Presentation moral culture. Abstract and presentation for the lesson "moral culture". Great figures of Russian culture

Lesson 79-80

Social studies 11, profile level

Morality and Morality

D.Z: § thirty, ?? (p.325), assignments (p.325-326),

source (p.326-327)

© A.I. Kolmakov

• give an idea about the spiritual world of the individual;
• Develop the ability to search for information, analyze, draw conclusions, rationally solve cognitive problems and problematic tasks, disclose on examples the most important theoretical provisions and concepts of the social sciences and humanities, participate in the discussion work with documents;
• form respect for the spiritual world of each person.

Universal learning activities

• Know the concepts: morality, morality, moral culture
• Develop the ability to morally assess the social behavior of people.

• moral culture;
• morality;
• moral;
• ethics;
• good and evil;
• duty;
• conscience;
• honor and dignity of the individual;
• moral ideal;
• ethical categories;
• moral resistance

Learning new material

• Moral guidelines of the individual.
• Moral culture

Remember. What is the place of morality in the system of social norms and values? How is moral regulation different from legal regulation? Can a person with a low level of moral culture be considered a personality?

Ethics

A specialized philosophical science that explores a holistic theoretical consideration of the moral life of society in the system of its various manifestations.

Ancient India, Ancient China the philosophical dimension revealed the socially significant meaning of the moral and immoral deeds of a person.

Ethics explored the structures and mechanisms of preparation and adoption of moral decisions by specific individuals, revealed the influence on the level, nature and direction of these decisions of the individual's self-consciousness. Core subject of ethics MORALITY .

Man has two worlds -

One who created us.

Another that we are from the century

We create to the best of our ability.

N. Zabolotsky.

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"Only two things in the world able to disturb our imagination: the starry sky above us and the moral law within us." I. Kant

What did the poet of the 20th century and the philosopher of the 10th century want to express in their thoughts? VIII- early X I X v.?

Parable:

Creating the human race gods took care of him with truly divine generosity: gave reason, speech, fire, abilities for craftsmanship and art. Everyone was endowed with some kind of talent. Builders, blacksmiths, doctors, etc. appeared. Man began to get food, make beautiful things, build dwellings. But the gods failed to teach people how to live in society.. And when people got together for some big deal - to build a road, a canal, fierce disputes broke out between them, and often the case ended in a general collapse. People were too selfish, too intolerant and cruel, they decided everything only by brute force... And the threat of self-destruction hung over the human race.

Then the father of the gods Zeus feeling its special responsibility, commanded to introduce shame and truth into people's lives.

The gods were delighted with the wisdom of the father. They asked him only one question: how to distribute shame and truth among people? After all, the gods bestow talents selectively: they will send the abilities of a builder to one, a musician to another, a healer to a third, etc.

But what about shame and truth?

Zeus replied that shame and truth should have all people . Otherwise, there will be no cities, no states, no people on Earth. . .

What eternal universal values ​​and why did God give man?

MORALITY

Formed with the emergence of human society

Associated with all spheres of public life

Form of social consciousness

Cultural-historical phenomenon, class

The subject of study of ethics

MORALITY

estimated

aspect

Informative

aspect

regulatory

aspect

The freedom of man, his ability to choose between good and evil is called moral choice.

Morality is a set of norms approved by public opinion that determine the relations of people in society, their obligations to each other and to society.

Do not lie

Don't steal

Don't kill

Meaning of life

Liberty

Happiness …

benevolence

Justice

Wisdom

Norms

behavior

Moral

quality

higher

moral

values

Moral

requirements and

representation

Moral

principles

Morally-

psychological

mechanisms

Duty

Conscience

Collectivism / individualism

Egoism/altruism

THE ROLE OF MORALITY

One option

Regulates

behavior

person in

all areas

public

life

Provides

unity and

consistency

interactions

people at

various

circumstances

Is an

vital

landmark for

human,

aspiring to

self-improvement

Forms

moral

appearance

personality,

moral

consciousness

Moral norms and requirements stimulate the development of moral views, beliefs, feelings, which together form moral consciousness.

