Presentation on literature on the topic "Russian folklore" (5th grade). Presentation "Folklore - collective oral folk art. Small genres of folklore" How a blind man talks about colors

Notes on literature grade 5, using ICT.

Lesson #2

Lesson topic. Russian folklore. Lullabies, nurseries, nursery rhymes.

Lesson Objectives:

Educational:

- introduce students to the concept of “folklore” and its genres;

- give a figurative idea of ​​the origins of the lullaby;

- developing students’ knowledge about small genres of children’s folklore - lullabies, pestushki, nursery rhymes; enrichment of students' vocabulary.

Educational:

- instill the skill of reading unique genres of folklore; teach to perceive them with the soul;

- cultivate a sense of the rhythm of folk songs and nursery rhymes;

- practice expressive reading skills;

- development of research and communication culture among schoolchildren.

Educational:

- introduce to the traditions of folk culture;

- teach to see the beauty and diversity of words;

- fostering interest in the folklore traditions of the Russian people.

Lesson type : a lesson in the formation (mastery) and improvement of skills and abilities.

Lesson form : multimedia lesson with research elements.

Methods and techniques:

1. Methods: verbal, explanatory-illustrative, problematic, heuristic.

2. Techniques: conversation on questions, teacher’s story, vocabulary work, creative independent work,

expressive reading of a textbook article, reading assessment using a given table, analytical work with the text of an article using textbooks, compiling a table.

Equipment and TSO: computer, multimedia projector, media presentation for the lesson (POWER POINT environment), textbook

cards, an exhibition of readers' diaries, sound recordings of lullabies, a fragment from the film “Umka is looking for a friend.”

Literary theory : folklore, folk song.

Epigraph for the lesson . “The true history of ... a people cannot be known without knowing oral folk art» M. Gorky

Lesson steps

During the classes

Note

1. Organizational

II. Homework survey

2. Conversation on the literature read over the summer, getting to know readers’ diaries.

Slide No. 2

III. Updating basic knowledge and correcting it

(introductory tasks)

Guessing game(cards are attached to the board) .

Guess what genre of works the following texts belong to:

1. On the golden porch sat the king, prince, king, prince, shoemaker, tailor. Who will you be? (The teacher opens a card on the board: counting rhymes)

2. You can’t even pull a fish out of a pond without difficulty (The teacher opens a card on the board: proverbs).

3. The morning lightning walked around the world and shed a tear; I saw the month, the sun disappeared (Dew). (The teacher opens a card on the board: riddles).

4. Once upon a time there lived an old man and an old woman, they had a daughter Alyonushka and a son Ivanushka. (“Sister Alyonushka and brother Ivanushka”). ( The teacher opens a card on the board: fairy tales).

5. From the clatter of hooves, dust flies across the field. (The teacher opens a card on the board: tongue twisters).

Conversation.

Teacher's word. You were able to correctly identify the types of works. But for some reason the author is not named anywhere, although you and I always treat authors with respect. Why wasn't the author named? Forgot?

– Of course, all these works have an author, but we do not know his name. They were composed by the people.

– This means that all these works are called works of oral folk art. Before us is folk art. Art of the Russian people. Once upon a time one person wrote it, passed it on to another, another to a third, but no one remembers the author.

– So why is it called oral? I read what I wrote to you.

– Indeed, this can now be written down. And before, when there was no written language, illiterate peasants in Rus' passed them on by word of mouth. Each one, while telling the other, forgot something and inserted his own words. This is the creativity of the Russian people. Although other nations also have their own creativity.

Maybe you remember what another name is for oral folk art?

– Yes, that's right. Folklore comes from the English words “people” and “teaching”, i.e. folk wisdom.

Entry in the "Dictionary..." meaning of the term folklore.

♦ What does the interpretation of this term mean?

Slide No. 3

Slide number 5

Slide No. 6

IV. Setting lesson goals and objectives

Working on an epigraph for the lesson.

