Russian folk tales read the title. Russian folk tales and national character. Fairy tales and national character

1 - About the little bus who was afraid of the dark

Donald Bisset


A fairy tale about how mother bus taught her little bus not to be afraid of the dark... About the little bus who was afraid of the dark read Once upon a time there was a little bus in the world. He was bright red and lived with his dad and mom in the garage. Every morning …

2 - Three kittens

Suteev V.G.

A short fairy tale for the little ones about three fidgety kittens and their funny adventures. Little children love short stories with pictures, which is why Suteev’s fairy tales are so popular and loved! Three kittens read Three kittens - black, gray and...

3 - Hedgehog in the fog

Kozlov S.G.


A fairy tale about a Hedgehog, how he was walking at night and got lost in the fog. He fell into the river, but someone carried him to the shore. It was a magical night! Hedgehog in the fog read Thirty mosquitoes ran out into the clearing and began to play...

4 - About the mouse from the book

Gianni Rodari


A short story about a mouse who lived in a book and decided to jump out of it into the big world. Only he did not know how to speak the language of mice, but knew only a strange bookish language... Read about a mouse from a book...

5 - Apple

Suteev V.G.


A fairy tale about a hedgehog, a hare and a crow who could not divide the last apple among themselves. Everyone wanted to take it for themselves. But the fair bear judged their dispute, and each got a piece of the treat... Apple read It was late...

6 - Black Pool

Kozlov S.G.


A fairy tale about a cowardly Hare who was afraid of everyone in the forest. And he was so tired of his fear that he decided to drown himself in the Black Pool. But he taught the Hare to live and not be afraid! Black Whirlpool read Once upon a time there was a Hare...

7 - About the Hippopotamus, who was afraid of vaccinations

Suteev V.G.

A fairy tale about a cowardly hippopotamus who ran away from the clinic because he was afraid of vaccinations. And he fell ill with jaundice. Luckily, he was taken to the hospital and treated. And the hippopotamus became very ashamed of his behavior... About the Hippopotamus, who was afraid...

8 - Mom for Baby Mammoth

Nepomnyashchaya D.


A fairy tale about a baby mammoth that melted out of the ice and went to look for its mother. But all the mammoths have long since died out, and the wise Uncle Walrus advised him to sail to Africa, where elephants live, which are very similar to mammoths. Mom for...

If you close your eyes and travel back in time for a moment, you can imagine how ordinary Russian people lived. With large families, they lived in wooden huts, heated the stoves with wood, and the light was provided by home-made dry torches. Poor Russian people had neither television nor the Internet, so what could they do when they weren’t working in the fields? They relaxed, dreamed and listened to good fairy tales!

In the evening, the whole family gathered in one room, the children sat on the stove, and the women did housework. At this time, the turn of Russian folk tales began. In every village or hamlet there lived a woman storyteller, she replaced the radio for people and beautifully chanted ancient legends. The kids listened with their mouths open, and the girls quietly sang along and spun or embroidered while listening to a good fairy tale.

What did the respected storytellers tell the people about?

Good prophets kept in their memory a large number of folk tales, legends and fairy tales. All their lives they brought light to ordinary peasants, and in old age they passed on their knowledge to the next talented storytellers. Most of the legends were based on real life events, but over the years the fairy tales acquired fictitious details and acquired a special Russian flavor.

Note to readers!

The most famous storyteller in Rus' and Finland is a simple serf woman Praskovya Nikitichna, married to Vaska. She knew 32,000 poems and fairy tales, 1,152 songs, 1,750 proverbs, 336 riddles and a large number of prayers. Hundreds of books and poetry collections have been written based on her stories, but for all her talents, Praskovya Nikitichna was poor all her life and even worked as a barge hauler.

Another well-known storyteller throughout Russia is Pushkin’s nanny Arina Rodionovna. It was she who instilled in the poet a love of Russian fairy tales from early childhood, and on the basis of her ancient stories, Alexander Sergeevich wrote his great works.

What do Russian fairy tales tell about?

