The concept and types of music. Styles in music: list, description, examples Song genres

Music is an integral part of most people's lives. Musical works are listened to in all corners of our planet, even in the most remote ones. Despite the huge popularity and importance of this art direction, many people do not think about what kind of styles and genres of music. This article discusses the TOP 10 musical directions that have not lost their popularity to this day.

Due to the variety of different genres, many of you are wondering: What styles of music are there? We tried to answer your question and organize the main styles of music into a separate list, which, according to experts, will always be popular despite many years.

1 Pop music

2 Rock

3 Hip-hop

4 RAP

5 R&B

6

7 Instrumental music

8 folk music

9 Electro

10 Trance music

ACID HOUSE- the second generation of "house", generated by the atmosphere of Chicago. It differs from other directions by an abundance of trippy synth sounds as well as a deeper psychedelic sound. A very important factor is the almost complete absence of vocals.

ACID JAZZ- a style of dance music that has gained particular popularity since the early 90s. Its origins can be called "funk", "soul" and dance traditions of the 70s, and the direct ancestor in terms of psychedelicity is ACID ROCK. From the point of view of purely musical characteristics, "acid jazz" is a vague concept. Clear riff thinking, a combination of rational dance parts with improvisations, rich and at the same time soft sound are decisive. Clear square structures at tempos ranging from 88 to 116 bpm, a large number of live instruments combined with electronic sound effects - this is what distinguishes acid jazz from proper jazz, funk and dance music.

AMBIENT- a musical style that appeared in the 70s. The term, like the concept, was introduced by Brian Eno. The style is characterized by the vagueness of any components: vague melodies, vague movement, often a complete absence of rhythm. In fact, this is not music at all in its classical sense, but a set of noises multiplied by delays and emphasized by reverb.

AVANTGARDE - Avant-garde rock, this concept, which arose in the mid-60s, absorbed everything that developed under the influence of jazz, rock, folk. The brightest representatives of this trend are "Velvet Underground" and "Mothers Of Invention". Later, the term "avant-garde" began to refer to various non-traditional forms of music.

ART ROCK- this term refers to a form of rock that combines electronic sound, rhythm and blues, Eastern and medieval European folklore, classics and jazz. Art-rock bands perform multifaceted compositions and entire suites. Church oratorios, medieval madrigals, Gothic chants and symphonic inserts became peculiar clichés in this style. Characteristic features are deep conceptualism, a large proportion of instrumental improvisational music, long pieces that go far beyond the scope of a pop single. Not the last role is played by scenography; mini-performances can be played during concerts. Among the representatives of this style are such groups as "King Crimson", "Yes", "Emerson, Lake & Palmer" and "Genesis". In modern pop music, there are also the terms "classic rock", "symphonic rock", "intellectual rock", they all mean almost the same thing, and it is simply impossible to clearly distinguish between them.

BALLAD(ballad) - a vocal composition, mainly of a narrative nature, from the folk culture of England in the 16th-17th centuries. Ballads are characterized by monophony, couplet-song form, laconic rhythms. From time to time, interest in this genre increased markedly, as a result of which Scottish ballads, Chopin instrumental ballads, jazz ballads, rock ballads and so on are known to the musical world.

BARD- (bard - a word of Celtic origin) poet and musician, performer of his own songs.

BEAT- this style appeared in the early 60s, when in America the wave of passion for rock and roll began to wane. In England, and more specifically in Liverpool, hundreds of bands began to emerge that played in schools, clubs and dances. They played the same rock and roll, but with the restraint characteristic of the British. The brightest representative of this style are the early "The Beatles".

BIG BEAT- the main distinguishing feature of the "big beat" is the specific sound created with the help of special studio equipment, as well as a strong weighting (compared to trip or hip-hop) of the main groove and overall texture. "Big Beat" combines the funky grooves of hip-hop, the power of rock and the swing techniques of house. It's better to dance to the "big beat" than to listen to it. Often in music publications "big beat" is also called "chemical beats". Among the founding fathers of "big beat" is called "CHEMICAL BROTHERS". If you hear a "fat" bass line, different from both "techno" and "jangle" with a bass drum on the first beat, if you feel a broken pulsing rhythm, don't hesitate - it's a "big beat". The most notable and famous representatives of this style are "EBOMAN", "PROPELLERHEADS", "RHYTHM ACE".

BLUES- this style was originally a solo performance by African Americans of lyrical compositions, mostly of a sad nature. The deliberate monotony and repetition of beats characteristic of the blues became the basis for rock and roll.

BREAK DANCE- a dance that appeared at the very beginning of the 80s in the New York Bronx quarter. Its roots go back to Africa, and the musical accompaniment is "rap" and progressive electronic music. Basic movements: sliding steps, jumps, rotation on the floor, as well as all kinds of acrobatic numbers. By the mid-80s, the break fashion had almost completely disappeared, but in the 90s it was remembered again.

BREAKBEAT- ("broken" beat) style, or to be more precise, a whole direction, was formed in the early 90s, stylistically finally formed in 1994. Great Britain is considered to be the place of his birth, and the main cities where this style was initially most widespread are London and Bristol. The name of the style fully reflects its essence: no directness and tenderness. Often the term "breakbeat" refers to very specific aggressive music at a tempo of about 130-140 bpm, with a dense guitar sound, with clear drum accents on beats 2 and 4 and fuss in the 3rd area. The main criteria for defining a "breakbeat" are clean, almost untreated drums and percussion (with the possible exception of compression) and a standard 4/4 rhythm. The purposefulness of the sound is emphasized by tangible bass lines, using analog devices like the "Roland TB-303". Sometimes, for the final pathos, wind instruments or a symphony orchestra are used.

