Explanatory note to the balance: an example. Accounting statements of the organization. Explanatory note to the annual financial report

Finally, I completed the process of compiling an explanatory note to the annual financial statements, which I decided to approach, fulfilling the requirements of the current legislation as much as possible.

I offer you my version of the explanatory note. Along with the text I give possible comments.

So, on the letterhead of the organization (if any), we write the following:

EXPLANATORY NOTE

to the annual financial statements

Limited liability companies

"OUR COMPANY"

for 2011

Introduction

The financial statements of the Limited Liability Company "OUR FIRM" for 2011 were formed according to a simplified system established for organizations - small businesses in clause 6 of the Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated July 2, 2010 No. 66n "On the forms of financial statements of organizations", namely:

Accounting statements for 2011 are formed in the following volume:

1) balance sheet;

2) profit and loss statement;

3) statement of changes in equity;

4) cash flow statement;

5) explanations to the balance sheet and income statement (in tabular form, taking into account Appendix 3 to the Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation of July 2, 2010 No. 66n);

6) this explanatory note.

Information, the disclosure of which in the reporting is provided for by separate accounting standards, but which is not available in the reporting forms listed in paragraphs 1-5, is presented in this explanatory note.

This section was introduced by me not at the request of the law, but according to the spirit of the soul - I wanted to start with some kind of introduction. I think the section can be omitted (in my explanatory note it appeared for the first time).

1. Brief description of the enterprise

OUR FIRM LLC TIN 0000000000 was registered by the Interdistrict Inspectorate of the Federal Tax Service No. 46 for Moscow on January 01, 2010 for PSRN 0000000000000. completely (100%). The authorized capital of the company consists of the share of one individual (the sole founder).

OUR FIRM LLC (hereinafter referred to as the Company) is a company providing a range of services for the creation of very important systems for civil and industrial facilities, ranging from infrastructure design and installation of preparatory structures, equipment supply and ending with the maintenance of these wonderful customer systems.

The main activities of the Company are wholesale trade in other machines, instruments, equipment for general industrial and special purposes; installation, commissioning, repair work, maintenance and development of working documentation. Geographic sales markets - all regions of Russia (there are no representative offices and branches in other cities; delivery to other regions is carried out with the involvement of transport companies).

The requirements of clause 27 PBU 4/99. The data for the 2nd and 3rd paragraph can be taken from the company's website, from an advertising booklet, or you can write the text together with the manager.

The average annual number of employees for 2011 is XX people.

The number of employees as of December 31, 2011 is XX people.

The sole executive body of the Company is the General Director, who, in accordance with Decision No. 1 of the sole founder, Ivanov Ivan Ivanovich was appointed.

The requirements of clause 31 PBU 4/99.

2. Explanations to the income statement

2.1. Decoding string 2110

The proceeds from the sale of goods, work performed, services rendered for 2011 amounted to (without VAT) - XXXXX thousand rubles. (p. 2110).

LLC "OUR FIRM" is a diversified enterprise. Revenue and expenses by type of activity are presented in table 1.

Table 1 (in thousand rubles)

Kind of activity	Sales proceeds (excluding VAT)	Cost price
Name of the type of activity (OKVED code XX.XX.X)		XXXXX (p. 2120)
TOTAL line 2110
TOTAL line 2120

The main activity of the Society was profitable.

The requirements of clause 27 PBU 4/99.

2.2. Decryption of lines 2120 and 2210

The composition of production costs (distribution costs) of the Company for the reporting year (lines 2120 and 2210) is presented in Table 2:

Table 2 ( in thousand rubles)

The requirements of clause 27 PBU 4/99. Decoding of indicators - according to the analytics used in accounting for cost accounts (20,25,26,44).

2.3. Decoding string 2340

The composition of the Company's other income for the reporting year (line 2340) is presented in Table 3:

Table 3 ( in thousand rubles)

The requirements of clause 27 PBU 4/99.

3. Explanations to the cash flow statement

3.1. Decryption of line 4119

The composition of other income from current operations (line 4119) is presented in table 5:

Table 5 ( in thousand rubles)

The requirements of clause 29 PBU 4/99.

3.2. Decryption of line 4129

The composition of other payments from current operations (line 4129) is presented in Table 6:

Table 6 ( in thousand rubles)

The requirements of clause 29 PBU 4/99.

4. Explanations on estimated liabilities reflected in accounting and reporting

4.1. At the end of the reporting year, the Company formed an estimated obligation to pay employees for vacations for hours worked in the amount of XXXX thousand rubles. The total number of vacation days due to employees as of December 31, 2011 - XXX day. The expected date of fulfillment of the obligation is during 2012.

Requirements of clause 3 PBU 8/2010, clause 22 PBU 10/99.

5. Explanations on the estimated reserves reflected in accounting and reporting

5.1. The allowance for doubtful debts as of December 31, 2011 was not formed due to the lack of grounds for formation (the outstanding debt was recognized by the buyer, payment is expected to be received by June 30, 2012).

5.2. As of December 31, 2011, the reserve for the decrease in the cost of inventories was not formed due to the lack of grounds for formation (the inventory balances available in the warehouse did not lose their original properties, their current market value did not decrease).

The requirements of clause 6 PBU 21/2008.

6. Financial express analysis of the enterprise's activities

OUR FIRM LLC is at the initial stage of development, the characteristic features of which are a small turnover and high risks of a shortage of funds.

6.1. Structure of balance sheet assets

100% of the share in the structure of the total assets of the balance sheet (hereinafter referred to as BB) at the end of the reporting year falls on current assets, which indicates the formation of a fairly mobile asset structure, which contributes to the acceleration of the turnover of the company's funds. The enterprise has a “light” asset structure, which indicates the mobility of the enterprise's property.

6.2. Structure of balance sheet liabilities

The sources of formation of the total liabilities of the enterprise are capital and reserves (53%) and short-term liabilities (47%).

The presence of retained earnings at the end of the reporting year indicates the effective operation of the enterprise.

6.3. Operational efficiency

Profitability of sales: for one ruble of turnover, the company received 7.54 rubles of net profit.

Return on equity in terms of profit before tax: for one ruble invested by the owners, the company received in the reporting year 125.41 rubles of profit before tax.

