The problem of historical memory (according to the novel by Boris Vasiliev "I was not on the lists") (USE in Russian). B. Vasiliev, "Not on the lists": analysis of the work Problems was not on the lists

"Not on the Lists" is a novel by Boris Vasiliev about the heroism of a young Russian officer, Nikolai Pluzhnikov, who happened to defend the Brest Fortress.

It so happened that Nikolai, after graduating from college, went to serve in the Brest Fortress and arrived at it after dark. In search of an opportunity to register and register, he was caught by the first shelling, with which the Germans began a terrible bloody war with the Soviet Union in the early morning of June 22, 1941. Kolya was not registered anywhere, he "did not appear in any lists" of the defenders of the fortress, but he did not even think that he could leave the fortress and not fight.

Stoic defense of the Brest Fortress

From the moment when the first shots sounded, the defenders of the fortress, waiting for reinforcements, entered the battle with the enemy. First, from minute to minute, then from day to day, they expected reinforcements from the army, gradually the hope for help melted away, but did not disappear, but only grew stronger every day, the hope for victory, the strength of spirit and will of each heroic defender of the Brest Fortress. The fighters had little ammunition, often they had to fight only with knives, in battle only a terrible animal roar was heard and twisted mouths were visible.

The battle for the fortress lasted nine months. During this time, the Nazi invaders occupied a significant part of the territory of the Soviet Union, began the blockade of Leningrad, the heroic defense of Sevastopol. The enemy came close to Moscow, but with the incredible efforts of Soviet soldiers, he was driven back. Heroes-defenders of the Brest Fortress until the end of 1941, all winter and part of the spring of 1942, stoically defended their citadel. Gradually they ran out of food, ammunition, one by one they died.

The last Hero

And so, on April 12, 1942, Nikolai Pluzhnikov was left alone in the fortress. By this time, Soviet troops had already liberated Moscow and Nikolai really wanted to "look the Germans in the eye."

Everyone who read the words of the hero-defender of our Fatherland: “The fortress did not fall: it simply bled out. I am her last drop, ”he will never forget them.

This man, who was not even on the list of fighters of the Brest Fortress, fought heroically for nine months. When he left the fortress, the last and only surviving defender, the German soldiers standing outside the gate, saluted him, even they could not but recognize and admire his stamina and great courage.

Nikolai Pluzhnikov is the personification of all those nameless and unknown soldiers who paid with their lives for the freedom of their Fatherland. Twenty million people gave their lives for our great Victory. The courage and heroism of the Soviet people, who defended our right to life and freedom in that war, will remain in the souls of all present and future generations as that guiding star that will not allow any of us to stray from the path of light and goodness.

Irina Sanchez

Competition entry 2014

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They are in heaven

They don't need fame.

To things like us

She must call.

(Inscription on the obelisk in the Trinity-Sergius Lavra)

Wartime is far behind us. Years go by... Veterans are aging, there are fewer and fewer people who participated in bloody battles with fascism. But in the memory of new and new generations, the Great Patriotic War remains as a symbol of a great national feat, a moral height achieved by fathers and grandfathers and left to us, descendants. For grandchildren, letters from front-line soldiers, orders, cuttings from front-line newspapers are saved in families. But there are war documents that are the property of everyone. These are books about the war: A. Tvardovsky "Vasily Terkin", M. Sholokhov "The Fate of a Man", V. Bykov "Sotnikov", "Alpine Ballad", Y. Bondarev "Hot Snow" ... They tell about the most ordinary people, whose youth coincided with the hour of the great trials of the people, who, having endured these trials, living or dead, bequeaths the ideals of his time to us.

Boris Vasiliev is one of those writers who defended their native land with weapons in their hands. The most interesting, in my opinion, his works of military subjects are the story “The Dawns Here Are Quiet” and the novel “He Was Not on the Lists”, revealing the beauty of the spiritual world of a Russian soldier.