BRISTOL SOUND- "trip-hop" from Bristol deserves special attention in this case. The most famous and prominent representatives of this trend are: "MASSIVE ATTACK", "PORTISHEAD" and Tricky. This style is characterized by a slow rhythm based on "hip-hop" combined with elements of "reggae dub" and interesting electronic sounds.

CLUB MUSIC- (club music) refers to a number of new directions that have become fashionable in recent times. Among them are "acid jazz", "drum-and-bass", "jungle" and others. A common feature is danceability, monotony, the use of sequencer and loop technology, the increased role of the DJ in creating music.

COUNTRY- purely American music, which embodies the traditions of the white population of the United States. Its roots are in folklore. Since the days of the Wild West, these unpretentious songs about love, loyalty, friendship and home have been performed on banjos, guitars and small fiddles. Such famous bands as "EAGLES" and "CREEDENCE" drew many of their ideas from country music.

DANCE MUSIC(dance music) is primarily electronic and related music. Although, of course, a rare work is now created without the help of a computer or a synthesizer. If you want to find your bearings in styles, the best way to find out the style of a particular dance composition is to ask its authors or look at the inscription on the record or CD. The fact is that many concepts are so vague that they are not subject to clear structuring.

DISCO- a musical style designed primarily for dancing. It appeared in the early 70s. The melody and rhythmic pattern is built around the same and frequent percussion beat (120 - 140 beats per minute). The brightest representatives of that time are "Boney" M", Donna Summer, "Bee Gees", etc. Subsequently, the "disco" style became the starting point for modern dance culture and gave rise to many fashionable styles and trends based on the use of modern the latest music technology.

DOWNBEATS- a musical style close to "hip-hop", a relaxing, rather slow rhythmic pattern with a soft, warm bass. This term appeared in connection with the publication in the press of reviews of the instrumental "hip-hop". In January 1998 the French band "AIR" released their debut album "Moon Safari", which is a great example of this category.

DREAM POP- originated in the early 80s on the basis of the British electronic psychedelic "PINK FLOYD", Brian Eno's ambient, Robert Fripp's "soundscapes", German "kraut-rock" research. "Dream Pop" created an atmosphere of some mystery, alluring and pleasant mystery, as if coming "from the depths of time". Representatives of this direction paid a lot of attention to arrangements, widely using acoustic, symphonic, "choral", as well as absolutely fantasy synthesizer timbres, used elements of the artistic language of "classics" and folk. In addition, they did not shy away from "visits" in pop music. Airy, flowing, "atmospheric" guitar-electronic matter, a voluminous sound with an abundance of percussions scattered over the stereo panorama, almost operatic, female vocals with a characteristic vibrato were the calling card of the "dream-pop" leaders. In the second half of the 80s, on the basis of "dream-pop", such a direction as "Shoegazing" grew, characterized by a richer guitar-synth sound and a gloomy spirit. On the other hand, the research of "dream pop" turned out to be close to relaxation music "new age", as well as some areas of "house" ("dream house", "trip hop", etc.).

DRUM"N"BASS- one of the embodiments of the concept of "breakbeat". Formed by the beginning of the 90s as a style that combines a bass line at 80 bpm and an abundance of various drums at 160 bpm. Nothing else. Due to the temperament of the drums, this style is perceived as danceable, due to the slower (often with a reggae character) bass line, it can be perceived as relaxing music. Gradually, beautiful, sometimes melancholic melodies began to be added to this style. In short, by the mid-90s "Drum" n "bass" slowly but surely transformed into intelligent jungle.

DUB - This musical style is most often used for chill-out. Its main distinguishing feature is a juicy, bright, loud bass leading a clear, albeit accompanying line. Another feature is a slow broken rhythm and a large amount of reverb.

ELECTRONIC MUSIC- a music school focused primarily on the study and application of the possibilities of sound synthesis, the creation of completely new, previously unheard, artificial timbres. Historically, the ground for the emergence of electronic music was prepared by the development of sonoristic interpretation of sound in the works of composers of the first half of the 20th century. Electronic music originated in Germany and first made itself known in 1951, when at the Summer Courses in Contemporary Music in Darmstadt, W. Mayer-Eppler demonstrated an example of "electrosound" montage. The largest representatives of the electronic school are the Germans Herbert Eimert, Karlheinz Stockhausen, Hans Werner Henze, the French Henri Pusser, Pierre Boulez, the Italians Bruno Maderna, Luciano Berio, the Japanese Toshiro Mayuzumi and others. row. The achievements of the electronic school have greatly influenced pop, rock and modern dance music.

FUNK- a direction that originated among black performers as a continuation of soul music, but on a different, more rigid rhythmic basis. In the late 60s, it became a prominent factor in the struggle of American blacks for their rights. Formed the basis of "fusion", "motown", "hip-hop" music, as well as some forms of modern "club music".

GABBER- the fastest and toughest kind of "hardcore" was invented in Holland in 1989. The number of beats per minute for this variety sometimes reaches 400, but basically this figure is within 200 BPM. Speeded up funny samples from children's radio programs and other funny sound sketches are often used, which are considered to give the music a certain goofiness.

GLAM-ROCK- the same as "glitter rock". This musical trend originated in the early 70s in the UK. It is characterized by pomposity, brilliance and emphasis on the appearance of an artist or musician. There is a lot of aesthetics and fantasy in the texts. The main representatives of this style are "KISS", DAVID BOWIE, ALICE COOPER, "ROXY MUSIC" and others.