Return on assets is 66.72%, which indicates a high efficiency of property use.

Formulas for calculating indicators are given in Table 7.

Table 7

Name of indicator	Calculation Formula	Calculation (in thousand rubles)	Indicator value
Return on sales ratio	(GTC line 2200/ (p.2120 + p.2210 + p.2220 GTC)) *100
Return on equity ratio for profit before tax	(page 2300 GTC/ p.1300 BB) *100
Profitability ratio of assets on profit before tax	(page 2300 GTC/ Page 1600 BB) *100

6.4. Financial stability

The values ​​of the liquidity ratios indicate a good solvency of the enterprise (the current liquidity ratio is 2.14, the urgent activity ratio is 1.98, the absolute liquidity ratio is 1.15, the net working capital is 1.09).

According to the results of the financial year, we can state the stable financial position of the enterprise as a result of the skillful management of the entire set of production and economic factors. Thus, the financial independence ratio is 0.53, the ratio of working capital with own sources of financing is 0.53, total liabilities to total assets is 0.47, total liabilities to equity capital is 0.88.

Formulas for calculating indicators are given in Table 8.

Table 8

Name of indicator	Calculation Formula	Calculation (in thousand rubles)	Indicator value
Absolute liquidity ratio	(p.1240+p.1250)/ (p.1510+p.1520+ p.1540+p.1550) (BB)
Quick liquidity ratio	(p.1230+p.1240+ p.1250+p.1260)/ (p.1510+p.1520+ p.1540+p.1550) (BB)
Current liquidity ratio	p.1200/ p.1500 (BB)			1.5 to 2.5
Net working capital	(p.1200-p.1250)/ (p.1500-p.1530-p.1540) (BB)
Financial Independence Ratio	p.1300/ p.1700(BB)
Working capital ratio with own sources of financing	(p.1300-p.1100)/ p.1200 (BB)
Total liabilities to total assets	(p.1400 + p.1500)/ p.1600 (BB)
Total liabilities to equity	(p.1400 + p.1500)/ p.1300 (BB)

The requirements of clause 4 of the Law on accounting. accounting 129-FZ. The law does not say what volume of indicators will be necessary and sufficient. The approach may be as follows: a set of indicators reflected in the explanatory note should characterize the enterprise in the way we ourselves want. For example, if we want to show that everything is fine with us, we omit those indicators that indicate the opposite, and indicate only those indicators that will confirm our wonderful state. And vice versa: we want to show that everything is bad, we include in the explanatory note exactly those indicators that will testify to this.

7. Accounting methodology

OUR FIRM LLC maintains accounting records in accordance with the accounting policy of the enterprise, approved by Order No. 06 of 08/01/11, developed on the basis of and in accordance with the Federal Law of the Russian Federation of 11/21/96. No. 129-FZ “On Accounting”, the Regulation on Accounting and Accounting in the Russian Federation (approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation of July 29, 1998 No. 34n), accounting standards on certain accounting issues.

The main methodological provisions of the accounting section of the accounting policy:

7.1. The composition of fixed assets includes objects of labor means with a long (more than 12 months) period of use and a cost in excess of the limit established in PBU 6/01 for assets that are allowed to be included in inventories.

7.2. Depreciation on fixed assets is accrued on a straight-line basis over the entire useful life, determined in accordance with the norms of Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated 01.01.2002 No. 1.

7.3. Revaluation of fixed assets on a voluntary basis is not carried out.

7.4. The acquisition of inventories is reflected in accounting with an assessment of the actual cost on account 10 "Materials".

7.5. The used option for estimating stocks and calculating the actual cost of material resources released into production: at the cost of first-time purchases (FIFO).

7.6. The cost of special equipment and overalls is paid off at a time at the time of transfer to operation.

7.7. Purchased goods upon sale (release) are valued at the cost of the first inventory in terms of time of acquisition (FIFO method).

7.8. To account for the direct costs of the main production, the order-based method of accounting is used. The basis for the distribution of overhead costs between the objects of calculation is the wages of personnel directly involved in the execution of work on the order.

7.9. Indirect expenses are reflected on account 25 "General production expenses", account 26 "General expenses" (in the absence of trading activities).

7.10. Indirect costs collected on account 26 “General business expenses” are written off monthly directly to account 90 “Sales”.

7.11. Management expenses include only general business expenses, excluding elements of overhead expenses.

7.12. When carrying out trading activities, accounting of income and expenses is carried out as a whole (by the boiler method), without breakdown by contracts and accounts. Sales and commercial expenses are recorded on account 44 and are included in the cost of sold products, goods, works, services in full in the reporting period of their recognition as expenses for ordinary activities.

7.13. Reserves for future expenses and payments are created in accordance with applicable law.

7.14. Income and expenses in accounting are recognized on an accrual basis (at the moment of transfer of ownership of the goods to the buyer or at the moment the customer accepts the work, provides the service).

7.15. To account for income tax settlements at the enterprise, PBU 18/02 “Accounting for income tax settlements” is applied. Information on the current income tax is formed in accounting by adjusting the contingent income tax expense for the amounts of permanent tax assets and liabilities recognized in the reporting period, as well as for the amounts of differences between the amounts of deferred tax assets recognized and settled in the reporting period.

7.16. Estimated reserves are formed in accordance with the methods fixed in the accounting policy.

7.17. Estimated obligation to pay vacations is formed in accordance with the methodology fixed in the accounting policy.

7.18. In connection with the classification of an enterprise as a small business, the following accounting provisions do not apply:

— PBU 11/2008 “Information on Related Parties”;

- PBU 16/02 "Information on discontinued activities".

7.19. In connection with the assignment of the enterprise to small businesses, financial statements are generated according to a simplified system established for organizations-small business entities in clause 6 of the Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated July 2, 2010 No. 66n "On the forms of financial statements of organizations", namely:

a) the balance sheet and income statement include indicators only for groups of articles (without detailing indicators for articles);

b) in the appendices to the balance sheet and income statement, only the most important information is given, without knowledge of which it is impossible to assess the financial position of the organization or the financial results of its activities.

In order to form balance sheet indicators, an amount is recognized as significant, the ratio of which to the total result of the report item is at least 80%.

