V.F. Myasnikov, a member of the Antarctic round-the-world expedition, which sailed the course of Bellingshausen and Lazarev, tells in the book "A Journey to the Country of the White Sphinx" about the courageous work of hydrographers beyond the Arctic Circle.

Yuri Modin is one of the most successful Soviet intelligence officers. His recollections of the heroic work of the famous spy group “Cambridge Five” in the book “The Fates of Scouts. My Cambridge Friends. "

In B. Vasiliev's novel "Don't Shoot White Swans" Yegor Polushkin was not afraid to go against poachers, saving the birds, because he felt responsible for them.

Osip Dymov, the hero of the story by A.P. Chekhov's "Jumping", perfectly aware of the danger, the risk he is taking, decides to save the boy suffering from diphtheria. The patient recovers, but the doctor dies.

The problem of selfless labor

* Osip Dymov, the hero of the story by A.P. Chekhov's "Jumping", perfectly aware of the danger, the risk he is taking, decides to save the boy suffering from diphtheria. The patient recovers, but the doctor dies. The author believes that the ability to follow one's professional duty even under dangerous circumstances is a gift without which society cannot survive.

In the story "A photograph in which I am not," V. Astafiev tells about young teachers who made repairs at the school, found textbooks, and so on. Once one of them rushed to save the children from the snake. Probably just such a person will become a worthy example for his students.

The problem of heroism during the Great Patriotic War

* We learn about the heroism of the soldiers from the book by A. Fedorov "Nightingales".

* The cruel truth of the war is shown in the story "The Dawns Here Are Quiet" by B. Vasiliev.

* Looking back, we have no right to forget the countless sacrifices. E. Yevtushenko, who wrote in the story "Fuku", is right:

The one who will forget yesterday's sacrifices,

Maybe tomorrow's sacrifice will be.

The problem of heroism of people of peaceful professions during the Great Patriotic War

The breeders of besieged Leningrad, in conditions of wild famine, managed to preserve priceless varieties of selection wheat for a future peaceful life.

E. Krieger, a well-known modern prose writer, in his story "Light" tells how, during the hostilities, the workers of the power plant decided not to evacuate with the inhabitants of the village, but to work. The "light-emitting power plant", as its author called it, not only generated electricity, but also inspired the soldiers, helped them remember what they were fighting for.

The cycle of stories by A. Krutetsky "In the steppes of Bashkiria" shows the hard work of collective farmers living with the slogan "Everything for the front, everything for victory!"

F. Abramov's novel "Brothers and Sisters" tells about the feat of Russian women who spent the best years of their lives on the labor front during the Great Patriotic War.

Teacher Ales Moroz, the hero of V. Bykov's story "Obelisk", in occupied Belarus, risking his life, fostered hatred for the invaders in his students. When the guys are arrested, he surrenders to the fascists in order to support them in a tragic moment.

The feat of a man in the war (based on the story "Sotnikov" by V. Bykov)

Vasil Bykov is a representative of the literature about the Great Patriotic War, which later received the definition of "literature of lieutenants", that is, literature, a representative of which he himself fought, sat in the trenches, saw a feat in the everyday work of a soldier. That is why Tolstoy's traditions of depicting war as an event unnatural to human nature are clearly visible in Bykov's prose. In addition, V. Bykov was always sure that it is the war that helps to reveal the essence of each person, since the main problem is the self-consciousness of a person in the face of death. In the story "Sotnikov" V. Bykov contrasted two ordinary Soviet people: Sotnikov and Rybak. Not a German and a Russian, but two Russian soldiers. And if Sotnikov with honor goes through difficult trials and accepts death without renouncing his beliefs, then Rybak, facing death, changes his beliefs in fear, betrays his Motherland, saves his life, which after betrayal loses all meaning. He practically becomes an enemy. He goes into the world of policemen, in which personal well-being becomes paramount, and fear for his life makes him kill and betray.

Perhaps something vile, but hidden, was latent in Rybak, but in the face of death, a person became what he really is. What an amazing reincarnation this person is experiencing. At first, the strong and quick-witted Rybak seemed more prepared for the task than the frail, sick Sotnikov. However, if Rybak, who all his life “managed to find some way out,” is internally ready to commit a crime, then Sotnikov remains faithful to his human duty to his last breath.