HAPPY HARDCORE- pop and the most danceable variation on the theme of "hardcore". Childish voices, sugary melodies, the same fast beat, which, however, is softened by various commercially viable sounds and trendy synthesizers. A typical representative of this direction is the group "SCOOTER".

HARD ROCK- hard Rock. In the mid-60s, taking the "blues" as a basis, many groups, having made this musical style heavier, came close to the ideas of "hard rock". As an independent musical style, "hard rock" was fully developed by the end of 1966. At this time, a huge number of ensembles of the highest class simultaneously appeared in England and the USA, among them - "LED ZEPPELIN", "DEEP PURPLE", "BLACK SABBATH", "URIAH HEEP" and others. Each of them brought their own specific sound to this music. For several years, "hard rock" developed and expanded its capabilities, but by the mid-70s, interest in this music began to disappear. Nevertheless, many contemporary performers quite often turn to the cultural heritage of this style.

The logical continuation of "hard rock". The old authorities were replaced by ambitious youth, who had more than enough energy - they then splashed it out on the listeners in the late 70s. Musicians of this style played even harder and faster. Over time, "metal" has its own trends, the most significant - "THRASH" and "SPEED METAL". In this style, it is difficult to find original ways to develop and therefore many groups were similar to each other. But there were also real stars, for example, "METALLICA", "BON JOVI", "DEF LEPPARD", "SCORPIONS", "AC / DC", "AEROSMITH", "IRON MAIDEN" and others.

hip-hop- a kind of urban black subculture that came to the surface, beyond the ghetto in the early 80s. Having become fashionable, it went beyond the borders of the United States and covered for a short period a part of the white youth capable of perceiving "funk" music. The main components are rap, breakdance (electric boogie, breaking, frieze), graffiti and street sports. The 1990s saw a second wave of interest in hip hop, especially rap in its newer forms.

HOUSE MUSIC- this is the so-called "home music", because it could be made at home and at discos. She appeared in the mid-80s in Chicago and New York. DJs using several players, a sequencer and a synthesizer with the help of mixing and overlaying tracks played their own music, sometimes combining completely different performers. The structure of the classic "house" is quite simple: standard 4/4 time signature and not very fast tempo (about 120 BPM). A "solo" or a clap usually falls on the second and fourth quarters, and a hat sounds on every sixteenth beat (in the interval between the bass drum). "House" tracks are usually filled with bright and beautiful passages, major chords and simple but catchy melodies. The roots of the style come from such music as "disco" and "soul".

IDM (INTELLIGENT DANCE MUSIC)- The founder of this alternative direction of electronic music is the English techno musician Richard James, known as "Aphex Twin". It is generally accepted that the style originated in 1989, and the term was coined in the depths of computer networks in 1993 in order to denote music that did not fit into the framework of any of the existing styles, or was not at all similar. With the light hand of the English computer scientists who introduced this term, all incomprehensible experimental techno-music (that is, music using technology) began to be called the three letters IDM. At one time, bands from "Cosmic Baby" to "Cabaret Voltaire", from "Banco De Gaia" to "Goldie", from "Portishead" to "Underworld" fell under the definition of this style. Since then, this style has acquired a very definite framework.

INTELLIGENT- music with this characteristic is intended more for listening and relaxing pastime than for use at parties, especially as a decoration for the dance floor. There are intelligent variants of "jungle", "techno". Compared to pure styles, their reasonable versions are more melodic, atmospheric, and you can trace the theme, often very pretty.

JAZZ-ROCK- a conceptual direction that arose in the late 60s based on the synthesis of several musical cultures - jazz, funky soul, rock music, classical and ethnic music. An alloy of activity of white and black musicians, ancient east traditions and modern western technologies.

JUNGLE- the style was born in England in 1988. This is a musical direction that combines the energy of broken African rhythms and the possibilities of modern technology. "Jungle" features an aggressive sound, the accepted tempo: 180-190 bpm, rhythmic polyphony, torn bass line, free shifting of rhythmic patterns, slight timbre variety. Since 1992, there has been a style breakthrough on the big stage with the SL2 single "On A Ragga Tip". From now on, "jungle" is very popular, especially among the British and advanced jazzmen. Evidence of this sub-style "jungle jazz".

MINIMAL TECHNO- it's just an extremely simple rhythm and a few specific, often synthesized, sounds with a small amount of different noise. From a musical point of view, this style is very interesting and original precisely because of the maximum simplicity of execution.

NEW AGE- a kind of music, mostly instrumental, developed in connection with the activity of a new class - "young urban professionals" - "yuppies". Soothing, noble, mostly quiet music based on new classics and ancient meditativeness. Not aggressive, and inherently - not improvisational. Uses the most advanced electronic technology along with pure acoustic sounds.

POP MUSIC- a concept that covers a variety of styles, trends and genres of modern music. The term "pop music" first appeared in the late 1950s. and was originally used to refer to commercial rock music. Nowadays, pop music includes all the phenomena of the commercial music and entertainment industry. The most important means of distribution of pop music are radio, television and record companies. The modern pop music market is jointly owned by several European and American record labels with close ties to radio, press, shops and television. Their activities ensure the constant commercialization and standardization of creative findings, as well as the promotion of the popularity of "star" artists, legitimizing or skillfully copying a set of fashionable stylistic features.