Controlling human actions

Regulatory

Affirmation of the human in man

Another variant

Value-

orientational

Coordinating

Functions

morality

Unity and coherence of people's actions

Motivational

constitutive

Formation of the moral character of the individual

Immorality is unacceptable

Functions of morality

• estimated - consideration of actions in the coordinates of good and evil (as good, bad, moral or immoral);
• regulatory - establishment of norms, principles, rules of conduct;
• controlling - control over the implementation of norms on the basis of public condemnation and / or the conscience of the person himself;
• integrating - maintaining the unity of mankind and the integrity of the spiritual world of man;
• educational - formation of virtues and abilities of correct and justified moral choice.

Give examples of the real manifestation of each function of morality!

Positive consolidation of moral norms in individual consciousness

moral convictions

as accepted

moral principles

Apply to manifestations of your behavior!

Moral

principles real practical people behavior,

specific sphere of culture , in which high ideals and strict code of conduct regulating human behavior and consciousness in various areas of public life

the degree of assimilation by the individual of the moral values ​​of society and practical adherence to them in everyday life

world of existence

The world of due

Moral- the degree of assimilation by the individual of the moral values ​​of society and the practical adherence to them in everyday life, that is, the expression of the human in a person. Morality is the level of real moral behavior of people.

Moral - set of norms approved by public opinion,

determining

people relations

in society, their

duty friend

in front of a friend and in front of

society

Ethical (moral) categories - these are the fundamental concepts of morality, reflecting the events of life in terms of the most general moral assessments.

duty

dignity

conscience

happiness

honor

moral ideal

moral choice

Duty

• the totality of a person's obligations to society at the level of public opinion (consciousness),
• at the level of individual consciousness - the individual's understanding of these duties and acceptance of them.

• the demand for debt is the moral basis social discipline.

Conscience

• the ability of the individual to an emotional assessment of the actions committed and performed by her, correlated with the idea of ​​\u200b\u200bthe proper. Conscience is the "guard post" of society in the individual consciousness.

• manipulation of personality is possible only if conscience is turned off .

Honor and dignity

• Categories of honor and dignity personalities reflect the recognition of the value of a person based on the presence of certain required traits: nobility, readiness for selflessness, a certain restraint and observance in relations with other people of the rules adopted by one or another reference group.

Happiness

• The category of happiness captures the experiences of a person who is satisfied with his activities, his position and the prospects that open up.

moral ideal

The idea of ​​a perfect system of moral norms, values ​​embodied in the activity and behavior of the individual

Moral culture of the individual:

- the degree of perception by the individual of the moral consciousness and culture of society;

- implementation by a person in his behavior of moral principles, values, norms.

Factors that determine the level of moral culture:

The teacher organizes the discussion, only after it is completed, the points of the plan are displayed on the slide.

• General culture
• social interests
• Goals of life and activity
• The degree of moral feelings, empathy
• Wealth and variety of life connections and interests of the individual

Stages of formation of the moral culture of the individual

Find out which stage you are in!

Difficulties in the implementation of the moral ideal (reasons):

• Low general culture of people;
• Different social groups have different fundamental interests and goals of their life and behavior;
• Egoistic group and individualistic ideals and goals make general social tasks and interests recede into the background or disappear altogether;
• Paralysis of empathy;
• social mimicry.

Spiritual and moral commandments of academician Dmitry Sergeevich Likhachev:

• love people - both near and far;
• do good without seeing merit in it;
• love the world in yourself, not yourself in the world.
• be sincere: by misleading others, you are deceived yourself;
• learn to read with interest, with pleasure and slowly;
• reading is the path to worldly wisdom, do not disdain them!
• be a believer - faith enriches the soul and strengthens the spirit;
• be conscientious: all morality is in conscience;
• honor the past, create the present, believe in the future!

V. S. VYSOTSKY.

"Ballad of Time"

Time has not erased these concepts.

You just need to lift the top layer.

And smoking blood at the throat

Eternal feelings will pour out of us.

Now forever, forever and ever, old man,

And the price is the price, and the wine is the wine,

And it's always good if the honor is saved,

If the back is securely covered by the spirit.

We take purity, simplicity from the ancients,

Sagas, dragging tales from the past

Because good is good

Past, future and present.

