The last field marshal. Ella Agranovskaya presented the film "The Last Field Marshal" - Rossiyskaya Gazeta

PORTRAIT
Chin field marshal general introduced by Peter I in 1699 to replace the existing position of the "Chief Voivode of the Big Regiment". The same rank was established Field Marshal Lieutenant General as Deputy Field Marshal, but after 1707 he was not assigned to anyone.

In 1722, the rank of Field Marshal was introduced in the "Table of Ranks" as a military rank of the 1st class. Was awarded not necessarily for military merit, but also for long-term government service or as a sign of royal favor. Several foreigners, not being in the Russian service, were awarded this rank as an honorary title.
In total, 65 people were awarded this rank (including 2 field marshal-lieutenants).

The first 12 people were granted by Emperors Peter I, Catherine I and Peter II:

01.gr. Golovin Fedor Alekseevich (1650-1706) since 1700
Copy of Ivan Spring from an unknown original of the early 18th century. State Museum of the History of St. Petersburg.

02.grts. Croa Karl Eugene (1651-1702) since 1700
No portrait found. There is only a photograph of his surviving body, which until 1863 lay in a glass coffin in the Revel (Tallinn) Church of St. Nicholas.

03.gr. Sheremetev Boris Petrovich (1652-1719) from 1701
Ostankino Palace Museum.

04. Ogilvy Georg Benedict (1651-1710) since 1702 (Field Marshal-Lieutenant)
Engraving from an unknown original from the 18th century. Source - Beketov's book "Collection of portraits of Russians famous for their deeds ..." 1821

05. Goltz Heinrich (1648-1725) since 1707 (Field Marshal-Lieutenant)

06. St. book Menshikov Alexander Danilovich (1673-1729) since 1709, Generalissimo since 1727.
Unknown artist of the 18th century. Museum "Kuskovo Estate".

07. Repnin Anikita Ivanovich (1668-1726) from 1724
Portrait of the work unknown. artist of the early 18th century. Poltava Museum.

08. Golitsyn Mikhail Mikhailovich (1675-1730) from 1725
Unknown artist of the 18th century.

09.gr. Sapega Jan Kazimir (1675-1730), from 1726 (the great hetman of Lithuania in 1708-1709)
Unknown artist of the 18th century. Rawicz Palace, Poland.

10. gr. Bruce Yakov Vilimovich (1670-1735) from 1726
Unknown artist of the 18th century.

11. book. Dolgorukov Vasily Vladimirovich (1667-1746) from 1728
Portrait by Groot. 1740s. State Tretyakov Gallery.

12.book. Trubetskoy Ivan Yurievich (1667-1750) from 1728
Unknown artist of the 18th century. State Tretyakov Gallery.

General-field marshals granted to the rank by Empress Anna Ioannovna, Elizabeth Petrovna and Emperor Peter III:

13 gr. Minich Burkhard Christopher (1683-1767) from 1732
Portrait by Buchholz. 1764 State Russian Museum.

14 gr. Lassi Petr Petrovich (1678-1751) from 1736
Unknown artist of the 18th century. Source M. Borodkin "History of Finland" v. 2 1909

15 Ludwig Wilhelm Ave. of Hesse-Homburg (1705-1745) from 1742
Unknown artist ser. XVIII century. Private collection.

16 kn. Trubetskoy Nikita Yurievich (1700-1767) from 1756
Unknown artist ser. XVIII century. State Museum of Art of Georgia.

17 gr. Buturlin Alexander Borisovich (1694-1767) from 1756
copy of the 19th century. from a painting by an unknown artist of the middle of the 18th century. Museum of the History of St. Petersburg.

18 gr. Razumovsky Alexey Grigorievich (1709-1771) from 1756
Unknown artist of the 18th century.

19 gr. Apraksin Stepan Fedorovich (1702-1758) from 1756
Unknown artist of the 18th century.

20 gr. Saltykov Pyotr Semyonovich (1698-1772) from 1759
Copy of Loktev from a portrait by Rotary. 1762 Russian Museum.

21 gr. Shuvalov Alexander Ivanovich (1710-1771) from 1761
Portrait by Rotary. Source - edition Vel. Book. Nikolai Mikhailovich "Russian portraits of the 18th-19th centuries"

22 gr. Shuvalov Peter Ivanovich (1711-1762) from 1761
Portrait by Rokotov.

