Presentation about the Chechen people. Traditions and customs of the Chechen people Women in the house

This word cannot be translated. But it can be explained. "Nokhcho" means Chechen. The concept of “nokhchalla” is all the features of the Chechen character in one word. “Nokhchalla” - Chechen character Plan 1. Slide 3. 2. Slide 4. 3. Slide 5. 4. Slide 6. 5. Slide 7. 6. Slide 8. 7. Slide 9. “Nokhchalla” is not a set of recommendations. This is what a Chechen follows voluntarily and consciously. This concept contains the formula of what a real Chechen should be. This includes the entire spectrum of moral, moral and ethical standards of life for a Chechen.

The national clothing of the Chechens reflects both the way of life of the nation and aesthetic principles. Chechen national clothing The main details of a men's costume were a beshmet and trousers. The beshmet, a type of semi-caftan, tightly fitted the figure, fastening to the waist with buttons, knots and loops made from lace. The festive men's costume included a Circassian coat, which was worn over a beshmet and made from the best types of cloth. The cut of the Circassian coat coincided with the beshmet, but it was fastened only at the waist and did not have a collar. Typical Chechen clothing is the burka. This is a cape with narrow shoulders, widening downwards like a bell. Plan 1.Slide 3. 2.Slide 4. 3.Slide 5. 4.Slide 6. 5.Slide 7. 6.Slide 8. 7.Slide 9.

Women's clothing usually emphasized age and social differences. All Chechen women wore a tunic-type shirt with a slit on the chest and a small stand-up collar fastened with a button. Ceremonial dresses were made of velvet or heavy silk. Under the dress over the shirt they wore a short, tight-fitting caftan with narrow sleeves. It was buttoned in front to the waist, and sometimes had a stand-up collar. The most beautiful and valuable were silver belts. They, along with chest clasps, were passed down from generation to generation. The headdress of a Chechen woman is a scarf. The girls folded it at an angle, held the ends under the chin and pinned it at the back. A married Chechen woman wore a “chukht” on her head - a bag into which her braids were placed. When leaving the house and in front of strangers, the “chukht” covering the braid was covered with a scarf. Plan 1.Slide 3. 2.Slide 4. 3.Slide 5. 4.Slide 6. 5.Slide 7. 6.Slide 8. 7.Slide 9.

A hat is a symbol of honor. A Chechen's hat is a symbol of honor and dignity and is part of his costume. “If the head is intact, it should be wearing a hat”; “If you have no one to consult with, consult with your hat” - these and similar proverbs and sayings emphasize the importance and obligation of a hat for a man. With the exception of the bashlyk, hats were not removed indoors. Since ancient times, the Chechens have had a cult of headdress - both female and male. Plan 1.Slide 3. 2.Slide 4. 3.Slide 5. 4.Slide 6. 5.Slide 7. 6.Slide 8. 7.Slide 9.

A Chechen greeting is in direct connection with hospitality. When greeting, they open their arms, that is, they open their hearts, thus expressing purity of thoughts and sincerity in their attitude towards a person. Hospitality is especially evident in rural life. To receive guests, each house has a “guest room”; it is always ready - clean, with fresh linen. No one uses it, even children are prohibited from playing or studying in this room. The owner must always be ready to feed the guest, so at any time in the Chechen family food was specially set aside for this occasion. Hospitality of the Chechen people Plan 1.Slide 3. 2.Slide 4. 3.Slide 5. 4.Slide 6. 5.Slide 7. 6.Slide 8. 7.Slide 9.

The Chechen word “wedding” means “game”. The wedding ceremony itself is a series of performances that include singing, dancing, music, and pantomime. Music sounds when fellow villagers, relatives, and friends go for the bride and bring her to the groom’s house. There are other performances that take place at this stage of the wedding. For example, the bride's relatives delay the wedding train by blocking the path with a cloak or a rope stretched across the street - you need to pay a ransom to get through. Wedding ceremony Plan 1.Slide 3. 2.Slide 4. 3.Slide 5. 4.Slide 6. 5.Slide 7. 6.Slide 8. 7.Slide 9.