The protagonist of the work is Lieutenant Nikolai Pluzhnikov, who recently graduated from a military school. This is an enthusiastic young man, full of hope and believing that “... every commander must first serve in the troops.” Talking about the short life of a lieutenant, B. Vasiliev shows how a young man becomes a hero.

Having been assigned to the Special Western District, Kolya was happy. As if on wings, he flew to the city of Brest-Litovsk, in a hurry to decide on a unit as soon as possible. His guide through the city was the girl Mirra, who helped him get to the fortress. Before reporting to the regimental duty officer, Kolya went into the warehouse to clean his uniform. And at that time the first explosion was heard ... So for Pluzhnikov the war began.

Barely having time to jump out before the second explosion, blocking the entrance to the warehouse, the lieutenant began his first battle. He aspired to accomplish a feat, thinking proudly: “I went on a real attack and, it seems, I killed someone. There is something to tell ... ”And the next day he was frightened by German machine gunners and, saving his life, abandoned the fighters who had already trusted him.

From this moment, the consciousness of the lieutenant begins to change. He blames himself for cowardice and sets himself the goal of preventing the enemies from capturing the Brest Fortress at all costs. Pluzhnikov realizes that true heroism and feat require courage, responsibility, readiness to “lay down one’s life for one’s friends” from a person. And we see how the awareness of duty becomes the driving force of his actions: you can’t think about yourself, because the Motherland is in danger. Having gone through all the cruel trials of the war, Nikolai became an experienced fighter, ready to give everything for the sake of victory and firmly believing that "it is impossible to defeat a person, even by killing."

Feeling a blood connection with the Fatherland, he remained faithful to his military duty, calling for him to fight his enemies to the end. After all, the lieutenant could have left the fortress, and this would not have been desertion on his part, because he was not on the lists. Pluzhnikov understood that defending the Motherland was his sacred duty.

Left alone in the ruined fortress, the lieutenant met the foreman Semishny, who from the very beginning of the siege of Brest wore the banner of the regiment on his chest. Dying of hunger and thirst, with a broken spine, the foreman kept this shrine, firmly believing in the liberation of our Motherland. Pluzhnikov accepted the banner from him, having received an order to survive at all costs and return the scarlet banner to Brest.

Nikolai had to go through a lot during these harsh days of trials. But no troubles could break a person in him and extinguish his fiery love for the Fatherland, because “in important epochs of life, sometimes a spark of heroism flares up in the most ordinary person” ...

The Germans drove him into a casemate, from which there was no second way out. Pluzhnikov hid the banner and went out into the light, saying to the man sent for him: “The fortress did not fall: it simply bled out. I am her last drop...” How Nikolai Pluzhnikov is deeply revealed in his human essence in the final scene of the novel, when he, accompanied by Ruvim Svitsky, leaves the casemate. It is written, if we turn to musical creativity for an analogy, according to the principle of the final chord.

Everyone in the fortress looked with surprise at Nicholas, this "unconquered son of the unconquered Motherland." In front of them stood "an incredibly thin, no longer aged man." The lieutenant was “without a hat, long gray hair touched his shoulders ... He stood, straightening up strictly, throwing his head high, and, without looking up, looked at the sun with blinded eyes. And from those unblinking, intent eyes, tears flowed uncontrollably.

Marveling at Pluzhnikov's heroism, the German soldiers and the general gave him the highest military honors. “But he did not see these honors, and if he did, he would not care anymore. He was above all conceivable honors, above glory, above life, above death.

Lieutenant Nikolai Pluzhnikov was not born a hero. The author tells in detail about his pre-war life. He is the son of Commissar Pluzhnikov, who died at the hands of the Basmachi. Even at the school, Kolya considered himself a model of a general who participated in the Spanish events. And in the conditions of war, the unfired lieutenant was forced to make independent decisions; when he received the order to retreat, he did not leave the fortress. Such a construction of the novel helps to understand the spiritual world not only of Pluzhnikov, but of all Russian people.

Nicholas died, but, as he himself said, the soldiers who fell on the battlefield as heroes did not die. They cannot be killed. Only those who cowardly surrendered and remained to live died.