In the story of B. Bykov, each took his place among the victims and executioners. And everyone, except Rybak, went their death path to the end. Rybak's weakness, his irrepressible thirst to continue life was felt by the same traitor - the policeman and, almost did not hesitate, stunned Rybak at close range: “Let's save life. You will serve Greater Germany. " The fisherman has not yet agreed to go to the police, but he has already been relieved of the torture. The fisherman did not want to die and blurted out something to the investigator. Sotnikov lost consciousness during the torture, but did not say anything.

It is at this moment that ordinary actions begin to turn into the category of heroic deeds. And although the true interpretation of the word "feat" is a heroic, selfless act, Sotnikov performs precisely the feat, choosing death and denying betrayal. Sotnikov seemed to be reconciled with death. Of course, he would like to die in battle, but now, when it became impossible for him, the only thing left for him was to determine his attitude towards the people who were near. That is why before the execution Sotnikov told the investigator: "I am a partisan, the rest have nothing to do with it." In the last minutes of his life, Sotnikov suddenly loses his former confidence in the right to demand certain norms of behavior from others. Internally, he is ready to forgive even Rybak. Nor did Sotnikov seek sympathy from the crowd surrounding the execution site.

Can Sotnikov be considered a hero if he did not manage to fire a single shot? V. Bykov was able to show in a new way and, most importantly, to prove that a person can accomplish a feat not only physically, but also spiritually. It is the sphere of spirituality that prevails in Sotnikov, who before his death saw a dream about himself, a child and a father, who told him: "There was fire, and there was the highest justice in the world." Justice is not on earth, but in heaven. And then Sotnikov realized that it was in his power to leave the world according to his conscience, and this was the highest reward that life gave him. It was in this episode that V. Bykov succeeded in illuminating the concept of feat in a new way, recalling that the main thing is whether a person has retained a person in himself.

V. Bykov's story "Sotnikov" became one of the first works about the war, which considered the topic of betrayal, raised to a completely new moral category. The fact is that the writer makes it possible to interpret Rybak's offense as an act of a soldier who goes to great lengths to save his life and continue the fight against enemies. After all, the author himself has repeatedly emphasized: “... Most often I am not talking about heroes and not about heroism possible on their part. I think I look wider. I'm just talking about a person. About the possibility for him and in the most terrible situation - to preserve his dignity. If there is a chance, win. If not, hold out. And to win, albeit not physically, but spiritually. "

In this article, you are offered the problems found in the texts for preparing for the exam in the Russian language, and the literary arguments for them. All of them are available for download in table format, link at the end of the page.

1. True and false heroism unfolds before us in the pages novel by L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace"... The people carry in themselves true love for the Motherland, they defend it with their breast, dying for it in the war, not receiving orders and ranks. A completely different picture in high society, which only pretends to be patriotic, if it is fashionable. So, Prince Vasily Kuragin went both to the salon, glorifying Napoleon, and to the salon, opposing the emperor. Also, nobles willingly begin to love and glorify the fatherland when it is beneficial. So, Boris Drubetskoy uses the war to advance his career. It is thanks to the people with their true patriotism that Russia freed itself from the French invaders. But its false manifestations almost ruined the country. As you know, the Russian emperor did not spare the troops and did not want to postpone the decisive battle. The situation was saved by Kutuzov, who, with the help of delay, exhausted the French army and saved thousands of lives of ordinary people.
2. Heroism is manifested not only in war. Sonya Marmeladova, g The heroine of F.M. Dostoevsky's "Crime and Punishment", had to become a prostitute to help the family not die of hunger. The believing girl broke the commandments and went to sin for the sake of her stepmother and her children. If not for her and her dedication, they would not have survived. But Luzhin, shouting at every corner about his virtue and magnanimity, and making his undertakings heroic (especially his marriage to the homeless woman Duna Raskolnikova), turns out to be a pitiful egoist who is ready to go over his head for his goals. The difference is that Sonya's heroism saves people, while Luzhin's falsehood destroys them.

War heroism

1. A hero is not a person without fear, he is one who can overcome fear and go into battle for the sake of his goals and beliefs. Such a hero is described in the story of M.A. Sholokhov "The Fate of a Man" in the image of Andrei Sokolov. This is a completely ordinary person who lived like everyone else. But when thunder struck, he became a real hero: he was carrying shells under fire, because it is impossible otherwise, because his own people are in danger; endured captivity and concentration camp without betraying anyone; endured the death of loved ones, reviving for the fate of the orphan Vanka, which he had picked up. Andrey's heroism lies in the fact that he made the salvation of the country the main task of his life and for this he fought to the end.
2. Sotnikov, hero the story of the same name by V. Bykov, at the beginning of the work seems not at all heroic. Moreover, it was he who became the reason for his captivity, Rybak suffered with him. However, Sotnikov is trying to atone for his guilt, to take everything upon himself, to save a woman and an old man who accidentally fell under investigation. But the brave partisan Rybak is cowardly and tries only to save his own skin, denouncing everyone. The traitor survives, but is forever covered in the blood of innocent sufferers. And in the awkward and unlucky Sotnikov, a real hero is revealed, worthy of respect and inextinguishable historical memory. Thus, heroism is especially important in war, because other lives depend on its manifestation.