7.20. The changes made to the accounting policy for 2012 are of a technical nature.

8. Tax accounting methodology

OUR FIRM LLC maintains tax records in accordance with the accounting policy of the enterprise, approved by Order No. 06 of 08/01/11, developed in accordance with the Tax Code of the Russian Federation.

The main methodological provisions of the tax section of the accounting policy:

8.1. The date of sale for the purpose of calculating value added tax is recognized as soon as funds are received in payment for shipped goods (work performed, services rendered).

8.2. For income tax purposes, income and expenses are recognized on an accrual basis.

8.3. Method for evaluating materials used in the performance of work (rendering services), as well as purchased goods in the course of sale: at the cost of first-time acquisitions (FIFO).

8.4. For depreciable property, depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method at depreciation rates determined at the time the facility is put into operation. Special coefficients and reduced depreciation rates do not apply.

8.5. Reserves for future expenses for warranty repairs and repairs of the main ones are not created. These expenses are recognized for taxation purposes in the reporting (tax) period in which they were incurred.

8.6. The reserve for vacation pay is created in accordance with Article 324.1 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation according to the methodology fixed in the accounting policy.

8.7. The reserve for future expenses for the payment of annual remuneration for the length of service and at the end of the year is not created.

8.8. Reserves for doubtful debts are created in accordance with Article 266 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation.

8.9. Reporting period for income tax: quarter. The company applies the following procedure for paying advance payments during the year:

– payment of tax in monthly advance payments calculated based on the profit received for the previous quarter (no later than the 28th day of each month in the reporting period),

- payment at the end of the year (not later than March 28 of the year following the expired tax period).

8.10. Changes made to the tax accounting policy for 2012 are of a technical nature.

There is no specific requirement to include information on tax accounting policies in reporting in the legislation, but I think this section is appropriate: we are required to disclose the differences that arise between accounting and tax accounting (clause 25 PBU 18/02).

Similarly, we can say about the next section: I included most of it in the text not based on the requirements of accounting legislation, but to show that the company maintains tax records in accordance with the requirements of the Tax Code, and as an explanation for the differences that have arisen in accounting.

9. Explanations for tax returns

9.1. income tax

In accordance with Article 313 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, the enterprise calculated the tax base based on the results of the tax period based on tax accounting data.

The calculation of the tax base for the tax period is made in accordance with the norms established by the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, based on tax accounting data on an accrual basis from the beginning of the year.

In accordance with Article 315 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, the calculation of the tax base contains the data shown in Table 9:

Table 9 (in thousand rubles)

1. The period for which the tax base is determined (from the beginning of the tax period on an accrual basis)	From July 22, 2011 to December 31, 2011
2. The amount of income from sales received in the tax period, including:
1) proceeds from the sale of goods (works, services) of own production, as well as proceeds from the sale of property, property rights;
2) proceeds from the sale of securities not traded on an organized market;
3) proceeds from the sale of securities circulating on the organized market;
4) proceeds from the sale of purchased goods;
5) proceeds from the sale of fixed assets;
6) proceeds from the sale of goods (works, services) of service industries and farms.
3. The amount of expenses incurred in the tax period that reduce the amount of income from sales, including:
1) expenses for the production and sale of goods (works, services) of own production, as well as expenses incurred in the sale of property, property rights;
2) expenses incurred in the sale of securities not circulating on the organized market;
3) expenses incurred in the sale of securities circulating on the organized market;
4) expenses incurred in the sale of purchased goods;
5) expenses associated with the sale of fixed assets;
6) expenses incurred by service industries and farms when they sell goods (works, services).
4. Profit (loss) from sales, including:
1) profit from the sale of goods (works, services) of own production, as well as profit (loss) from the sale of property, property rights;
2) profit (loss) from the sale of securities not traded on the organized market;
3) profit (loss) from the sale of securities circulating on the organized market;
4) profit (loss) from the sale of purchased goods;
5) profit (loss) from the sale of fixed assets;
6) profit (loss) from the sale of service industries and farms
5. The amount of non-operating income, including:
1) income from operations with financial instruments of forward transactions circulating on the organized market;
2) income from operations with financial instruments of futures transactions that are not traded on the organized market.
6. The amount of non-operating expenses, in particular:
1) expenses on operations with financial instruments of forward transactions circulating on the organized market;
2) expenses on operations with financial instruments of futures transactions that are not traded on the organized market.
7. Profit (loss) from non-operating transactions
8. Total tax base for the tax period

According to tax accounting, taxable income amounted to XXXX thousand rubles.

According to accounting data, profit before taxation amounted to XXXX thousand rubles. (line 2300 GTC), net profit - XXXX thousand rubles. (page 2400 GTC).

Actually, section 9.1 can be omitted up to this point. Tables 10,11,12 reflect the requirements of clause 25 of PBU 18/02 (if it is applied in the organization).

Factors that influenced the deviation of taxable profit from accounting profit are presented in table 10.

Table 10 (in thousand rubles)

Types of income and expenses	Amounts taken into account in determining accounting profit	Amounts taken into account when determining taxable income	Differences that arose in the reporting period and led to the adjustment of the contingent income tax expense in order to determine the current income tax
Expenses incurred by the organization at the expense of net profit
Expenses reflected in accounting on the account of other income and expenses (in accordance with PBU 10/99), but not taken into account when taxing profits (in accordance with the Tax Code)			(constant difference increasing the tax base)
Excess entertainment expenses			(constant difference increasing the tax base)

Using the data in Table 10, the necessary income tax calculations were made in order to determine the current income tax (Table 11):

Table 11

The amount of the current profit tax formed in the accounting system and payable to the budget, reflected in the Profit and Loss Statement and in the income tax return, is XXX thousand rubles.

In order to check the influence of the mechanism for reflecting income tax calculations in the accounting system on the correct calculation of income tax intended for payment to the budget, the current income tax was calculated using the method of adjusting accounting data in order to determine the tax base for income tax.