Nikolai Pluzhnikov is a true defender of his Fatherland. A courageous patriot of the Motherland, he fought to the end for the happiness and freedom of the Russian people.

Death has no power over people like him, because at the cost of their own lives, these people defended the truth.

Each era brings forth its heroes. In B. Vasiliev's novel “He Was Not on the Lists”, such a hero was the “ordinary man” Nikolai Pluzhnikov.

Years have passed, we have become accustomed to the word "war" and when we hear it, we often do not pay attention, do not startle, do not even stop... Maybe because it was a long time ago? Or because, knowing everything about the war, we do not know only one thing: “What is it?” “War is a monstrous nonsense”, grief, suffering, loss and exploits of many nameless heroes. They died, but did not give up. The consciousness of duty to the Motherland and love for it drowned out the feeling of fear, and pain, and thoughts of death. This means that this action is not an unaccountable feat, but a conviction in the rightness and greatness of a cause for which a person consciously gives his life. Ordinary people fought for the future, for the truth and a clear conscience of the world.

The memory of the Great Patriotic War still lives in the heart of every Russian person. And I want to say, together with the poet N. Dobronravov:

Let's bow to those great years,

To those glorious commanders and fighters,

And the marshals of the country, and the privates,

Let's bow to the dead and the living,

To all those who must not be forgotten,

Let's bow, bow, friends!

All the world, all the people, all the earth

Boris Vasiliev is one of the most famous Russian writers who wrote about the war. His novels "The Dawns Here Are Quiet...", "The Wilderness", "Don't Shoot the White Swans" are imbued with love for people and native nature.

We will consider the story "I was not on the lists", the analysis of which is useful for studying the work at school.

The beginning of the military career of Kolya Pluzhnikov

The story opens with the story of a young guy Nikolai Pluzhnikov, who has everything in his life: a career (he was assigned a junior lieutenant), a new uniform, an upcoming vacation ... Pluzhnikov goes to one of the best evenings in his life - to a dance, where he invites a librarian Zoya! And even the request of the authorities to sacrifice their vacation and stay in order to deal with the property of the school does not overshadow the wonderful mood and life of Kolya Pluzhnikov.

After the commander asks about what Nikolai intends to do next, is he going to go to study at the academy. However, Kolya replies that he wants to "serve in the army", because it is impossible to become a real commander if he has not served. The general looks approvingly at Nikolai, beginning to respect him.

Nicholas is sent to the Western District, to the Brest Fortress.

Suddenly the war started...

An analysis of the work "He was not on the lists" (Vasiliev) is impossible without mentioning the intermediate stop of Kolya between the school and the fortress. This stop was his house. There Nikolai saw his mother, sister Varya and her friend Valya. The latter gave him a kiss and promised to wait without fail.

Nikolai Pluzhnikov leaves for Brest. There, Kolya hears that the Germans are preparing for war, but most of the townspeople do not believe in this, they do not take it seriously. In addition, Russians believe in the strength of the Red Army.

Kolya approaches the fortress, he is accompanied by the limping girl Mirra, who annoys Pluzhnikov with her chatter and awareness. They let Kolya through at the checkpoint, give him a room for business trips and promise to deal with his distribution later.

At 4 am on June 22, 1941, the Brest Fortress began to be bombed. Boris Vasiliev knew how to describe the war very realistically. "Not on the lists" analyzes and shows the whole situation in which soldiers like Kolya Pluzhnikov have to fight, their thoughts and dreams about home and relatives.

The last Hero

After the German attack, all the Russians who were at the Brest Fortress hope that the Red Army is about to arrive and provide assistance, the most important thing is to live to see help. But the Red Army is still gone, and the Germans are already walking around the fortress, as if at home. The story "He was not on the lists", the analysis of which we are doing, describes how a small handful of people sit in the basement of the fortress and eat up the found crackers. They sit without cartridges, without food. It's real Russian frost outside. These people are waiting for help, but it is still not there.