The goal of heroism

1. Rita Osyanina, heroine B. Vasiliev's story "The Dawns Here Are Quiet", lost her beloved husband in the first days of the war, left with a little son. But the young woman could not stay away from the general grief, went to the front, hoping to avenge her husband and protect tens of thousands of children from the enemy. It was a real heroism to go to an unequal battle with the Nazis. Rita, her friend from the department, Zhenya Komelkova, and their chief, foreman Vaskov, opposed the Nazi detachment and prepared for a mortal battle, and the girls really died. But there is no other way, behind the back is not just a patrol, behind the back is the Motherland. Thus, they sacrificed themselves to save the fatherland.
2. Ivan Kuzmich Mironov, the hero of the story by A.S. Pushkin's "The Captain's Daughter", showed heroic qualities in the defense of the Belogorodskaya fortress. He remains steadfast and does not hesitate, he is supported by the duty of honor, the military oath. When the commandant was captured by the rioters, Ivan Kuzmich remained faithful to the oath and did not recognize Pugachev, although this threatened with death. Military duty made Mironov go to the feat, despite the fact that he had to pay for it with his life. He sacrificed himself to stay true to his beliefs.

Moral feat

1. It is extremely difficult to remain human after going through blood and bullets. Andrey Sokolov, hero the story "The Fate of a Man" by MA Sholokhov, not only fought, but was also taken prisoner, in a concentration camp, fled, and then lost his entire family. It was the family that was the guiding star for the hero, having lost it, he waved his hand at himself. However, after the war, Sokolov met an orphan boy, Vanka, whose fate was also crippled by the war, and the hero did not pass by, did not leave the state or other people to take care of the orphan, Andrei became a father for Vanka, giving himself and him a chance to find a new meaning in life. The fact that he opened his heart for this boy is a moral feat, which was no easier for him than courage in battle or endurance in the camp.
2. In the course of hostilities, it is sometimes forgotten that the enemy is also a person and, most likely, sent by war to your homeland by necessity. But it is even more terrible when the war is civil, when the enemy can turn out to be a brother, and a friend, and a fellow villager. Grigory Melekhov, hero novel by M.A. Sholokhov "Quiet Don", in the new conditions of confrontation between the power of the Bolsheviks and the power of the Cossack atamans constantly hesitated. Justice called him to the side of the first, and he fought for the Reds. But in one battle, the hero saw the inhuman execution of prisoners of war, unarmed people. This senseless cruelty turned the hero away from his past views. Finally entangled between the parties, he surrenders to the winner, just to see the children. He realized that the family for him is more important than his own life, more important than principles and views, for the sake of it it is worth taking the risk, surrendering, so that the children at least see their father, who was always lost in battles.

Heroism in love

1. The manifestation of heroism is possible not only on the battlefield, sometimes no less than it is required in ordinary life. Yolkov, hero the story of A.I. Kuprin "Garnet Bracelet", performed a real feat of love, laying life on her altar. Having seen Vera only once, he lived only by her. When the husband and brother of his beloved forbade Zheltkov to even write to her, he could not live and committed suicide. But even he accepted death with the words to Vera: "Let your name shine." He did this act in order for his beloved to find peace. This is a real feat for the sake of love.
2. Mother's heroism is reflected in the story L. Ulitskaya "Daughter of Bukhara"... Alya, the main character, gave birth to a daughter, Milochka, with Down syndrome. The woman devoted her whole life to raising her daughter with a then rare diagnosis. Her husband left her, she had to not only look after her daughter, but also work as a nurse. And later my mother fell ill, did not receive treatment, but suited Milochka better: work in the workshop for gluing envelopes, marriage, education in a special school. Having done everything that was possible, Alya left to die. Mother's heroism is everyday, imperceptible, but no less important.

In the text proposed for analysis, Yu. Ya. Yakovlev raises the problem of heroism, heroism and selflessness. It is over her that he ponders.