23 ave. Peter August Friedrich Holstein-Becksky (1697-1775) since 1762
Tyulev's lithograph from unknown. the original of the 18th century. Source - Bantysh-Kamensky's book "Biographies of Russian Generalissimos and Field Marshals" 1840

24 Georg Ludwig Schleswig-Holstein Ave. (1719-1763) since 1762
Tyulev's lithograph from unknown. the original of the 18th century. Source - Bantysh-Kamensky's book "Biographies of Russian Generalissimos and Field Marshals" in 1840. Follow the link: http://www.royaltyguide.nl/images-families/oldenburg/holsteingottorp/1719%20Georg.jpg - there is another portrait of him of unknown origin and of questionable reliability.

25 hrz. Karl Ludwig Holstein-Beck (1690-1774) from 1762
He was not in the Russian service, he received the rank as an honorary title. Unfortunately, despite a long search, it was not possible to find his portrait.

General-field marshals granted to the rank of Empress Catherine II and Emperor Paul I. I would like to draw your attention to the fact that gr. I.G. Chernyshev was promoted to the rank of Field Marshal in 1796 "in the fleet".

26 gr. Bestuzhev-Ryumin Alexey Petrovich (1693-1766) since 1762
Copy of G. Serdyukov, from the original by L. Tokke. 1772. State Russian Museum.

27 gr. Razumovsky, Kirill Grigorievich (1728-1803) since 1764
Portrait by L.Tokke. 1758 g.

28 kn. Golitsyn Alexander Mikhailovich (1718-1783) from 1769
Portrait of the work unknown. artist of the late 18th century. State military history. Museum of A.V. Suvorov. SPb

29 group Rumyantsev-Zadunaisky Peter Alexandrovich (1725-1796) from 1770
Portrait of the work unknown. artist. 1770s State Historical Museum.

30 gr. Chernyshev Zakhar Grigorievich (1722-1784) from 1773
Copy from the portrait by A. Roslen. 1776 State. military history. Museum of A.V. Suvorov. SPb

31 lgr. Ludwig IX of Hesse-Darmstadt (1719-1790) since 1774. He was not in the Russian service, he received the rank as an honorary title.
Portrait of the work unknown. artist ser. XVIII century. Museum of History. Strasbourg.

32 St. book Potemkin-Tavrichesky Grigory Alexandrovich (1736-1791) from 1784
Portrait of the work unknown. artist. 1780s State Historical Museum.

33 kn. Suvorov-Rymniksky Alexander Vasilievich (1730-1800), from 1794, Generalissimo from 1799
Portrait of the work unknown. artist (type Levitsky). 1780s State Historical Museum.

34 St. book Saltykov Nikolay Ivanovich (1736-1816) since 1796
Portrait by M. Kvadal. 1807 State Hermitage.

35 kn. Repnin Nikolai Vasilievich (1734-1801) since 1796
Portrait of the work unknown. artist con. XVIII century. State Historical Museum.

36 gr. Chernyshev Ivan Grigorievich (1726-1797), Field Marshal General for the Fleet since 1796
Portrait by D. Levitsky. 1790s Pavlovsk Palace.

37 gr. Saltykov Ivan Petrovich (1730-1805) since 1796
Miniature by A.H. Ritt. end of the 18th century. State Hermitage. SPb

38 gr. Elmpt Ivan Karpovich (1725-1802) since 1797
Tyulev's lithograph from unknown. the original of the 18th century. Source - Bantysh-Kamensky's book "Biographies of Russian Generalissimos and Field Marshals" 1840

39 gr. Musin-Pushkin Valentin Platonovich (1735-1804) since 1797
Portrait by D. Levitsky. 1790s

40 gr. Kamensky Mikhail Fedotovich (1738-1809) since 1797
Portrait of the work unknown. artist con. XVIII century. State military history. Museum of A.V. Suvorov. SPb

41 grz de Broglie Victor Francis (1718-1804), since 1797 Marshal of France since 1759
Portrait of the work unknown. fr. artist con. XVIII century. Museum "House of Invalids" Paris.

General-field marshals conferred in the rank of Emperors Alexander I and Nicholas I.

42 gr. Gudovich Ivan Vasilievich (1741-1820) since 1807
Portrait by Brese. Source book by N. Schilder "Emperor Alexander I" v.3

43 kn. Prozorovsky Alexander Alexandrovich (1732-1809) since 1807
Portrait of the work unknown. artist of the late XVIII - early XIX century.

44 St. book Golenishchev-Kutuzov-Smolensky Mikhail Illarionovich (1745-1813) since 1812
Miniature by K. Rosentretter. 1811-1812 State Hermitage Museum. SPb

45 kn. Barclay de Tolly Mikhail Bogdanovich (1761-1818) since 1814
Copy unknown artist from the original Zenfa 1816 State Museum. Pushkin. Moscow.

