Project counting years in history. Presentation on history "counting years in history." Years, centuries, millennia

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LESSON 3. The passage of time and methods of measuring it. Counting years in history

What is chronology? Calendar Timeline

In addition to the ability to use historical sources, it is important for a historian to have a good sense of time. Think why? chronology Chronology is the science of measuring time and various calendar systems. Studies the movement of celestial bodies and establishes precise astronomical time. Studies methods of measuring and calculating time and the history of the development of the calendar.

Chronology. “chronology” - from ancient Greek means “the science of time.” 10 years - decade 100 years - century 1000 years - millennium 1st century -100 years

Passage of time past present future What units of time do you know? What are they equal to and what are they related to? Arrange time units in ascending order. era day week century year month hour second

Timeline It is customary to use Roman numerals to indicate centuries on the timeline. I-1, V-5, X-10, L-50, C-100, D-500, M-1000 To write 4 before V put I (subtract) = IV To write 9 before X put I (subtract) = IX!

Write in Roman numerals: Roman (Latin) Arabic III 3 XIV 14 XXXIX 39 XL 1050 CCI 201 MDIXCII 1592

Determine what century these dates belong to, why did you decide this? I 5 I 894 I 1900 5 year - 5 years have passed, so this is the 1st century. 894 - 8 centuries have passed and 94 years - the 9th century begins. 1900 - 19 centuries have passed, the first year of the new century has not yet arrived, so it is the 19th century. 99 I 1200 I 1751 I

Calendars. The need to measure time arose a long time ago. In the beginning, the unit of time was the day. But it is inconvenient to measure large periods of time with them. People paid attention to the changing appearance of the Moon and began to measure time by the number of lunar months 1 lunar month = 29.5 days (~30)

Calendars. In Ancient Egypt, farmers calculated that 365 days passed from one Nile flood to another. The Egyptians counted day and night by 12 hours. The inhabitants of Babylon divided an hour into 60 minutes and a minute into 60 seconds. 1 solar year= ~365 days

Calendars. Very often in historical literature there are expressions “according to the old style”, “according to the new style”. This is related to the Julian and Gregorian calendars. Julius Caesar 1st century BC Gregory XIII XVI century. The Gregorian calendar is 13 days ahead of the Julian calendar

1.Retell paragraph 2 and answer the questions. 2.Know the concepts of “Chronology”, “Timeline”, “Calendar”.

Internet resources http://900igr.net/kartinki/istorija/Istorija-khronologija.files/ http://lifeheart.ru wikipedia.org/wiki/ Gaius_Julius_Caesar wikipedia.org/wiki/ Gregory_ XIII

On the topic: methodological developments, presentations and notes

History lesson "Counting the years in history"

The purpose of the lesson: to form students’ ideas about chronological dates as part of historical knowledge; to continue developing the skills of counting years in history. The question of measuring time in years, centuries...

History lesson summary. 5th grade. Lesson topic: Measuring time. Counting years in history.

Lesson topic: Measuring time. Counting years in history. Lesson type: lesson on presenting new material on history in grade 5. Lesson objectives: 1. To form students' idea of...

Slide 1

Counting years in history

Historical chronology Calendar. Our era. Timeline.

Chuprov L.A. Municipal educational institution secondary school No. 3 s. K-Rybolov, Khankaisky district, Primorsky Krai

Slide 2

Historical chronology

Turning to the study of the past, it is easy to notice that we are always interested in when this or that historical figure lived, when a city was founded, or when a war began and ended. Without dates there is no history.

Slide 3

Historians build the past, historical events in a certain sequence in time. This sequence forms a chronology. The word “chronology” itself translated from ancient Greek means “the science of time.” Ten years form a decade. A hundred years add up to a century, or a century. A thousand years makes a thousand years. All of these time period designations are used in history.

Slide 4

Counting time is not just for historians. In everyday life, we count days, weeks, months, years according to the calendar.