POST-PUNK- one of the varieties of the "new wave", which replaced the "punk rock" of the second half of the 70s. Unlike the "new wave", "post-punk" is a stylistic concept, rather than a sociocultural one, although here we are also dealing not with a single style, but with a whole conglomeration of them. "Post-punk" emerged in 1977-78, when the British punk "hysteria" began to slowly calm down and become commercialized. The musicians who replaced the punk generation liked the independent spirit and raw sound of punk, however, they sought to express their attitude to the world around them with the help of new means of expression, new technologies, and timbres. In addition, the public is already tired of the aggressiveness, nihilism, cynicism, "dirt" that "punk" poured on it. Therefore, to some extent, post-punk became not only a continuation, but also a reaction to the work of its predecessors. He returned a note of romance to music, sometimes even sadness, depression, and focused on internal, personal problems. In addition to "punk", the formation of "post-punk" was also significantly influenced by the dance genre "disco", electronic "ambient", as well as many other sources - from "art rock" to American academic minimalism. Representatives of "post-punk" in Britain ("THE CURE", "ECHO & THE BUNNYMEN", "BAUHAUS", "JOY DIVISION", "JAPAN", etc.) played gloomy, cold, nervous music. The mood of the music of American post-punkers at the turn of the 70s and 80s was more positive, energetic, ironic. The musical style was eclectic: it combined individual features of "rock and roll", "big beat", garage rock of the 60s, "rockabilly", "country", "disco", and all this was based on a dance beat ( "THE B-52"s", "BLONDIE", "THE CARS", "PRETENDERS", etc.).

PROGRESSIVE- a word coined among music journalists, originally denoted the direction of techno music, which emphasized by no means skillful sampling and synthesizer "loops". Preference was given to exact copying of live instruments and the search for successful short melodies. However, a separate style was never formed, so the term "progressive" makes sense only as a characteristic (for example, "progressive house", etc.)

PUNK- originated in 1974 in New York, and it reached its apogee in 1976 in England. It is believed that this was a protest against official rock music, which embodied the despair of the younger generation. The philosophy of punks is elementary: universal nihilism and denial of social values. The main musical ideologist of the punk movement was the group "SEX PISTOLS".

RAGTIME- This is a genre of piano, later, orchestral music of the late XIX - early XX century. Received the widest distribution both on the stage and in everyday life. Despite the seeming ease, the piano style of "ragtime" requires a high level of technique.

RAVE- "rave", unlike the usual dance party, something like a collective meditation, when under the influence of a hard rhythm and electronic melodies, the dancers enter a semi-hypnotic state. The heart of rave is the DJ. There are many so-called styles in this music, they often differ only in drum pattern, but they are divided into two impressive groups - "trance" and "house". "Trance" is performed using analog synthesizers (and sometimes sampled "live" instruments, such as ethnic ones) and has a strong emotional impact on the listener, which is reflected in the title. "Trance" appeared in Europe, "house" was born in New York. Techno music originated in Germany in 1987, invented by a DJ named Westbam. DJs tend to specialize in one or more styles, but there are also generalists. R&B - (Rhythm and blues), a blues vocal-instrumental style of Negro music of the 1930s, which arose under the influence of swing. Subsequently commercialized. It is considered one of the earliest forms of Negro rock music. Its commercial modifications, created by white musicians, include "rock and roll" and "twist".

ROCK(short for rock "n" roll) - a trend in American and European popular music (since the 1950s), born on the wave of social "non-conformist" youth movements. Originating in the USA in the form of rock and roll, rock music has been gaining wide popularity since the 60s, thanks mainly to UK rock bands - THE BEATLES, ROLLING STONES, etc. (until the 80s .both countries occupied leading positions in world rock music). The assimilation by rock musicians of the compositional and harmonic features of the blues played a decisive role in shaping the style of rock music. Its essential features are a special rhythmic pulsation in the bass, the use of predominantly electromusical instruments, which determine the increased dynamic tone of the music, the prevalence of rhythmic and harmonic principles over melodic ones. In the future, developing in interaction with pop music and in connection with the expansion of show business, rock music underwent a significant stylistic evolution. Now it is a branched culture, consisting of many musical movements with their own characteristics in different countries.

ROCKABILLY is one of the most controversial styles of popular music in terms of its etymology. Few people in Europe know that for a long time in the USA "rockabilly" has been considered as one of the sub-styles of "country". "Rockabilly" combines elements of "hillbilly" and "rhythm and blues". This style originated in the southern United States among white teenagers who mixed elements of country music, the energy of "rock and roll" and the rhythms of black music.

ROCK N ROLL- this term appeared in the early 50s. So they began to call a slightly modified black "rhythm and blues". The white population of the United States needed their own dance music, which would be based on a clear bass rhythm and expressive melodies. In April 1954, the single "ROCK AROUND THE CLOCK" performed by Bill Haley appeared - it was he who served as the impetus for a sharp increase in interest in this style. In the 50s there were many first-class performers and composers: Chuck Berry, Buddy Holly, Little Richard, Jerry Lee Lewis, Elvis Presley - they all stood at the origins of "rock and roll". Over time, this style changed, absorbing various musical directions, lyrics from entertaining songs became philosophical and acutely social. Now this concept includes all modern guitar music, with the exception of mass dance culture.

