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Why it's worth reading Dostoevsky? Each writer lived his life differently. For many it was complex and tragic. But Dostoevsky is different from everyone else. During his life, he experienced something that is beyond the reach of even a realist writer. Dostoevsky is the only one of the greats Russian writers who was in hard labor. He is the only one sentenced to death. The 28-year-old writer was accused of attempting a revolutionary coup. On December 22, 1849, at Semenovsky Parade Ground in St. Petersburg, he was taken to execution. He was supposed to die, but at the last moment the execution was replaced by 4 years of hard labor. However, Dostoevsky already managed to feel the taste of death...

Exactly these extreme shocks determined the writer’s creative style and became the material for his works.. Ruthless psychoanalysis, passion, vice, obsession and holiness - all this found its place in his great novels. In particular, in the novel "Crime and Punishment". This is the first novel from the so-called. “The Great Pentateuch” - the writer’s mature novels, written after exile.

I'm God. How much will it cost me?

In this work, Dostoevsky raises the philosophical problem of confrontation between the individual and society. Or more precisely, he brings to court the philosophical concept of the so-called. “strong personality”, “superman”. The essence of this theory is expressed by the main character of the novel - poor student Rodion Raskolnikov. In his opinion, all people in the world are divided into two unequal categories - ordinary people and superhumans. Ordinary people live in subordination to morality and authority. They go with the flow. Superman changes history by doing what he thinks is right. He is not bound by morality, and is free to use any means to achieve his goals. Dostoevsky, as an impartial psychoanalyst, experiences the influence of this theory on the life of a particular person. Rodion Raskolnikov, imagining himself to be a superman, risks turning into a non-human. To bring his theory to life, he decides for murder. But from now on, the spilled blood will follow him everywhere. He probably would have died, intoxicated by this mania, but at the most difficult moment of his life he met Love…

Quotes from the novel “Crime and Punishment” by F. M. Dostoevsky

• It all depends on what situation and environment a person is in.Everything comes from the environment, but man himself is nothing.
• Power is given only to those who dare to bend down and take it. There is only one thing, one thing: you just have to dare!
• I’m glad to meet young people: from them you’ll find out what’s new. Well, my thought is precisely this: you will notice and learn most by observing our younger generations.
• Fear of aesthetics is the first sign of powerlessness.

What awaits superman Rodion Raskolnikov?

In Dostoevsky's time, there were plenty of deceived people like the hero of his novel. And over time there were more and more of them. Just remember Breivik. Or you can also Pol Pot, Hitler, Chikatilo and many others. They also considered themselves superhumans with the right to control lives. This confidence destroyed them. Will he be able to stay Rodion Raskolnikov? This is the main one intrigue great novel. Read the classics.