Fairy tales invented by ordinary people are an encyclopedia of folk wisdom. Through simple stories, workers and peasants presented their vision of the world and passed on information in encrypted form to subsequent generations.

Old Russian fairy tales are divided into three types:

Animal Tales. In folk stories there are funny characters who are especially close to ordinary Russian people. The clumsy bear, little sister fox, runaway bunny, little mouse, and frog frog are endowed with pronounced human qualities. In the fairy tale "Masha and the Bear" Potapych is kind but stupid, in the story about the Seven Little Goats the wolf is cunning and gluttonous, and in the fairy tale "The Boasting Bunny" the little hare is cowardly and boastful. From the age of 2-3, it’s time for children to become familiar with good Russian fairy tales and, using the example of funny characters with distinct personalities, learn to distinguish between positive and negative heroes.

Magical mystical tales. There are many interesting mystical characters in Russian fairy tales that could outshine famous American heroes. Baba Yaga Bone Leg, Serpent Gorynych and Koschey the Immortal are distinguished by their realism and have been living in good folk tales for several centuries. Epic heroes and brave noble princes fought with the mystical heroes who kept the people in fear. And the beautiful needlewomen Vasilisa the Beautiful, Marya, Varvara Krasa fought against evil spirits with intelligence, cunning and ingenuity.

Tales about the life of ordinary Russian people. Through wise fairy tales, the people told about their existence and passed on the accumulated knowledge from generation to generation. A striking example is the fairy tale “Kolobok”. Here an old man and an old woman bake an unusual loaf of bread and call on the clear sun to forever warm our native Earth. The hot sun-bun goes on a journey and meets the winter hare, the spring wolf, the summer bear and the autumn fox. The tasty bun dies in the teeth of a voracious fox, but then is reborn again and begins a new life cycle of eternal Mother Nature.

The page of our website contains the most beloved and popular best Russian fairy tales. Texts with beautiful pictures and illustrations in the style of lacquer miniatures make fairy tales especially enjoyable to read. They bring to children the priceless wealth of the Russian language, and the pictures and large print allow them to quickly memorize stories and new words, and instill a love of reading books. All fairy tales are recommended for bedtime reading. Parents will be able to read aloud to their child and convey to the child the meaning inherent in wise old fairy tales.

The page with Russian folk tales is a collection of children's literature. Teachers can use the library for reading lessons in kindergarten and school, and in the family circle it is easy to perform performances with the participation of heroes from Russian folk tales.

Read Russian folk tales for free online with your children and absorb the wisdom of bygone generations!

The theme of Russian folk tales is inexhaustible! A huge number of collections can be found on bookstore shelves. This post contains both luxury (gift) and inexpensive editions of collections of Russian folk tales in classical adaptations and with unforgettable illustrations.

1) Fairytale Rus'. Russian fairy tales

Nikolai Kochergin has rightfully gained fame as an outstanding artist and storyteller. He was equally successful in both step-by-step illustration of fairy tales and the creation of generalization illustrations that pretend to be called fairy-tale paintings. In these Kochergin generalizations, fairy-tale Rus' sounds especially majestic. For the first time, all the full-color illustrations created by Nikolai Kochergin for Russian fairy tales are collected in one book.

Content:
Tiny Khavroshechka
By pike guidance
Princess Frog
Baba Yaga
Morozko
Wooden eagle
The Tale of Rejuvenating Apples and Living Water
Seven Simeons
Nikita Kozhemyaka
Ivan Tsarevich and the Grey Wolf
Matyusha Ash
flying ship
Go there - I don’t know where, bring that - I don’t know what
Battle on Kalinov Bridge
Sivka-Burka
Copper, silver and golden kingdoms
The Tale of Vasilisa the Wise
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2) Terem-teremok. Russian folk tales for kids