What does the word "Chronology" mean? List the periods of time designation in history.

Slide 5

2. Calendar.

The name "calendar" comes from the Latin word "calendarium", meaning "debt book". The fact is that in Ancient Rome, debtors were required to pay interest on debts on the first day of the month - the calendar. They began to keep a calendar so as not to get entangled in debt. A calendar is a system for counting large periods of time.

Mayan calendar

Slide 6

Primitive people did not know the calendar. They celebrated the change of day and night, the alternation of seasons. The creation of the first calendars was also associated with the emergence of the first states. At first, counting was carried out by lunar months, since changes in the lunar disk were easy to see and correlate with certain periods of time. The first solar calendar was invented in Ancient Egypt. And the most accurate calendar was created by the ancient Mayan people in Central America.

Slide 7

Each ancient civilization had its own counting of years; all peoples counted time differently. Scientists had to work a lot to be able to date the events of ancient history according to the calendar we are familiar with.

Ancient Greek calendar

Slide 8

The modern calendar is based on the solar year. A solar year is the duration of one revolution of planet Earth around the Sun. It is 365 days plus approximately 1 hour. When compiling a calendar, it is impossible to accurately take into account this small additional particle of “about 1 hour”. Because of this, even the modern calendar accumulates slight inaccuracy in measuring time over the centuries. It is no coincidence that they are now proposing to introduce a new, more accurate world calendar.

Slide 9

3. Our era.

Of particular importance for the calendar is the event from which time is counted. The main reference point for time according to our modern calendar is the year of the Nativity of Christ. This chronology is called Christian or AD. Sometimes it is also called new era. Our era is usually abbreviated as AD. e. Thus, we live in our era and count the years of our era.

Without knowing the dates, there is no knowledge of history. When studying history, it is important to know when this or that event took place (war, founding of a city, volcanic eruption, flood), which of the two events was earlier, which was later and how many years ago. ? When (approximately) did the earliest people appear on earth? ! More than two million years ago. ! More than two million years ago. ? When did “Homo sapiens” appear? ! 40 thousand years ago. ! 40 thousand years ago.

Measuring time by year? The idea of ​​a year as a period of time arose among ancient farmers. Why do you think? ? The idea of ​​a year as a period of time arose among ancient farmers. Why do you think? The inhabitants of Ancient Egypt were the first in the history of mankind to determine the length of the year. They calculated that 365 days passed from one flood of the Nile to another. The Egyptians counted day and night by 12 hours. The inhabitants of Ancient Egypt were the first to determine the length of the year in human history. They calculated that 365 days pass from one Nile flood to another. The Egyptians counted day and night by 12 hours. Egyptian calendar Mayan calendar Arabic calendar

Counting years in Ancient Rome The chronology of the inhabitants of Rome, one of the oldest cities in the world, was different. The Romans considered the year the city was founded to be the first, the next year to be the second, etc. If a Roman said he was born in 700, what did that mean? Year of foundation of Rome

A century 100 years make a century or a century, a millennium 10 centuries make a millennium. The events of the history of the Ancient world took place many centuries and even millennia ago. For example, agriculture arose 10 thousand years ago, in other words, 10 thousand years or 100 centuries have passed since that time - this is the same thing. The counting of years we use

Arabic numerals are written and Roman numerals underneath them. But not all Roman numerals are written down; you need to fill in the missing ones IV VII V III IX

How many years ago did the Spartacus uprising take place? In 74 BC. The uprising of Spartacus took place. Let's mark this date on the time line = BC. Rise of Spartacus Spartacus

Counting years in history.

Place the events in your life in order.

birth

1 class

7th grade

kindergarten

The result is your personal timeline

The events of the life of all mankind can also be arranged in order. You will get a very long timeline.

Timeline - this is the “road” from the past to the future through the present.

In order to talk about what happened a long time ago or recently, we need words that denote units of time. What units of time do you know?

a week

minute

day

second

month

Counting time

The need to measure time arose a long time ago. In the beginning, the unit of time was the day.

