Reasoning-essay on the topic “man at war” based on literary works. A man at war and the truth about him. Based on the prose of K. Vorobyov Cruel realities and romance

Lesson summary “Man at war. The truth about him."

Epigraph for the lesson:

“Telling lies about the war is not only immoral, but also criminal both in relation to millions of its victims and to the future. The people of Earth must know what danger they got rid of, and at what cost this deliverance was achieved.”

(V. Bykov)

Lesson type: lesson on systematization of knowledge (general methodological orientation), (lesson-conference).

Technology: developmental training.

Planned results.

Subject: ability to analyze a work of art; the ability to characterize literary heroes.

Metasubject:

Personal:

Evaluate your own educational activities, develop a positive attitude towards the learning process, apply the rules of business cooperation.

Cognitive:

Understand information, make generalizations, conclusions.

Regulatory:

Accept a learning task, plan your actions, analyze your own activities, evaluate your work and the work of your classmates.

Communicative:

Plan, carry out your work in groups, participate in educational dialogue with the teacher.

Lesson objectives:

Personal

Formation of spiritual and moral qualities, respectful attitude towards Russian literature, pride in the heroism of the people during the Great Patriotic War;

improving the ability to solve cognitive problems using various sources of information.

Metasubject

develop the ability to understand a problem and put forward a hypothesis;

develop the ability to select material to argue one’s own position and formulate conclusions;

develop the ability to work with different sources of information.

Subject

develop the ability to understand the connection of literary works with the era of their writing, to identify the timeless moral values ​​inherent in the work and their modern meaning;

develop the ability to understand and formulate the theme and idea of ​​the work, the moral pathos of the work;

develop the ability to characterize heroes, compare heroes of one or more works;

consolidation of the skill of answering questions about the text read, conducting a dialogue, developing oral coherent speech, and expressive reading skills;

consolidation of the ability to write an essay related to the problems of the studied work.

Means of education:

Computer, projector, presentation, texts of works of art, portraits of writers: A.T. Tvardovsky, Vasiliev, Yu. Drunina, exhibition of books about the war.

Methods and techniques:

Verbal, visual and practical, self-control.

Students prepare assignments for the lesson:

1 group “Documentary filmmakers”. They select material about writers and works.

Group 2 “Musicians”. They select songs about the Great Patriotic War and music for the lesson.

Group 3 “Readers”. They prepare expressive readings of poems by famous poets, poems of their own composition, excerpts from works, and role-playing readings of fragments of works.

As the lesson progresses, students fill out the table “Man at War. The truth about him."

The hero of the poem Vasily Terkin

A generalized image of a Soviet soldier, bold, courageous...

2 Vasiliev “And the dawns here are quiet”

Heroes of the story Fedot Vaskov, five girls: Rita Osyanina, Zhenya Komelkova, Lisa Brichkina, Galina Chetvertak, Sonya Gurvich

3 Heroes-compatriots, participants in the war.

During the classes.

A song about the Great Patriotic War is playing.

"Our tenth airborne battalion"

Music: B. Okudzhava, lyrics: B. Okudzhava

The birds don't sing here,

Trees don't grow

And only us, shoulder to shoulder,

We're growing into the ground here.

The planet is burning and spinning,

There is smoke over our Motherland,

And that means we need one victory,

One for all - we won’t stand behind the price.

A deadly fire awaits us,

And yet he is powerless.

Our tenth airborne battalion.

As soon as the battle died down,

Another order sounds

And the postman will go crazy

Looking for us.

A red rocket takes off

The machine gun hits tirelessly,

And that means we need one victory,

One for all - we won’t stand behind the price.

A deadly fire awaits us,

And yet he is powerless.

Doubts away, goes away into the night separately,

Our tenth airborne battalion.

Our tenth airborne battalion.

From Kursk and Orel

The war has brought us

Right up to the enemy gates.

That's how things are, brother.

Someday we will remember this

And I won’t believe it myself.

And now we need one victory,

One for all - we won’t stand behind the price.

One for all - we won’t stand behind the price!

A deadly fire awaits us,

And yet he is powerless.

Doubts away, goes away into the night separately,

Our tenth airborne battalion.

Our tenth airborne battalion.

1969

Organizational stage of the lesson. Motivation for learning activities.

Teacher's opening remarks:

“The planet is burning and spinning, there is smoke above our Motherland!” These disturbing words from Bulat Okudzhava’s song are closely related to the topic of our lesson. What will we talk about in our lesson on the eve of the great holiday of Victory Day? Let's define a topic. (The Great Patriotic War. Man at war.) What do you think is the role of such an important lesson for each of us? What responsibility do writers of war stories have on themselves? (Depict events realistically, truthfully...)

The epigraph to our lesson is the words of the Soviet writer V. Bykov, who said:

“Telling lies about the war is not only immoral, but also criminal both in relation to millions of its victims and to the future. The people of Earth must know what danger they got rid of, and at what cost this deliverance was achieved.” How do you understand the words of a wonderful writer? (The writer must talk about the warthe truth).

Our lesson is dedicated to works about the Great Patriotic War. What works will we remember? (A.T. Tvardovsky’s poem “Vasily Terkin” and B. Vasiliev’s story “And the dawns here are quiet”, poems by Yu. Drunina “Zinka”, R. Verzakova “War does not have a woman’s face”). And the main hero in war is man. Let's write down the topic of the lesson in the notebook “Man at War. The truth about him."