People sitting in the basement begin to die. Only Nikolai Pluzhnikov remains. He shoots the last bullets at the Germans, while he himself constantly hides in crevices. During one of the runs to another place, he finds a secluded place, climbs in there and suddenly ... he hears a human voice! There Pluzhnikov sees a very thin man in a padded jacket. He is crying. It turns out that he has not seen people for three weeks.

Pluzhnikov dies at the end of the story. But he dies after being rescued by Russian troops. He falls to the ground, looks up to the sky and dies. Nikolai Pluzhnikov was the only living Russian soldier after the Germans invaded the Brest Fortress, which means that it was not completely conquered. Nikolai Pluzhnikov dies a free, undefeated man.

The story "He was not on the lists", the analysis of which we are doing, does not hold back tears in the finale of the work. Boris Vasiliev writes in such a way that every word literally touches the soul.

The history of the creation of the work

At the end of the story, readers watch a woman arrive at the Brest railway station and lay flowers. The plaque says that during the Great Patriotic War, the station was guarded by Nikolai (his last name is unknown). Boris Vasilyev became a witness to this story, which happened in reality.

“He didn’t appear on the lists” (analysis of this story is impossible without relying on the following facts) - a work based on the fact that Vasilyev himself was driving past the station in Brest and noticed a woman standing in front of a sign with an inscription about the unknown Nikolai. He questioned her and found out that during the war there was such a soldier who fell a hero.

Boris Vasilyev tried to look for something about him in documents and archives, but found nothing. Because the soldier was not on the lists. Then Vasiliev came up with a story for him and conveyed it to our generation.

love line

First, Nikolai Pluzhnikov fell in love with Valya, his sister's friend. She promised to wait for him, and Kolya promised to return. However, in the war, Nicholas fell in love again. Yes, love broke out between him and that same lame Mirra. They sat in the basement and planned how they would get out of there and go to Moscow. And in Moscow they will go to the theater... Mirra will put a prosthesis and will no longer limp... Kolya and Mirra indulged in such dreams, sitting in a cold, gray, God-forsaken basement.

Mirra got pregnant. The couple realized that it was impossible for Mirra to stay in the basement and eat only breadcrumbs. She needs to get out to save the baby. However, it falls into the hands of the Germans. The Germans beat Mirra for a long time, then they pierce her with bayonets and leave her to die in front of Pluzhnikov.

Other characters in the story

Pluzhnikov is at war with the soldier Salnikov. It's amazing how war changes people! From a green youth, he turns into a stern man. Before his death, he blames himself for the fact that he often thought not about the course of the battle itself, but about how he would be met at home. He can't be blamed for this. None of the young guys who were at the Brest Fortress was warned and prepared to meet the enemies face to face.

One of the main characters mentioned above is Mirrochka. A girl who should not have been at the Brest Fortress at such a difficult time! She needed the protection of her hero - Kolya, whom she, perhaps, partly in gratitude and fell in love with.

Thus, Boris Vasiliev ("He was not on the lists"), whose work we analyzed, created the story of one hero, whose feat personifies the feats of all Russian soldiers in the Great Patriotic War.

Writing

Hero, heroism, heroic... These words enter our lives from childhood, forming the features of a citizen and patriot in a person. An important role in this process belongs to Russian literature, in which the depiction of a human feat has been and remains traditional since the time of The Tale of Igor's Campaign and Zadonshchina. In Russian literature of the 20th century, the feat of a person is closely connected with the theme of the Great Patriotic War, which has become a truly "people's war" for our compatriots. Among those who went through this war there were many future writers: Yu. Bondarev, V. Bykov, V. Zakrutkin, K. Vorobyov, V. Astafiev and others.

Volunteer of the Great Patriotic War, who went through it from beginning to end, was also Boris Lvovich Vasilyev, the author of many books devoted to this sacred topic for everyone.
The most famous is the story of B. Vasiliev "The Dawns Here Are Quiet ...", in which the idea of ​​the incompatibility of war with human nature, especially a woman, who is called to give life, is expressed with particular insight.