The required adjustments are shown in Table 12:

Table 12 (in thousand rubles)

1.	Profit before tax according to the income statement (accounting profit) (line 2300 GTC)
2.	Increases na including:
	the amount of expenses incurred by the organization at the expense of net profit
	the amount of expenses reflected in accounting on the account of other income and expenses (in accordance with PBU 10/99), but not taken into account when taxing profits (in accordance with the Tax Code)
	excess entertainment expenses
3.	Total taxable income

Current income tax \u003d XXXX (thousand rubles) * 20/100 \u003d XXXX (thousand rubles)

9.2. value added tax

The calculation of the amount of value added tax payable to the budget for 2011 on the basis of tax declarations was made in accordance with Chapter 21 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation. In 2011, OUR FIRM LLC did not carry out tax-exempt operations.

Section 9.2 may also be omitted.

10. Information on the distribution of net profit

At the time of signing the financial statements of OUR FIRM LLC for 2011, it was not approved by the sole founder, the decision on the distribution of profit remaining at the disposal of the Company after taxation was not made.

CEO

Chief Accountant

Section 10 was introduced by me in order to finish logically, although in the light of PBU 7/98 it seems to me appropriate.

I hope my experience will be useful to someone.

I wish creative success to all accountants conjuring up annual reporting!

An explanatory note to the balance sheet is not always necessary, but its presence in a competent design will save the enterprise from many claims from regulatory agencies and from problems during the audit, so its value is difficult to overestimate.

An explanatory note to the balance sheet is a full disclosure of figures in the annual report, a detailed description of their origin, as well as data on the financial annual activities of the organization. The presence of this document fully ensures the transparency of the enterprise and protects its reputation.

In fact, this is a separate reporting document, which contains explanations for the annual reporting.

This document is important not only for regulatory authorities, but also for investors who need to see the completeness of the financial condition.

The note indicates the complete data on the balance sheet and on the report - it is usually not compiled for one document.

Important: in 2017, an explanatory note is not required for an LLC, which, according to the criteria, fits the criteria of a small business.

What forms of explanatory note should be used in accounting - see here:

Who draws up the document and when

The document is compiled by an accountant who was involved in the formation of annual reports and balance sheets.

The formation takes place immediately after the preparation of the annual documentation, since for organizations that are required to compile it, it is necessary to submit a note along with annual papers.

Form and details of the note

According to the current legislation, there is no approved explanatory note form, it is only necessary that when drawing up in form 5, all data and explanations should be taken into account, which will fully give an idea to shareholders and other owners of the enterprise about the financial condition.

According to PBU 4/99, the paper must contain the following:

• Details of the subject;
• Information about him;
• Assessment of financial and economic activities;
• Comparison of indicators of the current year and the previous one;
• Methods for assessing assets and liabilities;
• Significant financial statements.

Important: if accounting was not performed during the year for good reasons, then this should be mentioned in a note indicating the reasons for such behavior, otherwise the company will be responsible for evading its direct duties.

The document also reflects the forthcoming changes in the accounting policy of the enterprise next year.

Among other things, you must specify information important for the enterprise:

• Analysis of the dynamics of economic progress over the past few periods;
• Take into account the figures that had a significant impact on the activities of the enterprise;
• Describe plans and forecasts for future events;
• Planned financial investments;
• Use of loans;
• Other data.

Sample explanatory note to the balance sheet.

Step by step instructions for filling

Each company develops its own form, but in general terms it consists of text and a table.

You should start the formation of the document by specifying information about the enterprise:

• The name of the company;
• The volume of sales of products in the context of nomenclature units of goods, services or works;
• The main items of material and production costs;
• The size of the formed reserves for future spending, their dynamics in comparison with previous years;
• Other expenses.

In this part, you can analyze in detail the factors on which current costs depend.

Among them may be:

• Cost optimization;
• Increasing sales;
• Improvement of the production process;
• Changes in storage and transportation conditions.

• Solvency;
• liquidity;
• Profitability.

Based on these data, draw conclusions about the economic activity of the enterprise.

In the following part of the note, you must provide a transcript of the accounting documentation:

• When decoding data on fixed assets, it is necessary to indicate the terms and methods of depreciation. How depreciation is calculated in a linear way - read;
• According to the MPZ, it is necessary to indicate all the essential details, including the methods for their assessment;
• For financial investments, it is necessary to indicate their structure and methods for their evaluation.

Important: accounts payable are taken out separately, indicating the volume of loans and borrowings, the timing and dates of their receipt, as well as forms of security. In what order is carried out with an expired limitation period, you will find out in the publication at the link.

It is impossible to bypass the accounting policy of the company, it also needs to devote a certain part of the explanatory document.

An example of filling out an explanatory note.

Here you should disclose data on depreciation, valuation of assets and liabilities, features of recognition of income and expenses. If there are changes in this direction, it is necessary to indicate this with the rationale for the expediency of such changes.

Also, a separate paragraph should indicate options for economic activity that were not taken into account in the previous sections, for example, information about the termination of activities, about affiliates, obtaining and applying state assistance, facts of conditional management.

Thus, this document consists of several sections, the development of which the enterprise performs independently, however, the main information in the document must be included.

Compilation errors

It follows from everything that the note should be formed for each enterprise individually, since any given example will be tailored to the management of a particular company, taking into account its characteristics.

However, when developing, in order to avoid mistakes, it is necessary to rely on the basic requirements for information disclosure.

It is important to consider the following nuances:

• General information about the company itself and the results of the annual activity;
• Disclosure of the values ​​of indicators of financial statements and features of accounting;
• Analysis of receivables and payables with a detailed indication of the credit funds of the enterprise;
• Information about the accounting policy of the enterprise;
• Other information must be added depending on the degree of its impact on the financial and economic application of the enterprise.

An example of an explanatory note

Explanatory note to the balance sheet

Industry LLC for 2017

1. General information

Industry LLC was registered by IFTS No. 8 for the city of St. Petersburg on August 25, 2001. Next, you should indicate the full details, registration number, TIN, KPP, PSRN and others.

The balance sheet is formed in accordance with the rules of balance sheet and reporting in force in Russia.

• Authorized capital - 1,200,000 rubles;
• The number of shares is 1,200 pieces with a par value of one 1,000 rubles;
• The main activity is the manufacture of metal parts, indicating the OKVED code;

Composition of affiliated persons:

• Adreev Alexander Alekseevich - Member of the Board of Directors;
• Ilyin Vladimir Aleksandrovich – Member of the Board of Directors.