Goal setting.

What are the goals of our lesson?

The purpose of our lesson is to understand the pain that the world suffered during the Great Patriotic War. Know at what cost the victory was won. Identify the problems that concern the authors of works... Systematize the material for an essay-reasoning...

What do youmust know for a literature lesson?

The content, the characters of the work, the time depicted in the work, the genre of the work, basic information about the authors of the work. Whatmust be able to ? Retell, characterize characters, read expressively, compare works by different authors...

Our lesson type: lesson-conference.

Whichform of work chosen? (Group). What did each group prepare for the lesson?

1 group “Documentary filmmakers”. We selected material about writers and works. Prepared presentations for the lesson. (Research work)

Group 2 “Musicians”. We selected songs about the Great Patriotic War and music for the lesson.

Group 3 “Readers”. They prepared expressive readings of poems by famous poets, poems of their own composition, excerpts from works, and role-playing readings of fragments of works. (Creative tasks)

During the lesson, we fill out the table “Man at War. The truth about him. Characteristics of heroes". The tables are in front of you. At the end of the lesson, evaluate each other’s work. (Mutual check, mutual assessment)

Updating knowledge and fixing difficulties in a trial action. Identifying the location and cause of the problem. Building a project for getting out of a problem.

Where can you apply the knowledge acquired in the lesson? (On the exam, in an argumentative essay) What points in writing an argumentative essay cause you difficulty? What are their reasons? What are the main requirements for an argumentative essay? You are familiar with the outline of an argumentative essay. It is in front of you on your desk, you will use it when writing an essay at home, using examples from literature and from life experience, which you will enrich today.

Primary consolidation in external speech.

Now let’s remember works about the Great Patriotic War. Let's talk about the feat of soldiers and officers. Let's find answers to the questions:

How was the heroism of people manifested during the Great Patriotic War? What truth did the authors of the works tell us about the war?

Which work reflected the high spirit of the Soviet soldier?

Student presentation.

Message from the first group “Documentalists” about Tvardovsky’s poem “Vasily Terkin”, about Orest Vereisky’s painting “Portrait of Tyorkin”, about the history of its composition. (Interdisciplinary connections).

Teacher:

How do you see Vasily Terkin in Vereisky’s portrait? At what moment do you think it was captured?

(Oral description of the painting)

Teacher:

Thanks for the presentation and interesting message. Guys, what new did you learn from the performance of this group? Does your idea of ​​Vasily Tyorkin match this portrait?

Students’ independent work on the chapter “On Loss.”

Teacher:

Let us recall some chapters from the poem “Vasily Terkin”, in which the real character of the hero was clearly revealed. What chapter would you like to focus on today?

Student report on the chapter “On Loss.”

Teacher:

Let's seedramatization of the chapter "About loss." Let us note the main character traits of the fighter Vasily Terkin.

The fighter lost his pouch,

I fawned over it - no and no.

The fighter says:

(Fighter:)

- It's a shame.

So many troubles suddenly befallen:

Lost my family. OK.

No, you're wearing a pouch!

Lost somewhere

Grab-grab, the trace is gone.

I lost both my yard and my hut.

Fine. And here is the pouch.

If only the years were young,

And not forty whole years...

Lost my dear lands,

Everything in the world and a pouch.

He looked around with longing:

- Without a pouch, it’s like without hands.

- Without a tobacco pouch at the shag

The taste is not the same anymore. Weak!

This is fate, Comrade Terkin.

(Vasily Terkin:)

- Without a pouch, of course

You're not the same fighter anymore.

Since a pouch is a military item,

Well, mine won't fit?

Accept that I'm a good guy.

I'm not sorry. I won't get lost.

They'll give me five more pieces

In the coming year,

He takes a shabby pouch,

Like a child, I’m happy about the new thing...

And then Vasily Terkin,

As if I remembered:

- Listen, brother,

There is no shame in losing your family -

It wasn't your fault.

It's a shame to lose your head,

Well, that's what war is for.

Lose the tobacco pouch,

If there is no one to sew, -

I don’t argue, it’s also bitter,

It's hard, but you can live,

Survive the misfortune

Hold tobacco in your fist,

But Russia, the old mother,

There is no way we can lose.

Our grandfathers, our children,

Our grandchildren do not order.

How many years have we been living in the world?

A thousand?.. More! That's it, brother!

How long to live in the world -

A year, or two, or a thousand years, -

You and I are responsible for everything.

That's it, brother! And you are a pouch...

Teacher:

What qualities What do you appreciate about Vasily Terkin’s character? (Understands what responsibility lies on his shoulders).

Teacher:

How do we see the main character in this chapter and in other chapters?

Presentation “Vasily Terkin – Defender of the Motherland.”

Students name the main character traits of a literary hero, determine what truth the author of the work is telling us about, talk about the continuity of generations, and draw a conclusion.

Teacher:

Inclusion in the knowledge system and repetition.

Teacher:

Veterans of the Great Patriotic War live next to us. We know their names and express our deep gratitude to them for the peaceful sky. Many, unfortunately, are no longer with us, but their memory lives on. Let us remember our fellow countrymen who brought Victory closer.

The song sounds: “Sometimes there are no names left from the heroes of bygone times...” (Mark Bernes).