From dawn to dusk = day

From dusk to dawn = night

Together -

day

Counting time

Later, people paid attention to the changing appearance of the Moon and began to measure time by lunar months.

Month (lunar) = 29.5 days

Residents of Mesopotamia divided it into 4 parts - weeks

Counting time

winter

summer

spring

autumn

Larger units of time are required to describe historical events

Century – 100 years.

Millennium – 1000 years.

An era is a period of time of several thousand years.

- 1 century = 100 years

Timeline

Nativity

BC

our era

Find on the timeline: 1st century AD

3rd century BC, 4th century AD

Timeline

How to determine the age?

Close last 2 digits

To what's left to add 1

Determine and write down which century these dates belong to.

• 1147 –
• 1267 –
• 1789 –
• 1088 –
• 2007 –
• 1655 –
• 989 –
• 1947 –

Write down the century in Roman numerals

• 1147 –
• 1267 –
• 1789 –
• 1088 –
• 2007 –
• 1655 –
• 989 –
• 1947 –

Homework

• 1354 –
• 1767 –
• 1989 –
• 1188 –
• 2010 –

Slide 2

Years, centuries, millennia

It's important to know when studying history. When did this or that event happen, what happened earlier and what happened later, and how much time passed between the events. This requires timing. People have long counted time by years, but in history we often have to use longer periods - hundreds and thousands of years.

Slide 3

100 years make a century or a century, 10 centuries make a millennium. The events of the history of the Ancient world took place many centuries and even millennia ago. For example, agriculture arose 10 thousand years ago, in other words, 10 thousand years or 100 centuries have passed since that time - this is the same thing.

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(past) BC AD (future) 1 2 3 41 2 3 4 birth of Jesus Christ 100 years make up a century or century, 10 centuries make up a millennium. The events of the history of the Ancient world took place many centuries and even millennia ago. For example, agriculture arose 10 thousand years ago, in other words, 10 thousand years or 100 centuries have passed since that time - this is the same thing. It is convenient to indicate the sequence of events on a time line.

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How time was counted in ancient times

It is convenient to count historical time in order. But you need to know the starting point. Which year is considered first? Ancient people kept track of time from a memorable event. In the ancient kingdoms, they counted by the years of the reign of the kings. In different countries, different peoples had different numbers of years.

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our era

In our time, there is a counting of time whose starting point is the birth of Jesus Christ. Our era spans 20 centuries. Each year, century, millennium AD has its own serial number. The designation of the time of an event is called a date. For example, 988 - the baptism of Rus', 1147 - the first mention of Moscow in the chronicle, 1794 - the founding of the village of Bryukhovetskaya. Dates can be more accurate when the date, month, and year are indicated. May 9, 1945 - Victory Day in the Great Patriotic War. Centuries are usually designated by special, Roman numerals. For example, the Great Patriotic War took place in the 20th (20th) century.

Slide 7

Counting the years BC

The history of mankind is much longer than our era. Let's say agriculture arose 10 thousand years ago. And our era began only 2 thousand years ago. This means that agriculture appeared 8 thousand years earlier, i.e. even before our era. In other words, agriculture arose in the 8th millennium BC (abbreviated as BC). Writing arose 5 thousand years ago or in the 3rd millennium BC. (5-2). Counting years BC is very convenient. Only their numbering on the time line goes in the opposite direction. For example, after 3 BC. It was 2 BC. etc.

Slide 8

Consolidation

The 1st (1st) century BC began in 100 BC and ended in 1 BC. what year was before 100 BC? What century does it belong to? What year was before 30 BC? What year was next after that? What century came after the 3rd (3rd) century BC? And in front of him? What year was earlier: 40 BC. or 20 AD? How many years earlier? What year was the first year of the 5th (5th) century BC? What year was the last of this century? People learned to smelt copper 7 thousand years ago. In what millennium BC was this?

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