Slide No. 7

V. Work on the topic of the lesson

V.1.Motivation for learning activities

V.2. Trial tasks

(use of what has been learned under standard conditions)

V .3.Creative tasks

(use of what has been learned in non-standard conditions)

1. Teacher's word

- Russian oral folk art is distinguished by its extraordinary richness and originality of genres, themes, and heroes. Its roots go back to ancient Slavic artistic culture. Folklore has come a long way in development and reflected the work and life, the ideals of the Russian people. Folklore expressed the ardent and sincere love of the Russian people for their Motherland, about which the proverb says: “Great is the Holy Russian land, and everywhere there is sunshine!”

2. Drawing up a comparative table “Folklore and literature”

(The teacher and students make a table based on the conversation questions.)

♦ How does folklore differ from literary works?

♦ How are folklore and literary works created?

♦ Have you seen the name of their author on the covers of the books “Russian Fairy Tales” and “Proverbs and Sayings”? Why?

♦ Does it happen that you tell a fairy tale to a friend, and he corrects you, saying: “I read it, it was a little different.” Why is this happening?

♦ What genres (types) of folklore do you know? (Fairy tales, tales, epics, songs, proverbs, sayings)

Writing in a notebook.

Genres of children's folklore : lullabies, nursery rhymes, nursery rhymes, tongue twisters, chants, games, teasers, riddles, horror stories, nonsensical nonsense, school rhymes, jokes, naughty songs.

Conducting a physical education session

Let's clap our hands,

Let your feet dance

Let your feet dance

On a flat path. (They dance).

Our legs are tired - twice.

This is our house where we live.

Legs crossed - get down

And wait for the command.

And when I say: “Get up!”

Don't help them with your hand. Get up!

Legs together, legs apart,

Legs straight, legs askew.

Legs here and legs there.

What is this noise and what is this commotion?

Well, quickly go home!

4. Continuation of the teacher’s words (conversation)

Each of us begins to understand the world with folklore. Mom lulled us to sleep with a song, grandmother told us a fairy tale. We are growing and learning new genres of oral folk art: riddles teach us to think, we use counting rhymes when we play with friends. The wisdom of the people gave birth to short expressions: proverbs and sayings that convey the basic rules of life. The main source was Russian life, centuries of labor experience, life, from the cradle to the last days of life.

– Do you think we have listed all the genres of oral folk art? After all, we still have one card that hasn’t been revealed yet.

– Want to know what it says?

Oh, lyuli, lyuli, li

Sleep, child, sleep.

You're a cat,

Come, cat, spend the night,

Rock my baby.

Bayu-bayu-bai... (Lullaby).

5. History of the lullaby.

How many lullabies do you think there are in the world?

How did they reach this day?

So, what songs are we going to talk about today?

How did they reach us?

There are not so many lullabies, but they are passed down from generation to generation, it’s just that each mother sings in her own way, changing and adding something. And the lullaby song is born anew. Every nation has lullabies. These songs, as the ancestors believed, protected the sleeping child from the tricks of dark power.

Let's listen to a lullaby.

Why was the song called a lullaby?

On slide number 12: CRADLE (cradle, rocking chair, wobbly).

Find synonyms for this word.

How were you rocked to sleep as a child?

In what tone did your mother sing the song to you?

Yes, it is true that love and affection are conveyed with a lullaby. The child may not hear yet, but he already feels.

How do you think he feels? (affection, love, tenderness of a mother)

A lullaby is sung so that the child grows up pure in soul, gentle and kind.

In songs, performers often address animals, calling on them to protect and protect the child from adversity.

6.Creative work in groups

And now I invite you to a creative workshop. You have two cards. Read the task on these cards and choose only one with the task that you liked best. We are working.

ARRANGE THE LINES IN ORDER TO MAKE A LULLABY SONG.

The cranes have arrived

Oh, lyuli - lyuli - lyuli!

And the gate creaks - creaks

They sat on the gate

With us Vanya sleeps - sleeps.

Don't wake up Vanya with us

The trickles in the river say

The moon is looking through our window

Stars are shining in the sky

Tells small children to sleep.