Sometimes there are no names left of the heroes of bygone times.

Those who fought a difficult battle became just dirt and grass.

Only their formidable valor settled in the hearts of the living.

This eternal flame has been bequeathed to us alone. We keep it in our chests.

Look at my fighters, the whole world remembers their faces

Now the battalion is frozen in line, I recognize old friends again.

Even though they are not twenty-five, they had to go through a difficult path.

These are those who rose up with hostility as one. Those who took Berlin.

There is no family in Russia where its hero is not remembered.

And the eyes of young soldiers from photographs of faded ones look.

This look is like the highest court for the children who are growing up now.

And the boys can neither lie, nor deceive, nor turn aside from the path

Student withpresentation “Our fellow countrymen, participants in the war.” A message about fellow countrymen, participants in the war.

Teacher:

Is continuity preserved between generations in our time? (Young men serve in the Russian army). Many of your peers dream of joining the army; they choose the most courageous profession - to defend the Motherland! Among them are your classmates. Now they will tell us why they chose the military profession. (Alumni Stories)

Teacher:

War...The Great Patriotic War...We have no right to forget about the price at which peace was won... “War is not fireworks at all, but simply hard work,” wrote front-line poet M. Kulchitsky. And this difficult work was performed not only by men, but also by women, girls, and yesterday’s schoolgirls. This is also the truth about war, the bitter truth...

Students' report about women in the army during the Great Patriotic War, about what their military professions were. (Research work).

Teacher:

It was to them, fragile and strong, sweet, brave, selflessly loving the Motherland, that front-line soldier Boris Vasiliev dedicated the work “And the Dawns Here Are Quiet...”. This is one of the best and truest, sincere works about a woman in war.

The music of Frederic François Chopin “The Garden of Eden” (Tenderness) sounds

Speech by students about the work of B. Vasiliev, about the problem he addresses in the story “And the dawns here are quiet...”... (Slides depicting a portrait of the writer, girls - the heroines of the work)

Teacher:

Where does the story take place?

Students give a summary of the work.

Teacher:

Let's introduce each girl. Let's try to understand the origins of their heroism. (5 girls and Vaskov come to the board, all in military uniform). On the screen there are slides with pictures of girls.

Zhenya Komelkova, Rita Osyanina, Lisa Brichkina, Galina Chetvertak, Sonya Gurvich.(Students’ story about the fate of the girls).

Students draw a conclusion about the origins of girls' heroism.

Teacher:

What feelings does Fedot Vaskov experience after the death of all the girls? (Students' reasoning).

In his poem “I know, it’s not my fault...” Alexander Tvardovsky writes about this bitter feeling like this:

(Expressive reading of a poem to students)

I know it's not my fault

The fact that others did not come from the war,

The fact that they - some older, some younger -

We stayed there, and it’s not about the same thing,

That I could, but failed to save them, -

That's not what this is about, but still, still, still...

Teacher:

The poem by poetess Yulia Drunina “Zinka” echoes B. Vasiliev’s story. It also explores the theme of women in war. The same pain, the same tragedy...What war brings!

A student with a message about the poetess, about the poem “Zinka.”

Presentation.

Slide with a picture of Yulia Drunina. Photo of a nurse carrying a wounded soldier from the battlefield.

Teacher:

Let’s listen to Yu. Drunina’s poem “Zinka” and compare it with B. Vasiliev’s story “And the dawns here are quiet.”

The poem “Zinka” (Yu. Drunina) is read. Reading in faces.

We lay down near a broken fir tree.

We are waiting for it to start getting brighter

It's warmer for two under an overcoat

On chilled, rotten ground

You know, Yulka, I am against sadness,

But today it doesn't count.

At home, in the apple tree outback,

Mom, my mother lives.

You have friends, darling,

I only have one.

The house smells of sauerkraut and smoke,

Spring is bubbling beyond the threshold.

It seems old: every bush

A restless daughter is waiting...

You know, Yulka, I am against sadness,

But today it doesn't count.

We barely warmed up.

Suddenly an unexpected order: “Forward!”

Again next to me in a damp overcoat

The blonde soldier is walking

Every day it became worse.

They walked without rallies or banners.

Surrounded near Orsha

Our battered battalion

Zinka led us on the attack,

We made our way through the black rye,

Along funnels, along gullies,

Through mortal boundaries.

We didn't expect posthumous fame.

We wanted to live with glory.

…Why in bloody bandages

The blonde soldier lies

Her body with her overcoat

I covered it, clenching my teeth

The Belarusian winds sang

About Ryazan wilderness gardens

You know, Zinka, I am against sadness,

But today it doesn't count.

Somewhere, in the apple tree outback,

Mom, momyours lives.

I have friends, my love,

She had you alone.

The house smells like bread and smoke,

Spring is just around the corner.

And an old lady in a flowery dress

She lit a candle at the icon.

I don't know how to write to her

So that she doesn't wait for you.

Teacher:

What unites B. Vasiliev’s story and Yulia Drunina’s poem?

In the name of what did the girls die?

The music of Frederic François Chopin “The Garden of Eden” (Tenderness) is playing.

Expressive recitation by heart poems by R. Verzakova

“War does not have a woman’s face”

At least a woman's name is included in it.

War contradicts the essence of a woman,

God did not give her love for murder.

A woman has her power over the world -

Longing for love, fiery passion.