This book is not just a collection of Russian folk tales about animals - it is an amazing, unique world of fabulous animals, which was created by the wonderful artist Evgeny Mikhailovich Rachev. He had the wonderful gift of turning an ordinary red fox into a cunning gossip, a gray hare into a cheerful village joker, and a cat into a mischief-maker and a quitter.
On the occasion of the 110th anniversary of Evgeniy Mikhailovich, this book is being published, for the illustrations for which he was awarded the State Prize of the RSFSR.
Content:
Kolobok.
Turnip.
Golden egg.
Teremok.
Wolf and kids.
Rooster and bean.
Zayushkina's hut.
The hare is bragging.
The cockerel is a golden comb.
Fox and blackbird.
Man and bear.
Crane and heron.
Fox - sister and wolf.
Fox and crane.
Cat and fox.
Fox with a rolling pin.
Fox and bear.
Masha and the bear.
A cat is a gray forehead, a goat and a ram.
Swan geese.
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3) "Russian folk tales for kids"

A child-friendly small format and thick pages that can be flipped through and fiddled with without fear of tearing.
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4) "Russian Folk Tales" ed. Afanasyeva

Here is a collection of the most famous fairy tales and tales about animals, collected by the famous Russian ethnographer A. N. Afanasyev, who wrote them down in their original, pristine form. In many ways, these fairy tales differ from those to which we have become accustomed since childhood. In them you will find not only unique features of the language, the spirit and life of peasant Rus', but also new characters, and even unfamiliar plot endings. Rediscover the multifaceted, vibrant and rich world of Russian folk tales! The book contains beautiful illustrations by I. Bilibin, V. Vasnetsov, E. Polenova, K. Makovsky.
Content:
Tales about animals.
Cat and fox.
Fox and black grouse.
Turnip.
The chicken also cocks.
Fox, hare and rooster.
Kolobok.
Mizgir.
For a little shoe you get a chicken, for a chicken you get a piece of meat.
Fox and crane.
Fox Confessor.
A man, a bear and a fox.
Wolf and goat.
The tale of Ersha Ershovich, Shchetinnikov's son.
Hen.
Crane and heron.
A story about a toothy pike.
Winter quarters of animals.
Cat, rooster and fox.
Fox midwife.
Fox-sister and wolf.
Death of a cockerel.
Tsar Maiden.
Sister Alyonushka, brother Ivanushka.
Sun, Moon and Raven Voronovich.
Tiny Khavroshechka.
Nesmeyana the princess.
Vasilisa the Beautiful.
Magic ring.
Finist's feather is the clear falcon.
Marya Morevna.
Baba Yaga.
The Sea King and Vasilisa the Wise.
Princess Frog.
Sivko-burko.
A tale about a brave young man, rejuvenating apples and living water.
White duck.
Go there - I don’t know where, bring that - I don’t know what.
Golden shoe.
The Firebird and Vasilisa the Princess.
Morozko.
Elena the Wise.
Three kingdoms - copper, silver and gold.
Wonderful shirt
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5) Russian folk tales

This book includes seven fairy tales illustrated by Nikolai Kochergin, a wonderful artist with a brilliant feel for Russian folklore and children's books.
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6) Russian folk tales

This book is suitable for your first acquaintance with fairy tales - the illustrations by Yuri Solovyov are bright, large, dynamic, just right for kids. The collection includes fairy tales “Ryaba Hen”, “Kolobok”, “Teremok”, “Hare, Fox and Rooster”, “Bubble, Straw and Bast Shoe”, “Masha and the Bear”, “Fox with a Rolling Pin”, “Sister Fox and gray wolf", "Three bears".
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7) Collection of fairy tales "Masha and the Bear"

The book will delight you with its content and design; it contains fairy tales with which children begin reading. The texts have not undergone the currently popular adaptation, which results in a reduction in vocabulary, but the richness of the language has been preserved. The illustrations were made without the use of a computer.
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8) Russian fairy tales for little ones

The famous artist Nikolai Mikhailovich Kochergin, starting to work, spent a long time studying the history, life and traditions of the peoples of the world. The topic of Russian folklore was especially interesting for him. That is why the master of illustration created this unique, kind and bright fairy-tale world, which children like so much. The book includes Russian folk tales: “Masha and the Bear”, “At the Command of the Pike” and M. Gorky’s fairy tale “About Ivanushka the Fool”.

