisees (Photo: Oleg Yakovlev / RBC)

The number of patients who pass through the department every day is critical to the business. According to “Invitro” estimates, the average attendance at their medical office is 35 people, in “Gemotest” - about 20, but in practice it is extremely difficult to calculate the number of calls in advance. “Gemotest had a point in Kaluga, where every day there were 120 people - there people could not stand it, they tried to open another department as quickly as possible to make it easier to work,” says Kazakov, Zelenograd franchisee of Gemotest. But, according to him, this is rather an exception: there are situations when the attendance does not exceed 15 people per day, which significantly increases the payback period of investments. “The level of state medicine is of great importance: if it offers something worthy, as in Moscow, the attendance will be lower, but in the regions laboratories are often at such a level that people have no choice but to apply for paid services,” says Kazakov.

Both companies help franchisees find their clients: the head offices work with doctors to recommend patients to visit one or another laboratory. Franchisees of both companies say that Invitro is doing this job better than Gemotest. An entrepreneur from Kolomna, who opened a department of "Gemotest" three years ago, complains that the flow of patients from doctors is very low. Because of this, he had to invest a lot in advertising (in the first year - 500 thousand rubles), the separation paid off only three years after its foundation. Zelenograd franchisee Gemotesta Kazakov jokingly says about the “mafia” of “Invitro”: “My point in Zelenograd has low attendance and profitability due to the popularity of competitors from“ Invitro ”in this area.” According to Kontur.Fokus, at the end of 2014, the Zelenograd office had revenues of RUB 3 million. and a net profit of 173 thousand rubles. Kazakov's more successful office in Khimki recouped the investment in six months.

“In the regions, we have to invest heavily in advertising,” says Akimov, the Invitro franchisee. “In Moscow and the Moscow region, 90% of people and doctors know the brand, and in the regions there are local players, and Invitro is included as an unknown player, and advertising should be big.” On average, each of Akimov's 20 points returned investments in 2.5 years.

The payback period in Moscow and the Moscow region is strongly influenced by competition. “In Moscow now almost every metro station already has one, or even two offices, and if we paid for the first office in two years, then with each next it was already more difficult,” says Polyakova, the Moscow franchisee “Invitro”. According to her estimates, now the new point is unlikely to pay off in less than three years. “The payback period has grown due to the large number of competitors,” agrees the Gemotest franchisee Kazakov. “On average, it takes two years or more, provided that a good location is chosen and residents are willing to pay.”

Semi-annual overpayment

According to the letter, three agreements were concluded between the bank and the landlord from 2012 to 2015. According to them, the bank occupies 12.7 thousand square meters. m and pays rent in the amount of 39.1 thousand rubles. for 1 sq. m per year, including VAT. In addition to rent, the bank pays utility bills and maintenance services, the amount of which does not change - 4.5 thousand rubles. for 1 sq. m per year. In total, in 2016-2017, the bank paid Otkritie Holding 1.1 billion rubles, as indicated in the text of the letter.

On January 29, the bank received a report from the appraisal company "Audit and Consulting", which found out that the rented premises cost 25% less than under the concluded contracts. So, the first floor should cost 36.7 thousand rubles. for 1 sq. m, and the rest of the floors - 31.6 thousand rubles. for 1 sq. m. For two years of lease, the overpayment, according to the calculations of FC Otkritie, amounted to 186 million rubles.

The weighted average rental rate for class A office premises near the Paveletsky railway station in 2017 amounted to 30.2 thousand rubles. for 1 sq. m per year, Vera Zimenkova, regional director of tenant services and office real estate at Colliers International, confirmed to RBC. According to her, the rental rate in Vivaldi Plaza is $ 550 per 1 sq. M. m per year. At the same time, the currency corridor voiced at the conclusion of new contracts of the O1 group is 55-65 rubles). Based on this, the possible rental rate for this office is up to 35.8 thousand rubles. for 1 sq. m per year.

According to the text of the letter, "FC Otkritie" suspends payments "in order to negotiate the drawing up of an act of reconciliation of settlements", the date and time of which will be agreed.

Reaction of the parties

The lease was drawn up with a clearly inflated rate, said a representative of FC Otkritie. He confirmed that the bank continues to pay only maintenance and utility bills, and proposes to proceed to negotiations on the base rental rate. “The bank, in the interests of depositors and the shareholder, the Central Bank, conducts a serious audit of all expenses in terms of its operating activities,” said the bank's representative.

The holding's representative calls the current situation “nonsense”. “In the contracts, rental rates are even lower than market rates. The report shows the base rental rate at the end of January 2018, which is significantly lower than in neighboring buildings, ”he says.

The holding also noted that the building is pledged on a loan to Trust Bank (included in the reorganization of FC Otkritie Bank. - RBK), which is serviced by rent payments, is certified by a representative of Otkritie Holding. According to him, if the bank stops paying for the lease, then the loan will be defaulted. "Thus, most likely, a situation is created to take possession of someone else's property using a standard raider scheme," he says, adding that earlier the bank offered to buy out the building at a price below the market price.