SPEED GARAGE- the style of club dance music appeared in 1996, and 1997 was the time of its active growth in the music world. First the United States, then England, and soon the whole world began to move to the rhythms of "speed-garage". This was the beginning of a specific experimental "house", which quickly grew from experimental into a powerful dance movement, rightfully called the buzzword "speed-garage". A characteristic feature is the bass line, which literally occupies the foreground of the musical picture and sets an energetic pumping of rhythm and atmosphere on the dance floor, and it is thanks to this feature that "speed-garage" is rapidly popularized all over the world. By the way, that's probably why some people call "speed-garage" a dance mix of "house" and "jungle". Another feature of "speed-garage" music is the numerous and lengthy beatless sections that sometimes serve as a prelude to the second part of the composition, forcing the dancers to cheer up with a rising wave of interruptions and an incandescent atmosphere on the dance floor. It's time to move on to direct examples - there are a lot of them, but I will give the most pronounced ones: Goldie feat. KRS one "Da Digital" (Armand's Speed ​​Garage Mix), Double 69 "Ripgroove", Ultra Nate "Free" (R.I.P. Up North Mix), Mousse T, Armand van Helden, Todd Terry, Double 99, Ultra Nate, 187 Lockdown, Serious Danger "Speed ​​Garage" is a great club dance hybrid of old and new in today's dance culture.

SPEED-METAL- one of the early varieties of "metal", which appeared in the first half - mid-80s. It was determined by a faster tempo than in "classical" heavy metal, more aggressiveness, militancy, energetic sound, gravitation towards virtuoso guitar soloing and high-speed "chess" in accompaniment (hence the name: from the English speed - speed), more a frequent rhythmic grid (two barrels), a more expressive vocal manner (very high tenor or "growling" vocals). "Speed ​​metal" did not result in a powerful, mass direction, becoming, rather, a transitional stage to thrash metal: the latter took as a basis such qualities as high speed of execution, technicality, assertiveness, interpreting them in their own way towards even greater aggression in "thrash". Nevertheless, the influence of "AIDS" continues to be traced to this day, even at the level of individual works. Among the actual "speed" works are the following: the debut of the American band "METALLICA", the early albums of the Canadian band "EXCITER", the German "HELLOWEEN", "RAGE", "BLIND GUARDIAN". Sometimes the work of such masters of guitar art as Yngwie Malmsteen and Joe Satriani is also referred to as "speed metal", which is not true, even taking into account the extreme technicality, virtuosity and inspiration inherent in these performers.

SURF- a purely American musical style that arose in the early 60s. Its brightest representative was the group "BEACH BOYS", who performed sweet songs with a simple motive.

SWING- the style of orchestral jazz that developed at the turn of the 1920s and 30s. as a result of the synthesis of Negro and European style forms of jazz music. A characteristic type of pulsation based on constant deviations of the rhythm (leading or lagging) from the reference shares. This creates the impression of a large internal energy in a state of unstable equilibrium.

SYNTY POP- a style that became one of the notable phenomena in line with the early "new wave" (along with post-punk, with which synth-pop has many intersections). At the turn of the 70-80s, the short-lived, but very bright period of "punk" ended. But for some British musicians, the idea of ​​"punk" was so sweet that they were not going to part with it. Innovators like Gary Numan and HUMAN LEAGUE have moved to synths and drum machines, fusing the frantic energy of "punk rock" with the disco beats and electronic possibilities already proven by "computer geniuses" like "KRAFTWERK", "CAN" and Brian Eno (Brian Eno). The perfect balance between dark, gloomy-melancholic energy and danceability was found by "DEPECHE MODE". Turned to synth-pop "JOY DIVISION" and "NEW ORDER". Synth-pop is often referred to as BRONSKI BEAT, PET SHOP BOYS, Howard Jones and some other artists who appeared on the scene closer to the mid-80s. Very non-commercial at first, focused on a hard, chilly synth sound and minimalist "hooks", the "synth-pop" movement quickly modulated into a more entertaining, romantic plane, acquired a smoother sound (with formulaic melodies and types of accompaniment), a major mood. On the basis of "post-punk" and "synthesis-pop" in 1981-82, the "new romanticism" movement started, later - electro-pop and "gothic".

TECHNO- this term appeared in the late 70s - early 80s, when musical compositions acquired a futuristic sound, minimalist melodies and mechanistic vocals became the norm, someone decided to call it all techno-pop. It is clear that the defining attributes of "techno" are all sorts of technologies, from the drum machine to the sampler. In addition to, so to speak, a general meaning, "techno" has one more thing: it is a dance style with a straight beat and clear melodies for three or four chords. After the heavy wave of "Detroit techno" of the late 80s - early 90s, this term was firmly and reliably entrenched in hard minimalist music in the tempo range of 130-150 bpm.

TECHNO HARDCORE- a heavier, less abstract and more aggressive version of "techno". Very fast and direct beat, plenty of industrial sounds, screams, screams, grinding and howling synth themes. In "hardcore" tracks, people like to use "crashes", as well as effects such as "distortion". A distinctive feature of this style is a fast tempo (from 170 to 400BPM) and a hard bass drum, passed through distortion. It is worth saying that it was in the "hardcore" in the old days that they first began to use the broken rhythm, characteristic of the "jungle" tracks. Along with a straight beat, you can also hear quite syncopated fills.

THRASH-METAL- one of the varieties of "metal", which arose in the first half of the 80s. The primary credit for the formation of ("thrash" belongs to American musicians (most of them natives of California), who fell in love with British "heavy metal". Rave reviews of the "new wave of British heavy metal" seeped into America through the press, and music reached the New World on records.Among the groups of the first "thrash echelon", in addition to "METALLICA", one should name "MEGADETH", "EXODUS", "ANTHRAX", "SLAYER", "OVERKILL", "TESTAMENT", "ANNIHILATOR "," SEPULTURA", "KREATOR", etc. "Thrash" is characterized by hard, lapidary bass and guitar riffs, "infernal" tritone turns (coming from "BLACK SABBATH"). The tempo in "thrash", as in "speed -metal", ranges from moderately fast to very fast. A typical sign of "thrash" is an intense bass-guitar tremolo and rhythmic unison with bursts of two barrels (hence the name of the style: from English to thrash - thrash, drum). Vocal lines are often dissonant with the instrumental texture, although in general m vocal style, albeit quite forced, can not be called anti-musical. The role of "thrash metal" for the further development of international "orthodox" and "alternative" heavy music cannot be overestimated. Varieties of "thrash" are "techno-thrash" and "thrashcore".

