Portrait of the design of the human head and its proportions. Lesson topic: “The design of the human head and its proportions.” Exhibition of student works

Lesson No. 19 (Art in 6th grade) ____________________

Lesson topic: The design of the human head and its proportions

Purpose of the lesson: to introduce students to the patterns in the design of the human head, the proportions of a person’s face, the size and shape of the eyes, nose, the location and shape of the mouth, to teach how to depict a human head; develop observation and creative activity; cultivate aesthetic taste, intensify cognitive interest in the world around us.

Materials: pencils, album, eraser.

Lesson type: combined.

During the classes:

Organizing time

Greetings

Checking students' readiness for the lesson

2. Statement of the topic and purpose of the lesson.

Today in the lesson we will continue to get acquainted with one of the most complex and attractive genres - portraiture.

The topic of our lesson: “The design of the human head and its proportions.”

The goal of the lesson is proposed to be formed by the students themselves using the table “Learn, study, learn, apply, create.”

Repetition and verification of D/Z

Survey of students on the material assigned for home: conversation, tests, work on cards on the topic “The image of a person is the main theme of art.”

At the blackboard Two students are tested on their knowledge of types of portraits.

For weak students, tests are given on the history of the portrait. For the strong, cards with great portrait artists with “passes” of the artists’ names. While work is going on at the board, the class is surveyed from the front.

Portraits of Ancient Rome, the Renaissance, and Modern times are displayed on the screen. The correspondence of the image of a person with the arts of different eras is questioned frontally.

Working on the topic.

Guys, if you look at each other, you will see that everyone has a mouth, a nose, two eyes, eyebrows, a forehead, and hair above them. But, nevertheless, everyone is completely different. Why? Yes, because everyone is not alike - everyone has different shapes and sizes of eyes, lips, noses.

Our face is very mobile and can instantly express our inner state.

If we are sad, about to cry, the corners of our lips fall down, our eyebrows gather into a fold on the bridge of our nose or rise up. What if we're having fun? The lips “blur” into a smile, the corners rise up, rays-folds appear near the eyes and the eyes begin to shine like the sun. And if we are angry, our lips rise into a “stripe”, our eyebrows move over our eyes. We call all these muscle movements on the face facial expressions.

Now look at how to sketch different facial expressions on a person. (Demonstration of a diagram of facial expressions of the main ten emotions, where the positions and shape of a person’s eyes, mouth and forehead are shown with strokes).

But this is not enough to draw a portrait. Without knowing the proportions, the drawing turns out awkward.

Repetition of proportions (material from the previous lesson)

Proportions are the ratios of the sizes of parts that make up one whole.

It has been established that the line of the eyes runs exactly in the middle of the head, let's consider the placement of the remaining details of the face. (Demonstration and discussion of a schematic drawing of the structure of the human head). If the entire height of the head is taken as one, then it turns out that the crown will occupy 1/7 of this value, the forehead, nose and the distance from the nose to the lower point of the chin - 2/7 each. The mouth line is located approximately 1/3 of this distance. This value - 1/7 of the height of the head - turns out to be the modulus for the width of the head. It is laid 5 times in width. The distance between the eyes, as well as between the extreme points of the wings of the nose, the length of the eyes, the distance from the extreme points of the eyes to the extreme points of the temples is still one.

The head is symmetrical and can be drawn on the basis of a conventional line that runs in the middle of the forehead between the eyes, along the nose, in the middle of the mouth and chin. This line is called the middle line and is used to construct paired symmetrical shapes.

The main parts of the face include the eyes, nose, lips, and ears.

Leonardo da Vinci, classifying the shapes of the nose, divided them into “three varieties”: straight, concave (snub-nosed) and convex (hump-nosed). (Demonstration of drawings of the main shapes of the nose, eyes, lips). Lips, like eyes, are the most expressive parts of the face. They are very diverse in shape. The nature of the eyes and their placement can be varied: there are large and small eyes, more or less convex, etc.

4. Consolidation of educational material: creative practical work.

Goal: to practice and consolidate techniques for depicting a human head.

Assignment: Draw a human head.

Let's draw an egg-shaped oval. Divide the oval in half horizontally - we will get an eye line and vertically. Divide the eye line into 5 equal parts. We draw the eyes with two arched lines.