This problem of a socio-moral nature cannot but worry a modern person.

The writer reveals this problem using the example of a story about a history teacher who had the opportunity to save his life, but after learning that the inhabitants of Kragujevac were dying, among whom were his students, he decided to be with the children in their hour of death so that they would not it was so scary and soften the picture of horror that

unfolded in front of them: “He was afraid to be late and ran all the way, and when he got to Kragujevac, he could hardly keep his feet.

He found his class, gathered all his students. And many more children joined this fifth grade, because when the teacher is nearby, it’s not so scary. ”

And also the writer shows the courage, fearlessness and selflessness of the teacher, his love for children, how he inspired them, teaching them his last lesson: “” Children, - said the teacher, - I told you how real people died for their homeland. Now it's our turn. Come on! Your last history lesson begins. " And the fifth

the class followed its teacher. "

The author's position is clear: Yu. Ya. Yakovlev believes that feat can be understood not only to save the lives of other people, but also to help in the hour of death, for example, to become an example to follow and support, especially if you have to sacrifice your life for this.

This problem is reflected in fiction. For example, in the novel Crime and Punishment by FM Dostoevsky, Sonya Marmeladova sacrifices herself, living on the “yellow ticket” in order to feed her stepmother, sick with consumption, her young children and her drunken father. Sonya helps Raskolnikov overcome herself, shares his fate, following him to hard labor. Throughout the novel, Sonya performs repeated feats, trying to save and saving the lives of people dear and close to her, which characterizes her as a highly moral person, strong in spirit.

Another example is the story of Maxim Gorky "The Old Woman Izergil", in particular, the legend about Danko, which is told by the old woman Izergil. Danko, to prove his love for people, tore open his chest, took out his burning heart and ran forward, holding it like a torch, thereby leading people out of the dark forest. Danko is the embodiment of disinterested, sublime and sacrificial love for people, he accomplished a feat, sacrificing himself for their salvation.

Thus, we can draw the following conclusion: exploit is understood not only to save the lives of others, but also to help, self-sacrifice.

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The famous American poetess and writer Eleanor Mary Sarton, known to millions of readers as May Sarton, owns the often quoted words: "Thoughts are like a hero - and you will behave like a decent person."

Much has been written about the role of heroism in people's lives. This virtue, which has a number of synonyms: courage, valor, courage, is manifested in the moral strength of its bearer. Moral strength allows him to follow real, real service to the motherland, people, humanity. What is the problem with true heroism? You can use different arguments. But the main thing in them: true heroism is not blind. Various examples of heroism are not just overcoming certain circumstances. They all have one thing in common - they bring a sense of perspective to people's lives.

Many bright classics of literature, both Russian and foreign, sought and found their bright and unique arguments to highlight the theme of the phenomenon of valor. The problem of heroism, fortunately for us, readers, is illuminated by the masters of the pen brightly, non-trivially. What is valuable in their works is that the classics immerse the reader in the spiritual world of the hero, whose high deeds are admired by millions of people. The topic of this article is an overview of some of the works of the classics, which traced a special approach to the issue of heroism and courage.

Heroes are around us

Today, unfortunately, a distorted concept of heroism prevails in the philistine psyche. immersed in their problems, in their own little selfish world. Therefore, fresh and non-trivial arguments on the problem of heroism are fundamentally important for their consciousness. Believe us, we are surrounded by heroes. We simply do not notice them due to the fact that our souls are short-sighted. Not only men perform feats. Take a closer look - a woman, according to the verdict of doctors, unable to give birth in principle, is giving birth. Heroism can and is manifested by our contemporaries at the patient's bedside, at the negotiating table, in the workplace and even at the kitchen stove. You just need to learn to see it.

The literary image of God as a tuning fork. Pasternak and Bulgakov

Sacrifice is the hallmark of true heroism. Many genius literary classics try to influence the beliefs of their readers by raising the bar for realizing the essence of heroism as high as possible. They find creative powers to uniquely convey the highest ideals to readers, telling in their own way about the feat of God, the son of man.

Boris Leonidovich Pasternak in Doctor Zhivago, an extremely honest work about his generation, writes about valor as the highest emblem of humanity. According to the writer, the problem of true heroism is revealed not in violence, but in virtue. He expresses his arguments through the mouth of the protagonist's uncle, N.N. Vedenyapin. He believes that the tamer with the whip is not able to stop the beast dormant in each of us. But this is within the power of a self-sacrificing preacher.