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Control questions

• What is the difference between moral principles and moral norms?
• How do you understand the meaning of the moral principles of the individual?
• How is morality different from morality?
• What issues does ethics address?
• What are the reasons for the change in the content of moral categories in social development?
• What is the moral culture of the individual? How is it different from general culture?

reflection

• What have you learned?
• How?
• What have you learned?
• What difficulties did you experience?
• Was the lesson interesting?

Sources

1. Social science: 11 cells. : studies. for general education institutions: profile. level. / [L. N. Bogolyubov, A.Yu. Lazebnikova, A.T. Kinkulkin and others]; ed. L. N. Bogolyubova [and others]; Ross. acad. Sciences, Ross. acad. education, publishing house "Enlightenment" .- 8th ed. - M.: Education, 2014. - 432 p. - (Academic school textbook) ISBN 978-5-09-032479-3

2. Social science. Workshop. Grade 11: a manual for general education. institutions: profile level / L.N. Bogolyubov, Yu.I. Averyanov, N.I. Gorodetskaya and others/: ed. L.N. Bogolyubov. - M.: Enlightenment, 2008

3. Krayushkina S.V. Tests in social science: grade 11: to the textbook “Social science. Grade 11, ed. L.N. Bogolyubova and others / S.V. Krayushkin. - M .: Publishing house "Exam", 2012

5. Sorokina E.N. Lesson plans for social studies. profile level. Grade 11 (to the textbook, edited by L.N. Bogolyubov). – M.: VAKO, 2013

6. Zinina S.A., teacher of history and social studies, secondary school No. 43, Volgograd, http://prezentacii.com/obschestvoznanie/6077-moral-i-nravstvennost.html;

7. Timofeeva T.A., teacher of history and social studies "MBOU No. 16", http://infourok.ru/user/timofeeva-tatyana-aleksandrovna/progress

8. Pavlova A.V., teacher of history and social studies, secondary school No. 12, Vyshny Volochok

Topic number 23. Moral culture

Target: get acquainted with the concepts of "morality", "morality", the categories of good and evil, moral and immoral, moral and immoral.Tasks:

1. introduce the essence of morality and ethics, show the reasons for the change in the content of moral categories in social development, analyze moral culture.

2. Develop the ability to analyze, draw conclusions, rationally solve cognitive and problematic tasks, reveal the most important theoretical positions and concepts of the social sciences and humanities with examples, participate in discussions, work with documents.

3. To educate the moral qualities of students, to form an attitude towards moral and ethical guidelines in human life.
I. Repetition of the material covered .

1. Conversation on the questions:

What does the concept of culture as human achievement in transforming the world include?

What is the spiritual realm?

How are the culture of a society and the culture of an individual related?

What features characterize the spiritual life of modern Russia?

2. Communication of the topic and purpose of the lesson.

The topic of our lesson is Moral Culture. In the process of our lesson, we must define this term and study the main constituent elements of moral culture.

II. Presentation of the program material.
In the lessons of social science, you have already become acquainted with such concepts as morality, morality, culture, society.
Storytelling with elements of conversation
Scholars who study morality claim that morality is elementary in its content. Great moralists - Jesus Christ, Moses, Confucius, Socrates, Mohammed, Leo Tolstoy, Albert Schweitzer and others - reduced the basic meaning of morality to"golden rule" . It is formulated most expressively in the Bible, in Christ's Sermon on the Mount.“And so, in everything you want people to do to you, do the same to them.”
In these seemingly simple words, the soul of morality, its purpose. We get a clear answer to the question: why do we need morality? First of all, in order to teach us how to treat people.Morality, morality. Now let's think about what they mean when they say the word "morality". What it is?
It is clear that these are the rules that govern the behavior of people. There are many rules, but all of them are created in order to regulate, guide, advise (say, the rules of behavior for schoolchildren or the rules for handling electrical appliances, etc.).
The peculiarity of morality is that it regulates the relationship of a person to another person in terms of good and evil, justice or injustice. It is no coincidence that they say: "Morality begins where one person has done something good to another."
And from this position, one can (and should!) Evaluate a person's attitude towards himself. Weird? But only at first glance. The fact is that a person, in order to be a person, must engage in self-education (to develop moral qualities in himself: mercy, responsibility, honesty, diligence, justice), as well as self-criticism (constantly check his actions from the point of view of morality). All this is necessary in order to be a decent person, to be able to evaluate oneself, one's behavior from the standpoint of morality - good and evil. A decent person develops such qualities in himself all his life, as they say, he educates his soul in order to be able to act correctly, morally.
Now let's summarize what has been said. We can offer the following definition: morality is a special spiritual rules that regulate a person's behavior, his attitude towards other people, towards the environment and towards himself from the standpoint of good and evil, justice and injustice.