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F. M. Dostoevsky’s novel “Crime and Punishment” is one of the most complex works not only in the writer’s work, but also in Russian literature as a whole. Today, when the habit of watching film adaptations of books “based on” and reading “diagonally” is strong, it is not easy to master a voluminous novel, to see its deep meaning, to follow the complex action, despite the sharp detective plot. But if you carefully read the work, you can understand that everything in it is subordinated to the disclosure of the author’s greatest humanistic idea.
“Crime and Punishment” reflects a difficult time - the 60s of the 19th century. Progressive people of the era believed that a strong Personality, bright and extraordinary, could rise above society. Dostoevsky showed the ferment of minds, the search for one’s “I” and, as a result of this, the creation of theories that contrast man with the world around him. The ideas of Raskolnikov and Luzhin, Svidrigailov’s life position are not the author’s invention, but actually existing views. Luzhin's economic theory almost completely coincides with Chernyshevsky's theory of reasonable egoism. But Raskolnikov has a real prototype - a man who committed a crime not because of money, but under the influence of his idea.
The third quarter of the 19th century was characterized by man's departure from God. People could not find an explanation for the terrible sins and atrocities that were happening on earth. But, according to Dostoevsky, a person chooses his own path. The Almighty can only show him the way, direct him along it.
It is these two lines: the debunking of theories that place one person above others, and the affirmation of the priority of Christian commandments and moral principles - the main ones in the novel. And their approval is subject to the plot, the system of images, and the composition of the work. The plot of the novel is based on a real fact - a murder committed by a young man under the influence of his ideas. The essence of the novel is a psychological analysis of the crime and its moral consequences. But “Crime and Punishment” is a socio-philosophical work, so the author also seeks to reveal the vices of society that pushes a person to crime.
The hero himself, an intelligent and honest person, perfectly sees the injustice of the world around him, sees that some, insignificant and stupid, live in magnificent mansions on the banks of the Neva, enjoying the coolness of Vasilyevsky Island in the summer, while others, fair, intelligent, sensitive, are forced to huddle in barracks on Sennaya, in the summer you can choke from the stench and stench of the main shopping area of ​​St. Petersburg. And he understands that people are divided into two camps: “lower” and “higher,” “trembling creatures” and “those who have the right” to kill for the good. This division occurs not on a material basis, but on a moral basis: “...he who is strong and strong in mind and spirit is... the ruler!” The hero recognizes the right of one person to be above others, to administer justice, execute and pardon at his own discretion. He does not believe in God and believes that man can be a judge. The main thing that is opposed to Raskolnikov’s theory is the truth of Sonya Marmeladova, her position in life.
The image of Sonya is one of the most important in the novel; in it Dostoevsky embodied his idea of ​​​​a “man of God”. Sonya lives according to Christian commandments. Placed in the same difficult conditions of existence as Raskolnikov, she retained a living soul and that necessary connection with the world, which was broken by the main character, who committed the most terrible sin - murder. Sonechka refuses to judge anyone and accepts the world as it is. Her credo: “And who made me the judge here: who should live and who should not live?” It is with Sonya that Raskolnikov’s path is connected, the path of repentance and resurrection.
To completely debunk Raskolnikov’s idea, Dostoevsky uses a technique that is widely used in Russian literature: he introduces doubles of the main character. These are Luzhin and Svidrigailov. At first glance, Luzhin’s economic theory has nothing in common with Raskolnikov’s ideas, but they are based on the same idea: one person stands above other people, universal laws were not created for him. Both Luzhin and Raskolnikov allow the shedding of blood, but if Raskolnikov can kill in the name of the future, in the name of the good of thousands of people, then Luzhin allows the shedding of blood in the name of personal gain. Svidrigailov lives by the principle of permissiveness. He believes that all the moral principles of society were not created for him. That is why a trail of crimes trails behind him. It is thanks to Luzhin and Svidrigailov that we can understand what Raskolnikov’s idea can transform into, how much evil it conceals.
The composition of the novel is also subordinated to the debunking of the hero theory. Only one part out of six is ​​devoted to crime, the remaining five to punishment. But this is not physical, but moral punishment. Justice is served only at the end of the sixth part and in the epilogue.
The composition is also connected with the penetration of Christian doctrine into Raskolnikov’s soul. Three times in the story the parable of the resurrection of Lazarus is heard. The first time is when Porfiry Petrovich asks Rodion if he believes in the resurrection, the second is when Sonya reads it, the third is in the epilogue. This is how Dostoevsky shows the possibility of moral resurrection through a painfully long path of repentance. It is no coincidence that Sonya reads Raskolnikov’s parable in the fourth chapter of the fourth part of the novel. This figure takes on a symbolic meaning: it was four days later that Lazarus was resurrected.
The epilogue plays a huge role in the novel. In it, Dostoevsky shows the Apocalypse in his own understanding. People overwhelmed by pride, a world that is collapsing. Only faith can save the world.
More than a century separates us from the events described in the novel. It may seem that we are very far from that time. But today, when old laws and norms of behavior have been destroyed, and new ones have not yet been created, a person can (and does) commit a crime in the name of power over people. The novel “Crime and Punishment” is intended to prevent the repetition of past mistakes.

Review of F. Dostoevsky's novel “Crime and Punishment.”