The distance between the eyes is equal to the eye. Let's check.

Shade the pupil darker and the iris lighter. To prevent your eyes from popping out, cover your pupils with your eyelids.

Draw the upper eyelid, on which the eyelashes are located. We draw eyelashes in the direction from the nose. We draw the lower eyelid, draw eyelashes.

The eyebrows are located above the eyes. They are different for all people: oval, triangular or like wings. Let's draw them. Shade them in the direction from the nose.

But the shape of the nose resembles an elongated triangle. Look carefully at how the nose is drawn. From the eyebrows we draw two parallel lines to the bridge of the nose, slightly diverging towards the tip of the nose. We draw the wings of the nose with arched lines. We draw the nostrils using arcuate lines.

Everyone's lips are different, but remember that the line of the mouth is located 1/3 of the distance from the base of the nose to the end of the chin, the corners of the lips are at the level of the pupils of the eyes. We draw lines from the pupils down. From the middle, draw the upper lip with two arched lines to the left and right. Draw the lower lip with an arcuate line. Let's shade it. The upper lip is darker, the lower lip is lighter, as the light falls on it.

Draw the supralabial folds.

The size of the ear is equal to the distance between the line of the eyes and the line of the nose. From the side the ear looks like a snail, and from the front it looks like a semi-oval. We draw the ears closer to the head, draw the urine of the ear, and mark the pits.

Using a soft pencil, highlight the eyebrows, eyelashes, pupil, nostrils, and lips.

We denote the face with an arcuate line. Drawing hair. Create an image of a boy or girl.

During practical work, students make targeted walks in order to monitor the correct execution of work techniques; providing assistance to students experiencing difficulties in work; control of the volume and quality of work performed.

Lesson summary. Reflection:

The guys speak in a circle in one sentence, choosing the beginning of a phrase from the reflective screen on the board.

Today I found out...

It was interesting…

I realized that...

It was difficult…

Now I can…

I learned…

I will try…

Lesson topic: The design of the human head and its basic proportions (sketches of the human head).

Target: study the patterns in the design of the human head and facial proportions.

Tasks:

Develop skills in depicting a human head in accordance with proportions.

Cultivate aesthetic taste; to develop the ability to find beauty, harmony, and beauty in a person’s appearance.

Develop skills to analyze, compare, generalize.

Materials: paper, simple pencil.

Using a computer in preparation for a lesson: Teacher in the program Power Point creates a presentation with informative and illustrative materials; in a programme Word prepares lesson developments.

TCO: Computer, projector with screen.

During the classes:

Organizing time

1) Greeting, positive attitude towards the lesson.

2) Communicate the topic and purpose of the lesson.

3) Determining the degree of readiness for the lesson.

Conversation

When we see a person - in life or in a picture, we first of all pay attention to his head. The head is the most expressive part of the human figure. An educational image of a person’s head differs significantly from a drawing or portrait.

In order for us to learn how to draw a person, we need to learn the technique of drawing a head. At the first stage of studying the head drawing, we will consider the head precisely as a spatial form, i.e. design. It is known that all spatial forms are reduced to simple geometric bodies.

What shape is our head? (The head is round in shape)

What does the head resemble in volume? (The volume of the head resembles an egg (ovoid)).

It is also important to know that our head consists of two parts - the cranial and facial. When paying attention to a person's head, we first of all pay attention to the person's face and always exaggerate it in scale relative to the skull. Look carefully at each other's faces. Notice that the eye line is approximately in the middle of the overall outline of the head. The height of the forehead along the hairline and the height of the head to the crown, covered with hair, are almost equal. The lower parts of the head also have equal proportions. Proportions are the ratios of the sizes of parts that make up one whole. Compliance with proportions in the image of the human head is most important (slide 2)

It is very important to correctly determine the place of the eyes in the drawing. The distance between the eyes is approximately equal to the length of the eye or the width of the nose. Under no circumstances should you reduce the distance between the eyes; this may lead to distortion of the depicted face. The human nose is shaped like a prism, we see its top side, sides and bottom base where the nostrils are located. The mouth is located midway between the base of the nose and the jawline. The shape of the cheekbones and temples plays an important role. The length of the ears coincides with the distance from the eyebrows to the base of the nose (but we must remember that in life we ​​can meet people with not very regular and proportional facial features, here the external characteristics of the person will take place) (slide 3).