We were all children once and all of us, without exception, loved fairy tales. After all, in the world of fairy tales there is a special and extraordinary style, filled with our dreams and fantasies. Without fairy tales, even the real world loses its colors and becomes ordinary and boring. But where did the well-known heroes come from? Perhaps, once upon a time a real Baba Yaga and a goblin walked the earth? Let's figure it out together!

According to V. Dahl’s definition, “a fairy tale is a fictional story, an unprecedented and even unrealistic story, a legend.” But the New Illustrated Encyclopedia gives the following definition of a fairy tale: “this is one of the main genres of folklore, an epic, predominantly prosaic work of a magical, adventurous or everyday nature with a focus on fiction.” And of course, one cannot help but recall the words of our great poet: “A fairy tale is a lie, but there is a hint in it!” A lesson to good fellows!”

That is, whatever one may say, a fairy tale is fiction... But everything in it is unusual, magical and very attractive. There is an immersion in a mysterious, enchanted world, where animals speak in a human voice, where objects and trees move on their own, where good necessarily defeats evil.

Each of us remembers how the Fox was punished for tricking the Bunny out of the hut (“The Fox and the Hare”), how cruelly the stupid Wolf, who took the cunning Fox’s word for it, paid with his tail (“The Wolf and the Fox”), how quickly they got over it with a turnip (“Turnip”), when they decided to pull it together and also did not forget to call the Mouse, just as the strong forgot about the weak in the fairy tale “Teremok” and what this led to...

Smart, kind, correct, highly moral, contained in fairy tales helps to cultivate the best human qualities in our children. The fairy tale teaches life wisdom. And these values ​​are eternal; they make up what we call spiritual culture.

Among other things, the invaluable nature of fairy tales lies in the fact that they provide an opportunity to introduce children to the life and way of life of the Russian people.

What does Russian village mean? What did a tree, a forest mean to a Russian person? And household items: dishes, clothes, shoes (the famous bast shoes alone are worth it!), musical instruments (balalaika, harp). This is our opportunity to tell and show children how people lived in Russia before, how the culture of a great people took shape, of which we, their parents, grandparents, by the will of fate, became a part.

Russian folk tales are also an invaluable assistant in developing a child’s language and speech skills. Words and expressions from fairy tales with their ancient and deep meaning are embedded in our minds and live in us, no matter where we are.

Fairy tales provide an opportunity to expand your vocabulary on any topic (whether it be tales about animals, everyday life or magic). Traditional Russian repetitions, special melody, rare “forgotten” words, proverbs and sayings, which are so rich in Russian speech: all this makes it possible to make a fairy tale accessible, understandable for children’s consciousness, and helps to remember it easily and quickly. And all this develops children’s imagination, teaches them beautiful and coherent speech. (Who knows, maybe those fairy tales that they begin to invent after Russian folk tales will also one day enter the treasury of the language).

A fairy tale is a special literary genre, a story unfolding in a timeless and extra-spatial dimension. The characters in such a story are fictional characters who find themselves in difficult situations and get out of them thanks to assistants, most often endowed with magical properties. At the same time, insidious villains plot various intrigues against them, but in the end good wins. The creation of fairy tales has an ancient history.

FROM THE HISTORY OF FAIRY TALES:

Fairy tales appeared in such ancient times that it is very difficult to accurately determine the time of their birth. We know just as little about their authors. Most likely, the fairy tales were composed by the same peasants and shepherds who often acted as the main characters of the story.

Has anyone wondered whether there are real events behind these tales, whether fairy-tale heroes were the most ordinary people, whose lives and adventures could become the basis for fairy tales. Why not? For example, a goblin could be someone who lived in the forest for a long time, was unaccustomed to communicating with people, but got along well with the forest and its inhabitants. Well, Vasilisa is a beauty - everything is clear here. But Koschey the Immortal looks like an old man who married a young girl.