F. M. Dostoevsky’s novel “Crime and Punishment” is one of the most complex works not only in the writer’s work, but also in Russian literature as a whole. Today, when the habit of watching film adaptations of books “based on” and reading “diagonally” is strong, it is not easy to master a voluminous novel, to see its deep meaning, to follow the complex action, despite the sharp detective plot. But if you carefully read the work, you can understand that everything in it is subordinated to the disclosure of the author’s greatest humanistic idea.

“Crime and Punishment” reflects a difficult time - the 60s of the 19th century. Progressive people of the era believed that a strong Personality, bright and extraordinary, could rise above society. Dostoevsky showed the ferment of minds, the search for one’s “I” and, as a result of this, the creation of theories that contrast man with the world around him. The ideas of Raskolnikov and Luzhin, Svidrigailov’s life position are not the author’s invention, but actually existing views. Luzhin's economic theory almost completely coincides with Chernyshevsky's theory of reasonable egoism. But Raskolnikov has a real prototype - a man who committed a crime not because of money, but under the influence of his idea.

The third quarter of the 19th century was characterized by man's departure from God. People could not find an explanation for the terrible sins and atrocities that were happening on earth. But, according to Dostoevsky, a person chooses his own path. The Almighty can only show him the way, direct him along it.

It is these two lines: the debunking of theories that place one person above others, and the affirmation of the priority of Christian commandments and moral principles - the main ones in the novel. And their approval is subject to the plot, the system of images, and the composition of the work. The plot of the novel is based on a real fact - a murder committed by a young man under the influence of his ideas. The essence of the novel is a psychological analysis of the crime and its moral consequences. But “Crime and Punishment” is a socio-philosophical work, so the author also seeks to reveal the vices of society that pushes a person to crime.

The hero himself, an intelligent and honest person, perfectly sees the injustice of the world around him, sees that some, insignificant and stupid, live in magnificent mansions on the banks of the Neva, enjoying the coolness of Vasilyevsky Island in the summer, while others, fair, intelligent, sensitive, are forced to huddle in barracks on Sennaya, in the summer you can choke from the stench and stench of the main shopping area of ​​St. Petersburg. And he understands that people are divided into two camps: “lower” and “higher,” “trembling creatures” and “those who have the right” to kill for the good. This division occurs not on a material basis, but on a moral basis: “...he who is strong and strong in mind and spirit is... the ruler!” The hero recognizes the right of one person to be above others, to administer justice, execute and pardon at his own discretion. He does not believe in God and believes that man can be a judge. The main thing that is opposed to Raskolnikov’s theory is the truth of Sonya Marmeladova, her position in life.

The image of Sonya is one of the most important in the novel; in it Dostoevsky embodied his idea of ​​​​a “man of God”. Sonya lives according to Christian commandments. Placed in the same difficult conditions of existence as Raskolnikov, she retained a living soul and that necessary connection with the world, which was broken by the main character, who committed the most terrible sin - murder. Sonechka refuses to judge anyone and accepts the world as it is. Her credo: “And who made me the judge here: who should live and who should not live?” It is with Sonya that Raskolnikov’s path is connected, the path of repentance and resurrection.

To completely debunk Raskolnikov’s idea, Dostoevsky uses a technique that is widely used in Russian literature: he introduces doubles of the main character. These are Luzhin and Svidrigailov. At first glance, Luzhin’s economic theory has nothing in common with Raskolnikov’s ideas, but they are based on the same idea: one person stands above other people, universal laws were not created for him. Both Luzhin and Raskolnikov allow the shedding of blood, but if Raskolnikov can kill in the name of the future, in the name of the good of thousands of people, then Luzhin allows the shedding of blood in the name of personal gain. Svidrigailov lives by the principle of permissiveness. He believes that all the moral principles of society were not created for him. That is why a trail of crimes trails behind him. It is thanks to Luzhin and Svidrigailov that we can understand what Raskolnikov’s idea can transform into, how much evil it conceals.

