Download the presentation on the topic of famous theaters of the world. Brief description of several theaters around the world for presentation. Vienna State Opera

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Already in 1816, Stendhal called La Scala in Milan “the first theater in the world.” Excellent technical equipment, luxurious productions, the best performers from all over the world, who inspired the great Frenchman to write colorful essays about visiting the performance - this secret is revealed quite simply. The fact is that for two and a half centuries Milan (with a short break during the Napoleonic campaigns) was under Austrian rule. And it was this Italian city, due to its territorial proximity to Vienna, political and economic significance, that was chosen by Empress Maria Theresa as the opera capital of Europe.

La Scala Opera House (Milan, Italy)

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This is how opera arose in Milan - not, by the way, a musical city (rather a commercial one - after all, the capital of Lombardy). But the fact that the Austrian emperors never skimped on their “dynastic passion” for music created a real miracle. Well, not all theaters in Milan, and throughout Italy, can boast such a rich history, inextricably linked not only with art history, but also with the history of Europe as a whole. La Scala Opera in Milan became the premiere theater for G. Rossini, V. Bellini, G. Donizetti. In 1841, the opera “Nabucco” by G. Verdi was first staged at La Scala, which became a kind of response to revolutionary events, after which the composer received the unofficial title “Maestro of the Italian Revolution.” And in 1926, the premiere of “Turandot” by G. Puccini was interrupted in the words of Toscanini: “Here the master’s heart stopped” - the purest expression of both devotion to art and friendship of two great masters.

Teatro La Scala was built in 1778. architect Giuseppe Piermarini

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Grand Opera (Paris, France)

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It is impossible to pass by this building without admiring the architecture and becoming interested in the history. Built in neo-Baroque style and designed by Charles Garnier, it has graced the Placedel’Opera in Paris with its grandeur since 1875. He is known to all connoisseurs of theatrical art around the world. Yes, we are talking about the famous Grand Opera in Paris, which since 1989 has been called the Palais Garnier. It won’t be difficult for tourists to get there. This can be done by metro, taking the metro to the Opera station, or by taxi. Just a kilometer south of the square is the famous Louvre Palace, and to the southwest is the Place de la Concorde.

Grand Opera (Paris, France)

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Garnier described his creation as a building built in the style of Napoleon III. The woman could not resist such a “weighty” argument. The foundation laying began in 1860. But the swampiness of the area and the presence of a large amount of groundwater delayed it for eight months, during which drainage took place. But still, the foundation was laid and reinforced with a layer of bitumen, protecting the basement from moisture penetration. This foundation still holds the thick walls and heavy floors of the building to this day, without shrinking and maintaining its integrity. The genius of the architect was that he used the existing reservoir, which is located under the Grand Opera, to strengthen the foundation. The water clogged small cracks with sand and silt, preventing the subsequent penetration of moisture into them. And in the event of a fire, this tank could be used as a source of water for extinguishing.

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The history of this building is inextricably linked with the name of Napoleon III. It was his superstition that served as the reason for the start of construction of the Paris Opera. This happened in 1858, when the emperor was not far from the LePeletier Theater, where an unsuccessful attempt was made on his life, as a result of which several people from his entourage died. After this, this theater earned notoriety in the eyes of Napoleon, and he ordered the construction of a new opera house, as it was considered a subtle sign of this type of art. The perfect of Paris, Georges-Eugene Haussmann, who is a favorite of the emperor and wanting to please him, enthusiastically seized on this idea. He announced a competition for the best design of the Opera building, in which more than one hundred and fifty architects took part. Having carefully studied each of them, Haussmann chose a sketch by the then practically unknown Charles Garnier, who amazed him with its scope and luxury. Moreover, the architect showed not only his professional talent, but also the talent of a wise politician, enlisting the support of the emperor’s wife.

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Even the unstable political situation could not interfere with the construction of this grandiose structure. She, of course, increased the time for its construction, but in 1875 the Parisians saw the wonderful creation of the great master, which by that time had served as a prison and a place of executions during the fall of the Paris Commune. For the construction of the building, stones were brought from all over Europe and colonial countries of Africa. This can be seen in the variety of their shades, which have retained the colors to this day. According to Garnier's idea, the structure was to be decorated with numerous statues. For this purpose, such famous sculptors were brought in as Gyumeri, who created the winged goddesses of harmony and poetry; Lexan, who became the author of the pegasi on the sides of the pediment; Millet, who carved Apollo holding a lyre in his raised hand. Between the columns there are now busts of great composers made of bronze. These include Beethoven, Bach, Rossini, Mozart, Meyerbeer and others.

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The inside of the theater is also beautiful and majestic. Occupying an area of ​​eleven square meters, it can accommodate 2,200 people in its halls, and 450 artists on stage. The building is decorated with multiple columns and sculptures of the gods of Ancient Greece, nymphs and plump Cupids. The walls and ceilings are decorated with intricate marble friezes. Also, when creating the interior, gold leaf, velvet, and stucco molding in the Baroque style were used. The huge chandelier, which weighs more than six tons, deserves special attention. Around it, the ceiling was previously decorated with ancient frescoes, which began to crumble over time. Since 1964, the ceiling has been decorated with paintings by Marc Chagall. The walls also feature paintings by famous artists, mirrors in gilded frames, and bas-reliefs of composers.