For the first time, ideas about the ideal proportions of a person appeared in Ancient Greece, as ancient Greek thinkers were looking for the ideal of any phenomenon. Sculptor Polykleitos(slide 4) created the famous treatise “Canon” on the proportional relationship of the human body. In this treatise he paid great attention to the Pythagorean theory of the golden division. In ancient times it was believed that the human figure was created on the basis of the principles of Pythagoreanism, i.e. the entire length is related to the larger part as the larger one is to the smaller one. But the true canon of Polykleitos is his sculpture “Doriphoros”- another name for “Spearman” (slide 5) . The composition of the work is based on the principle of asymmetry; the entire figure expresses movement. As for the face, the distance from the chin to the crown of the head in the statues of Polykleitos is 1/7, and from the eyes to the chin is 1/16, and the height of the face is 1/10. The creation of Polykleitos was the first and perhaps the best example of ideal proportions.

Later, ideas about ideal proportions changed, but the interest of masters in the doctrine of proportions and understanding the plastic structure of a person remained.

Creative task

Today we will learn to draw a person’s face, observing all the rules and proportions. For work we will need paper and pencil.

If we look at a person's face from the front, we will notice that its width is approximately two-thirds of the height of the head. And if you look at it in profile, the width will correspond to 7/8 of its height. The human head can be roughly divided into four parts. The first part (the topmost) is the distance from the crown to the hairline. The second part is the distance from hair to eyes. The third part represents the eyes, ears and nose. The fourth part is the distance from the nose to the chin. All four parts are almost equal. Dividing the head into parts will be correct if the face you are looking at is at the level of your eyes.

You should start drawing the face from the eyes. Notice that the eyes are in the middle of the head. If you look at the face from the front, you will see that the distance between the eyes is equal to the distance from the edges of the face to the eyes. This distance is also equal to the width of the nose.

To depict the ears, you need to look at the face in profile. We will see that the ear is to the left of the vertical line, which can conditionally divide the head in half.

If you look at the face from the front, the triangle of the nose starts from the middle of the head. If you look at the head in profile, the eyes, nose and mouth fit into a rectangle.

In reality, ideal proportions are rarely found in people, but it is necessary to know them in order to see deviations from the norm and better understand the individual proportions of living nature(slide 6).

Try to approach this work creatively. Without forgetting the basic rules of drawing, feel free to experiment, work with your soul!

Summing up the lesson

(Students show their work)

– What is a design?

– What is proportion? What role does proportion play in depicting something?

– Who first introduced the ideal human proportions?

Purpose: To familiarize students with the patterns of human head design

Objectives: develop observation skills, cultivate aesthetic taste; to develop the ability to find beauty, harmony, beauty in the internal and external appearance of a person, to activate cognitive interest in the world around us and interest in the learning process.

Download:

Preview:

To use presentation previews, create a Google account and log in to it: https://accounts.google.com

Slide captions:

The design of the human head and its basic proportions Author: Kayatkina Olga Vladimirovna MAOU Secondary School No. 84 Chelyabinsk, Chelyabinsk region Fine arts lesson in 6th grade

Goal: To acquaint students with the laws of the design of the human head. Objectives: to develop observation skills, to cultivate aesthetic taste; to develop the ability to find beauty, harmony, beauty in the internal and external appearance of a person, to activate cognitive interest in the world around us and interest in the learning process. Equipment: portrait sketches of people of different ages, made on a chalkboard with head sketches.

Proportions of the human head Proportions are the dimensional relationships of elements or parts of a form with each other. In artistic practice, there is a well-known method for determining proportions called sighting.

To learn how to draw a portrait, you should study the parts of the face.

The head as a whole is built on the principle of geometric volumes and its image consists of a combination of complicated geometric bodies. A. Durer Analytical drawing of the construction of the human head

How to draw eyes Eyes play a very important role in the resemblance of a portrait to nature. You can start drawing the eye with its generalized shape; the eyeball has a spherical shape). Therefore, when starting to draw the eyes, you need to outline the eye sockets, while remembering that they are not located very close to the nose. The distance between the eyes is equal to the length of the eye itself. Next, having outlined the pupil, we begin to draw the eyelids.