And women’s destiny is to keep the hearth.

Extending life is a step into infinity.

Wait for the man to go home; endure need.

Use gentle hands to prevent trouble.

And keep your beloved porch clean,

Raise children in the traditions of their fathers.

No! War does not have a woman's face.

Teacher: Among our veterans of the Great Patriotic War there are also women. As young girls, they went to the front and fought in the same ranks with men for their Motherland. It is impossible not to remember them.

A student with a presentation “Our fellow countrywomen, participants in the war.”

Teacher:

Literary and real heroes... There is such a fine line between them!

The lives of literary heroes reflected the fates of real people.

The Great Patriotic War touched every family with its fiery wing. You remember your grandfathers and great-grandfathers from photographs that are carefully stored in family albums, from the stories of relatives... You remember them, sacredly keep them in your heart, you will pass on the memory of them to future generations. You could write a book about each of them. And you dedicate your poems to your dear people. You will tell us about them today.(Students reading poems of their own composition)

Reflection.

Teacher: Guys, our conversation about works about war, about a person at war is coming to an end. What did you learn from today's lesson? What did you teach? What did it make you think about? Have the goals set at the beginning of the lesson been achieved?

We need to make a decision.

(Remember the feat of our people, preserve peace on Earth...)

Homework.

A mandatory task for everyone. Using the lesson material, write an essay-argument in Unified State Exam format based on the text about the war by Vladimir Bogomolov, “The Flight of the Swallows.”

Assignments of varying difficulty levels to choose from: a creative task (write a poem on the topic of the lesson) or make a test based on the works you read.

(Based on one of the works of modern literature.)

The Great Patriotic War was the most difficult war that our people have ever had to endure in its centuries-old history. The war was the greatest test and test of the strength of the people, and our people passed this test with honor. The war was also the most serious test for all Soviet literature, which during the days of the war showed the whole world that it does not and cannot have interests above the interests of the people.

Wonderful works were written by M. Sholokhov, A. Fadeev, A. Tolstoy, K. Simonov, A. Tvardovsky and many other writers.

A special place among the works of the period of the Great Patriotic War is occupied by M. Sholokhov’s story “The Science of Hatred,” published in June 1942.

In this story, the author shows how the feeling of love for the Motherland and people matures and grows stronger in Soviet people, how contempt and hatred for the enemy matures. The writer creates a typical image of a war participant - Lieutenant Gerasimov, in which he embodies the best features of the warring Soviet people.

In his previous works, Sholokhov painted amazing pictures of Russian nature, which he never used as a background for action, but always helped to reveal deeper and more fully the human character and psychological experiences of the heroes.

The story begins with a description of nature. Already with his first phrase, Sholokhov brings man closer to nature and thereby emphasizes that she did not remain indifferent to the difficult struggle that had begun: “In war, trees, like people, each have their own destiny.” In this story, the image of an oak tree crippled by a shell, which, despite the gaping wound, continues to live, has a symbolic meaning: “The torn, gaping hole dried up half the tree, but the second half, bent by the gap to the water, miraculously came to life in the spring and was covered with fresh leaves. And to this day, probably, the lower branches of the crippled oak bathe in flowing water, and the upper ones still greedily attract juicy, tight leaves to the sun...” The oak, broken by a shell, but retaining its vital juices, makes it possible to better reveal and understand the character of the main character of the lieutenant’s story Gerasimova.

Already the first acquaintance of readers with the hero allows us to conclude that he is a courageous man with enormous willpower, who has endured a lot and changed his mind.

Viktor Gerasimov is a hereditary worker. Before the war, he worked at one of the factories in Western Siberia. He was drafted into the army in the first months of the war. The whole family instructs him to fight his enemies until victory.

From the very beginning of the war, the working man Gerasimov was overcome by a feeling of hatred for the enemy, who had destroyed the peaceful life of the people and plunged the country into the abyss of a bloody war.

At first, the Red Army soldiers treated the captured Germans kindly, called them “comrades,” treated them to cigarettes, and fed them from their kettles. Then Sholokhov shows how our soldiers and commanders went through a kind of school of hatred during the war against the Nazis.

Our troops expelled the Nazis from the temporarily occupied territory found terrible traces of fascist rule. It is impossible to read descriptions of the monstrous atrocities of enemies without shuddering: “... Villages burned to the ground, hundreds of executed women, children, old people, mutilated corpses of captured Red Army soldiers, raped and brutally murdered women, girls and teenage girls...” These atrocities shocked the soldiers who understood that the fascists are not people, but blood-crazed fanatics.

Severe, inhuman trials befell Lieutenant Gerasimov, who was captured. Describing the hero's behavior in captivity, the writer reveals new character traits inherent in the Russian person. Wounded and having lost a lot of blood, Gerasimov retains his self-esteem and is full of contempt and hatred for the enemy.

The lieutenant has one desire - not to die. In a column of prisoners, barely moving his legs, he thinks about escape. Great joy covers Gerasimov and makes him forget about thirst and physical suffering, when the Nazis do not find his party card, this gives him courage and perseverance in the most difficult days of captivity.

The story depicts a camp in which the Germans kept prisoners, where “they were subjected to the most severe tortures, where there was no latrine and people defecated here and stood and lay in the mud and ominous muck. The most weakened did not get up at all. Water and food were given once a day. Some days they completely forgot to give anything...” But no atrocities, writes Sholokhov, could break the powerful spirit in the Russian people, quench the stubborn thirst for revenge.