1. The main provisions of the accounting policy

Approved by the order of the director No256 dated 10/30/2001 - further, in a concise form, it is necessary to describe the provisions with an indication of and other data.

1. Balance structure - it is necessary to indicate for each line the % change ratio for the year. you will learn how to prepare a statement of changes in equity.
2. Estimating the value of net assets, it is necessary to indicate their size in relation to the authorized capital.
3. Analysis of basic financial information - financial ratios are indicated.
4. Composition of fixed assets.
5. Estimated liabilities and reserves:

• As of December 31, 21017, an allowance for vacations was formed in the amount of 500,000 rubles for 56 unpaid vacation days, the execution was postponed to 2018;
• For doubtful debts, a reserve in the amount of 1.5 million rubles as a result of overdue debts without collateral from PJSC Almaz.

1. Labor and its pay

Accounts payable to the salary is 2,000,000 rubles for December 2017, the due date is January 5, 2018. Staff turnover in the past period amounted to 36.76%, payroll - 256 people. The average monthly salary is 36,000 rubles.

1. Issued and received collateral and payments - a complete list.
2. Other information.

Director of Industry LLC Nikonov I.I. 02/26/2018

Conclusion

This document is mandatory for all enterprises, with the exception of small businesses, budgetary and non-profit companies, a responsible approach to its preparation ensures the submission of complete information to regulatory authorities and the board of directors.

What is a balance sheet and how to draw up all the documents necessary for it, you will learn in this video:

Instruction

The law defines the range of information that must be presented in the explanatory note, and you determine the form of presentation yourself. Along with the text, the explanatory note may contain analytical tables, graphs and diagrams. But to simplify the task, get a sample form of an explanatory note from any legal reference system. You can then edit this form to suit your needs.

The information to be disclosed in the explanatory note can be conditionally summarized into three groups: information about the organization itself; information about its accounting policies; the main factors affecting the activities of the organization and its financial results. Information about the details of the company, data about the head, chief accountant and regulatory bodies, the average number of employees, the size of the authorized capital, information about issued shares and similar basic information. Also, an essential part of this section of the explanatory note is the list and types of activities of the organization - natural and cost indicators and factors that influenced financial results in the reporting year. At the same time, in the explanatory note it is worth including not everything in a row, but only those whose economic importance (percentage of revenue, asset value, etc.) is at least 10%, as well as those that appeared in the accounting for the last reporting period.

In the explanatory note to you must reflect information about the accounting policy of your organization and changes in it. At the same time, accounting methods that are essential for the correct assessment of your financial position by interested users of financial statements and their decision-making are recognized as significant. For example, such positions as the procedure for recognizing revenue and recognizing expenses, methods for valuing assets and inventories, methods of accrual, method of distributing resources between the activities of the organization, etc. are subject to disclosure. If changes in accounting policies are expected for the next reporting year, the content of the changes should also be indicated in the explanatory note.

Information on the financial position of the organization includes an extensive list of indicators for the reporting period that affect the financial activities of the organization: from the consumer price index to the current liquidity ratio and the average salary in the organization. It is also necessary to bring the dynamics of the data - to compare the reporting year with the previous ones. In this section of the explanatory note, any information useful for drawing up a complete and objective picture of the financial position of the organization is appropriate.

In the explanatory note, you must indicate whether you apply the accounting rules in force in the Russian Federation or allow non-application of these rules (in cases where their observance does not provide a complete and reliable reflection of the picture of the enterprise). The facts of non-use of PBU must be justified!

In an explanatory note to the financial statements, you must disclose information about events after the reporting date that may affect the financial condition and performance of the organization. Such events may include a decision to reorganize, declared for payment, a natural disaster that caused a loss, a revaluation or sale of inventories, an unforeseen cessation of part of the organization's activities, and so on. An approximate list of facts of economic activity that may be events after the reporting date is given in the Appendix to PBU 7/98.

Information about the so-called contingent facts of economic activity, that is, such facts, regarding the consequences of which and the likelihood of their occurrence in the future, there is uncertainty is also subject to disclosure. These may be pending litigation or problems with the tax authorities; issued but not repaid obligations, guarantees, promissory notes; relocation of the organization or its part to another region and other similar facts.

Any enterprise reporting will be clearer for information users if there are explanations. An explanatory note to the balance sheet and the income statement is provided for the financial and accounting statements. Let's consider a sample of filling out explanations for the balance sheet.

Explanations drawn up for financial and accounting statements are designed to:

• describe in detail the meaning of reporting indicators;
• link the content of the reports with each other;
• reflect the current accounting policy of the enterprise;
• justify the financial result.

This is an important document, based on which you can conduct a deep analysis of the economic activities of the organization.

All organizations that maintain full accounting records should draw up an explanatory note. The exception is small businesses that are allowed a simplified accounting procedure and are not subject to mandatory audit.

The mandatory form of submission is not established by law; it can be drawn up using tables and text. There is only the form recommended by the Ministry of Finance.

Deadlines and procedure for submitting an explanatory note

The preparation of an explanatory note is carried out within the same time frame as the accompanying financial statements. The submission procedure also coincides with the procedure, deadline and addressees for the submission of annual or interim accounting and financial statements.

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Contents of the explanatory note to the balance sheet

In the process of compiling explanations, it is necessary to disclose the indicators shown in the reports in summary:

• cost of fixed assets;
• value of intangible assets;
• inventory value;
• accounts payable;
• receivables;
• structure and size of financial investments.

It should also be taken into account that the content of not only balance sheet items is disclosed, but also other forms of reporting, especially for the Statement of Financial Results.

Almost always, if an enterprise suffers a loss at the end of the reporting period, the tax authority requires it to be substantiated and confirm the correctness of accounting for income and expenses. In this situation, the totality of indicators of the balance sheet, cash flow statement, statement of changes in capital, can confirm the correctness of the calculation of taxes.

If the company changed the accounting policy, then it is necessary to reflect this in the text and explain the essential conditions of the accounting policy.

The explanatory note also discloses the composition of affiliated persons.