TRIP HOP- England is considered the birthplace of this style, where most of the musicians of this direction come from. The name "trip hop" was given in 1994, although similar music was played much earlier. The style is based on a slow (no more than 110 bpm) broken rap movement. Most often, this is instrumental music, often it contains elements of jazz. Live instruments here are successfully combined with electronic ones.

Music genres(genres of music) - a list and a brief description of musical genres and trends.

Music genres

1. Folk music - music of various peoples of the world.

2. Latin American music- a generalized name for the musical genres and styles of Latin American countries.

3. Indian classical music- the music of the Indian people, one of the most ancient genres of music. It takes its origins from the religious practices of Hinduism.

4. European music- a generalized concept that characterizes the music of European countries.

5. Pop music Disco (from the word "disco") is a genre of dance music that originated in the early 1970s. Pop (from the word "popular") is a type of mass musical culture. Light music (from “easy listening” - “easy to listen to”) - music that covers different styles, the common thing in such music is simple, catchy melodies. The singer who performs music in the genre of Pop - Madonna.

6. Rock music - the generalized name of the direction of music, the word "rock" means - "swing, rocking" and indicates the rhythm of the music.

country rock - a genre that combines country and rock, and became part of rock and roll after Elvis Presley performed at the 1955 Grand Ole Opry.

southern rock - "southern" rock, was popular in the USA in 1970.

heartland rock - "rock from the outback", founded in 1980 on "country" and "blues".

garage rock - founded in the United States of America and Canada in 1960, the forerunner of "punk rock".

surf rock - (from the English "surf") - American beach music, was popular in the early 60s.

instrumental rock - this is a genre of rock music, the music of this genre is dominated by music, not vocals, was popular in the 1950s and 1960s.

folk rock - a genre that combines elements of folk and rock, was formed in the UK and the USA in the mid-1960s.

blues rock - a hybrid genre that combines elements of blues and rock and roll, began its development in England and the USA in 1960.

Rock'n'roll - (from the word "roll") the genre, born in the 1950s, in the United States, is an early stage in the development of rock music.

Merseybit - (the meaning of the genre comes from the name of the bands from Liverpool, which is located near the River Mersey)—the genre originated in the UK in the 1960s.

Psychedelic Rock - musical genre, it originated in Western Europe and California in the mid-60s, is associated with the concepts of "psychedelia" (hallucinogens).

progressive rock - a genre that is characterized by the complication of musical forms and the introduction of dialogue.

experimental rock - a style that is based on experiments with the sound of rock music, another name is avant-garde rock.

Glam rock - (from the word "spectacular" - "glamorous") - the genre originated in the UK in the 1970s.

pub rock is the forerunner of punk rock, a genre of music that arose in the 1970s as a protest by British rock representatives against the excessive purity of sound in American AOR and prog rock.

hardcore - the genre appeared in the UK and the USA in the late 1970s. The sound is faster and heavier than the traditional punk rock sound.

skiffle - singing with accompaniment. The instrumentation included a washboard, a harmonica, and a guitar as a rhythm instrument.

Hard rock - ("hard rock") - a genre that is characterized by the release of the sound of percussion instruments and bass guitar. The genre originated in the 1960s and took shape in the early 1970s.

Punk rock - a musical genre that was formed in the USA in the 1970s, a little later - in the UK. The meaning that early bands put into this genre is "the desire to play dominates the ability to play."

bard rock - a genre that appeared in the "Soviet Union" in the 1970s. Developed under the influence of poetry: Viktor Tsoi, Okudzhava.

J-rock ("Japanese rock") is the name for the various styles of rock music that originated in Japan.

Metal - a genre that was formed and hard rock in England and the United States, in the 1970s.

post-punk - a musical genre that was formed in the late 1970s in the UK. It was a continuation of punk rock and was distinguished by a variety of self-expression in music.

new wave - a direction that includes different genres of rock music, ideologically and stylistically broke with all previous rock genres. It emerged in the late 1970s and early 1980s.

no wave - direction in cinema, music and performance art. Developed in New York in the late 1970s. This is a kind of response of free musicians and artists to the commercial "New Wave".

stoner rock is medium tempo or slow music with low frequency musical instruments such as bass and guitar.

The genre originated in the 1990s, based on the work of the Kyuss group.

Alternative rock - this term refers to various styles of rock music. Appeared in the 1980s and covers many styles and trends that originate in post-punk, punk rock and other styles and musical genres.

post-rock is an experimental musical genre of rock music. The genre is characterizedthe use of instruments that are usually used in rock music and chords that are not characteristic of rock (traditional).

7. Blues - a musical genre that originated at the end of the 19th century, in the Southeastern United States in the African American community, among the rebels of the Cotton Belt.

8. Jazz - a genre of music that arose in the late 19th and early 20th centuries in the United States as a result of the synthesis of European and African cultures.

9. Country - (“country music”) is one of the most widespread varieties of North American music.

10. Chanson - (translated from French - chanson, which means song).

Has 2 meanings:

1. French cabaret song.

2. Soviet song in French, Renaissance and late Middle Ages.

The first composer and poet who performed songs in the chanson style was Guillaume de Machaux.