46 grtz Wellington Arthur Wellesley (1769-1852) since 1818. British Field Marshal since 1813. He was not in the Russian service, he received the rank as an honorary title.
Portrait by T. Lawrence. 1814

47 St. book Wittgenstein Peter Khristianovich (1768-1843) since 1826

48 kn. Osten-Sacken Fabian Wilhelmovich (1752-1837) from 1826
Portrait by J. Doe. 1820s Military Gallery of the Winter Palace. SPb

49 gr. Dibich-Zabalkansky Ivan Ivanovich (1785-1831) since 1829
Portrait by J. Doe. 1820s Military Gallery of the Winter Palace. SPb

50 St. book Paskevich-Erivansky-Varshavsky Ivan Fedorovich (1782-1856) from 1829
Miniature of S. Marshalkevich from the portrait of F. Kruger 1834 State Hermitage. SPb

51 ertsgrts. Johannes of Austria (1782-1859) since 1837. Austrian field marshal since 1836. He was not in the Russian service, he received the rank as an honorary title.
Portrait by L. Kupelweiser. 1840 Shenna Castle. Austria.

52 gr. Radetzky Joseph-Wenzel (1766-1858) since 1849. Austrian field marshal since 1836. He was not in the Russian service, he received the rank as an honorary title.
Portrait by J. Decker. 1850 War Museum. Vein.

53 St. book Volkonsky Petr Mikhailovich (1776-1852) since 1850
Portrait by J. Doe. 1820s Military Gallery of the Winter Palace. SPb

The last 13 people were awarded the rank of Field Marshal by Emperors Alexander II and Nicholas II (there were no awards under Emperor Alexander III).

54 St. book Vorontsov Mikhail Semyonovich (1782-1856) since 1856

55 kn. Baryatinsky Alexander Ivanovich (1815-1879) since 1859

56 gr. Berg Fedor Fedorovich (1794-1874) since 1865

57 Ertsgrz Albrecht of Austria-Teshensky (1817-1895) since 1872, Field Marshal of Austria since 1863. He was not in the Russian service, he received the rank as an honorary title.

58 ave. Friedrich Wilhelm of Prussia (Frederick III, Emperor of Germany) (1831-1888) since 1872, Prussian Field Marshal since 1870. He was not in the Russian service, he received the rank as an honorary title.

59 gr. von Moltke Helmut Karl Bernhard (1800-1891) since 1872, Field Marshal of Germany since 1871. He was not in the Russian service, he received the rank as an honorary title.

60 ave. Albert of Saxony (Albert I, Cor. Of Saxony) (1828-1902) since 1872, Field Marshal of Germany since 1871. He was not in the Russian service, he received the rank as an honorary title.

61 led. book Nikolai Nikolaevich (1831-1891) since 1878

62 led. book Mikhail Nikolaevich (1832-1909) since 1878

63 Gurko Joseph Vladimirovich (1828-1901) since 1894

64 gr. Milyutin Dmitry Alekseevich (1816-1912) since 1898

65 Nicholas I, King of Montenegro (1841-1921) since 1910 He was not in the Russian service, he received the rank as an honorary title.

66 Karol I, King of Romania (1839-1914) since 1912 He was not in the Russian service, he received the rank as an honorary title.

Same. Under Paul there was a field marshal for the fleet, c. Ivan Grig. Chernyshev. A field marshal's baton, which is a complaint about this; a telescope with black double-headed eagles over gold. Field marshal, rank, dignity, this title. Feldwebel, senior non-commissioned officer in the company. Feldwebel, referring to him. Feldwebel, his wife. Feldseigmeister, chief chief of all artillery. Feldseigmeistersky, referring to him. The paramedic is distorted. Fershel, doctor's assistant. Feldsher's kit, a preparation room with shells for bloodletting, etc. Feldsher's wife, his wife. Feldspar m. Fossil feldspar. Courier, m. Messenger, messenger, courier under the highest government, in military rank. Courier road. Feldjegersha, his wife.

Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language. D.N. Ushakov

field marshal

field marshal, m. (German Feidmarschall) (military pre-revolutionary and loaded). The highest military rank in the Russian tsarist army and some armies of the west.

Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language. S.I.Ozhegov, N.Yu.Shvedova.

field marshal

A, m. In pre-revolutionary Ruska and some other armies: the highest rank of general, as well as a person with this rank.

adj. field marshal, th. th. F. wand.

New explanatory and derivational dictionary of the Russian language, T. F. Efremova.

field marshal

The highest military - general - rank (in the armies of some states and in the army of the Russian state until 1917).

A person with such a rank.