The classic of Russian literature, the son of a professor of theology, Mikhail Bulgakov, in his novel The Master and Margarita, presents us with his original literary interpretation of the image of the Messiah - Yeshua Ha-Notsri. Preaching the Good with which Jesus came to people is a dangerous business. Words of truth and conscience that run counter to the foundations of society are fraught with death for the one who uttered them. Even the procurator of Judea, who, without hesitation, can come to the aid of Mark Ratslayer surrounded by the Germans, is afraid to tell the truth (while secretly agreeing with the views of Ha-Nozri.) The peaceful messiah courageously follows his fate, and the battle-hardened Roman military leader is cowardly. Bulgakov's arguments are convincing. The problem of heroism for him is closely related to the organic unity of the worldview, worldview, word and deed.

Henryk Sienkiewicz's arguments

The image of Jesus in a halo of courage also appears in Henryk Sienkiewicz's novel "Kamo Gryadeshi". The Polish literary classic finds bright shades to create a unique plot situation in his famous novel.

After Jesus was crucified and resurrected, he came to Rome, pursuing his mission: to convert the Eternal City to Christianity. However, he, an inconspicuous traveler, barely arriving, becomes a witness to the solemn entry of the emperor Nero. Peter is shocked by the worship of the Romans to the emperor. He does not know what arguments to find for this phenomenon. The problem of heroism and courage of a person who ideologically opposes the dictator is elucidated, starting with Peter's fear that the mission will not succeed. He, having lost faith in himself, flees from the Eternal City. However, leaving the city walls behind, the apostle saw Jesus in human form walking towards him. Struck by what he saw, Peter asked the Messiah where he should go: "Come, come?" Jesus replied that since Peter had left his people, he was left with one thing - to go to the crucifixion a second time. True service certainly requires courage. Shaken Peter returns to Rome ...

Courage theme in War and Peace

Russian classical literature is rich in arguments about the essence of heroism. Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy, in his epic novel War and Peace, raised a number of philosophical questions. The writer put his own special arguments into the image of Prince Andrei walking along the path of a warrior. The problem of heroism and courage is painfully rethought and evolves in the minds of the young prince Bolkonsky. His youthful dream - to accomplish a feat - gives way to understanding and comprehending the essence of war. To be a hero, and not to seem - this is how the life priorities of Prince Andrey change after the battle of Shengraben.

Staff officer Bolkonsky realizes that the real hero of this battle is the battery commander Modest, who is lost in the presence of his superiors. The object of ridicule by the adjutants. The battery of the small and puny nondescript captain did not flinch in front of the invincible French, inflicted damage on them and made it possible for the main forces to retreat in an organized manner. Tushin acted on a whim, he did not receive an order to cover the rear of the army. Understanding the essence of war - these were his arguments. The problem of heroism is rethought by Prince Bolkonsky, he abruptly changes his career and, with the assistance of M.I.Kutuzov, becomes a regiment commander. In the battle of Borodino, he, who raised the regiment to attack, is seriously wounded. The body of a Russian officer with a banner in his hands is seen by Napoleon Bonaparte circling around. The reaction of the French emperor is respect: "What a wonderful death!" However, for Bolkonsky, the act of heroism coincides with the realization of the integrity of the world, the importance of compassion.

Harper Lee "To Kill a Mockingbird"

Comprehension of the essence of feat is also present in a number of works of American classics. To Kill a Mockingbird is studied in schools by all little Americans. It contains original discourse on the essence of courage. This idea sounds from the lips of attorney Atticus, a man of honor, taking on a fair, but by no means profitable business. His arguments for the problem of heroism are as follows: courage is when you get down to business, while knowing in advance that you will fail. But all the same, you take it and go to the end. And sometimes you still manage to win.

Melanie by Margaret Mitchell

In the novel about the American South of the 19th century, he creates a unique image of the fragile and sophisticated, but at the same time courageous and brave Lady Melanie.

She is sure that there is something good in all people, and is ready to help them. Her poor, neat home becomes famous in Atlanta thanks to the soulfulness of the owners. In the most dangerous periods of her life, Scarlett receives such help from Melanie that it is impossible to appreciate.