Drawing a nose When drawing a nose, you must first carefully study its characteristic features: noses can be straight (1), snub-nosed (2) and with a hump (3).

Noses can be long, short, narrow and wide. The base of the nose is equal to the width of the eye. When outlining the nose, you need to remember that the middle of the facial line of the nose passes through the middle of its base and tip.

Nose drawing diagram

Drawing the lips Before you start drawing the lips, you need to mark the midline of the mouth (this is the line where the upper lip connects to the lower), then determine the length and thickness of the lips on this line (usually the lower lip is thicker than the upper, but it happens that they are equal by thickness). You also need to remember that the mouth is below the base of the nose. Next, you need to start outlining the outlines of the lips, trying to convey their characteristic shape (thin, thick, medium, even along the contour or with a curve on the upper lip).

Drawing ears Ears are usually located at the level from the eyebrows to the base of the nose. In order to correctly outline the ears, you need to draw an imaginary axis of the ear, which runs parallel to the line of the nose. Next, outline the general shape of the ear and draw the details.

Drawing hair The hair beautifully frames the head and starts midway from the eye line to the crown (the top point of the head). All hairstyles can be reduced to the most typical.

Practical work: the first method of drawing: Draw a head with variously correlated facial details (nose, lips, eyes, eyebrows, etc.)

second way to complete the drawing

Homework: complete the portrait

We work according to the program of B.M. Nemensky.

Second lesson in 3rd quarter. 6th grade.

Lesson type: lesson on mastering new material.

Conducted by Marina O.N.

Lesson type: lesson in mastering new material.

The purpose of the lesson:

1. 
   Introduce students to the genre of portraiture. To inform about portraits in different eras. To teach how to reflect the proportions and facial expressions in a portrait. Show compliance with the proportions of facial expressions.
2. 
   Develop imagination, creative imagination, graphic skills; carry out interdisciplinary connections (literature, art, history, music).
3. 
   To instill in people a love of art.

Lesson plan.

1. 
   Organizing time. Theme formulation.
2. 
   Explanation of the topic. Explanations for performing practical work.
3. 
   Practical part of the lesson.
4. 
   Exhibition of works and self-esteem. Summarizing.

Equipment: for the teacher - a presentation on the topic of a portrait, music, a layout of a person’s image, 25 templates on the topic; for students - graphic materials, album.

Visual range: reproductions of paintings by Vasily Pukirev “Unequal Marriage”, Alexey Antropov “Portrait of Peter II” I, Vladimir Borovikovsky “Portrait of Princess Anna Gavrilovna Gagarina and Princess Varvara Gavrilovna Gagarina”, etc.

Literary series: Nikolai Gumilyov “She”, Anna Akhmatova “Inscription on an unfinished portrait”.
During the classes:

1. 
   Organizing time

Good afternoon dear friends!

I'm glad to meet you again.

Waiting for you today

A tale about Russian portraits.

Guys, today we went to an art gallery (showing paintings of different landscapes, several works depicting animals and portraits).

Let's remember what the artists who paint such paintings are called? (Landscape painters) What are the names of artists who paint animals? (Animal painters) And what are the names of the artists who paint portraits? (Portrait painters)

Attention, I am reading a poem, after finishing it you will say what topic our lesson today is devoted to. (Reading a poem).

If you see what's in the picture

Is anyone looking at us?

Or a prince in an old cloak,

Or like a steeplejack,

Pilot or ballerina,

Or Kolka is your neighbor,

Required picture

It's called a portrait. (in chorus)

So this is the topic we will work on

In ancient times before our era, there were no computers, cameras, television, video cameras, and man always wanted to leave a memory of himself. Man also thought about this, the result of the implementation was the birth of creative incarnations of rock paintings. Sculptures, architectural structures, works of painting and drawing, etc.

Artists of all times conveyed, first of all, the character of a person, through facial expressions, through the height of the statue, to convey the position of a person in society, conveying the beauty of a person through the classical proportions of the human structure.

We go to the hall where the works of portrait painters are located.

What type of portraits are shown on the slides?

Answers: family, ceremonial, group, self-portrait.

Explanations for the game part of the lesson.