The lieutenant endured a lot, many times he looked death in the eyes, and death itself, defeated by the courage of this man, retreated. “The Nazis could kill us, unarmed and weakened from hunger, they could torture us, but they could not break our spirit, and they never will!” This tenacity of the Russian man and indestructible courage helped Gerasimov escape from captivity. The lieutenant was picked up by the partisans. For two weeks he regained his strength and participated with them in combat operations.

Then he was transported to the rear, to the hospital. After treatment, he soon goes to the front again.

“The Science of Hate” ends with Gerasimov’s words about hatred and love: “... And we learned to fight for real, and to hate, and to love. On such a touchstone as war, all feelings are perfectly honed... I deeply hate the Germans for everything that they caused to my Motherland and to me personally, and at the same time I love my people with all my heart and do not want them to have to suffer under the German yoke. This is what makes me, and all of us, fight with such ferocity; it is these two feelings, embodied in action, that will lead us to victory.”

The image of Lieutenant Gerasimov is one of the first generalizing images in the literature of the Great Patriotic War.

The peculiarity of his character is that he always feels like a son of the people, a son of the Motherland. It is this feeling of belonging to the great army of the Russian people, the feeling of selfless love for his Motherland and responsibility for its fate that gives Gerasimov the strength not only to endure all the horrors of captivity, but also to escape in order to once again join the ranks of the avengers for all the atrocities that the Nazis brought to our country .

And the story quite convincingly compares the fate of the lieutenant with the fate of a mighty oak tree, crippled by a shell, but retaining its strength and will to live. And how majestically beautiful is the image of a Russian man who went through the difficult trials that befell him and retained an inexhaustible faith in victory and the desire to continue the war until the victorious defeat of fascism!

Bibliography

To prepare this work, materials were used from the site http://www.coolsoch.ru/

The school curriculum includes works of military prose. Students discuss and analyze books by Soviet writers. And then they write an essay on the topic “Man at War.” What sources can you use to complete this creative activity?

"Killed near Moscow"

One of the works on the basis of which teachers recommend writing an essay on the topic “Man at War” is the story by Konstantin Vorobyov. “Killed near Moscow” is one of the famous books telling about the defense of the Soviet capital in 1941.

The main character of the story is Alexey Yastrebov. The lieutenant bravely and selflessly fights against the German invaders. The author realistically and accurately described the situation at the front in the first period of the war. The appearance of the soldiers and their life are reliably conveyed. It is not easy to fight for the Motherland when there are not enough machine guns, and there are only grenades, bottles of gasoline and self-loading rifles. The hero of Vorobyov's story experiences disgust and fear as he approaches the German. After all, he is the same person...

Vorobyov’s book shows not only the feat, but also simple human emotions: fear, cowardice. Yastrebov meets both heroes and deserters. An essay on the topic “Human Behavior in War” requires preparation, that is, reading various works of Russian literature.

Of course, eyewitnesses and participants of the Second World War can say the best about the events of 1941-1945. Konstantin Vorobyov went through the war. He was shell-shocked and escaped from captivity twice. Soviet critics called the book “Killed near Moscow” slanderous. There was too much truth and not enough pathos in it. An essay on the topic “Man at War” should be written precisely under the impression of such honest, reliable works.

"Sashka"

Kondratiev's story shows the war through the eyes of a young man from a simple Moscow family. The culminating event in the book is the moment when the hero is faced with a choice: follow the order of the commander or remain human, but go to court.

Kondratiev depicted in some detail the details of military life. A pack of concentrate, soggy potatoes, stale flat cakes - all these are components of front-line life. But as already mentioned, it is the climax of the story that will help in completing such a creative task as an essay on the topic “Man at War.”

At the front, time passed catastrophically quickly. Military events carried a person along with them, sometimes leaving him no choice. By order of the battalion commander, Sashka must shoot a prisoner - a young soldier just like him.

An essay-reasoning on the topic “Man at War” is written based on various works of military prose. However, Kondratiev’s story shows the doubts of a Soviet soldier like nowhere else. If Sashka shoots a German, he will change his moral convictions. If he refuses, he will become a traitor in the eyes of his fellow soldiers.

"Sotnikov"

The theme of war occupies a central place in the works. The writer touched upon such problems as conscience and loyalty to one’s duty. However, above all he was interested in the theme of heroism. And not its external manifestation, but the way the soldier comes to it. An essay on the topic “The Feat of Man in War” should be written after reading the story “Sotnikov.”

A long life in a peaceful, calm time sometimes does not give a person the opportunity to find out who he is - a hero or a coward. War puts everything in its place. She leaves no room for doubt. The disclosure of this complex philosophical topic is a characteristic feature of Bykov’s work. That is why an essay on the topic “War in Human Life” should be written based on one of the works of the Soviet classic.

“And the dawns here are quiet”

This story is somewhat unique. War is an anti-human phenomenon. But its deadly essence is perceived as especially terrible in contrast with women’s fate. It is perhaps impossible to write an essay on the topic “War in the fate of man” without mentioning Vasiliev’s story. In the book “And the Dawns Here Are Quiet,” the author conveyed the absurdity of such a phenomenon as a woman at war.