Encyclopedic Dictionary, 1998

field marshal

FELDMARCHAL (German Feldmarchall) is the highest military rank in the armies of some states. In the 16th century. in the German states, in 1700 in Russia the military rank of Field Marshal was introduced. The rank of field marshal was preserved in Great Britain and some other states.

Big Law Dictionary

field marshal

(German Feldmarchall) - the highest military rank in the armies of some states. In the XVI century. in the German states, in 1700, the military rank of General-F was introduced in Russia. The title of F. was preserved in Great Britain and some other states.

Field marshal

(German Feidmarschall), the highest military rank in the ground forces of some states. See Field Marshal.

Wikipedia

Field marshal

Field Marshal- rank, the highest military rank that existed in the armies of the Holy Roman Empire (later - the Austrian Empire) and the German states, then many other states.

Corresponds to the rank of marshal in some other countries.

Field Marshal (UK)

Field Marshal- the highest military rank in the land forces of Great Britain.

Field Marshal (Sweden)

Field marshal- the highest military rank in Sweden. From 1561 to 1824, it was assigned to 77 military leaders. It was legally retained in the system of military ranks of the Swedish army until the 1972 reform.

The rank of field marshal came to Sweden from Germany in the second half of the 16th century. Initially, it was not the highest military rank and was given only during any military undertakings. During the reign of Gustav II Adolf, the position of the field marshal changed. So Field Marshal Christer Some was commander-in-chief in Småland in 1611, Esper Mattson Cruz was the second person after Duke Johan during the absence of the king in the country, and Evert Horn and Karl Karlsson Yulenjelm were the closest people of Jacob Delagardie during the Time of Troubles in Russia. In 1621, during the campaign to Riga, Herman Wrangel was promoted to field marshal and continued to retain this title even after its completion.

During the Thirty Years War, the system of military ranks in Sweden acquired a clearer structure, and the rank of field marshal began to be worn by the commanders of the armies who independently conducted military operations. The field marshals were still subordinate to the Riksmars, as well as to the generalissimo and even to the king's "own lieutenant general" when such a rank was available; but nevertheless they were already ranked among the highest military ranks.

In 1648, the rank of field marshal-lieutenant appeared in the Swedish army, but it did not take root and was not used from the beginning of the 18th century.

After Yu. A. Sandels, promoted to field marshal in 1824, no one else received this title.

Examples of the use of the word field marshal in literature.

But on the other hand, old field marshal, after his clever friends, agrarians, as a token of gratitude presented him with the Neudeck estate on behalf of the whole nation, he became imbued with love for agriculture.

We left field marshal Apraksin, when he and Belov sent urgent dispatches to Petersburg, that is, at the very beginning of September.

Field marshal, brilliantly distinguished in the Turkish wars, commander of the Teutonic Knightly Order in Heilbronn, commandant of the Heidelberg Fortress during the war with France.

Kawabe said that all good-minded Japanese, imbued with a sense of sincere gratitude to His Excellency field marshal for his truly humane attitude towards the defeated Japan and for his successful and tireless efforts towards democratizing the country and suppressing attempts by destructive elements to spread pernicious ideas, they consider it a high honor to participate in the implementation of the moisture-loving plans of his Excellency regarding the establishment of the cardinal principles of democracy.

Entering at this late hour into Hitler's office, Hacha immediately noticed next to the Fuhrer not only Ribbentrop and Weizsacker, but also field marshal Goering, summoned urgently from San Remo, where he was resting, and General Keitel, however, did not see Hitler's doctor, a charlatan named Theodor Morell.

Edna Grün was thirty years younger field marshal and there is nothing strange about the widower falling in love.

Doriot approved her, called Guyot, he passed on to Maurice, and the plan for the future field marshal was taken to action at the highest level.

In the last days of peace, the Egyptians witnessed a strange spectacle: field marshal Viscount Montgomery arrived in the country for a week-long visit from 3 to 10 May.

When finally arrived at Narva camp field marshal Ogilvy, taken by Patkul's insistence from Vienna to the Moscow service for a considerable salary, past feeding and all wine and other allowances - three thousand golden efimoks a year - Pyotr Alekseevich gave him command and rushed impatiently under Yuriev.

Please accept my congratulations on the surrender field marshal Paulus and on the occasion of the end of the 6th German army.

And then a peasant son stood up - Marshal of the Soviet Union and, looking straight into the eyes of the cadet's son-- field marshal Nazi Germany, said: - Do you have the act of unconditional surrender in your hands, did you study it and do you have the authority to sign this act?

Were free and field marshal Scherner, who did not obey the act of surrender, Generals Heusinger, Wenck, Manteuffel, Manstein, the head of Hitler's Reich Chancellery Lammers, Finance Minister Count Schwerin von Crozik, Armaments Minister Sauer, etc.