The composition of the novel is also subordinated to the debunking of the hero theory. Only one part out of six is ​​devoted to crime, the remaining five to punishment. But this is not physical, but moral punishment. Justice is served only at the end of the sixth part and in the epilogue.

The composition is also connected with the penetration of Christian doctrine into Raskolnikov’s soul. Three times in the story the parable of the resurrection of Lazarus is heard. The first time is when Porfiry Petrovich asks Rodion if he believes in the resurrection, the second is when Sonya reads it, the third is in the epilogue. This is how Dostoevsky shows the possibility of moral resurrection through a painfully long path of repentance. It is no coincidence that Sonya reads Raskolnikov’s parable in the fourth chapter of the fourth part of the novel. This figure takes on a symbolic meaning: it was four days later that Lazarus was resurrected.

The epilogue plays a huge role in the novel. In it, Dostoevsky shows the Apocalypse in his own understanding. People overwhelmed by pride, a world that is collapsing. Only faith can save the world.

More than a century separates us from the events described in the novel. It may seem that we are very far from that time. But today, when old laws and norms of behavior have been destroyed, and new ones have not yet been created, a person can (and does) commit a crime in the name of power over people. The novel “Crime and Punishment” is intended to prevent the repetition of past mistakes.

F. M. Dostoevsky’s novel “Crime and Punishment” is one of the most complex works not only in the writer’s work, but also in Russian literature as a whole. Today, when the habit of watching film adaptations of books “based on” and reading “diagonally” is strong, it is not easy to master a voluminous novel, to see its deep meaning, to follow the complex action, despite the sharp detective plot. But if you carefully read the work, you can understand that everything in it is subordinated to the disclosure of the author’s greatest humanistic idea. “Crime and Punishment” reflects a difficult time - the 60s of the 19th century. Progressive people of the era believed that a strong Personality, bright and extraordinary, could rise above society. Dostoevsky showed the ferment of minds, the search for one’s “I” and, as a result of this, the creation of theories contrasting man and the world around him. The ideas of Raskolnikov and Luzhin, the life position of Svidrigailov are not the author’s invention, but actually existing views. Luzhin’s economic theory almost completely coincides with the “theory of reasonable egoism” of Dobrolyubov and Chernyshevsky. But Raskolnikov has a real prototype, a man who committed a crime not because of money, but under the influence of his idea.

The third quarter of the 19th century was characterized by man's departure from God. People could not find an explanation for the terrible sins and atrocities that were happening on earth. But according to Dostoevsky, a person chooses his own path. The Almighty can only show him the way, direct him along it.

It is these two lines: the debunking of theories that place one person above others, and the affirmation of the priority of Christian commandments and moral principles - the main ones in the novel “Crime and Punishment”. And their approval is subject to the plot, the system of images, and the composition of the work. The plot of the novel is based on a real fact - a murder committed by a young man not because of money, but under the influence of his ideas. The core of the novel is a psychological analysis of the crime and its moral consequences. But “Crime and Punishment” is a socio-philosophical work, so the author also seeks to reveal the vices of society that pushes a person to crime. Raskolnikov is not an ordinary killer; the basis of his act is the desire not only to prove the correctness of his conclusions, but also the desire to rise above the “anthill”. But the entire subsequent narration proves the falsity of his theory, dividing people into “lower” and “superior”, into “trembling creatures” and “having the right” to kill for the good. Dostoevsky merged the analysis of the hero’s state after the crime with the analysis of Raskolnikov’s philosophical theory.

The hero himself, an intelligent and honest person, perfectly sees the injustice of the world around him, sees that some, insignificant and stupid, live in magnificent mansions on the banks of the Neva, enjoying the coolness of Vasilyevsky Island in the summer, while others, fair, intelligent, sensitive, are forced to huddle in barracks on Sennaya, in the summer you can choke from the stench and stench of the main shopping area of ​​St. Petersburg. And he understands that people are divided into two parts: into the mighty of this world and into “trembling creatures.” But this division is not based on material, but on moral grounds: “...he who is strong and strong in mind and spirit is... the ruler!” He recognizes the right of one person to be above others, to administer justice, execute and pardon at his own discretion. He does not believe in God and believes that man can be a judge. The main thing that is opposed to Raskolnikov’s theory is the truth of Sonya Marmeladova, her position in life.