But in my essay I would like to turn to B. Vasiliev’s novel “I wasn’t on the lists”, which was published in the journal Yunost in 1974.

In the center of the novel is the fate of the young lieutenant Nikolai Pluzhnikov, who arrived at the place of service - in the Brest Fortress - late in the evening of June 21, 1941, and therefore did not have time to get on the list of the garrison, but later became the last defender of the heroic fortress.

“He was not on the lists” is the story of the formation of a heroic character, maturing in the fire of war.

The novel is compositionally divided into three parts, chronologically continuing each other.
So, Kolya Pluzhnikov arrives at the Brest Fortress on the night of June 22, 1941. He is almost a boy, very naive and spontaneous. But in this naivete lies, it seems to me, the great truth of the time that B. Vasiliev draws, avoiding even a hint of modernization, modernizing the past for the sake of fashion, power, etc.

Kolya is sincerely sure that the well-known TASS report, in which the rumors about the outbreak of war are called a provocation, exhausts all the problems: “We have a non-aggression pact with Germany. Rumors about the concentration of German troops near our border ... are the result of the intrigues of the Anglo-French imperialists. And to the question of whether there will be a war, the young man quickly answers: “It will be a quick war. The most important thing is the decisive power of the Red Army. In enemy territory, we will strike the enemy with a crushing blow. We, people of the beginning of the 21st century, who know about the heavy retreats of the Red Army in 1941, about the terrible encirclement of Kharkov in 1942, it is impossible to read these words of the hero without a bitter smile.

But not in order to laugh, B. Vasiliev introduces his Kolya Pluzhnikov into the pages of the novel. This is, if you like, the starting point in the development of the hero.
The war dramatically changes the life and consciousness of Nicholas. At the cost of grave mistakes, knowing high love and low betrayal, Pluzhnikov comes to the understanding that a lot depends on his personal participation.
Nikolai did not immediately manage to go through that “science of hatred”, about which M. A. Sholokhov wrote. In the second part of the novel, the hero transitions to a new state: the transformation of the boy into a warrior, into a “comrade commander”.
However, it seems to me that the first and second parts are a kind of plot to the third part. That's when all Pluzhnikov's friends died, when he remains the only active fighter in a busy but undefeated fortress, the main action of the novel unfolds. The tone and even the rhythm of the narration change dramatically, the dramatic notes of the military plot disappear, descriptions of combat episodes disappear; there is a high psychological intensity, the drama is replaced by a high tragedy that turns the young man into a Hero, the culmination and denouement of which simultaneously becomes the last chapter of the novel. Hence the solemnity, and the special, significant meaning of each phrase.
The unconquered son of an unconquered homeland does not feel defeated. The Brest Fortress did not fall, but simply bled out, and Pluzhnikov is its last straw. He is above death, therefore, above oblivion.

The Nazis are afraid of the half-dead, hungry Pluzhnikov: “At the entrance to the basement stood an incredibly thin, no longer aged man ..., long gray hair touched his shoulders. He stood sternly upright... and, without looking up, looked at the sun with blinded eyes. And from those unblinking, intent eyes, tears flowed uncontrollably.
Pluzhnikov's feat is so lofty that it strikes even enemies. As he walked towards the ambulance, “suddenly the German general, clicking his heels, threw up his hand to the visor. The soldiers stretched out and froze. But the one to whom the enemies were saluting could no longer see anything. He was above glory and above death. "He walked proudly and stubbornly, as he lived, and fell only when he reached."

It is impossible to read this last chapter of the novel without tears, in which the author never once called his hero by name. At the beginning of the novel, he was Kolya Pluzhnikov for us, then “comrade commander”, and we say goodbye to an unknown Russian soldier, whose name has remained forever in the people’s memory, although he himself was not on the lists.
I think that the theme of heroism will forever exist in Russian literature, not only because the memory of heroes does not die in our hearts, but also because nowadays, unfortunately, nineteen-year-old children are dying again, and mothers are again putting on mourning clothes.