Sample explanatory note to the balance sheet

Example 1. How can I start an explanatory note

Example 2. How to explain individual balance sheet items

In the explanatory note, we give, for example, such tables, with an explanation of which indicator is indicated in the corresponding line of the balance sheet.

Example 3. How to explain the Statement of Financial Performance

With careful and systematic maintenance of tax accounting registers, it will not be difficult for an accountant to enter accounting results in a simple table. In this case, the cost structure of the enterprise is clearly visible.

This method of explanation is also convenient for further preparation of the Report for founders. The visibility of expense items allows the owner to make adequate decisions and evaluate the profitability of business lines.

If an enterprise receives income from several types of activities, it is also advisable to break down the gross income received into separate items:

Thus, a well-written explanatory note solves the following questions:

• reduces the number of requests for explanations received by the organization from the tax authorities;
• reduces the likelihood of on-site inspections;
• gives users reporting the most accurate picture of the economic life of the organization;
• serves as a basis for deep analytics of business processes;
• helps owners to correctly assess the situation and develop profitable areas.

In accordance with paragraph 1 of Article 13 of Law No. 129-FZ “On Accounting”, organizations are required to draw up financial statements based on synthetic and analytical accounting data.

Note:In accordance with paragraph 3 of article 4 of Law No. 129-FZ, organizations that have switched to the USNO, released from accounting duties. At the same time, organizations that are on the simplified taxation system must keep records of fixed assets and intangible assets in accordance with applicable law.

In accordance with paragraph 28 of PBU 4/99 "Accounting statements of the organization", Explanations to the balance sheet and income statement disclose information in the form of separate reporting forms and in the form explanatory note.

The explanatory note is included in the financial statements in accordance with paragraph 2 of Article 13 of Law 129-FZ, along with the balance sheet and other forms of financial statements.

An explanatory note to the annual financial statements must contain significant information:

• about the organization
• her financial situation,
• comparability of data for the reporting and previous years,
• valuation methods and material items of financial statements.

The explanatory note must state the facts non-application accounting rules in cases where they do not allow to reliably reflect the property status and financial performance of the organization, with appropriate justification.

Otherwise, non-application of accounting rules is considered as an evasion from their implementation and is recognized as a violation of the legislation of the Russian Federation on accounting.

In the explanatory note to the financial statements, the organization announces changes in its accounting policy for the next reporting year (clause 4, article 13 of the Law 129-FZ "On Accounting").

Also, an organization may provide additional information related to financial statements if it considers it useful for interested users in making economic decisions (clause 39 of PBU 4/99).

It reveals:

• dynamics of the most important economic and financial indicators of the organization's activities over a number of years;
• planned development of the organization;
• prospective capital and long-term financial investments;
• borrowing policy, risk management;
• activities of the organization in the field of research and development work;
• environmental protection measures;
• other information.

Additional information, if necessary, can be presented in the form of analytical tables, graphs and diagrams.

Guided by the requirements of Law No. 129-FZ and the provisions of the current PBU, we will draw up an approximate Explanatory Note to the balance sheet of a small organization Romashka LLC for 2011.

EXPLANATORY NOTE

to the annual balance sheet for 2011 LLC firm "ROMASHKA"

1. Basic information about the organization.

Limited Liability Company "ROMASHKA" company, legal and actual address: 117437, Moscow, Profsoyuznaya st., building No. 110, building B.

PSRN: 1012357987234.

TIN: 7723123702.

Gearbox: 772301001.

Registered with the Federal Tax Service of Russia No. 23 for Moscow on July 20, 2007. certificate 77 No. 005555155.

The financial statements of the Company are formed on the basis of the rules of accounting and reporting in force in the Russian Federation.

The number of employees at the end of the reporting period was 55 people.

In 2011, there was an increase in the authorized capital at the expense of retained earnings of previous years in accordance with Minutes No. 1U dated April 11, 2011 in the amount of 3 000 000 rub. The size of the authorized capital of the Company as of 31.12.2011. is 3 100 000 rubles.

The main activities of the Company are the production and wholesale of hosiery.

Production and financial activities were carried out by the Company throughout the entire period of 2011 and were aimed at generating income in the reporting and subsequent periods.

Materiality level fixed by the Company in the accounting policy for accounting purposes is 15% from the relevant item in the financial statements.

2. Revenue (income) from sales

Revenue from the performance of work, the provision of services, the sale of products with a long production cycle is recognized when ready works, services, products (clause 13 PBU 9/99 "Income of the organization").

Sales revenue in 2011 amounted to 2 000 000 rub. (without VAT):

Revenues from sales for the previous reporting periods amounted to (without VAT):

• 2010 - 1 700 000 rub.;
• year 2009 - 1 500 000 rub.;
• 2008 - 1 200 000 rub.;
• 2007 - 800 000 rub.

The analysis of the given indicators testifies to the positive dynamics of the development of the financial and economic activity of the enterprise.

3. Costs related to implementation

Management expenses accounted for in the debit of account 26 "General expenses" at the end of the reporting period are not distributed among the objects of calculation and are written off as conditionally permanent directly to the debit of account 90 "Sales of products (works, services)" with distribution between product groups in proportion to the specific the weight of sales proceeds.

Recognized in the cost of sold products, goods, works, services in full in the reporting year of their recognition as expenses for ordinary activities (clause 9 PBU 10/99 "Expenses of the organization").

The costs associated with the implementation in 2011 amounted to 1 000 000 rub. (without VAT):

For the purposes of tax accounting, the amount of expenses associated with the sale amounted to 970 000 rub.

The resulting difference in accounting for production and management expenses for the purposes of accounting and tax accounting was formed in connection with the use of PBU for determining expenses in accounting and the provisions of the Tax Code for accounting for expenses for tax purposes.

30 000 rub. made up of a temporary difference in the amount 20 000 rub. and permanent differences in the amount 10 000 rub. in the following way:

1. Temporary size difference 20 000 rub. was formed due to differences in accounting for depreciation of fixed assets for tax and accounting purposes.

2. Permanent differences in size 10 000 rub. (5,000 + 5,000) consist of expenses not accepted for NU purposes, namely:

• 5 000 rub. fixed assets depreciation not accepted for NU purposes;
• 5 000 rub. health insurance costs in excess of the norm.