The heroines of the story are just beginning to live. Only one of them managed to experience motherhood - their main purpose in life. The young anti-aircraft gunners from Vasiliev’s story die defending their Motherland. They accomplish a feat. But each of them had their own hopes and dreams.

The key point in the book is the description of the last minutes of Zhenya Kamelkova’s life. The girl leads the Germans with her, realizes that death is already near, and suddenly realizes how stupid and absurd it is to die at eighteen.

The story of the death of anti-aircraft gunners in the Karelian forests helps children and teenagers born more than half a century after the Great Victory to understand the horror of war. Therefore, you should read Vasiliev’s book not only before writing an essay on a given topic.

“Not on the lists”

Millions of stories about military feats are told by eyewitnesses. The same number are consigned to oblivion. About twenty-five million Soviet people died during the war. And the worst thing is that not everyone’s fate is known. In the story “Not on the Lists,” the author talked about a man whose name is unknown. He fought in the early days of the war. Spent almost a year in the Brest Fortress. He received no letters from home, and his name is not engraved on one of the mass graves of which there are monstrously many in our country. But he was.

"The Living and the Dead"

Simonov's trilogy is another item on the list of required literature about the war. This writer is the founder of the panoramic novel about the Second World War. “The Living and the Dead” is a book that is distinguished by its breadth of coverage and depiction of various destinies. Man at war is the central theme of Simonov's novel. But the merit of this writer was not only the depiction of people during the tragic period of Russian history. The author of “The Living and the Dead” tried to answer the following questions: what was the reason for the failure of the Soviet army in the first years of the war, how did the cult of Stalin affect human destinies?

"Cursed and Killed"

Astafiev spoke about the military events years later. The book “Cursed and Killed” was created in the early nineties. This work is a kind of look into the past. However, the brightness and authenticity of the wartime picture, despite the age, is present in the book. The author immerses the reader in an atmosphere of cold, hunger, fear and disease. Modern schoolchildren should have a correct understanding of war. After all, its components are not only feat and courage. Astafiev’s book is not easy to read, but necessary.

"The Fate of Man"

Modern critics question the authenticity of Sholokhov's story. As is known, the Soviet soldier, after being in captivity, had no opportunity to hope for leniency. According to many historical data, the hero of the story “The Fate of Man” could have been shot in the very first days of returning to his own people. But Sokolov survived the escape.

Despite the obvious unreliability and, as the writer and former dissident A. Solzhenitsyn put it, “falsehood,” Sholokhov’s book has high literary value. You should definitely read it before writing your written work.

The theme of war in “The Fate of Man” by Sholokhov is revealed with extraordinary tragedy. An essay can be written based on the second part of the work. It shows the consequences of war. After all, it does not end after victory is declared. Its consequences are felt by both combatants and even their children.

To prepare for writing an essay, it is also recommended to familiarize yourself with the works of Bondarev, Grossman, and Adamovich.

Veshchikova Anatoly

The work was written by a thinking person who loves to read good books and reflect on them.

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A man at war.

Competition essay

Pupils 10 in class Veshchikova Anatolia.

“War is... the most disgusting thing in life,” wrote Leo Tolstoy. Unfortunately, not everyone understands this undeniable truth. When will humanity say “no” to a war that can turn people born to live as brothers into wild animals?

Returning from the fronts of the Great Patriotic War, our great-grandfathers and grandfathers could not imagine that their great-grandchildren would have to fight. But the Afghan events, in which over fifteen thousand soldiers and officers died, and two wars in Chechnya are already behind us. Did Soviet soldiers die on the battlefields of Moscow and Leningrad, Stalingrad and Kursk so that people would die decades after the end of the Great Patriotic War? No, each of us is born on Earth to live. We must fight with all our might for peace, which, according to Anatole France, is needed so that “man can grow into a man.”

Many books about various wars have been written by Russian and foreign classics, but the story “Sashka” by Vyacheslav Kondratyev made the strongest impression on me.

This work does not contain large-scale paintings of the Great Patriotic War, although the book is dedicated to “all those who fought near Rzhev - living and dead.” There are few battle scenes in the story; the writer's attention is focused on the individual. Kondratyev seeks to find out how an ordinary soldier manages to maintain high moral qualities in spite of difficult circumstances.

The writer does not even give the main character of the story a last name. Kondratyev wants to show that Sashka does not stand out from the crowd, he is just one of many defenders of the Fatherland, and not an exceptional person.

In my opinion, the image of Sashka is a great creative success of the author of the work. When you read the story, you involuntarily catch yourself thinking that Kondratieff’s hero is a luminous person, endearing, inspiring complete trust.

We first meet Sashka when he takes up his night post, having a “worthless partner” who “it stings here and itches in another place.” But the fighter believes that his comrade is not a malingerer, but “a truly ill and weak man from hunger,” so he sends him to rest in a hut. Sashka’s humanity immediately captivates the reader. While on patrol, the soldier thinks about his commander, who was left without shoes, and the soldier wants to take off the felt boots from the killed German for his lieutenant. Sashka is able not only to take care of the company commander, but also to help him out in difficult times. So, during a battle, a soldier sees the confused face of the commander, who cocks the bolt of his machine gun while moving, but he is “silent.” Sashka understands that the company commander shot the disk, so he gives his ammunition to the officer, not thinking that he himself may not have enough cartridges.