ARRANGE THE LINES IN ORDER TO MAKE A LULLABY SONG

Don't lie on the edge

And drag you into the woods

Hush, Little Baby, Do not Say a Word

The little gray top will come

Under the broom bush

7.Continuing work on the topic

How long has the lullaby been around?

Now let’s try to travel back several decades. Imagine a simple peasant hut. In the middle of the hut, a cradle hangs on a birch pole, which was called OCHEP. And you need to sing a song to the baby.

(Children sing the lullabies they have prepared.)

We have guys who also worked at home and prepared lullabies for you.

What mood is heard in these songs?

What do mothers dream about when they sing lullabies to their children?

In the old days, lullabies were sung without musical accompaniment, in a “recitative” manner. Let’s take a look at the explanatory dictionary. Let's read it.

RECITATIVE– melodious speech in a vocal musical work.

So, how were lullabies performed?

What tempo will you choose for this song?

What volume? What tone?

What feelings would you like to convey when reading this song?

8. Analysis of the texts of lullabies.

Let's try to do all this while reading the song. And you must choose who did it better. (working with textbook texts).

9.Work on the lesson material.

Teacher's word. Listen to the lyrics and think about who these lines were written for:

The horned goat is coming for the little guys,

Who sucks a pacifier, who doesn’t drink milk,

I'll put him on the horns, I'll gore him!

Okay, okay, where have you been? By Grandma.

What did you eat? Porridge. What did you drink? Mash.

A white-sided magpie was cooking porridge. She fed the children.

She gave to this, she gave to this...But she didn’t give to this.

You didn’t carry water, you didn’t chop wood, you didn’t cook porridge.

You have nothing.

– For whom were the lyrics composed? For what purpose? Maybe to make the child fall asleep? Or maybe console, play? What would you call such poems? Explain your answer.

– Such poems are called nursery rhymes. Why do you think?

– They accompany the child’s games with fingers (“Magpie-white-sided”), arms (“Ladushki”), and legs.

– Nursery rhymes are a genre of oral folk art.

– What children were these songs written for? After all, you are children too! Maybe for you?

– Explain your answer.

– Children learn different things: wash themselves, clap their hands, the smallest ones learn to move their arms and legs.

2.Vocabulary work

– What words did you not understand? Let's all try to figure out the meaning of the words written on the board that you found in the texts of the nursery rhymes:

lichenki (obsolete) – dashing trouble grief evil

more - stronger

steam - warm up

fence - fence

3. Creative work with memorization or reproduction in students’ memory

Folklore. Folk instruments. Folklore. Russian folklore. Folk traditions. Children's folklore. Genre of folklore. Oral folk art and literature. Folklore songs. Genres of oral folk art. Musical folklore. Small genres of folklore. Folklore (5th grade). Folk ornament. Ritual folklore.

Genres of folklore. Folklore (oral folk art). "Oral folk art" "Small genres of oral folk art." Calendar-ritual folklore. Project "Russian folklore". Kuban folklore. Small genres of children's folklore. Folklore of Karelia. Compiling an oral story based on a picture.

Culture and art of oral speech. Folklore carousel. Traditions of Russian folk games. Folklore and modernity. FOLKLORE Calendar-ritual songs. Small genres of folklore 5th grade. Development of speech in young children using small folklore. Russian folklore in children's games. Topic: Small genres of oral folk art.

Dramatic genres of folklore. “Folklore as a means of introducing children to Russian folk culture. The image of Pugachev in folklore, the works of Pushkin and Yesenin. The image of Pugachev in folklore, the works of A.S. Pushkin and S.A. Yesenina. Experts in children's folklore. The image of a horse in Russian folklore. Playful and amusing family folklore.

The image of Baba Yaga in Russian folklore. Folklore of the Uligers. Project "City of Folk Craftsmen". Folklore minutes. A poetic monument to a people's feat. Ivan the Fool is a character from Russian folklore. Extracurricular reading lesson 2nd grade Small folklore genres. Introducing children to the origins of Russian folk culture through small folklore forms.