Hemingway on heroism

And of course, one cannot ignore Hemingway's classic story "The Old Man and the Sea", which tells about the nature of courage and heroism. The fight of an elderly Cuban Santiago with a huge fish is reminiscent of a parable. The arguments on the problem of heroism presented by Hemingway are symbolic. The sea is like life, and old man Santiago is like human experience. The writer utters the words that have become the leitmotif of true heroism: “Man was not created to suffer defeat. You can destroy it, but you cannot defeat it! "

Strugatsky brothers "Picnic by the road"

The story introduces its readers to a phantasmagoric situation. Obviously, after the arrival of aliens, an anomalous zone formed on Earth. Stalkers find the "heart" of this zone, which has a unique property. A person who has entered this territory receives a tough alternative: either he dies, or the zone fulfills any of his wishes. The Strugatskys masterfully show the spiritual evolution of the hero who decided on this feat. His catharsis is convincingly shown. The stalker does not have anything selfish, mercantile, he thinks in terms of humanity and, accordingly, asks the zone for “happiness for everyone,” so that there are no deprived ones. What, according to the Strugatskys, is the problem of heroism? Arguments from literature show that it is empty without compassion and humanism.

Boris Polevoy "The Story of a Real Man"

There was a period in the history of the Russian people when heroism became truly massive. Thousands of warriors have immortalized their names. The high title of Hero of the Soviet Union was awarded to eleven thousand soldiers. At the same time, 104 people were awarded them twice. And three people - three times. The first person to receive this high rank was the ace pilot Alexander Ivanovich Pokryshkin. Only on one day - 04/12/1943 - he shot down seven planes of the fascist invaders!

Of course, forgetting and not bringing such examples of heroism to new generations is like a crime. This should be done using the example of Soviet "military" literature - these are the arguments of the USE. The problem of heroism is illuminated for schoolchildren using examples from the works of Boris Polevoy, Mikhail Sholokhov, Boris Vasiliev.

Front correspondent of the Pravda newspaper Boris Polevoy was shocked by the story of the pilot of the 580th fighter regiment, Alexei Maresyev. In the winter of 1942, over the skies of the Novgorod region, he was shot down. The pilot, wounded in the legs, crawled to his own for 18 days. He survived, got there, but his legs were "eaten" by gangrene. Amputation followed. In the hospital, where Alexei was lying after the operation, there was also a political instructor. He managed to ignite Maresyev with a dream - to return to the sky as a fighter pilot. Overcoming pain, Alexei learned not only to walk on prostheses, but also to dance. The apotheosis of the story is the first air battle conducted by the pilot after being wounded.

The medical board "capitulated". During the war, the real Alexei Maresyev shot down 11 enemy aircraft, and most of them - seven - after being wounded.

Soviet writers convincingly disclosed the problem of heroism. Arguments from the literature testify that feats were performed not only by men, but also by women called to serve. Boris Vasiliev's story "The Dawns Here Are Quiet" amazes with its drama. In the Soviet rear, a large sabotage group of fascists, numbering 16 people, landed.

Young girls (Rita Osyanina, Zhenya Komelkova, Sonya Gurevich, Galya Chetvertak), serving at the 171st railway siding under the command of Sergeant Major Fedot Vaskov, die heroically. However, they destroy 11 fascists. The remaining five foreman finds in the hut. He kills one, and captures four. Then he surrenders the prisoners to his own, losing consciousness from fatigue.

"The fate of man"

This story by Mikhail Alexandrovich Sholokhov introduces us to the former Red Army man - the driver Andrei Sokolov. Simple and convincingly revealed by the writer and heroism. There was no need to search for arguments that touch the soul of the reader for a long time. The war brought grief to almost every family. Andrei Sokolov had plenty of it: in 1942 his wife Irina and two daughters were killed (a bomb hit a residential building). The son miraculously survived and after this tragedy he volunteered for the front. Andrei himself fought, was captured by the Nazis, and fled from it. However, a new tragedy awaited him: in 1945, on May 9, a sniper killed his son.

Andrei himself, having lost his entire family, found the strength to start life "from scratch." He adopted the homeless boy Vanya, becoming an adoptive father for him. This moral feat again fills his life with meaning.

Conclusion

These are the arguments for the problem of heroism in classical literature. The latter is really capable of supporting a person, awakening courage in him. Although she is not able to help him financially, she raises a border in his soul, through which Evil cannot cross. This is how Remarque wrote about the books in the Arc de Triomphe. The argumentation of heroism in classical literature occupies a worthy place.

Heroism can also be presented as a social phenomenon of a kind of “self-preservation instinct”, not only of individual life, but of the whole society. A part of society, a separate "cell" - a person (the most worthy deeds perform), consciously, driven by altruism and spirituality, sacrifices himself, preserving something more. Classical literature is one of the tools that helps people understand and comprehend the non-linear nature of courage.