There is another word that is often used together with the word "morality". The word is "morality". Many scientists believe that there are no differences between these words, that these are synonymous words. But why do they still often use both of these words together, and in one phrase? They ask, for example: “How to evaluate this act from the point of view of morality and morality?”
Some scientists believe that these concepts should be able to distinguish. Morality is a strict spiritual code of conduct. And morality is the totality of human morals, life itself, more precisely, that part of life that is associated with deeds, customs and mores, the practical behavior of people at home, in the family, at work, on vacation, etc.

There are scientists who believe that morality can be good and evil, just as there are good and evil morals (before, they even said “good-natured”, “evil-natured”). Evil morality includes all negative, unkind deeds and deeds. An example of evil morality can be such, for example, judgments: “man is a wolf to man”, “to live with wolves - howl like a wolf”, “your shirt is closer to the body”, “falling - push”, etc.

Now let's turn to the scientific definition of moral culture.Moral culture It is an important part of the society in which we live.

What are the components of moral culture?

The main elements of moral culture are:

Moral consciousness.

Action.

Behavior.

Moral thinking.

Responsible choice.

The moral culture of society is very closely connected with the moral culture of the individual.

And I propose to discuss the question: “What qualities, in your opinion, should a person who wants to build a society with a high moral culture have.

There are moments in the life of society and every person when it is necessary to make a “moral choice”.

The feat of the inhabitants of besieged Leningrad

In besieged Leningrad, the city where Vavilov lived and worked for a long time, the first blockade winter was going on. The norms of bread were reduced to the impossible: workers - 250 grams per day, the rest - 125 grams. People went mad with hunger, fell on the move, died of exhaustion.

And at this time in the dark cold rooms on St. Isaac's Square, in a house with boarded up windows, there was a lot of food. There were dozens of tons of seeds and potato tubers in boxes and bags. But fourteen employees. All-Union Institute of Plant Industry (VIR), who worked and snatches slept nearby, were just as hungry and exhausted as all Leningraders. They raved about food, and yet none of them even thought of eating even a handful of grains to save their lives.

QUESTION TO THE TEXT

1 What civic qualities does the proposed situation demonstrate?

Do these qualities contribute to the development of the moral culture of society?

2 Can the behavior of these people be called a civil feat? Justify your opinion.

3 How are the concepts related in this situation?citizen and morality?What does it mean to act for the benefit of others? Justify your opinion.

4 What is the meaning and significance of the feat of the inhabitants of besieged Leningrad today?Justify your opinion.

Our society is not ideal, but each of us must understand that the society in which we live depends on his moral culture and civic position.

What do you think will help our society become morally cultured?

Is goodness only that which brings benefits? (NO)

Every day a person faces a choice - to do something as convenient or as it should? (YES)

“Man ... is only what he makes of himself?”, - considered the French philosopher J.-P. Sartre. (YES).

Core values ​​and moral standards

Throughout the long history of mankind, there have been many different values ​​and ideals. But people had and have a lot in common, which has been preserved for thousands of years. To live, we need peace and order. You need to work, have a family, a house, children. Need friends. We need a healthy natural environment. We need education, technology, science. And along with all these typical living conditions of people from era to era, time-tested moral norms are transmitted, which have become universal spiritual values .

live forever main moral standards : do not do to another what you do not wish for yourself (“the golden rule of morality”); honor the elders; do not kill, do not debauch, do not steal; do not lie; do not envy, do not encroach on someone else.
People have always condemned malice, meanness, betrayal, cruelty, theft, lies, slander. But they valued kindness, courage, honesty, self-control, modesty.

good and evil

What is good? And what is evil? These questions have been pondered throughout history. These are eternal questions.
The Russian writer V. Nabokov recalled how his nanny taught him as a child: before you do anything, ask yourself, “Is this true? Is it good? Is it worth the effort? Maybe you should heed this advice?
Everything that is opposite to good is evil. This is a violation of morality. Evil destroys the soul of the one who does evil, leads to moral degradation (destruction) of his personality.
The concept of evil covers all negative phenomena: violence, deceit, meanness, theft, hooliganism, cruelty, betrayal, denunciation (“snitching”), etc. Evil is where a person is humiliated, insulted, where he is not treated as a living person essence, but as a thing with which you can benefit for yourself.