When a person performs this or that moral deed, then by this he is not yet virtuous; he is virtuous only if this mode of behavior is a constant feature of his character. Hegel

The plots of Vasil Bykov's stories are usually some small military episode. The moral problem is the key that opens the door to the work. This is how the “Kruglyansky Bridge”, “Obelisk”, “Sotnikov”, “Wolf Pack” and some other works of the writer were built. Bykov is especially interested in such situations in which a person should be guided not by a direct order, but by his moral compass.

Teacher Frost from the story "Obelisk" brought up kind, bright, honest children in children. And when the war came, his students staged an assassination attempt on the policeman. The children were arrested. The Germans promised to let the guys go if the teacher hiding with the partisans showed up. From the point of view of common sense, it was useless for Frost to appear to the police: the Nazis would not have spared teenagers anyway. But from a moral point of view, Frost had to confirm by his act what he taught the children, what he convinced them of. Frost could not live if at least one person thought that he was afraid, that he left his children at a fatal moment. The teacher was executed along with the children. Someone, perhaps, will regard his act as a reckless suicide. But I do not think so.

After the war, his last name was not on the obelisk at the site of the execution of schoolchildren! But there were those in whose souls that good seed sprouted, which Frost planted with his feat. They managed to achieve justice: the name of the teacher was added to the obelisk along with the names of the hero children.

At the end of his story, Bykov makes the reader a witness to a dispute in which one of today's wise men dismissively says that there is no special feat behind this Frost, since he did not even kill a single German. In response to this, the interlocutor, in whom the grateful memory of the heroes of the war is alive, sharply says: “He did more than if he had killed a hundred. He put his life on the line. Myself. Voluntarily. Do you understand what this argument is? And in whose favor ... ". This argument is precisely related to the moral concept: to prove to everyone that your beliefs are stronger than threatening death. Frost stepped over the natural thirst to survive, to survive. From this begins the heroism of one person, so necessary for raising the moral spirit of society.

The heroes of Vasil Bykov always face a choice. In the book "Sotnikov" we have two main characters - Sotnikov and Rybak. Rybak is more adapted to life than Sotnikov. He is strong, dexterous, hardy, he is not a coward - he himself volunteered to go on reconnaissance with Sotnikov. Once in the partisan detachment, he did not refuse any work. Rybak hates Germans and policemen who betrayed their people. Throughout the story, he takes care of his friend Sotnikov. He drags him on himself, although at first he showed weakness and abandoned his wounded comrade.

Fear for his life gripped Rybak. And it is not surprising, because the instinct of self-preservation lives in every person. But he overcame his fear, although it was not easy for him. Conscience triumphed over self-pity. It would seem that all is well that ends well. But the story doesn't end there. Once captured, Rybak chooses the path of betrayal, unlike Sotnikov.

Sotnikov is inferior to Rybak in physical strength. He is less adapted to life in war. But even being sick, he goes to reconnaissance, because if not he, then who? All the way, Sotnikov feels guilty before Rybak, because he is sick, injured, because he is lagging behind. Time cannot be lost.

Both heroes face a choice. And now they were on opposite sides of the same line separating friends and enemies. The fisherman, feeling guilty, tries to convince himself that he is not to blame. Rybak tries to silence the voice of conscience, but he fails. He must knock out a block of wood from under Sotnikov's feet when he is being hanged. And from this he is horrified!

Sotnikov is disgusted by Rybak's betrayal. He looks around the crowd, and the last person he sees is a boy who is watching the execution in fear. Sotnikov could not resist and smiled at the boy with his eyes alone. He seems to want to say that it is better to die than to be a traitor.
Sotnikov's suffering ended with his execution. But Rybak began to have problems with his conscience. And here an analogy arises with the biblical story of Judas Iscariot. The fisherman understands that he cannot escape, and decides to take his own life, "... in hell, forever ... this is the only possible way out ..." But fate does not even give him such an opportunity. And he continues to live, languishing from the pangs of conscience.