But the situation is more interesting. Our land is located at the crossroads of roads from Europe to Asia, from south to north and vice versa. That is why we lived in close connection with neighboring peoples. From the north, we were contacted by the Vikings, who were a step higher in development than us. They brought us metal and weapons, their legends and fairy tales - and we brought them clothes, shoes and food, everything that our land is rich in. From there the fairy tale about Baba Yaga, where she was the evil old woman Heel on two bone legs, who lives in a separate hut on the outskirts of the forest, guards the souls of the dead and is a border point in the transition from earthly life to the afterlife. She is not particularly kind and day after day creates a lot of trials and troubles for those who walk this road. That is why the heroes of our fairy tales, driven into a remote corner by their troubles, come to Baba Yaga.

They passed on fairy tales from mouth to mouth, from generation to generation, changing them along the way and adding new details.

Tales were told by adults and - contrary to our current understanding - not only by children, but also by adults.

Fairy tales taught us how to get out of difficult situations, overcome trials with honor, conquer fear - and every fairy tale ended with a happy ending.

Some scientists believe that the origins of fairy tales lie in primitive rituals. The rituals themselves were forgotten, but the stories were preserved as treasures of useful and instructive knowledge.

It is difficult to say when the first fairy tale appeared. This is probably not possible “either to say in a fairy tale or to describe with a pen.” But it is known that the first fairy tales were dedicated to natural phenomena and their main characters were the Sun, the Wind and the Moon.

A little later they took on a relatively human form. For example, the owner of water is Grandfather Vodyanoy, and Leshy is the owner of the forest and forest animals. It is these images that indicate that folk tales were created at a time when people humanized and animated all the elements and forces of nature.

Another important aspect of the beliefs of primitive people, which is reflected in folk tales, is the veneration of birds and animals. Our ancestors believed that each clan and tribe comes from a specific animal, which was the patron of the clan (totem). That is why Voron Voronovich, Falcon or Eagle often act in Russian fairy tales.

Also, ancient rituals (for example, initiation of a boy into hunters and warriors) found their expression in folk tales. It is surprising that it was with the help of fairy tales that they came to us in an almost primordial form. Therefore, folk tales are very interesting for historians.

FAIRY TALES AND NATIONAL CHARACTER

Fairy tales reveal all the most important aspects of Russian life. Fairy tales are an inexhaustible source of information about national character. Their strength lies in the fact that they not only reveal it, but also create it. Fairy tales reveal many individual character traits of a Russian person and the peculiarities of his inner world and ideals.

Here is a typical dialogue (fairy tale “The Flying Ship”):

The old man asks the fool: “Where are you going?”

- “Yes, the king promised to give his daughter to the one who makes a flying ship.”

- “Can you make such a ship?”

- “No, I can’t!” - “So why are you going?” - “God knows!”

For this wonderful answer (because it is honest!) the old man helps the hero get the princess. This eternal wandering “I don’t know where”, in search of “I don’t know what” is inherent in all Russian fairy tales, and indeed in all Russian life in general.

Even in Russian fairy tales, as well as among the Russian people, faith in miracles is strong.

Of course, all fairy tales in the world are based on some extraordinary events. But nowhere does the miraculous dominate the plot as much as in Russians. It piles up, overwhelms the action and is always believed in, unconditionally and without a shadow of a doubt.

Russian fairy tales also testify to the special faith of the Russian person in the meaning of the spoken word. Thus, there is a separate cycle from the category of fairy tales-legends, in which the entire plot is tied to various kinds of accidentally escaped curses. It is characteristic that only Russian versions of such tales are known. Fairy tales also emphasize the importance of the spoken word, the need to keep it: you promised to marry the one who finds the arrow - you must fulfill it; if you kept your word and went to your father’s grave, you will be rewarded; made a promise to marry the one who stole the wings - fulfill it. All fairy tales are filled with these simple truths.

The word opens doors, turns the hut, breaks the spell. The sung song brings back the memory of the husband, who forgot and did not recognize his wife, the little goat with his quatrain (except for him, apparently, he does not know how to say anything, otherwise he would have explained what happened) saves his sister Alyonushka and himself. The word is believed, without any doubt. “I’ll be of use to you,” says some bunny, and the hero lets him go, confident (as is the reader) that this will happen.