Guess what I feel? (card task) (I feel joy, pain, I’m surprised, I’m sad, I think, I’m angry.)

What did the guys change in their faces to convey their mood? (Answers)

1. 
   Practical part. Human facial proportions

Teacher. The head, especially the human face, is the object of close attention in portraiture.

Many generations of artists have studied the proportions of the human body. Their conclusions differ in detail, but in general they are similar. The proportions of the human body are as follows: the height of the head is 1/7-1/8 of the total height of a person.

When drawing, to establish by eye the correct proportions of the human figure, it is customary to take some part of it as a unit of measurement - a module that fits the height of the entire figure and its individual parts a certain number of times.

Michelangelo took the height of the head as such a module, which fit 8% of the time in the entire figure.

But the professor of the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts A. Sapozhnikov (19th century) proposed a more detailed proportional division of the human figure using a smaller module. As a unit of reference, he took the height of the foot or neck, which, according to his conclusions, fit exactly 30 times into the height of the ideal figure. In this case, the head occupies 4 such units in height and, therefore, fits 7.5 times in the height of the entire figure.

Look at these proportions of the human figure on the poster.

The artist needs all these general, approximate data on the “ideal” human figure in order to compare the proportions of a specific human figure with them, and always easily and accurately find its individual characteristics. Now take a closer look at the proportions of the person’s face.

The main method of our study of new material will be drawing up a portrait.

Open the envelopes located on your tables; in them you see blanks: ovals of the head, eyes, hair, hats.

I suggest you make a portrait filled with facial proportions and conveying emotions. The work will be assessed according to the following criteria:

1) accuracy when performing work.

2) compliance with facial proportions.

3) conveying the mood of your hero.

1. 
   Summing up the lesson

I ask you to arrange your works in this way: under the sun, works where all the requirements are met. Under the sun with a cloud of work, where there are comments. If you didn’t have time or for other reasons, then place your work under the criteria.

Summarizing. Homework assignment: select pictures-illustrations depicting various images of a person, try to describe the state, inner world, features, experiences of the person depicted in the portrait

“Proportions in life” - F. Reshetnikov. Golden spiral. Application method. Correlation of body parts in a child. Leonardo Pigano Fibonacci. Ratio. Composition of human proportions. Examination. Continue the sequence of numbers. Parthenon. Divide each number in the Fibonacci sequence by the previous one. Leonardo da Vinci.

“Problems on proportions” - Check the solution. Cheburashka and the crocodile Gena. One day the Tsokotukha Fly walked across the field and found some money. Problems on proportions. Vehicle speed. Physical education minute. The two quantities are inversely proportional. Farm cat Matroskin from Prostokvashino. Somewhere there is a spruce in the forest, under the spruce there is a squirrel. Solve the problem.

““Proportion” mathematics” - 90 people. Solve the equations. For “olympiads”: The simplest transformations of proportions: There are 80 people in the fifth grade of the school. Proportions. Proportion: There are 90 people in sixth grade. Basic property of proportion: Create new proportions from the given ones. Excellent students make up 20%. In which classes are there more excellent students and by how many?

““Ratios and proportions” 6th grade” - In 1794, Legendre gave a more rigorous proof of the irrationality of numbers? and 2. 45% of the total area was sown with corn. Ratio 2:10=0.2 Ratio 2k10 equals 0.2 39:3=13 Ratio 39k3 equals 13. And among the first place rightfully belongs to the Parthenon. The scale can be: numerical, linear. 80/100 * 0.45 = 0.36 - that is, 36 hectares are sown with corn.

““Proportions” mathematics grade 6” - We write the same relations in the form of equality. Average members. Make 4 correct proportions. Lesson topic. The main property of proportion. From the relationship, select equal. Guess the rebus. The equality of two ratios is called proportion. Proportions. Fill the table. What is proportion?

“Whole and part” - Relationships between parts and the whole in the world around us and in mathematics. Authors: Atamanova Liza Nekhoroshkova Nadya. Observation of objects in the surrounding world and numerical equations. Objectives of the study. Let's take a look around... Materials used. Progress of the study. Conclusions. There are parts and a whole in objects of the surrounding world and in numerical equalities.

There are a total of 26 presentations in the topic