Chechens, like other highlanders, are very moderate in food and drink. Chureki or corn bread spread with mutton fat, as well as wheat stew with the same fat - this is their usual food; water is a refreshing drink. Such observations about the food of the Chechens were left to us by the 19th century. Meanwhile, since the end of the 19th century, many European garden crops - tomatoes, cabbage, radishes - were already grown in the mountain gardens of Chechnya. From century to century: Chechens produced all food products, with the exception of spices and sweets, on their farms. And although the women of Chechnya have now mastered many dishes from the cuisine of various nations, they carefully preserve the unique originality of traditional cuisine. Chechen cuisine Plan 1.Slide 3. 2.Slide 4. 3.Slide 5. 4.Slide 6. 5.Slide 7. 6.Slide 8. 7.Slide 9.

Chechen people: culture, traditions and customs The oldest people in the world, the inhabitants of the Caucasus, are considered
Chechens. According to archaeologists, at the dawn of human
civilization, the Caucasus was the center in which
human culture.
Those whom we used to call Chechens appeared in the 18th century.
century in the North Caucasus due to the separation of several ancient
childbirth They passed through the Argun Gorge along the Main Ridge
Caucasus and settled on the mountainous part of the modern
republics.
The Chechen people have centuries-old traditions, national
language, ancient and original culture. The history of this
people can serve as an example of building relationships and
cooperation with different nationalities and their neighbors.

Culture and life of the Chechen people

Since the 3rd century, the Caucasus has been a place where the paths of civilizations crossed
farmers and nomads, cultures of different
ancient civilizations of Europe, Asia and the Mediterranean. This
reflected in mythology, oral folk art and
culture.
Unfortunately, the recording of the Chechen folk epic has begun
quite late. This is due to armed conflicts
that shook this country. As a result, huge layers
folk art - pagan mythology, Nart epic were irretrievably lost. The creative energy of the people
consumed by the war.

The policy pursued has made a sad contribution
leader of the Caucasian highlanders - imam
Shamil. He saw in a democratic, popular
culture is a threat to his rule. During his more than 25 years in power in Chechnya there were
prohibited: folk music and dances, art,
mythology, observance of national rituals,
traditions. Only religious ones were allowed
chants. All this had a negative impact on
creativity and culture of the people. But Chechen
originality cannot be killed.

Traditions and customs of the Chechen people

Part of the daily life of Chechens
is the observance of traditions that
passed down by previous generations. They
have evolved over centuries. Some are recorded in
code, but there are also unwritten rules,
which nevertheless remain important
for everyone with Chechen blood flowing in them.

Hospitality Rules

The roots of this good tradition go back centuries.
Most families lived in difficult, difficult to navigate places. They
always provided the traveler with shelter and food. A person needs
familiar or not, he received it without further questioning. This
started in all families. Hospitality theme runs red
line throughout the folk epic.
A custom associated with a guest. If he liked the thing
who hosts his home, then this thing should be given to him.
And also about hospitality. When guests are present, the owner takes a closer position
to the door, saying that the important thing here is the guest.
The owner sits at the table until the last guest. Be the first to interrupt the reception
food is indecent.
If a neighbor or relative, even a distant one, comes in, then serve
they will be young men and younger family members. Women shouldn't
show up to guests.

Man and woman

Many may have the opinion that in Chechnya the
women's rights. But this is not so - a mother who raised a worthy
son, has an equal voice in decision making.
When a woman enters a room, the men who are
there, they get up.
Special ceremonies and decorums must be performed to
arriving guest.
When a man and a woman walk together, the woman should
one step behind. A man must be the first to accept danger.
The wife of a young husband first feeds his parents, and only then
husband
If there is a relationship between a guy and a girl, even
very distant, the connection between them is not approved, but also rude
This is not a violation of tradition.

Family

If a son reaches for a cigarette and the father finds out about it, he should
through the mother, make a suggestion about the harm and inadmissibility of this, and
He himself must immediately give up this habit.
When there is a quarrel or fight between children, parents should first
scold your child, and only then figure out who is right and who
guilty.
It is a grave insult to a man if someone touches him
hat. This is tantamount to receiving a slap in the face in public.
The younger one should always let the older one pass, let him pass
first. At the same time, he must politely and respectfully
say hello.
It is extremely tactless to interrupt an elder or start something without him.
requests or permission to talk.

Chechens have been famous for their customs since ancient times. Adats (“custom” - Arabic) of the Chechens are an integral part of their daily life. Every Chechen family honors and observes the traditions passed on by the older generation.

There are quite a lot of them, we will only tell you about a few.