Slide 1

Written sources testify to the richness and diversity of the folklore of Ancient Rus'. History teacher, Municipal Educational Institution "Secondary School" Vyazovka, Bazarno-Karabulak district, Saratov region” Perova Tatyana Anatolyevna

Slide 2

Main place in folklore

A significant place in it was occupied by calendar ritual poetry: incantations, spells, songs that were an integral part of the agrarian cult. Ritual folklore also included pre-wedding songs, funeral laments, songs at feasts and funeral feasts. Mythological tales reflecting the pagan ideas of the ancient Slavs were also widespread. For many years, the church, trying to eradicate the remnants of paganism, waged a stubborn struggle against “filthy” customs, “demonic games” and “blasphemous things”. Nevertheless, these types of folklore survived in folk life until the 19th-20th centuries, having lost their initial religious meaning over time.

Slide 3

There were also forms of folklore not associated with pagan cults, such as proverbs, sayings, riddles, fairy tales, and work songs. Authors of literary works widely used them in their work.

“The sun works during the day, but takes rest at night!” “Whoever God soaks, he will dry” “He lived in the forest, prayed to the stumps” “What the wolf had in his teeth, Yegory gave” “He sat on the stove, prayed to the bricks” “You can’t get around the betrothed-mummer and you can’t go around on a horse” “Be afraid don’t be afraid, but fate cannot be avoided” “Where there is no share, there is not much happiness” “Don’t be born good or comely, be born happy” “You can’t escape from hardship.”

Slide 4

Written monuments have brought to us numerous traditions and legends about the ancestors of tribes and princely dynasties, about the founders of cities, about the fight against foreigners. Folk tales about the events of the 2nd-6th centuries are reflected in “The Tale of Igor’s Campaign.”

Slide 5

However, epics rarely retained the accuracy of factual details. But the virtue of epics was not in the exact adherence to historical facts. Their main value is that these works were created by the people and reflect their views, assessment of the essence of historical events and understanding of the social relations that developed in the Old Russian state, its ideals. Most of the epic stories are connected with the reign of Vladimir Svyatoslavovich - the time of the unity and power of Rus' and the successful fight against the steppe nomads. But the true hero of the epic epic is not Prince Vladimir, but the heroes who personified the people. Ilya Muromets, a peasant son, a courageous patriotic warrior, and defender of “widows and orphans,” became a favorite folk hero. The people also sang the praises of the peasant plowman Mikula Selyaninovich. The epics reflected the idea of ​​Rus' as a single state. Their main theme is the struggle of the people against foreign conquerors; they are imbued with the spirit of patriotism. The ideas of the unity and greatness of Rus', service to the homeland were preserved in epics even during times of political fragmentation and the Golden Horde yoke. For many centuries, these ideas and images of heroic heroes inspired the people to fight the enemy, which predetermined the longevity of the epic epic, preserved in people's memory.

Folklore is a collective oral folk art. Small genres of folklore. - What does the word folklore mean? - What came first: folklore or literature? - Who was the creator of folklore? - What genres of folklore do you know? - What small genres of folklore do you know?

• Tomorrow a blue-blue-blue whale will fly from the sky, If you believe, stand and wait, And if you don’t believe, come out!
• Greek rode across the river. He sees a Greek: there is a cancer in the river, He put the Greek’s hand into the river - The cancer grabs the Greek’s hand - claw!
• If you're afraid of the wolf, don't go into the forest.

• The pear is hanging - you can’t eat it.
• I swear, I swear, I swear, I swear, I don’t lie down on the edge. A little gray top will come, He will grab you by the barrel And drag you into the woods, Under a broom bush. Don’t come to us, little top, and don’t wake up our Sasha.