Excited by the prospect of conquering Egypt, he postponed the assault on Malla until early September, and Rommel now field marshal to the surprise of the Italians, it was allowed to occupy the relatively narrow passage between El Alamein and the Qattara Basin as a staging ground for future operations aimed at the Suez Canal.

Design field marshal consisted in breaking through the weak British defenses at the edge of the Qattara depression, then turning north, east of Alam al-Khalfa, and with a swift rush to reach the coast at El Hammam.

On the evening of the day when Goebbels uttered the already mentioned rush, high-ranking guests, including field marshal Milch, Minister of Justice Tirac, State Secretary of the Ministry of the Interior Stuckart, State Secretary Kerner, and Funk and Lei.

Russia has its own specificity, a special mentality; you will not find marshal's batons in a soldier's knapsack, except from Corporal Alexander Suvorov. But one could come for them in a cart drawn by oxen, they could be found on a tray of pies, in a folder with notes, and if you tried very hard, then under a pillow in the Empress's bedchamber.

Of the 66 Russian field marshals, only a few have been endowed with military gifts. They, as a rule, went to the coveted peak gradually, with battle (more precisely, in battle), receiving each new rank. The young Tsar Peter dreamed of such generals when, in 1699, he ordered henceforth to call the chief commander of the Great Regiment - Field Marshal, who “There is a commanding chief general in the army. His order and orders must be read by everyone, before the whole army has been handed over to him from his sovereign. ".

But even before that, Peter introduced the highest military rank in 1696 generalissimo when he granted it to the voivode Alexei Shein, who commanded the ground forces in the second Azov campaign. The tsar was just groping for a new system of army ranks. Since 1699, the niche that he initially allotted to the Generalissimo was occupied by the rank field marshal general... And Peter did not give the rank of generalissimo to anyone else - he did not see worthy ones. After his death, Alexander Menshikov received this rank as a result of a complex intrigue.

In Russia, two more people had such a rank. Prince Anton Ulrich was promoted to generalissimo only because he was the father of the young emperor John VI. Only Alexander Suvorov rightfully deserved this rank. In October 1799, he was awarded the rank generalissimo of all Russian troops crowned the unparalleled Swiss campaign.

The first Russian field marshal general was in 1700 Peter's associate boyar Fyodor Golovin. He received the highest military rank not for the nobility of the family or the merits of his ancestors (although there were plenty of them), but for outstanding achievements in the military, diplomatic and administrative fields.

Peter did not scatter the high rank, he gave it to only four more: three born hares, already crowned with many victories - Boris Sheremetev, Alexander Menshikov and Anikita Repnin. The tsar clearly miscalculated with the only foreigner - Duke Karl de Croa was not very suitable for military affairs. All he managed to do in the Russian service was to surrender with his headquarters to the Swedes. Two more foreigners, Ogilvy and Golts, were elevated by Peter to the strange rank of lieutenant general-field marshal, which was no longer used in Russia. And the carriers of this rank turned out to be mediocre generals and cared not about the glory of Russian weapons, but about their own well-being.

Our history has so developed that next to Suvorov, out of more than six dozen Russian field marshals, few can be put. Perhaps only Petr Rumyantsev and Mikhail Kutuzov. Yes, not far away there will be another fifteen commanders who received the field marshal's baton by right of brilliant military victories and military talent, these are Boris Sheremetev, Mikhail Golitsyn, Yakov Bruce, Burkhard Minikh, Peter Lassi, Peter Saltykov, Grigory Potemkin, Mikhail Kamensky, Mikhail Barclay-de -Tolly, Peter Wittgenstein, Ivan Gudovich, Ivan Dibich, Ivan Paskevich, Alexander Baryatinsky, Joseph Gurko. Their path to the heights of military glory was different.

Among the far from timid "chicks of Petrov's nest," Mikhail Golitsyn was distinguished by his desperate courage and reluctance to accept the word "retreat", no matter whose mouth it came from. At the beginning of his military career, he distinguished himself in the assault on Noteburg. When the first attacks on the fortress failed, Peter sent a messenger to Golitsyn with the order to retreat. But he, passing in response: "Now I do not belong to Peter, but to God.", ordered the boats to be pushed away from the bank of the Neva to cut off the escape route, and led the soldiers to attack. As a result of a bloody battle, the fortress was taken.

In the middle of the 18th century, the glory of Pyotr Saltykov thundered in Europe. As a result of his brilliant victories in 1759, Prussia was on the verge of collapse, and Frederick II was forced to begin the evacuation of Berlin. And only the betrayal of the allies - France and Austria - saved the Prussians from the final defeat.