The costs associated with the sale for the previous reporting periods amounted to (without VAT):

• 2010 - 900 000 rub.;
• year 2009 - 800 000 rub.;
• 2008 - 700 000 rub.;
• 2007 - 600 000 rub.

The analysis of the given indicators testifies to the optimization of the costs associated with the implementation, which positively affects the economic activity of the enterprise.

4. Financial result obtained from the main activities

The financial result obtained from the main activities in 2011 amounted to 1 000 000 rub. ( 2 000 000 - 1 000 000 ).

For the purposes of tax accounting, the amount of profit from sales amounted to 1 030 000 rub. ( 2 000 000 - 970 000 ).

In addition, the main activity does not reflect the results of the sale of a large batch of finished products, due to the delay in the transfer of the batch of goods to the buyer LLC "LUTIK" and the signing of the consignment note TORG-12.

The sale of goods took place in the 1st quarter of 2012. All production work was completed in the 4th quarter of 2011.

Finished products are reflected on account 43 "Finished products" in the amount of actual costs for its manufacture - 200 000 rub.

The amount of proceeds from the sale of this batch of products of own production is 470 000 rub.

The amount of profit (before tax) on this project will be 270 000 rub.

5. Other income

The amount of other income in 2011 amounted to 150 000 rub.

100 000 rub.

The resulting difference in the accounting of other income for the purposes of accounting and tax accounting was formed in connection with the application of PBU to determine the amount of other income in accounting and the provisions of the Tax Code - to account for income for tax purposes.

The amount of the difference between BU and NU in the amount 50 000 rub. represents a constant difference, which consists of the amount of the contribution of the founder, who owns 100% of the shares in the LLC.

6. Other expenses

The amount of other expenses in 2011 amounted to 350 000 rub.

For the purposes of tax accounting, the amount of other income amounted to 185 000 rub.

The resulting difference in the accounting of other expenses for the purposes of accounting and tax accounting was formed in connection with the use of PBU to determine the amount of other expenses in accounting and the provisions of the Tax Code - to account for expenses for tax purposes.

The amount of the difference between BU and NU in the amount 165 000 rub. is a permanent difference, which is formed from the following expenses not accepted for NU purposes:

• 10 000 rub. interest on loans (including promissory notes) exceeding the maximum amount accepted for the purposes of NU in accordance with Article 269 of the Tax Code;
• 50 000 rub. expenses of previous tax periods that are not taken into account in the current tax period;
• 60 000 rub. bonuses from net profit and material assistance to employees of the organization;
• 40 000 rub. fines and penalties under the act of the on-site inspection of the PFR and the FSS dated September 27, 2011 No. 547;
• 5 000 rub. other expenses (including depreciation of fixed assets for non-production purposes, purchase of drinking water and other expenses not taken into account for NU purposes).

During 2011, the Company accounted as other expenses expenses in the form of interest on a long-term bank loan in the amount of 150 000 rub.

This loan was provided to the Company by Vozrozhdenie Bank to replenish working capital, in accordance with the loan agreement dated November 15, 2011. No. 2342/2.

The loan amount, according to the agreement, is 1 000 000 rub. and was fully received by the Company in November 2011.

The maturity date for the principal amount of the debt under the loan agreement is November 15, 2014. Interest is repaid monthly.

7. Income tax calculations

The Company forms in the accounting records and discloses in the financial statements information on corporate income tax calculations in accordance with the requirements of PBU 18/02 “Accounting for corporate income tax calculations”.

Profit for income tax purposes in accordance with the data of tax accounting registers and tax return data amounted to 945 000 rub.

The income tax rate in 2011 was 20%. The amount of accrued income tax according to the tax return for 2011 amounted to 189 000 rub.

The amount of accounting profit according to the accounting registers amounted to 800 000 rub.

The amount of the conditional expense reflected in the accounting records in the debit of account 99.02.1 “Conditional income tax expense” amounted to 160 000 rub. (800,000*20%).

The amount of deferred tax assets (hereinafter DTA) at the beginning of 2011 was 16 000 rub. During 2011 there was an increase in IT by the amount 4 000 rub. due to the occurrence of a temporary difference (in terms of depreciation of fixed assets) in the amount of 20 000 rub. (20,000*20% = 4,000).

The amount of permanent tax assets (hereinafter PTA) was in 2011 10 000 rub. PNA arose due to a permanent difference in the amount of the contribution of the founder who owns 100% of the shares in the LLC in the Company's management company in the accounting records in the amount of 50 000 rub.

The amount of permanent tax liabilities (hereinafter referred to as TTL) in 2011 amounted to 35 000 rub. PNR arose due to permanent differences in the amount 175 000 rub. ((10,000 + 165,000)*20% = 35,000).

The current corporate income tax calculated in accordance with the provisions of PBU 18/02 is 189 000 rub. ( 160 000 + 4 000 + 35 000 - 10 000 )* and corresponds to the data of the tax return for 2011.

*Current corporate income tax = conditional expense + Accrued IT + PNO - PNA.

8. Financial result of economic activity

The financial result obtained in 2011 amounted to 615 000 rub. ( 800 000 - 189 000 + 4 000 ).

The financial result of the enterprise in 2011 was affected by the expenses incurred and written off to the financial result:

• managerial,
• commercial,
• others,

associated with the sale of a large batch of finished products produced in the 4th quarter of 2011 and sold in the 1st quarter of 2012.

9. Information about the accounting policy of the organization

The regulation on the accounting policy applied by the Company was drawn up in accordance with the provisions of Federal Law No. 129-FZ dated November 21, 1996. “On Accounting” and the requirements of PBU 1/2008 “Accounting Policy of the Organization” and other current provisions, guidelines, instructions.

The accounting policy of the Company was approved by Order No. 1UP dated December 30, 2010.

The initial cost of the fixed assets of the Company is repaid:

• in a linear way according to depreciation rates established depending on the useful life of fixed assets in accordance with the Classification of fixed assets, approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 01.01.2002. No. 1.

In the case of the acquisition of used fixed assets, the useful life of this property is determined as follows:

• the useful life is reduced by the number of years (months) of operation of this property by the previous owner.