The peculiarity of the genre is that the performer, author of the song, music and words is one and the same person.

12. Romance - ("romance" means - "in Spanish") - a short poem that has a lyrical content, sung to the music. The term itself originated in medieval Spain and meant a Soviet song sung in Spanish.

13. Blatnaya song - a genre of a song in which it is sung about heavy morals and life in a criminal environment. Since the 1990s, the Russian music industry has called the thieves' song "Russian chanson", although it has nothing to do with chanson.

13. Electonic musicis a musical genre denoting music that has been created using electronic musical instruments. Often, various computer programs are used to create it.

14. Ska - a style that appeared in the late 1950s, in Jamaica.

The style is characterized by a 2 by 4 rhythm: when the bass guitar or double bass emphasizes odd drum beats, and the guitar emphasizes even ones.

15. Hip-hop - a genre of music that originated in New York, among the working class - on November 12, 1974. Hip-hop was founded by DJ Kevin Donovan.

The above list includes only the most popular musical genres.

Currently, new musical genres (genres of music) and directions are constantly emerging.

Lady Gaga - Judas (combines electronic music and dance rhythms).

What are the styles of music? Musical style is a capacious and multifaceted concept. It can be defined as a figurative unity, a set of means of expressing artistic and ideological content through the language of music.

The concept of music style is so broad that its concretization itself suggests itself: this term refers both to various eras, genres, trends and schools, as well as to individual composers and even performers. Let's try to figure out what styles of music are.

Era style

The concept of the style of the era focuses on the historical aspect. There are many classifications, some of which distinguish the largest historical eras in the development of music (Renaissance, Baroque, Classicism, Modernity, etc.), while others, on the contrary, split the history of music into relatively small periods previously identified by other art history disciplines (romanticism , impressionism, modernism, etc.).

A classic example of the style of the era is baroque music, the characteristic features of which are interest in the inner world of the individual, drama, a contrasting image of the forces of nature, the development of opera and instrumental music (C. Monteverdi, A. Vivaldi, G.F. Handel).

genre style

Style reflects the specifics of the content, musical techniques and features of certain musical genres, which, in turn, can be classified according to different grounds.

Therefore, the concept of style is most acceptable for those in which the most common features are clearly expressed. This includes genres based on folk music (various ritual songs, folk dances), church chants, and romances.

If we take major works (opera, oratorio, symphony, etc.), then here the style of the genre is always clearly read, despite the fact that the styles of the era, trends and the author's style are superimposed on it.

But if the composer comes up with some new genre, then in this case it is difficult to immediately establish the features of the genre style - for this, time must pass, during which other works in the same genre will appear. So it was, for example, with Mendelssohn's "songs without words". Agree, a strange song without words, but after his 48 samples of plays in this genre, other composers began to boldly call their plays by the same name.

Music direction style

The style of the musical direction in many respects has something in common with the style of the era: after all, some directions are considered by musicologists as entire eras in music.

But there are also such directions for which it is possible to single out stylistic nuances peculiar only to them. These include the Viennese classical school (L. van Beethoven, J. Haydn, W. A. ​​Mozart). The classical direction is characterized by simplicity, expressiveness, rich harmonic language, detailed development of the theme.

Speaking about what styles of music are, one cannot pass by national characteristics.

national style

Folklore is the basis of the national musical style. Many great composers were inspired by folk melodies, weaving them into their creations. Some works even have appropriate titles (for example, Hungarian Rhapsodies by F. Liszt, “Hungarian Dances” by I. Brahms, “Norwegian Folk Songs and Dances for Piano” by E. Grieg, “Jota of Aragon” by M.I. Glinka). In others, folk motifs become leading themes (for example, “In the field a birch stood” in the finale of P. I. Tchaikovsky’s Fourth Symphony).

If we approach the question of what styles of music are, from the point of view of composer schools, individual composers and musicians, then several more musical styles can be distinguished.

Composers association style

If the school of composition is characterized by a high degree of commonality of artistic techniques, then it is logical to single out the style inherent in this school.

We can talk about the styles of the polyphonic schools of the Renaissance, the styles of various Italian opera schools of the 17th century, or the styles of the instrumental schools of the 17th-18th centuries.

In Russian music of the 19th century, there was also a creative association of composers - the famous "Mighty Handful". The stylistic commonality among the composers included in this group was manifested in a single line of development, the choice of plots, and reliance on Russian musical folklore.

The style of an individual composer

Composer's style is a concept that is much easier to specify, because the work of any composer is limited to a relatively short time period and certain trends in the musical era. So, literally by the first bars you can recognize, for example, the music of Mozart or Rossini.

Naturally, a composer, like any person, changes throughout his life, and this leaves an imprint on the style of his work. But some stylistic features still remain unchanged, inherent only to him, are a kind of "calling card" of the author.

Performing style

Performing art is based on the individual style of performance of the musician, who interprets the composer's intention in his own way. The performing style is manifested in the emotional coloring of the performance of the works of one or another author.

Vivid examples here are those composers who were, in addition, virtuoso musicians. These are Niccolo Paganini, who amazed the audience with impeccable technique and unusual methods of playing the violin, and the brilliant pianist Sergei Rachmaninov, a true knight of music, who subordinated the melodic canvas to a strict rhythmic pattern.

Here are the styles of music. This list, of course, can be supplemented by classification on other grounds, since the world's musical heritage is large and diverse.