They betrayed their own people, and not only on the battlefield. In 1772, Field Marshal Saltykov, who was in disgrace, died. The Moscow mayor, knowing about the empress's attitude to the commander, not only did not organize the funeral in accordance with the rank of the deceased, but did not even send an honor guard. And then the former subordinate of Saltykov, General-in-Chief, Count Pyotr Panin, in full dress uniform with all orders, stood with a naked sword next to the coffin of his military commander and said: "Until then I will stand here on the clock, until the guard of honor is sent to change." They were forced to send a guard. The count put his career on the line, but ensured that the winner of Frederick II was carried out on his last journey with dignity.

Pyotr Rumyantsev decisively broke the established military canons. He was one of the first to abandon linear tactics, which in the West was considered the pinnacle of military art, and began to use columns, divisional squares and loose formation in battle. His victorious battles are still being studied in military academies.

In the most difficult war in the Caucasus, Ivan Paskevich and Alexander Baryatinsky earned the field marshal's batons. Today, unfortunately, the names of the same mountain villages, which were taken by storm by their subordinates a century and a half ago, are again mentioned in military reports.

During the war with Turkey in 1877−78. the military star of Joseph Gurko shone. As Suvorov once led his miraculous heroes through the snow-capped Alps, so he led the winter passage through the Balkans. Then, descending into the valley, he drove the Turks until he freed Sophia.

Among the best generals in Russia, a third have foreign surnames. But foreigners are not foreigners. If some were only listed as Russian field marshals, having received the rank for noble birth or family ties with monarchs, then others did not shame the honor of the Russian uniform. However, Barclay de Tolly and Wittgenstein can hardly be called foreigners. Growing up in Russia, they were pupils of the Russian military school, which they demonstrated in the wars with Napoleon.

Burchard Munnich, before joining the Russian service, managed to serve in many European armies. He was no stranger to intrigue, ambitious and cruel, but brave, intoxicated in battle, distinguished by a good knowledge of fortification. A native of an ancient Irish family, Peter Lassi received his first officer's rank at the age of 19 in the French army. With the beginning of the Northern War, he joined the Russian army, where he rose to the rank of Field Marshal, earning all the ranks on the battlefield. He was brave and unpretentious, unstoppable in attack, staunch in defense and, which was a rarity for foreigners in the Russian service, caring for the soldiers.

However, more often the rank of Field Marshal was awarded not for military merit, but as a sign of royal favor. Some field marshals have never served in the army at all. The Cossack son Alexei Razumovsky, who had a beautiful voice, by the will of fate turned out to be among the court singers. Here the future Empress Elizabeth drew attention to him. And with her accession to the throne, a rapid career growth of the favorite began. Soon, his younger brother Cyril came to him from Little Russia, who at the age of 22 received the rank of field marshal. By the way, the favorite himself received a field marshal's baton 6 years later than his brother. It is worth noting that the brothers did not boast of their high position and did a lot of useful things for their native Ukraine.

The monarchs did not forget themselves. After the war with Turkey, at the request of the brothers, who were already field marshals, Alexander II elevated himself to this rank.

Many high dignitaries received the rank of field marshal for long-term government service. There were many of them: Vasily Dolgoruky, Ivan Trubetskoy, Alexander Shuvalov, Zakhar Chernyshev, Nikolai Saltykov, Pyotr Volkonsky and others.

It happened that people who headed the allied states or armies became Russian field marshals. Their names are for meticulous historians. For human memory - Sheremetev and Rumyantsev, Suvorov and Kutuzov, Barclay de Tolly and Gurko ...

PORTRAIT
Chin field marshal general introduced by Peter I in 1699 to replace the existing position of the "Chief Voivode of the Big Regiment". The same rank was established Field Marshal Lieutenant General as Deputy Field Marshal, but after 1707 he was not assigned to anyone.

In 1722, the rank of Field Marshal was introduced in the "Table of Ranks" as a military rank of the 1st class. Was awarded not necessarily for military merit, but also for long-term government service or as a sign of royal favor. Several foreigners, not being in the Russian service, were awarded this rank as an honorary title.
In total, 65 people were awarded this rank (including 2 field marshal-lieutenants).

The first 12 people were granted by Emperors Peter I, Catherine I and Peter II:

01.gr. Golovin Fedor Alekseevich (1650-1706) since 1700
Copy of Ivan Spring from an unknown original of the early 18th century. State Museum of the History of St. Petersburg.