Term "folklore", which was first introduced into science in 1846 by the English scientist W.J. Toms, translated means “folk wisdom.” This term is understood differently: sometimes it means any folk art (dancing, music, wood carving, etc.), sometimes only verbal. Folklore is distinguished by the following features: oral form of existence, reliance on traditions, direct contact between performer and listener, collectivity, nationality, combination of words with elements of other forms of art. Folklore works were performed by guslars and buffoons. A good storyteller knew up to ten works from memory. Naturally, in order to remember and reproduce any work, the people developed his own tips. This is a set of traditional beginnings and endings, repetition of words, episodes, the use of folklore symbols (cuckoo, aspen-mountain), common typical places (formula of beauty - “neither in a fairy tale can I say, nor with a pen describe”; formula of command - “stand up” in front of me, like a leaf in front of the grass”), constant epithets. Proverb - a small form of folk poetry, clothed in a short, rhythmic saying, carrying a generalized thought, conclusion, allegory with a didactic bias.

• Birds of a feather flock together.
• You can’t even pull a fish out of a pond without difficulty.
• A rolling stone gathers no moss.
• You make a soft bed, but sleep hard.
• Fear has big eyes.
• Being a guest is good, but being at home is better.

Proverb - a phrase, a figure of speech reflecting some phenomenon of life, often has a humorous nature, unlike a proverb, it does not have an instructive meaning.

• « Hunger is not an aunt, it won’t feed you with pie»
• « Teach your grandmother to suck eggs»
• « Called himself a milk mushroom - get into the box»
• « Whatever you call the boat, that’s how it will float»
• « Dear spoon for dinner»
• « Yes, curls cannot replace convolutions!»

Counting book - a short rhyme, a form of drawing lots to determine who leads the game. A counting table is an element of the game that helps establish agreement and respect for the accepted rules. Rhythm is very important in organizing a counting rhyme.

• One day the mice came out to see what time it was. One-two-three-four, The mice pulled the weights. Then a terrible ringing sound was heard - the mice ran away.
• Behind the seas, behind the mountains, Behind the iron pillars, On a hillock there is a little mansion, There is a lock on the door. You go get the key and unlock the lock.

Tongue twister - a phrase built on a combination of sounds that makes it difficult to quickly pronounce words.

• From the clatter of hooves, dust flies across the field.
• Karl stole corals from Clara, Clara stole a clarinet from Karl.
• Four turtles have four baby turtles.
• Two puppies, cheek to cheek, nipping at the brush in the corner.

Mystery - an allegorical poetic description of an object or phenomenon that tests the ingenuity of the guesser.

• Well, which of you will answer: It’s not a fire, but it burns painfully, It’s not a lantern, but it shines brightly, And it’s not a baker, but it bakes?

Calls - one of the types of invocation songs of pagan origin. They reflect the interests and ideas of peasants about the economy and family. Calls are an appeal to the sun, rainbow, rain and other natural phenomena, as well as to animals and especially often to birds, which were considered the harbingers of spring

• Sunshine, get ready! Red, show yourself! Come out from behind the clouds, I'll give you a bunch of nuts!
• Frost-Frost! Don't pull home by the nose, Don't knock, don't spoil, And draw on the windows!
• Cucumber, cucumber, don’t go to that end: the mouse lives there, and will bite off your tail.

joke(from bayat, that is, to tell) is a poetic, short, funny story that a mother tells her child.

• Tili-bom, tili-bom The cat's house caught fire. The cat jumped out, its eyes bulging, a chicken was running with a bucket, and it was flooding the cat’s house!
• Three goats mowed the grass Along the meadows and green hummocks. The goats are young, the tails are short.

Nursery rhyme - an element of pedagogy, a song-sentence that accompanies playing with a child’s fingers, arms and legs. Nursery rhymes, like pesters, accompany the development of children. Pestushka(from the word nurture, that is, to nurse, groom) - a short poetic chant of nannies and mothers, with which they accompany the actions of a child that he performs at the very beginning of his life. Lullaby - a song used to lull a child to sleep. People believed that a person is surrounded by mysterious hostile forces, and if a child sees something bad and scary in a dream, then in reality it will not happen again.