The hero of V. Kondratiev is a thinking person. He understands the reasons for the failures of the Red Army at the front: “the German is still stronger and fights cautiously, does not scatter people, and is careful at night.” Sashka is clear that the retreat of the Soviet troops is caused not only by a “lack of shells and mines,” but also by the inability of commanders and privates to fight properly. Understanding this, the hero of the story still believes in victory and honestly fulfills his soldier’s duty, although at first he perceives the war romantically.

Sashka dreams of accomplishing a feat while still “sitting in the rear” in the Far East. Vanity thoughts leave the hero only when he gets to the front. On the front line, it becomes clear to Sashka that war is hard, intense work, constant meetings face to face with death. A soldier at the front is scared, but Sashka does not tremble for his life, does not try to hide behind someone else’s back. He thinks least of himself. The author describes the hero’s behavior in extreme situations in such a way that the reader takes Sashka’s actions for granted. According to the fighter, a man is the protector of everyone who is physically weaker. Sashka does not see anything heroic in saving nurse Zina from certain death by covering her with his body during the bombing. The fighter likes the girl, but she loves another person. Sashka recognizes everyone’s right to build life in their own way. Having learned that it is not he who is dear to Zina, the hero of V. Kondratyev’s story finds the strength in himself to get out of the way of his beloved woman, and does not hold a grudge against her: “...Zina is uncondemned... It’s just war...”.

The author, in my opinion, very successfully uses one artistic device in the story. The writer talks about Sashka’s everyday life at the front, but he looks at everything that happens through the eyes of the hero. Once upon a time, Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky observed Raskolnikov’s actions, as if being in his restless inner world. V. Kondratiev continues the tradition of the great classic and penetrates deeply into the psychology of the hero, although the writer gives very little dialogue between Sashka and himself.

The most striking episode in the story is the battalion commander’s interrogation of a captured German brought by Sashka to headquarters. The fascist is silent, and the captain gives the order to shoot the Nazi. The soldier grabs the prisoner by the chest and shouts: “Speak, you bastard! They will kill!” Sashka is not thinking about himself at the moment. A soldier who, in the presence of an officer, tries to save the life of an enemy risks being court-martialed. What makes the hero of the story take such a step? A Russian soldier does not want to be a liar even in the eyes of a fascist. After all, Sashka showed the German a leaflet in which it was written that prisoners in the Red Army were not shot. The Soviet soldier knows the value of human life. He cannot kill an unarmed enemy. What moral height must a person rise to in order to defend his own rightness at risk! And Sashka fights for the truth and wins. The battalion commander reverses his decision and orders the fascist to be taken to division headquarters.

A lot can be said about V. Kondratiev’s hero. The writer turned out this image to be bright and memorable. When you read the story, you involuntarily catch yourself thinking that our people won the war against the Nazis because people like Sashka were in the majority. Their fate at the front is not easy, but even in the most difficult situations one must remain human.

Sashka, like Gogol’s hero Taras Bulba, for whom “there is no bond more holy than comradeship,” will go to any test for a friend. I would like to have a comrade like Sashka, but, unfortunately, he is a literary hero, not a real person.

The story has an open ending. We part with Sashka when he arrives in Moscow, from where he has a long journey home. Will this wonderful man survive the war? Will he return home after victory? I would like to hope that he will survive, that he will survive. Sashka is a strong-willed man, a brave warrior, a patriot. If a soldier is destined to die, then, in my opinion, he will accept death like a real hero and will not compromise the honor and dignity of a Russian soldier. And then people will remember Sashka, because, as James Aldridge said, “... a man who dies for a just cause leaves his mark. And we partly live at his expense, paid for by his blood, his death. Therefore, he, in essence, continues to live, because we owe him too much to forget him... No one is forgotten and nothing is forgotten.”

(Based on works of Russian literature of the 20th century)

Vivid and lively pages about the war were created by K. Simonov, B. Polevoy, Yu. Bondarev, V. Grossman and many other writers.

But among them there are authors who described not so much the war itself, but analyzed human behavior during it, penetrating deeply into the mechanism of his actions. They wanted to understand why the most ordinary person, finding himself in extreme conditions, can despise danger and step into immortality. What motivated the actions of such people? I want to think about this

Analyzing Fyodor Tendryakov’s story “The Day That Displaced Life...”. I liked it because the war is shown without embellishment, truthfully.

“The day that supplanted life...” is yesterday’s schoolchild’s first day in the war.

Only one day is described, but it replaced the entire previous life, where school, exams, a fire by the river and many happy days remained. That's why the story is called that.

Ahead lies the unknown, perhaps death. The hero Tenkov has seen films about the war, but his impressions of it do not coincide with what he sees. There are burnt tanks around, craters from mines and shells, the ground disfigured by tank tracks

And killed German soldiers.

But these soldiers do not evoke hatred and malice, but only “embarrassing pity”; “I stood over the enemy and felt only disgust... But disgust is not in the soul, my bodily insides are disgusted, and an uninvited, embarrassing pity seeps into the soul.” Sergeant Tenkov remembers his father killed in the war, but even after that hatred does not boil in him.

I would like to believe that this pity will remain in the hero, although the war will change him too. It changes everything: people, their destinies, characters, lives. Nobody knows how a person will behave in an extreme situation. This is clearly seen in the images of Sashka Glukharev and Ninkin.