The problems of the clash of good and evil, indifference and humanism are always relevant, and it seems to me that the more complex the moral situation, the stronger the interest in it. Of course, these problems cannot be solved by one work, or even by the entire literature as a whole. Each time is a personal matter. But maybe it will be easier for people to make a choice when they have a moral guide.

3. Problems of the work

4. Main content

5. My assessment of the book

6. List of used literature

1. Description of books

For my work, I decided to take the book by Boris Vasiliev “I was not on the lists”. This is a fictional novel from the series "Military Literature". The book consists of 5 parts, 3 chapters in each part. The book was written in 1974. Historians do not like legends, but the book tells in the best possible way about the first minutes of the Great Patriotic War, about the unknown soldier, about the defender of our homeland, whom the Germans managed to take only in the tenth month of the war in April 1942. He courageously and bravely defended the Brest Fortress, time did not convey to us either his name or rank, but we know one thing - he was a Russian soldier who staunchly and courageously defended his homeland, at the cost of his life.

The author of the book Boris Lvovich Vasiliev was born on May 21, 1924 in Smolensk. Refers to the generation of young men who were destined to step into the heat of war from school. He fought in the airborne troops, and after the Great Patriotic War he graduated from the Military Technical Academy of Armored and Mechanized Troops in 1948. Until 1954, Boris Vasiliev was an engineer, tested tanks, then he left the army and began to engage in literary activities. B. Vasiliev's literary debut took place in 1955, when the play "Officer" was published, then the following - "Knock and it will open" (1939), "My Fatherland, Russia" (1962). The very first major work of the writer (the story "The Dawns Here Are Quiet ...", published in 1969) brought him fame and love from readers. The theme of the Great Patriotic War was developed in the story "I was not on the lists" (1974). One of the best works of the era of "perestroika" was the story "Tomorrow was the war", published in 1984, which takes place on the eve of the Patriotic War. Based on this story, in 1987, director Yuri Kara made a film of the same name. In addition, on the basis of his own story, Boris Vasiliev created the script for the film "The Dawns Here Are Quiet ...". For this picture, its creators were awarded the State Prize of the USSR, and in 1973 it was nominated for an Oscar. In 1991, two stories "Drop by Drop" and "Carnival" were published, the next year - a new work - "The House that Grandfather Built", in 1990 - the essay "There is such a profession." Recently finished a new historical novel "Yaroslav and his sons", dedicated to the time of Alexander Nevsky. Peru Boris Vasiliev also owns the historical novels "There were and weren't" and "Assuage my sorrows" and the novel "Greetings to you from Baba Lera ..."

3 Problems of the work

Is it possible to use works of art in history lessons? There is no definite answer to this question. But, in my opinion, such works as the story “I was not on the lists” are possible. The current generation of children, it is very difficult to interest, in the era of computer technology, books have faded into the background. It is becoming more and more difficult to study history, the voluminous amount of material, dates and events does not arouse interest in modern children. The work “He was not on the lists” tells about the events of the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, the basis of the novel is the real story of the defense of the Brest Fortress. In modern children, it is necessary to educate love for the motherland, the desire to accomplish feats, courage. The author of the work refers to those writers who themselves went through the difficult roads of the war, who defended their native land with weapons in their hands. His work is about the path of maturity that nineteen-year-old lieutenant Nikolai Pluzhnikov goes through in a short period of defense of the Brest Fortress. The writer shows the heroism and inner beauty of Soviet soldiers. After the first three days of fierce fighting, "the days and nights of the defense of the fortress merged into one single chain of sorties and bombardments, attacks, shelling, wandering through the dungeons, short fights with the enemy and short, fainting-like minutes of oblivion and constant, exhausting, not passing even in a dream desire to drink. A feat is not only the greatness and spirit of heroism, but also the greatness of morality. An immoral person is capable of an act, perhaps equal in the strength of his influence on those around him to a feat. But this "feat" turns out to be either a crime, or a betrayal, or something even worse. In the novel “He was not on the lists,” Nikolai Pluzhnikov proved that he could not be frightened, broken, or made a slave. He remains a man in all situations: in relation to the woman he loves, and under the continuous bombing of the Germans, and even in relation to his enemy. And to remain a man in a war is real heroism. Pain and pride - these feelings cover the reader when he delves into the description of the battles, thinks about the thoughts of the heroes, imagines himself in their place. Many, many feats were accomplished during the war, but it is enough to read the stories and novels of Boris Vasilyev to begin to understand the origins of this mass heroism, which came from selfless love for the Motherland, from hatred of evil, from high moral principles.