Where there is a great social evil (exploitation, wars of conquest, persecution of dissidents or people of a different nationality, skin color, class or origin, etc.), there is necessarily a small, everyday evil that has become a habit, mores, into the psychology of people - rudeness, rudeness, selfishness, indifference to the suffering and grief of other people, stupidity, cruelty, lies, drunkenness, cunning, deceit, etc. Situation
A true story about an outstanding Russian actor. Having received an apartment in a large new building, he decided to hang a mirror in the elevator. But it was immediately stolen. He bought new. They stole it again. With each salary, the actor stubbornly bought a new mirror ... For many years there was a struggle. Then the actor died. The elevator mirror was stolen.

Think about what this story is about, if you look at it broadly, philosophically. What thoughts did it evoke in you?
It must be remembered that evil is insidious and, as a rule, does not shout: “I am evil! I am immorality!” On the contrary, it is often covered with a mask of goodness. Often a notorious criminal seeks to present his activities in a rosy light. Ham always shouts that he is right; grabber, bureaucrat, robbing us, claims to help us, does a favor.

With such a deception, when evil confuses the traces, the question arises before us: how to distinguish between good and evil, by what reliable signs, criteria (i.e., standards) can one distinguish moral behavior from immoral?

Morality has such a measure, and you know it: this is the main principle of morality - humanism. No man can be judged by his own words alone. You have to judge by deeds. We need to find out what he's doing. And evaluate them from the point of view of humanism.

So, the presence or absence of humanism in real deeds and actions (and not words) is the main criterion of morality, by which one can distinguish between good and evil, moral and immoral behavior.

III. Summary of the lesson.
TEST YOURSELF

What is morality? Why do people need it?

How do we recognize morality? Why is it called a universal human value?

What actions show love for one's neighbor?

What is the meaning of the term "good"?

What does the term "evil" mean? Why is it called many-sided and insidious?

HOUSES

The wise man was asked: "What is the best life?" He replied: "When we do not do what we condemn in others."
Explain this statement in terms of morality. What moral rule is contained in this statement?

A wise man once said: “If I am not for myself, then who is for me? But if I'm only for myself, then why me?
Explain the meaning of this moral position. Express your point of view in relation to the position of this person.

3. Academician D.S. Likhachev said that it is very easy, interesting to talk and write about kind people. Because good people are very different and interesting. And the bad ones are all the same and uninteresting.
What do you think about this? What does your personal experience tell you? Explain with specific examples.

Answer "yes" or "no" to each item of the test.
Will you be able to: 1) donate your time to help someone who needs help; 2) honestly confess and apologize if you have done a bad deed; 3) forgive your offender; 4) break away from the TV if you need to do business; 5) to protect the unjustly offended or weaker; 6) keep his word, if he promised; 7) to fulfill the order, even if faced with difficulties?
(If you answer “yes” three times, you are a decent person, if five, you are a very decent person, and if seven, you are an angel!)

The wise say

“Good is that which serves to preserve and develop life, evil is that which destroys life or hinders it.” A. Schweitzer (1875-1965), German-French philosopher, physician
Evaluation of student responses.

MAN - CREATOR AND BEARER OF CULTURE Compiled by art teacher Trushina S.Yu.

Great figures of Russian culture

Great figures of Russian culture

Great figures of Russian culture

Great figures of Russian culture

Great figures of Russian culture

Great figures of Russian culture

Great figures of Russian culture

Outstanding figures of Russian culture

Andrey Rublev

The person is the creator and bearer of culture Explain if there is a connection between the photographs located on the left and on the right.

The person is the creator and bearer of culture Explain if there is a connection between the photographs located on the left and on the right.