Assets in respect of which the conditions are met that serve as the basis for their acceptance for accounting as fixed assets, with a value of not more than 40,000 rubles per unit, are reflected in accounting and reporting:

• as part of inventories and are written off as expenses as they are put into operation.

The Company does not create a reserve for fixed assets repair.

Fixed asset repair costs:

• are included in the cost of products (works, services) of the reporting period.

OS inventory is performed:

• 1 time in 3 years.

Inventory assessment upon disposal is carried out by weighted average the cost of acquisition/procurement of the inventory group.

Society creates reserveunder the reduction of the cost of inventory through financial results.

The reserve for the decrease in the cost of inventory is formed:

• by the amount of the difference between the current market value and the actual cost, if the latter is higher than the current market value.
• The amount of the reserve in the absence of asset movement:
• during the year - 50% of the book value,
• over a year - 100% of the book value.

The cost of special equipment redeemed:

• in a linear way.

The cost of special clothing, the service life of which, according to the issuance standards, does not exceed 12 months, at the time of transfer (vacation) to employees of the organization

• written off at the same time.

In the reporting year, the enterprise creates allowance for doubtful debts for settlements with other organizations and citizens for products, goods, works and services with the allocation of the amount of reserves to the financial results of the organization (clause 70 of the Regulations on Accounting and Reporting).

The allowance for doubtful debts is:

• 100%, if a court decision is made not in favor of the Company, or on bankruptcy/liquidation of the debtor.
• 100%, if all attempts made to search for the debtor were unsuccessful.
• 50% if it was not possible to avoid pre-trial settlement and the case was brought to court.
• 50% if the period of delay of the debt exceeds 3 months and the debtor does not sign the act of reconciliation of mutual settlements / does not agree with the amount of the debt.
• 30%, if the period of delay of the debt exceeds 3 months and the debtor signed the act of reconciliation of mutual settlements and agrees with the amount of the debt.

Revenue from the performance of work, the provision of services, the sale of products with a long production cycle, the following is recognized:

• as soon as work, services, products are ready (clause 13 PBU 9/99).

Production costs are accumulated on account 20 "Main production" with analytical accounting by types of nomenclature, types of production costs, divisions.

Unfinished production takes into account:

• on account 20 "Main production" in the amount of the actual cost. Account 21 "Semi-finished products of own production" does not apply.

To direct costs

• The actual cost of raw materials, materials used in the production of goods (performance of work, provision of services) and forming their basis, or being a necessary component in the production of goods (performance of work, provision of services);
• The cost of finished products used in production;
• General production expenses.

General production costs are accumulated on account 25 "General production costs" and at the end of the month are written off to account 20 "Main production" with the distribution of costs by type of item.

To overhead expenses related to the production and sale of goods of own production, as well as the performance of work and the provision of services include:

• The actual cost of raw materials and materials used for general production purposes;
• Depreciation deductions for fixed assets for production and general production purposes;
• Depreciation deductions for intangible assets for production and general production purposes;
• The cost of purchased goods and finished products used in production;
• Expenses for work and services of third-party organizations of a production and general production nature;
• Labor costs of the main production personnel with deductions for insurance premiums;
• Deferred expenses in the part related to general production expenses.

The distribution of overhead costs accounted for in the debit of account 25 "General production costs" is carried out in proportion to:

• proceeds from the sale of products (works, services).

Management expenses, accounted for in the debit of account 26 "General business expenses", at the end of the reporting period

• are not distributed among the objects of calculation and are debited directly to the debit of account 90 “Sales of products (works, services)” as conditionally constant with distribution between product groups in proportion to the share of sales proceeds.

Selling and management expenses recognized in the cost of sold products, goods, works, services:

• fully in the reporting year of their recognition as expenses for ordinary activities (clause 9 PBU 10/99).

Cost of purchased goods in accounting is formed:

• based on the cost of their acquisition. Transportation costs for the delivery of goods are recorded separately on account 44 "Sales costs".

Upon disposal financial investments their evaluation is carried out at the initial cost of each accounting unit of financial investments.

Costs incurred by the organization in the reporting period, but related to the next reporting periods are reflected in the balance sheet:

• in accordance with the conditions for the recognition of assets established by regulatory legal acts on accounting, and are subject to write-off in the manner established for writing off the value of assets of this type (clause 65 of the Regulations on Accounting and Reporting).

Costs that were previously accounted for by the entity included in deferred expenses reflected on account 97, are not transferred in accounting registers. In the balance sheet, these costs are reflected in accordance with the conditions for the recognition of assets established by regulatory legal acts on accounting, and are subject to write-off in the manner established for writing off the value of assets of this type.

Non-exclusive rights for software products and other similar intangible objects that are not intangible assets in accordance with PBU 14/2007:

• accounted for on account 97 "Deferred expenses" and written off to expenses on a monthly basis in equal installments during the period of the contract (clause 39 PBU 14/2007).

In the balance sheet, these costs are reflected in accordance with the conditions for the recognition of assets established by regulatory legal acts on accounting, and are subject to write-off in the manner established for writing off the value of assets of this type.

Reserves for future expenses for the payment of vacation pay are recognized as an estimated liability and are reflected in the account of reserves for future expenses. The amount of the estimated liability is included in other expenses. The amount of the estimated liability is determined on the basis of the entire amount of vacation pay due, but not taken off by employees on the reporting date (clauses 17, 18, 19 of PBU "Estimated Liabilities, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets").

Reserves for future expenses and payments in 2011, the creation of which is not mandatory in accordance with the current legislation - are not created.

Received loans and credits are accounted for as part of short-term or long-term borrowings, in accordance with the terms of the agreement, namely:

• With a maturity not exceeding 12 months, loans and borrowings are accounted for as short-term debt on loans and borrowings;
• With a maturity exceeding 12 months - as part of long-term debt on loans and borrowings.

Transfer of long-term accounts payable indebtedness on received loans and credits is not made into short-term accounts payable.

Interest charges and (or) discount on bonds are reflected in:

• other expenses in those reporting periods to which these accruals relate.

CEO

Fomin Ivan Vladimirovich __________________ (signature)

Chief Accountant

Ivanova Elena Sergeevna __________________ (signature)