4 Main content

The novel describes several peaceful days of the lieutenant, but for him they are full of important events. Nikolai graduated from a military school, was appointed a platoon commander and went to one of the parts of the Special Western District.
The lieutenant has the clearest ideas about the war. He is sure that Nazi Germany will not dare to attack our homeland, and he considers talk about this provocative, he has no doubts about the strength and power of the Soviet army.
Late at night on June 21, 1941, he arrived at the Brest Fortress. His plans included appearing in the morning to the authorities, enrolling in the list of the unit and starting the service.
But on June 22, at four and fifteen minutes in the morning, a heavy roar hit the Brest Fortress: Nazi Germany treacherously attacked the Soviet Union, the Great Patriotic War began, and the defense of the Brest Fortress began.
After 3 days of fierce fighting, the days and nights of the defense of the fortress merged into a single chain of sorties and bombings, attacks, shelling, wandering through the dungeons, short fights with the enemy and a constant, debilitating desire to drink ...
In the first battles with the Nazis, Pluzhnikov was lost, losing command from his hands ... Moreover, in these battles he chickened out twice. The defense of the Brest Fortress became for Pluzhnikov a cruel school of maturity and spiritual growth.
The lieutenant will continue to make mistakes. A cruel lesson that taught him to distinguish true humanity from false, he received, having regretted and releasing the Nazi. Pluzhnikov became observant, cool-headed, prudent, learned to think and fully assess the situation.
In the process of defending the Brest Fortress, he became one of its heroes, accomplished quite a few feats, was the defender and "owner" of the fortress until the spring of 1942, was awarded military honors even from the enemy in the last minutes of his life ... "Brest did not give up, did not fall fortress. They did not take it with bombs or flamethrowers. She just bled out..."
Pluzhnikov's words: “A person cannot be defeated if he does not want to. You can kill, but you can't win."

5 My assessment of the work

I really liked the book I read. It describes not only the issues of the problems that arose as a result of the sudden attack of fascist Germany on the Soviet Union, but also social relations within the military strata of society, as well as a love story. The patriotic mood of the population is very clearly shown, which defended every square centimeter, fighting to the last bullet, and often in hand-to-hand combat or armed with bricks and fittings. The story is told on behalf of a young man who has not told much in life, who at the beginning behaves a little stupidly, but after living for 15 months in a fortress, he becomes a professional warrior, smart, tactful and cold-blooded. The book is written in such a way that it does not give preference to anyone, neither Russians, nor Germans, nor commanders, nor simple privates. The book reflects the events of the war in many ways, showing it from all sides. The history of this book instills in a person a sense of patriotism and justice, calls not to forget the feat accomplished by the Soviet people in the period 1941-1945, to remember and honor the victims and those who died in the war. I consider this book one of the best books I have read about the Great Patriotic War.

7. List of used literature

1. B. Vasiliev "I was not on the lists"
2. Dementiev A. Military prose of Boris Vasiliev. (1983)

BIF(extramural)

Test work on the national history

Topic: "Review of the book by B. Vasiliev" Was not on the list "

Completed by: 1st year student

Group 162

Adamova Ya.P.

Saint Petersburg

St. Petersburg State University of Culture and Arts

BIF(extramural)

On bibliology and the history of the book

Topic: "The beginning of typography"

Completed by: 1st year student

162 groups

Adamova Ya.P.

Saint Petersburg