• Oh, lyu-li, lu-li, lu-li! The cranes have arrived. The bushy-legged cranes have not found the way. They sat on the gate, And the gate is creaking and creaking... Don’t wake up Vanya with us - Vanya is sleeping, sleeping with us.
• A dream walks around the house in a gray robe. And the sleepyhead under the window in a blue sundress. They walk together, And you, daughter, fall asleep.

• Bayushki-bayushki, Ermines galloped. They galloped to the cradle and looked at Masha. And the ermine said: “Grow up quickly! I’ll take you to my place, I’ll show you in the forest And the wolf cub and the little hare, And in the swamp the frog, And on the cuckoo tree, And under the tree fox.”

Small genres of folklore:

• Ditty, genre of Russian verbal and musical folk art, a short (usually 4-line) song with humorous content and fast tempo.
I worked for my brother - As soon as I whiled away the days, I asked for shoes: “Sister, I didn’t earn it!”
• fable - conversation about the actions of heroes that demonstrate their character traits.
- Foma, is it warm in your hut? - Warm! You can tolerate it on the stove in a fur coat.
• Tall tale tells an unusual, fictitious, “inverted” picture of life.
Zhona was a beauty... she would look outside the window and the dogs would bark for three days...

Find a definition of the folklore genre: Folklore genre Definition of the genre

• Proverb
• Proverb
• Counting book
• Ditty
• Tale
• Pestushka
• Mystery
• Tall tale
• Pure speech
• Zaklik

• Allegorical description of an object in order to guess what is intended
• Talk about the actions of heroes that demonstrate their character traits.
• Allegory with a didactic slant.
• A short poetic chant of nannies and mothers, as they accompany the actions of the child.
• A short rhyme, a form of drawing lots to determine who leads the game.
• An incantatory song addressed to natural phenomena.
• A phrase built on a combination of sounds that makes it difficult to quickly pronounce words.
• Tells an unusual, fictitious, “inverted” picture of life.
• A short humorous song.
• A stable expression that describes a situation or character without conveying a lesson.

Determine the tasks of small folklore genres: Genre Objectives of the genre

• Proverb
• Proverb
• Counting book
• Mystery
• Tale
• Tall tale
• Nursery rhyme

• Hints (hiddenly evaluates) various phenomena of human life.
• Teaches you to guess what is planned.
• It's a fun way to teach the difference between reality and fantasy and to develop imagination.
• Briefly and accurately evaluate the characters and actions of people.
• Have fun teaching baby signs
• Help to have fun assigning roles in the game.
• Make fun of bad character traits or show the hero's wit.

Presentation on the topic: Collectors of Russian folk tales Completed by: 4th grade student Milena Egorova Checked by: class teacher O.P. Popova Yakutsk, 2014

Alexander Nikolaevich Afanasyev A. N. Afanasyev (July 11, 1826 - September 23, 1871) - an outstanding Russian collector of folklore, researcher of the spiritual culture of the Slavic peoples, historian and literary critic. He was born in the city of Boguchar, Voronezh province, where his father, a very intelligent man who highly valued education, served as a district attorney. He received his education at the Voronezh gymnasium and Moscow University, where he studied at the Faculty of Law, where he became interested in studying antiquity, and above all, ancient Russian life. Having become interested in folk life, the young scientist could not ignore oral literature, including fairy tales.

Afanasyev A.N. did a great job of collecting and systematizing Russian fairy tales, which were combined into the collection “Russian Folk Tales” and during 1855-1863. published in eight issues. The scientist extracted the texts of the fairy tales from the archives of the Russian Geographical Society and, together with these texts, published recordings of the fairy tales of another outstanding figure of Russian culture - V. I. Dal. In his collection, Afanasyev systematized the voluminous material of Russian fairy tales of the first half of the 19th century, providing them with extensive scientific commentary. The system adopted by Afanasyev is the first attempt to classify fairy tales in general.