02.grts. Croa Karl Eugene (1651-1702) since 1700
No portrait found. There is only a photograph of his surviving body, which until 1863 lay in a glass coffin in the Revel (Tallinn) Church of St. Nicholas.

03.gr. Sheremetev Boris Petrovich (1652-1719) from 1701
Ostankino Palace Museum.

04. Ogilvy Georg Benedict (1651-1710) since 1702 (Field Marshal-Lieutenant)
Engraving from an unknown original from the 18th century. Source - Beketov's book "Collection of portraits of Russians famous for their deeds ..." 1821

05. Goltz Heinrich (1648-1725) since 1707 (Field Marshal-Lieutenant)

06. St. book Menshikov Alexander Danilovich (1673-1729) since 1709, Generalissimo since 1727.

07. Repnin Anikita Ivanovich (1668-1726) from 1724
Portrait of the work unknown. artist of the early 18th century. Poltava Museum.

08. Golitsyn Mikhail Mikhailovich (1675-1730) from 1725

09.gr. Sapega Jan Kazimir (1675-1730), from 1726 (the great hetman of Lithuania in 1708-1709)
Unknown artist of the 18th century. Rawicz Palace, Poland.

10. gr. Bruce Yakov Vilimovich (1670-1735) from 1726
Unknown artist of the 18th century.

11. book. Dolgorukov Vasily Vladimirovich (1667-1746) from 1728
Portrait by Groot. 1740s. State Tretyakov Gallery.

12.book. Trubetskoy Ivan Yurievich (1667-1750) from 1728
Unknown artist of the 18th century. State Tretyakov Gallery.

General-field marshals granted to the rank by Empress Anna Ioannovna, Elizabeth Petrovna and Emperor Peter III:

13.gr. Minich Burkhard Christopher (1683-1767) from 1732
Portrait by Buchholz. 1764 State Russian Museum.

14. gr. Lassi Petr Petrovich (1678-1751) from 1736
Unknown artist of the 18th century. Source M. Borodkin "History of Finland" v. 2 1909

15. Ludwig Wilhelm Ave. of Hesse-Homburg (1705-1745) since 1742

16.book. Trubetskoy Nikita Yurievich (1700-1767) from 1756
Unknown artist ser. XVIII century. State Museum of Art of Georgia.

17. gr. Buturlin Alexander Borisovich (1694-1767) from 1756
copy of the 19th century. from a painting by an unknown artist of the middle of the 18th century. Museum of the History of St. Petersburg.

18. gr. Razumovsky Alexey Grigorievich (1709-1771) from 1756
Unknown artist of the 18th century.

19. gr. Apraksin Stepan Fedorovich (1702-1758) from 1756
Unknown artist of the 18th century.

20. gr. Saltykov Pyotr Semyonovich (1698-1772) from 1759
Copy of Loktev from a portrait by Rotary. 1762 Russian Museum.

21.gr. Shuvalov Alexander Ivanovich (1710-1771) from 1761
Portrait by Rotary. Source - edition Vel. Book. Nikolai Mikhailovich "Russian portraits of the 18th-19th centuries"

22. gr. Shuvalov Peter Ivanovich (1711-1762) from 1761
Portrait by Rokotov.

23. ave. Peter August Friedrich Holstein-Becksky (1697-1775) from 1762

24. Georg Ludwig Schleswig-Holstein Ave. (1719-1763) since 1762
Tyulev's lithograph from unknown. the original of the 18th century. Source - Bantysh-Kamensky's book "Biographies of Russian Generalissimos and Field Marshals" in 1840. Follow the link: http://www.royaltyguide.nl/images-families/oldenburg/holsteingottorp/1719%20Georg.jpg - there is another portrait of him of unknown origin and of questionable reliability.

25.grts. Karl Ludwig Holstein-Beck (1690-1774) from 1762
He was not in the Russian service, he received the rank as an honorary title. Unfortunately, despite a long search, it was not possible to find his portrait.

General-field marshals granted to the rank of Empress Catherine II and Emperor Paul I. I would like to draw your attention to the fact that gr. I.G. Chernyshev was promoted to the rank of Field Marshal in 1796 "in the fleet".

26. gr. Bestuzhev-Ryumin Alexey Petrovich (1693-1766) since 1762
Copy of G. Serdyukov, from the original by L. Tokke. 1772. State Russian Museum.

27. gr. Razumovsky, Kirill Grigorievich (1728-1803) since 1764
Portrait by L.Tokke. 1758 g.