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Music Genres, Movements and Styles Sample Header Organization Emblem This template can be used as an initial file for presenting learning materials to a group of students. Sections To add sections, right-click a slide. Sections allow you to organize your slides and organize collaboration between multiple authors. Notes Use the notes section to post speaker notes or additional information for the audience. While the presentation is playing, these notes are displayed in the presentation view. Pay attention to the font size (it is important to ensure legibility in low vision, filming and reading from the screen) Matching colors Pay special attention to graphs, charts and inscriptions. Please note that printing will be done in black and white or grayscale. Run a test print to make sure the color difference is maintained when printing in black and white or grayscale. Charts, tables, and graphs Keep it simple by using consistent, simple styles and colors whenever possible. Label all charts and tables.

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The musical genre is a multi-valued concept that characterizes the types and types of musical creativity in connection with their origin, conditions of performance and perception. The musical genre is one of the most important means of artistic identification. Sample title Give a brief overview of the presentation. Describe the main essence of the presentation and justify its importance. Introduce each of the main themes. To give your listeners a point of reference, you can repeat this overview slide throughout your presentation, highlighting the topic that will be discussed next.

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Folk music (from English folk music - folk music) is a general term for varieties of popular music based on traditional folk music (mainly European peoples) or including elements of folk music. Subgenres: Folk rock Folk metal/Folk metal Psychedelic folk/Psychedelic folk Neofolk/Neofolk (dark folk) Folk punk/Folk Punk Folk jazz/Folk jazz Electrofolk Ethnic music/World music Country/Country (USA)

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Sacred music - Music of a religious nature, intended to be performed during prayers, worship and in everyday life. Church music, as a rule, is written on the basis of or under the influence of texts of religious content (for example: the Bible). Directions and genres of sacred music: Gregorian chant, Christian music Catholic music Orthodox music Kabbalistic music Gospel-pop Spirituals African-American sacred music Church hymns Liturgy

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Classical music is a concept free from terminological strictness, which is used, depending on the context, in various meanings. History of classical music: Middle Ages (476-1400) Renaissance (1400-1600) Baroque (1600-1760) Classicism (1730-1820) Romanticism (1815-1910) XX century (1901-2000) Contemporary classical music (since 1975)

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Academic music is music that is in relation to continuity, first of all, to those formed in Europe in the 17th-19th centuries. musical genres and forms, melodic and harmonic principles and instrumental composition. - Motet - Salon music - Neoclassicism - Chamber music - Opera - Operetta - Cantata - Oratorio - Chorale - Mass

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Latin American music (Spanish musica latinoamericana) is a generalized name for the musical styles and genres of Latin American countries, as well as the music of people from these countries who compactly live in other states and form large Latin American communities (for example, in the USA). In colloquial speech, the short name "latin music" (Spanish: musica latina) is often used. This is another option for overview slides that use transitions.

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Latin music styles: Rumba/Rumba Merengue/Merengue Samba/Samba Tango/Tango Son Mambo/Mambo Cha-cha-cha/Cha cha cha Pachanga/Pachanga Bossa nova/Bossa nova Salsa/Salsa Zuk/Zouk Bachata/Bachata Lambada/Lambada

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Blues (English blues from blue devils) is a musical form and musical genre that originated at the end of the 19th century in the African-American community of the Southeastern United States, among immigrants from the Cotton Belt plantations. It is (along with ragtime, early jazz, rap, etc.) one of the most influential contributions to the world musical culture - African American.

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Blues styles: Swamp blues/Swamp blues Rhythm and blues/Rhythm and blues Doo-wop/Doo-wop Soul/Soul Funk/Funk Modern R&B/Contemporary R&B New jack swing/New jack swing Delta -blues/Delta blues Chicago blues/Chicago blues Country blues/Country blues Swamp blues/Swamp blues Blues-rock/Blues Rock African blues Boogie-woogie

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Jazz is a form of musical art that arose in the late 19th and early 20th centuries in the United States as a result of the synthesis of African and European cultures and subsequently became widespread. Characteristic features of the musical language of jazz initially became improvisation, polyrhythm based on syncopated rhythms, and a unique set of techniques for performing rhythmic texture - swing. Further development of jazz occurred due to the development of new rhythmic and harmonic models by jazz musicians and composers.

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Rock (Eng. Rock) is a generalized name for a number of areas of popular music. The word "rock" - to swing - in this case indicates the rhythmic sensations characteristic of these directions associated with a certain form of movement, by analogy with "roll", "twist", "swing", "shake", etc. For rock -musicians are characterized by the performance of compositions of their own composition. Rock is also a special subcultural phenomenon; subcultures such as mods, hippies, punks, metalheads, goths, emo are inextricably linked to certain genres of rock music. This is a different option for overview slides that use transitions.

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Popular styles of ROCK music: - Alternative metal / Alternative rock - Hard rock / Hard rock - Metal / Metal - Heavy metal / Heavy metal - Punk rock / Punk rock - Pop rock / Pop rock, Pop N "Rock - Art rock / Art rock - Experimental rock / Experimental rock - Garage rock / Garage rock - Grunge / Grunge - - Instrumental rock - Glam rock / Glam rock - Indie rock / Indie rock - Soft rock / Soft rock - Symphonic rock /Symphonic rock

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Electronic music (from the English. Electronic music, colloquially also "electronics") is a broad musical genre that refers to music created using electronic musical instruments and technologies. Although the first electronic instruments appeared at the beginning of the 20th century, electronic music as a genre developed in the second half of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century and includes dozens of varieties.

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Varieties of electronic music: - Academic electronic music - Electro-acoustic music - Concrete music

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