One of the main traditions of Chechen society is the preservation of family etiquette and honorable respect for guests. (picture 1)

As in ancient times, in modern families, guests are still always offered special guest food - boiled meat with dumplings - zhizhig galnysh. (Figure 2) And in In poor families, the owners always keep flatbreads with butter and cheese for a guest who may suddenly come to their house. It is noteworthy that the Chechen people are characterized by hospitality to any kind person, regardless of their national, religious and ideological affiliation. Many sayings, legends, and parables are dedicated to the sacred duty of hospitality among the Chechens. Chechens say: “Where a guest does not come, grace does not come”, “A guest in the house is a joy”... One of the basic rules of Chechen hospitality is the protection of the life, honor and property of the guest, even if this involves a risk to life. The guest should not offer a fee for the reception, but he may give gifts to the children.

The Chechen people have a special attitude towards women. A woman who is a mother among Chechens has a special social status. Since ancient times, she has been the mistress of fire and the keeper of the hearth. And in this capacity she is endowed with very special rights. No one except a woman can stop a fight between men based on blood feud. If a woman appears where blood is flowing and weapons are clanging, the mortal battle may end. A woman can stop the bloodshed by removing the scarf from her head and throwing it between the combatants. According to Western tradition, the man will let the woman pass first as a sign of respect. According to Chechen, a man, respecting and protecting a woman, always walks ahead of her. This custom has ancient roots. In the old days, on a narrow mountain path there could be very dangerous encounters: with an animal, a robber, with a blood enemy... So the man walked ahead of his companion, ready at any moment to protect her, his wife and the mother of his children.
A respectful attitude towards a woman is evidenced by the custom of greeting her only while standing. If an elderly woman passes, it is the duty of any person, regardless of age, to stand up and say hello first. The greatest shame was considered to be disrespect for the mother and her relatives.

If any girl turns to a boy or man with the words “become my brother,” they must solve any of her problems, even at the risk of their lives.

A boy and a girl can only meet in public, in public places.

The found item or money must be given to the village mullah in front of witnesses so that he can find the one who lost it.

If children quarrel or start a fight, then parents should first of all scold their children, without distinguishing which of them is right or wrong.

Interrupting the speaker is a sign of disrespect for him. In extreme cases, when circumstances require it, you need to tell the speaker: “Don’t forget your word.” Etc.

Thus, despite the difficult history, the Chechen people managed to preserve their traditions and culture. Of course, the passage of time has made its own adjustments, but the customs of family education, hospitality, and respect for women still dominate among the Chechens.

Chechens also have their own traditions in clothing.

The history and culture of each nation is original and unique, and the national costume is an inseparable part of them. The living conditions of the people, geographical and climatic features, beliefs, socio-economic status influence how the costume will look and what materials it will be made from. Since ancient times, Chechens have been engaged in sheep breeding, and wool, fur, and animal skins were used to make clothes and shoes. Homespun cloth and felt were widely used.

The details of the costume not only have a decorative function, but are also a historical reflection of the life of the Chechens. Soft leather boots were comfortable for shepherds and warriors to walk through the mountains. Daggers and weapons were attached to the belt. A hat, which is sewn from sheepskin, is required in the Chechen national costume. She is a symbol of masculinity, and touching a hat means insulting a man. At the same time, it perfectly protects against cold or overheating in the bright sun.

The basis of a men's suit is a beshmet and trousers, tapering towards the bottom. The pants are tucked inside the boots. Beshmet is a special cut half-caftan, the length of which is approximately 10 centimeters above the knee. On holidays, a Circassian coat is worn over this half-caftan. It does not have a collar, and it is fastened only at the belt.

Its distinctive feature is the presence of so-called gas holders on both sides of the chest - small pockets for weapon charges. Although with the advent of new types of weapons the need for gazyrnitsa disappeared, they remained on the Circassian coat as a decorative element.

The components of a woman's outfit are a tunic dress, an outer dress, a belt and a scarf. The length of the tunic dress reaches the ankles. Under this dress, women wear wide trousers, the legs of which are gathered at the ankles. A distinctive feature of the women's dress is bibs and very long sleeves that cover the fingers. In festive dresses, the length of the sleeves could reach the floor. Precious metals and stones were used in the manufacture of bibs. The outer dress is like a robe or cape. It only has a clasp at the waist to keep the bibs visible.

• Slide 1

  • Chechens are a North Caucasian people living in the North Caucasus, the main population of Chechnya. Historically, they also live in the Khasavyurt, Novolak, Kazbekovsky, Babayurt, Kizilyurt, Kizlyar districts of Dagestan, the Sunzhensky and Malgobek Districts of Ingushetia, and the Akhmeta region of Georgia.