Often heroes are rewarded for their suffering. This theme is also especially loved by Russian fairy tales. Often, sympathies are on the side of heroes (even more often - heroines) not because of their special qualities or the actions they perform, but because of the life circumstances - misfortune, orphanhood, poverty - in which they find themselves. In this case, salvation comes from the outside, from nowhere, not as a result of the active actions of the hero, but as the restoration of justice. Such fairy tales are designed to instill compassion, empathy for one’s neighbor, and a feeling of love for all those who suffer. How can one not recall the thought of F. M. Dostoevsky that suffering is necessary for a person, because it strengthens and purifies the soul.

The attitude of the Russian people to work reflected in fairy tales seems peculiar. Here is a seemingly incomprehensible fairy tale about Emelya the Fool from the point of view of ideals.

He lay on the stove all his life, did nothing, and did not hide the reason, he answered “I’m lazy!” to all requests for help. Once I went out into the water and caught a magic pike. The continuation is well known to everyone: the pike persuaded him to let her go back into the hole, and for this she undertook to fulfill all of Emelya’s wishes. And so, “at the behest of the pike, at my request,” the sleigh without a horse carries the fool to the city, the ax itself chops the wood, and they are put into the oven, the buckets march into the house without outside help. Moreover, Emelya also got the royal daughter, also not without the intervention of magic.

The ending, however, is still hopeful (in children's retellings for some reason it is often omitted): “The fool, seeing that all people are like people, and he alone was bad and stupid, wanted to become better and for this he said: “As a pike by command, and at my request, that I become such a fine fellow, that nothing like this should happen to me, and that I be extremely smart!” And as soon as he had time to speak, at that very moment he became so beautiful, and also smart, that everyone was surprised.”

This fairy tale is often interpreted as a reflection of the eternal tendency of Russian people to laziness and idleness.

She speaks, rather, about the severity of peasant labor, which gave rise to the desire to relax, which made one dream of a magical helper.

Yes, if you are lucky and catch a miracle pike, you can happily do nothing, lie on a warm stove and think about the Tsar’s daughter. All this, of course, is also unrealistic for the man who dreams of it, like a stove driving through the streets, and the usual difficult daily work awaits him, but you can dream about pleasant things.

The fairy tale also reveals another difference in Russian culture - it does not have the sacredness of the concept of labor, that special reverent attitude, on the verge of “work for the sake of work itself,” which is characteristic, for example, of Germany or modern America. It is known, for example, that one of the common problems among Americans is the inability to relax, distract themselves from business, and understand that nothing will happen if they go on vacation for a week. For a Russian person there is no such problem - he knows how to relax and have fun, but perceives work as inevitable.

The famous philosopher I. Ilyin considered such “laziness” of the Russian person to be part of his creative, contemplative nature. “We were taught, first of all, by our flat space,” wrote the Russian thinker, “by our nature, with its distances and clouds, with its rivers, forests, thunderstorms and blizzards. Hence our insatiable gaze, our daydreaming, our contemplating “laziness” (A.S. Pushkin), behind which lies the power of creative imagination. Russian contemplation was given beauty that captivated the heart, and this beauty was introduced into everything - from fabric and lace to residential and fortified buildings.” There may be no zeal and exaltation of work, but there is a feeling of beauty, merging with nature. This also bears fruit - rich folk art, expressed, among other things, in the fairy-tale heritage.

The attitude towards wealth is clear. Greed is perceived as a great vice. Poverty is a virtue.

This does not mean that there is no dream of prosperity: the difficulties of peasant life made us dream of a self-assembled tablecloth, of a stove in which “goose meat, pig meat, and pies - apparently and invisibly! One word to say - whatever the soul wants, everything is there! the bride received was also nice to dream about on long winter evenings.

But wealth comes to the heroes easily, casually, when they don’t even think about it, as an additional prize for a good bride or a saved wife. Those who strive for it as an end in itself are always punished and remain “with nothing.”