Sashka, who seemed brave and courageous, turned out to be a coward, and Ninkin, who was inconspicuous and inconspicuous in life, fulfilled his duty and died as a hero. But the price of his life is not a hundred Germans, but just a bayonet shovel.

This first death was remembered for a long time by the main character of the story. He remembers her even after the war, although over the years he has seen many deaths, even more heroic than this. Feat is self-sacrifice. But a person does not always realize that he is doing a great deed - he simply cannot do otherwise, this action seems natural to him and the only right one.

Anyone can accomplish a feat, but not everyone finds the strength to overcome fear, just as Glukharev could not. War changes the psyche and moral principles of people. At some point in the battle, the previous values ​​suddenly become insignificant. At this moment of turning point, a person is capable of anything. His life fades into the background, and in its place something greater arises - the fate of the others. That's when the feat is accomplished. This is exactly what happens to Ninkin.

Tendryakov was able to show how war affects people differently; this is precisely the main pathos of his story. It affects a person’s attitude towards life because it is unnatural for him, invades his destiny and breaks it.

“War is an event contrary to human reason and all human nature.” These words belong to Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy. Written about another war - 1812. And although it was also liberating and fair for the Russian people, the weapons in it were less terrible. But she is just as inhuman and cruel.

The feat of man is the focus of attention of another writer who passed through the front roads - Konstantin Vorobyov. The main idea of ​​his story “Killed near Moscow” is insight from spiritual blindness, overcoming the fear of death.

The writer stops every now and then to fix our attention on a consonant, dashing step, almost as if in a parade of a marching company, then he snatches one or two cheerful faces from the faceless multitude, and lets us hear someone’s ringing boyish voice. And immediately the company itself - an abstract army unit - becomes for us a living organism, a full-fledged and full-blooded character in the story. The gaze then stops at the main character - Alexei Yastrebov, who carries within himself “some kind of irrepressible, hidden happiness: joy for this fragile morning, for the fact that he did not find the captain and that he still had to walk and walk on the clean crust.”

This feeling of joy overwhelming the characters further enhances the contrast that is revealed already in the first pages, and more sharply denotes the two poles - life overflowing and inevitable - in just a few days - death. After all, we know what awaits them there, ahead, where they are going so happily now. We know right away, by one name, which already begins with the word, eerie in its inevitability, certainty - “killed.” The contrast becomes even sharper, and the sense of impending tragedy reaches tangible density when we are faced with the discouraging naivety of the cadets. They, it turns out, are, in essence, still boys who put on military uniforms and were thrown to the front by the inexorable law of wartime...

The German tanks crushed the company, which fought bravely, although it could do nothing against them with its bottles and self-loading rifles. But the tanks were detained, albeit at a terrible cost.

The first battle, which Alexey Yastrebov dreamed of as a victory accompanied by shouts of “Hurray!”, proceeds completely differently. The platoon does not shout "Hurray!" .

By the end of the story, the boy lieutenant becomes a man. It is he who knocks out a tank and goes into the forest with a captured machine gun, only to come across those scattered surrounded by his own.

“He almost physically felt,” writes K. Vorobyov about Alexei Yastrebov, “how the shadow of fear of his own death melted in him. Now she stood before him like a distant and indifferent beggar relative, but next to her and closer to him stood his childhood...” After what he experienced in the night battle, after the death of Captain Ryumin, who died in his arms, after everything that happened to his company, he almost doesn’t care - and he rises towards the tank. The scene was written by Konstantin Vorobyov with heartbreaking clarity and tension.

Yes, the Russian people accomplished a feat. They died, but did not give up. The consciousness of his duty to the Motherland drowned out the feeling of fear, pain, and thoughts of death. This means that this action is not an unconscious act - a feat, but a conviction in the rightness and greatness of the cause for which a person consciously gives his life. The warriors understood that they shed their blood, gave their lives in the name of the triumph of justice and for the sake of life on earth. Our soldiers knew that it was necessary to defeat this evil, this cruelty, this ferocious gang of murderers and rapists, otherwise they would enslave the whole world.

K. Vorobyov's prose is precise, cruel, both in detail and in general. He doesn't want to hide anything or miss anything. The main advantage of his works is that the romantic veil has been torn away from the war. K. Vorobyov knew: if you were to write, then only the truth. Untruth turns into lies, into desecration of the memory of the dead...

On May 9, former German soldiers who fought at Stalingrad laid wreaths on Mamayev Kurgan to the fallen Russian soldiers as a sign of reconciliation and repentance. This gives hope that the world will change and there will be no place for war in it, and the memory of the feat will remain, because it is not for nothing that thousands of people did not spare themselves and gave their lives for a just cause. Therefore, with great attention you read the lines from the letter of Maselbek, the hero of Ch. Aitmatov’s story “Mother’s Field”: “We did not ask for the war, and we did not start it, this is a huge misfortune for all of us, all people. And we must shed our blood, give our lives to destroy this monster. If we do not do this, then we will not be worthy of the name of Man. In an hour I'm going to carry out the task of the Motherland. It is unlikely that I will return alive. I am going there to save the lives of many of my comrades during the offensive. I go for the sake of the people, for the sake of victory, for the sake of everything beautiful that is in Man.”

Works about war reveal to us not only its cruel mercilessness, but also the power of heroism, courage, and dedication

our soldiers. They knew for sure why they died: they defended their Motherland! And this is a feat.