The collection includes more than 600 fairy tales from all over Russia. This is still the largest collection of fairy tales. In total, this book went through more than twenty-five editions. Among other fairy tales included in the collection, a special place is occupied by everyone’s favorite “Kolobok”, “Turnip”, “Teremok”, “Morozko”, “Geese - Swans”, “At the Command of the Pike”, etc., which became famous thanks to efforts of A.N. Afanasyev, and which can rightfully be called countless fabulous riches.

IN AND. Dahl is a famous lexiographer. Born November 10, 1801 in the Yekaterinoslav province in the city of Lugansk (hence Dahl’s pseudonym: Cossack Lugansky). The father was a Dane, multilaterally educated, a linguist (he even knew ancient Greek), a theologian and a physician; mother is German, daughter of Freytag, who translated Gesner and Ifland into Russian. Dahl's father accepted Russian citizenship and was generally an ardent Russian patriot. Dahl was a multifaceted personality. He was an outstanding lexicographer, folklorist and ethnographer. He was knowledgeable in agriculture, commerce, maritime and engineering, homeopathy, horse breeding, fishing, and the construction of ships, houses and bridges. He sang beautifully and played many musical instruments, was a good surgeon, a high-ranking official and academician, one of the founders and active members of the Russian Geographical Society. Dal Vladimir Ivanovich

Vladimir Ivanovich Dal is the creator of the famous Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language and the author of wonderful fairy tales for children. He was also a connoisseur and collector of Russian folk art. It was he who collected and wrote down the well-known proverbs “You can’t take a fish out of a pond without difficulty”, “If you’re afraid of a wolf, don’t go into the forest.” He was glorified as a writer “Russian fairy tales from oral folk traditions translated into civil literacy, adapted to everyday life and embellished with walking sayings by the Cossack Vladimir Lugansky. The first heel”, published in 1832.

Konstantin Dmitrievich Ushinsky (1824-1870) is the founder of Russian pedagogy, in particular preschool pedagogy. He based his pedagogical system on the idea of ​​national education, believing that children from a very early age should assimilate elements of folk culture, master their native language, and become familiar with works of oral folk art. According to K.D. Ushinsky, fairy tales are “the first and brilliant attempts of Russian folk pedagogy,” and no one can compete with the “pedagogical genius of the people.” Therefore, he believed that children would learn more by reading interesting, but at the same time instructive fairy tales and stories.

Tolstoy Lev Nikolaevich - (1828-1910) - one of the most widely known Russian writers and thinkers. Participant in the defense of Sevastopol. Educator, publicist, religious thinker. Leo Tolstoy's fairy tales are designed to make it easier for children to memorize scientific material. Many works of the “New ABC” and “Russian Books for Reading” are subject to this principle. In 1872, he wrote the favorite fairy tale “The Three Bears”, beloved by all children, for the “New ABC”. Its narration is extremely close to a realistic story: it does not have the traditional beginning and ending of folk tales. Events unfold from the first phrases: “One girl left home for the forest. She got lost in the forest and began to look for the way home, but didn’t find it, but came to a house in the forest.”

Alexey Nikolaevich Tolstoy was born on January 10 (December 29), 1883 in the city of Nikolaevsk, Samara province. An amazing and talented writer who wrote many works of different directions, but we know him as a writer who gave wonderful fairy tales for children. While creating his fabulous masterpieces, Tolstoy could not ignore Russian folk tales. Amazing folklore told the author how best to convey to the listener the idea and deep meaning of each children's fairy tale. Tolstoy, in his own name, processed and rewrote some magical folk tales and tales about animals.

The process of remaking folk tales was very difficult and time-consuming, requiring a certain writing talent. Alexei Tolstoy selected the most interesting and popular fairy tales, which were presented in a very beautiful folk form and written in a magnificent folk language, and diluted them with some classical literature. In his adaptation we know such fairy tales as “Ivan Tsarevich and the Gray Wolf”, “The Wolf and the Little Goats”, “Sister Alyonushka and Brother Ivanushka” and many other fairy tales.

When writing this work, materials from the following Internet resources were used: http://narodstory.net www.hobbitaniya.ru http://ru.wikipedia.org images.yandex.ru