• Slide 2

  • At the moment, the absolute majority of Chechens live on the territory of the Russian Federation, namely in the Chechen Republic.
  • The document on the basis of which mountainous Chechnya became part of Russia was signed on January 21, 1781 and confirmed in the fall of the same year.

• Slide 3

  • According to the TSB, in 1920, 0.8% of Chechens were literate, and by 1940, literacy among Chechens was 85%.
  • In February 1944, the entire Chechen population (about half a million) was deported from their places of permanent residence to Central Asia.
  • On January 9, 1957, the Chechens were allowed to return to their previous place of residence. A certain number of Chechens remained in Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan.

• Slide 4

  • After the First and Second Chechen Wars, a significant number of Chechens left for Western European countries, Turkey and Arab countries.
  • The Chechen diaspora in the regions of the Russian Federation has also increased significantly.

• Slide 5

  • The Chechen language belongs to the Nakh branch of the Nakh-Dagestan languages, included in the hypothetical Sino-Caucasian macrofamily.
  • Distributed mainly in the Chechen Republic, in other regions of the Russian Federation, in Georgia, and partially in Syria, Jordan and Turkey.
  • Number of speakers before the war 1994-2001 - approx. 1 million people.

• Slide 6

  • Most Chechens belong to the Shafi'i madhhab of Sunni Islam.
  • Religion - Islam.
  • Sufi Islam among the Chechens is represented by two tariqats: the Naqshbandiyya and the Qadiriyya, which in turn are divided into small religious groups - vird brotherhoods, the total number of which among the Chechens reaches thirty-two.

• Slide 7

  • A constitutional order was established in Chechnya, and Akhmat Kadyrov came to power, who was later replaced by AluAlkhanov, and then Ramzan Kadyrov.
  • Chechen society is very conservative.
  • It is divided into tukhums, teips and gars (families).

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On the southern outskirts of Russia, in the mountains of the northern Caucasus, the Chechen Republic is located with all its natural splendor. Chechnya is rivers and lakes, mountains, valleys and ancient cities, with their historical cultural monuments, ancient settlements located above the clouds. The Chechen people, who survived years of hardship, devastation and war, did not lose heart, while preserving their historical heritage, customs and traditions passed on from generation to generation.

Family as the basis of Chechen traditions

The people of Chechnya assign a huge role to family and family rituals, which are revered everywhere. So, what are Chechen traditions?

Father

The father was always considered the head of the family. The female half was in charge of the household chores. It was considered insulting and humiliating for a husband if he interfered in women's affairs or tried to help.

Women in the house

When a daughter-in-law appeared in the house, the main responsibilities for running the household fell on her. The girl got up earlier than everyone else, did the cleaning and went to bed later than everyone else. If any of the women did not want to follow the traditions established in the family, she was subject to severe punishment, including expulsion. The daughters-in-law were raised by “nana” - mother. New wives did not have the right to freely talk with their mother-in-law, to appear in front of her in an unkempt manner or with their heads uncovered. “Nana” could shift part of her responsibilities only to her eldest daughter-in-law. In addition to household chores, the mother-in-law had the responsibility to observe all family rituals and traditions, and the eldest woman was rightfully called the keeper of the hearth.

In the Chechen family there is a special cult of fire and hearth; it came from ancient times, when a large family was called “people of the same fire.” The Chechens have preserved the tradition of oaths and curses by fire.

The ban, or the so-called custom of “avoidance”, atypical for Slavic peoples, is a taboo on communication or display of feelings in public. This rule of behavior applies to all family members: husband, wife, son-in-law, daughter-in-law and numerous relatives.

Wedding and children

Many rituals are associated with the wedding and the period before it. The groom could not see his bride before the wedding, and even after that the young man visited his beloved secretly for some time. When there was a quarrel between children, the first action of the father and mother was to punish both, without understanding their guilt.

Advice

Remember, honor for a Chechen woman is the main treasure. You should not try to talk to her on the street or show signs of attention, as this will be regarded by the girl’s relatives as an insult.

Warlike people

Chechens have long been known for their warlike character and a large number of rituals and ceremonies are associated with war and weapons. It was considered shameful and cowardly to draw a sword from its scabbard against one’s offender and not use it, so the blade was drawn only when necessary. When a man reached the age of 63, he reached the “age of untying his belt,” and he could freely go out unarmed. The Chechen custom of blood feud, in which brothers and friends take part, is still acceptable. When a girl is kidnapped, even minors are allowed to use weapons to protect their honor and dignity.

Chechen customs and traditions