Man is the creator and bearer of culture Let's discuss it together. scientist When the outstanding English Isaac Newton was congratulated on a great scientific discovery, he modestly remarked: "I am like a dwarf who stood on the shoulders of the predecessor giants only because a little further than them." Let's evaluate Newton's words. What condition, in his opinion, determines the success of human creativity? look and be able

Man is the creator and bearer of culture Let's compare our judgments. material Outside of culture, human life is impossible. In relation to culture, a person acts in two qualities. On the one hand, he creates culture: he creates values, makes discoveries, establishes traditions and customs. On the other hand, he assimilates the culture created earlier: he uses various material values, joins the traditions and norms of behavior accepted in society. Man is both a creator and a bearer of culture. customs, scientific side, he

Man is the creator and bearer of culture Let's compare our judgments. From early childhood, we begin to learn the culture of our people - we listen to fairy tales, songs, play with pyramids and nesting dolls, and participate in folk holidays. As adults, we can enrich the culture of society with our work - write books, compose music, erect monuments, scientific discoveries. So gradually the culture of society and more diverse. Each person's contribution to the development of culture is different. It depends on his talent, abilities, perseverance. becomes richer

Is morality a part of society's culture? Check your opinions with the text. holidays, For thousands of years, the rules for the life of people in society have been created. They were passed down from generation to generation in the process of everyday life - work, communication. Gradually, ideas were formed about what a person should be like, what moral qualities in a team, build relationships with people, and what qualities one inflicts on oneself and the people around him. So over time, the science of ETHICS appeared, which helps to understand what morality is and how it is achieved. right help him live harm him

Is morality a part of society's culture? How to train yourself to do only good deeds? How not to do evil? Ethics answers these questions. Often we can hear the expression "secular ethics". It refers to worldly (not ecclesiastical) rules of morality. The laws of ethics, morality, were replenished from various sources: traditions, customs, religion. Everyday ethical ideas were reflected in folklore - proverbs and sayings, fairy tales, and religion gave mankind sacred books, they teach love, kindness, mercy, patience, compassion. The laws of ethics do not depend on a person's belonging to religion or nationality. epics.

Is morality a part of society's culture? always The laws of ethics do not depend on a person's affiliation to religion or nationality. A moral person, whether he is a believer or an unbeliever (atheist), is honest, just, merciful. A moral person is conscientious. Conscience is an inner voice that warns a person about the immorality of certain actions, awakens a sense of shame for bad behavior. -

Analyze proverbs and sayings. What moral rules do they contain? Work in groups of the former  Not the friend who walks on a holiday, but the one who helps in trouble. (Ossetian proverb)  A friend looks in the face, and the enemy looks in the back. (Tatar proverb) Do not rummage at the bottom of the bag - do not remember insults. (Tatar proverb)  The wound from the tongue does not heal. (Tatar proverb)  Hide the mistakes of others, but look at your own. (Tatar proverb) The rich man will not be satisfied, and the hero will not (Buryat proverb) back down.

Analyze proverbs and sayings. What moral rules do they contain? people under no good  In a deep place there is no ford, in the slander of the word. (Buryat proverb)  The reserve left in the tundra is both for us and for you. (Nenets proverb) Friendly one mutton skin is placed. (Buryat proverb)  Suffer for the people, fight for the people. (Buryat proverb)  It is better to remain silent than to tell lies.  Whoever lies will steal.  Nothing is better than a human being. (Dagestan proverbs)

Grand Duchess Elizaveta Fedorovna Romanova Once upon a time there was a man in the world, the princess of Romanov's brother, The history of Russia knows many examples of remarkable women who were distinguished by noble qualities. One of them was Elizabeth the Great Feodorovna, the wife of the native Russian Emperor Alexander III. One of her main qualities was love for her neighbor. During the revolution of 1905-1907. her husband was tragically killed by a bomb thrown by the terrorist Ivan Kalyaev. from

Grand Duchess Elizaveta Feodorovna Romanova There was a man in the world On the day of the funeral, Elizaveta Feodorovna asked to be allowed into the cell where Ivan Kalyaev was kept. The Grand Duchess went to this meeting, not having hatred for the murderer, but experiencing only a feeling of sadness. Heart filled with pity and even compassion for this, Elizaveta Feodorovna went to the cell in order to convey forgiveness to him on behalf of her husband. Leaving, she left him the Gospel and an icon. immeasurable man. she was