The image of Sonya is one of the most important in the novel; in it Dostoevsky embodied his idea of ​​​​a “man of God”. Sonya lives according to Christian commandments. Placed in the same difficult conditions of existence as Raskolnikov, she retained a living soul and that necessary connection with the world, which Raskolnikov broke when he committed the most terrible sin - murder. Sonechka refuses to judge anyone and accepts the world as it is. When Raskolnikov asks her: “...which of them should die?”, Sonechka immediately answers: “And who put me here to judge: who should live, who should not live?” It is with Sonya that Raskolnikov’s path is connected, the path of repentance and resurrection.

To completely debunk Raskolnikov’s idea, Dostoevsky uses a technique that was widely used in Russian literature: he introduces doubles of the main character. This is Luzhin and Svidrigailov.

At first glance, Luzhin’s economic theory has nothing in common with Raskolnikov’s ideas, but they are based on the same idea: one person stands above other people, universal laws were not created for him. Both Luzhin and Raskolnikov allow the shedding of blood, but if Raskolnikov can kill in the name of the future, in the name of the good of thousands of people, then Luzhin allows the shedding of blood in the name of personal gain.

Svidrigailov lives by the principle of permissiveness; he believes that all the moral principles of society were not created for him. That is why a trail of crimes trails behind him. It is thanks to Luzhin and Svidrigailov that we can understand what Raskolnikov’s idea can transform into, how much evil it conceals. The composition of the novel is also subordinated to the debunking of Raskolnikov's theory. Only one part of the Six is ​​devoted to the crime, the remaining five are dedicated to the punishment of Raskolnikov. But this is not physical, but moral punishment. Justice is served only at the end of the sixth part and in the epilogue.

The novel is structured in such a way that we learn about the theory itself after the crime; the author gives us the opportunity to realize that such views only cause harm. The composition of the novel is also connected with the penetration of Christian doctrine into Raskolnikov’s soul. Three times in the story the parable of the resurrection of Lazarus is heard. The first time is when Porfiry Petrovich asks Rodion if he believes in the resurrection, the second is when Sonya reads it, the third is in the epilogue. This is how Dostoevsky shows the possibility of moral resurrection through a painfully long path of repentance. It is no coincidence that Sonya reads Raskolnikov’s parable in the fourth chapter of the fourth part of the novel. This figure takes on a symbolic meaning: it was four days later that Lazarus was resurrected.

The epilogue plays a huge role in the novel. In it, Dostoevsky shows the Apocalypse in his understanding. People overwhelmed by pride, a world that is collapsing. Only faith can save the world.

More than a century separates us from the events described in the novel. It may seem that we are very far from that time. But today, when old laws and norms of behavior have been destroyed, and new ones have not yet been created, a person can commit a crime in the name of power over people. The novel “Crime and Punishment” is intended to prevent the repetition of past mistakes.

"...Listen, you judges! Another madness still exists - this is the madness before the case. Ah, you have not crawled deep enough into this soul!

This is what the red judge says: “But why did this criminal kill? He wanted to rob.”

But I tell you: his soul wanted blood, not robbery - he longed for the happiness of a knife!

But his poor mind did not understand this madness and convinced him. “What’s the use of blood!” he said. “Don’t you at least want to commit robbery? Take revenge?”

And he listened to his poor mind: his speech fell on him like lead - and so, killing, he robbed. He didn't want to be ashamed of his madness.

And now again the lead of his guilt lies on him, and again his poor mind has become so numb, so relaxed, so heavy.

If only he could shake his head, his burden would roll down; but who will shake this head?

What is this person? There are a lot of diseases that penetrate the world through the spirit: there they look for their prey.

What is this person? A ball of wild snakes, which are rarely calm together, and now they spread out and look for prey in the world..."

F. Nietzsche "Thus spoke Zarathustra."