28. Golitsyn Alexander Mikhailovich (1718-1783) from 1769
Portrait of the work unknown. artist of the late 18th century. State military history. Museum of A.V. Suvorov. SPb

29. Rumyantsev-Zadunaisky Peter Alexandrovich (1725-1796) from 1770

30. gr. Chernyshev Zakhar Grigorievich (1722-1784) from 1773

31. lgr. Ludwig IX of Hesse-Darmstadt (1719-1790) since 1774. He was not in the Russian service, he received the rank as an honorary title.
Portrait of the work unknown. artist ser. XVIII century. Museum of History. Strasbourg.

32. St. book Potemkin-Tavrichesky Grigory Alexandrovich (1736-1791) from 1784
Portrait of the work unknown. artist. 1780s State Historical Museum.

33. Suvorov-Rymniksky Alexander Vasilievich (1730-1800), from 1794, Generalissimo from 1799
Portrait of the work unknown. artist (type Levitsky). 1780s State Historical Museum.

34. St. book Saltykov Nikolay Ivanovich (1736-1816) since 1796
Portrait by M. Kvadal. 1807 State Hermitage.

35. Repnin Nikolai Vasilievich (1734-1801) since 1796
Portrait of the work unknown. artist con. XVIII century. State Historical Museum.

36. gr. Chernyshev Ivan Grigorievich (1726-1797), Field Marshal General for the Fleet since 1796
Portrait by D. Levitsky. 1790s Pavlovsk Palace.

37. gr. Saltykov Ivan Petrovich (1730-1805) since 1796
Miniature by A.H. Ritt. end of the 18th century. State Hermitage. SPb

38. gr. Elmpt Ivan Karpovich (1725-1802) since 1797
Tyulev's lithograph from unknown. the original of the 18th century. Source - Bantysh-Kamensky's book "Biographies of Russian Generalissimos and Field Marshals" 1840

39. gr. Musin-Pushkin Valentin Platonovich (1735-1804) since 1797
Portrait by D. Levitsky. 1790s

40. gr. Kamensky Mikhail Fedotovich (1738-1809) since 1797
Portrait of the work unknown. artist con. XVIII century. State military history. Museum of A.V. Suvorov. SPb

41. Grz de Broglie Victor Francis (1718-1804), since 1797 Marshal of France since 1759
Portrait of the work unknown. fr. artist con. XVIII century. Museum "House of Invalids" Paris.

General-field marshals conferred in the rank of Emperors Alexander I and Nicholas I.

42. gr. Gudovich Ivan Vasilievich (1741-1820) since 1807
Portrait by Brese. Source book by N. Schilder "Emperor Alexander I" v.3

43. Prozorovsky Alexander Alexandrovich (1732-1809) since 1807
Portrait of the work unknown. artist con. XVIII - early. XIX century.

44. book Golenishchev-Kutuzov-Smolensky Mikhail Illarionovich (1745-1813) since 1812
Miniature by K. Rosentretter. 1811-1812 State Hermitage Museum. SPb

45. Barclay de Tolly Mikhail Bogdanovich (1761-1818) since 1814
Copy unknown artist from the original Zenfa 1816 State Museum. Pushkin. Moscow.

46. ​​Graz Wellington Arthur Wellesley (1769-1852) since 1818. British Field Marshal since 1813. He was not in the Russian service, he received the rank as an honorary title.
Portrait by T. Lawrence. 1814

47. book Wittgenstein Peter Khristianovich (1768-1843) since 1826

48. Osten-Sacken Fabian Wilhelmovich (1752-1837) from 1826
Portrait by J. Doe. 1820s Military Gallery of the Winter Palace. SPb

49. gr. Dibich-Zabalkansky Ivan Ivanovich (1785-1831) since 1829
Portrait by J. Doe. 1820s Military Gallery of the Winter Palace. SPb

50. book Paskevich-Erivansky-Varshavsky Ivan Fedorovich (1782-1856) from 1829
Miniature of S. Marshalkevich from the portrait of F. Kruger 1834 State Hermitage. SPb

51. Johannes of Austria (1782-1859) since 1837. Austrian field marshal since 1836. He was not in the Russian service, he received the rank as an honorary title.
Portrait by L. Kupelweiser. 1840 Shenna Castle. Austria.

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Books

• No wonder the whole of Russia remembers ... Gift edition (number of volumes: 3), Ivchenko L. For the 200th anniversary of the Patriotic War of 1812, "Young Guard" has prepared many new editions. Among them are the biographies of the commanders who withstood the battles with the previously invincible Napoleon and ...
• Tsesarevna. Sovereigns of Great Russia, Krasnov Pyotr Nikolaevich. This book will be produced according to your order using Print-on-Demand technology. Lieutenant General, Ataman of the Don Army P. N. Krasnov is also known as a writer. In the novel ...