Grand Duchess Elizaveta Fyodorovna Romanova Once upon a time a man of events sold A few years after the tragic events, the Grand Duchess bought her estate in Moscow with the proceeds. The estate housed the Marfo-Mariinsky Convent, which had a hospital, a free canteen, and a shelter for children. Having settled in the monastery, Elizaveta Fedorovna led an ascetic life: she cared for the sick, went around the poorest quarters, rescuing the homeless from there. behind open pharmacy,

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Culture and morals Rak Galina Vladimirovna primary school teacher MBOU secondary school No. 151, Novosibirsk

2 slide

You will learn: What does the word "culture" mean. Why culture is called second nature. How did morality originate?

3 slide

The concept of culture appeared in ancient Greece and, translated from Latin, meant "cultivation of the land." It was assumed that caring for the field is not just cultivating the land, but also caring for it.

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The word "culture" entered the Russian language in the middle of the 19th century. It was used in two meanings: 1) arable farming, agriculture; 2) education.

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Culture is sometimes called second nature. Unlike natural nature, which can exist without man, culture is created by the labor of many people who continue to support, develop, and enrich it.

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In addition, unlike nature, culture does not exist in the singular. Each nation at different times created and is now creating its own culture.

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These cultures exist together, enriching each other. Therefore, it is very important to study the culture of not only your country, your people, but also other countries and peoples.

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Culture of different peoples Culture includes objects of human labor (material culture), as well as ideas, ideas, values ​​and ideals, traditions and customs, norms and rules (spiritual culture).

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A Variety of Spiritual Culture There are many different types of spiritual culture. For example, political culture is the ideals and life values ​​of people in the state, legal culture is the laws by which people live in society and which are binding on everyone without exception. A special kind of spiritual culture - morality - a system of norms and values ​​that regulate people's behavior.

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Morality arose when people realized that some actions help to live, while others interfere. For example, if you help each other, then life becomes easier. And if you are lazy, quarrel, cheat, then people's lives become worse.

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Gradually ideas about good and bad, about good and evil began to take shape. As a result, there was a need to support (encourage) good (good) deeds and prohibit bad (evil) deeds.

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In addition, it became necessary to pass on knowledge of good and evil to the next generations. This knowledge gradually turned into norms of behavior.

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Moral norms are associated with clear-cut requirements: Respect parents Keep promises Help those in need Don't steal Don't kill Don't cheat, etc.

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And always, at all times, condemned: Cowardice Betrayal Greed Cruelty Slander Hypocrisy

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What does the word "culture" mean? The concept of "culture" appeared in ancient Greece and, translated from Latin, meant "cultivation of the land." It was assumed that caring for the field is not just cultivating the land, but also caring for it. The word "culture" entered the Russian language in the middle of the 19th century. It was used in two meanings: 1) arable farming, agriculture; 2) education.

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Why is culture called second nature? Culture is sometimes called second nature. Unlike natural nature, which can exist without man, culture is created by the labor of many people who continue to support, develop, and enrich it. In addition, unlike nature, culture does not exist in the singular. Each nation at different times created and is now creating its own culture.

Questions and tasks: Give examples of material and spiritual culture. Explain why morality arose. Together with your parents, make a set (list) of moral norms (rules) adopted in your family.

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Materials used: Textbook for educational institutions "Fundamentals of Secular Ethics" Grades 4-5 Moscow "Enlightenment" 2010 http://images.yandex.ru/yandsearch?ed=1&text=%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%85 %D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9%20%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80&stype=simage&img_url=img1.liveinternet.ru/images/attach/b/3 /11/612/11612943_1470229665.jpg&p=880 http://images.yandex.ru/yandsearch?text=good%20and%20evil%20pictures&stype=simage&img_url=www.gigart.ru/uploads/posts/2009-04/1241104634_124 images .yandex.ru/yandsearch?text=mood%20in%20pictures&stype=simage&img_url=i89.beon.ru/50/31/83150/16/2752316/tryt6ryt.jpeg&p=19 http://images.yandex.ru/yandsearch? text=%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F&stype=image http://images.yandex.ru/ yandsearch?rpt=simage&text=%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%20%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1 %86%20%D0%BD%D0%B0%20%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B5%20%D0 %B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3&img_url=www.hunter.cuny.edu/classics/russian/rus sianlinks/vasnetsov-warrior-compressed.jpg&p=8

TASKS OF MENTAL EDUCATION development of the intellectual culture of the individual and cognitive motives of activity; formation of skills of mental activity of students; improvement of students' skills of rational organization of educational work; formation of scientific outlook.

WORLD VIEW - a specific form of human consciousness, which includes a generalized system of his knowledge, views, beliefs and ideals, which express his attitude to nature and society and which determine his social and moral and aesthetic positions and behavior in various life spheres.

Knowledge is a system of scientific truths related to the comprehension and understanding of the essence of natural and social phenomena. Views are judgments, the subjective conclusion of a person, associated with the explanation of natural and social phenomena and expressing his attitude to these phenomena. Beliefs are a set of deeply meaningful and emotionally experienced ideas that determine the firmness of a person's life positions, the nature of his activity and behavior. The ideal (Greek - idea, concept, representation) is the comprehension and emotional acceptance of the highest perfection in various life spheres; what becomes the goal of the individual's activity, his life aspiration.

D IDACTIC CONDITIONS FOR THE FORMATION OF A SCIENTIFIC WORLD VIEW: ensuring deep scientific evidence, logical persuasiveness and consistency of all assimilated conclusions of a world outlook nature; observance of the principle of historicism in the study of program material (disclosure of the genesis and complex ways of development of truth in science, awareness of the patterns of evolution of natural phenomena and socio-economic changes); development of cognitive activity and independence of students in the process of classroom and extracurricular activities; taking into account the age and individual characteristics of students in the course of the educational process; the influence of the teacher's personality (the authority of the teacher, the demonstration by him of his own worldview positions).

Moral consciousness - knowledge of moral principles and norms, understanding the compliance of one's moral position with the norms accepted in society. Moral values ​​- the significance of the objects of the surrounding world for a person, a group of people, society as a whole; assessment of this significance, based on moral principles, norms, ideals, attitudes, goals Moral feelings - a person's subjective perception of moral norms, principles, ideals, manifested in his attitude to himself, to people around him, to nature, to current events, to the whole environment reality. Moral behavior is the conscious adherence of a person in his own actions and deeds to moral principles and norms.

TO THE RITERIA OF MORAL EDUCATION the depth of comprehension of the rules of morality; the degree of development and formation of moral abilities, skills and habits of moral behavior; the nature of moral orientation in difficult moral situations; degree of integrity; measures of moral exactingness to oneself, to people; the nature of behavior alone with oneself and in a team; the presence of humanistic traits of character and behavior; the degree of respectful and benevolent attitude towards people; level of development of self-esteem; level of development of conscience, honor, shame.

Aesthetic consciousness is a conscious aesthetic attitude, expressed as a set of ideas, theories, and views. The aesthetic ideal is the central link of aesthetic consciousness, a socially conditioned idea of ​​beauty. Aesthetic judgment is an ideological and emotional assessment of an aesthetic phenomenon.

FUNCTIONS OF AESTHETIC EDUCATION Revealing the world of real-life beauty. The educational function of art. Artistic and aesthetic education. Development function (ability for artistic creativity). Organizational and pedagogical function (takes free time). A means of self-expression. Catharsis.

OBJECTIVES OF AESTHETIC EDUCATION: formation of aesthetic knowledge; education of aesthetic culture; mastering the aesthetic and cultural heritage; formation of aesthetic relations; development of aesthetic feelings; formation of aesthetic needs; the formation of an aesthetic ideal the formation of the desire to be beautiful in everything: thoughts, deeds, deeds, appearance.

P RAVO is a set of norms and rules of human behavior, expressed in laws, regulations of state authorities, and regulating relations (interpersonal, industrial, etc.) between citizens in a given society. OBJECTIVES OF LEGAL EDUCATION: To achieve the assimilation by students of the system of knowledge on issues of state and law. To cultivate a respectful attitude of schoolchildren to the laws of their state, to convince them of the need to comply with them. To instill in students the skills of lawful behavior, the need to actively protect, in the prescribed manner, the interests and rights, both personal and state and public. To develop in pupils an active civic position, intolerance towards violators of law and order.