The internal architecture of the building is represented by a huge grand staircase, a luxurious auditorium and a foyer with a fountain. It also has its own library and two ballet schools. When there are no performances in the theater, numerous excursions are held there.

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Sydney Opera House

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The Sydney Opera House is one of the most recognizable buildings of the 20th century. This outstanding multifunctional building can be considered the hallmark of the city: it is the one most often photographed by tourists. The Sydney Opera House is one of the most grandiose architectural wonders of the last century: it is not just a building, but also a work of art. However, immediately after construction was completed, the theater had no fewer critics than admirers. The London Times described the theater as “the building of the century,” but one could also find such characteristics as, say, “French nuns playing football.” Sydney residents themselves lovingly call their wonder of the world “nuns fighting for a ball (rugby)” or “oyster shells”.

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223 architects competed for the right to design the Sydney Opera House. In January 1957, the design of the Danish architect Jorn Utzon was announced as the winner of the competition, and two years later the first stone was laid on Bennelong Point in Sydney Harbour. According to preliminary calculations, the construction of the theater should have taken 3-4 years and cost $7 million. Unfortunately, soon after the work began, many difficulties arose, which forced the government to deviate from Utzon’s original plans. And in 1966, Utzon left Sydney after a particularly big quarrel with the city authorities. A team of young Australian architects took responsibility for completing the construction. The New South Wales government played a lottery to raise money to continue the work. And on October 20, 1973, the new Sydney Opera House was inaugurated. Instead of the planned 4 years, the theater was built in 14, and it cost 102 million dollars.

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Vienna State Opera

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The Vienna State Opera is the largest opera house in Austria, a center of musical culture. The Vienna Opera is famous not only in Austria and Europe. At each performance in the auditorium you can meet tourists from all over the world from Japan to the USA and Canada. Avid theatergoers in Russia also dream of attending a performance at the Vienna Opera. It must be said that the air of Vienna is saturated with the music of the most famous composers who lived and worked in this city. Mozart and Beethoven, Schubert and Haydn, Brahms and Gluck, as well as the magnificent Johann Strauss and his three sons Johann, Joseph and Eduard wrote their music here. Of course, such a city could not do without its Opera. And the opera house was built in 1869 according to the design of the architect August Siccard von Siccardsburg. The interior decoration and interiors were designed by Eduard vanderNull.

The opening of the Vienna State Opera (WienerStaatsoper) took place on May 25 with a production of Mozart's Don Giovanni. And although the theater building was recognized as one of the best in the world in terms of acoustics and decoration, Emperor Franz Joseph did not like it very much. His unflattering review drove Eduard van der Null to suicide and the architect August Siccard von Siccardsburg to a heart attack.

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But the building of the Vienna Opera is truly beautiful. Its façade was decorated with sculptures by the amazingly talented Ernst Höhnel. These are pictures from Mozart’s “The Magic Flute”, and the five muses: Grace, Love, Heroic, Comedy and Fantasy, which since the times of ancient Greece have personified the five movements in art. Unfortunately, the WienerStaatsoper building was completely destroyed by bombing during World War II. But the residents of Vienna restored their Opera according to the surviving drawings. Already in May 1955, the Staatsoper opened the new season with Beethoven's magnificent opera Fidelio. Countless works by various composers have been staged at the Vienna Opera over the decades of its existence. Many premieres of new operas, which became masterpieces, were presented to the public in this building. The modern WienerStaatsoper performs most of its repertoire with a full-time orchestra and singers. But opera stars of the first magnitude also tour here often.

Herbert von Karajan, as director of the Vienna Opera, embodied the idea of ​​holding outdoor concerts from May to October. Since then, about 120 performances a year have been staged on the square in front of the Opera, completely free of charge.

Les Celestins Theater is the main art center of the city of Lyon in France. This is an opera house that is suitable for grand performances and can accommodate over 1000 people. The horseshoe-shaped hall is divided into several levels, so even spectators sitting far from the stage can see and hear everything clearly. The interior is designed in a royal style using red and gold tones. The outside of the building is more austere and decorated with statues. For more than two centuries, the best plays, operas, dramatic performances and concerts have been staged on the Les Celestins stage.

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Another famous world stage is the Metropolitan Opera musical theater on Broadway in New York. This is the best theater in the USA. Celebrities such as Enrico Caruso and Placido Do played leading roles here. Every year the Met gives more than two hundred performances. From time to time they are broadcast on television and radio. mingo.

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Since the beginning of human civilization, theater has served as the main source of entertainment. Nowadays, theater and opera performances have not lost any of their popularity and significance, and thousands of people around the world visit theaters every day and enjoy this wonderful art form.

The building of any theater is a unique world with its own history, traditions and secrets. Let's talk about those that are known throughout the world.

Teatro La Scala is rightfully the most famous theater in the world. And most of all it is associated with opera, although dramatic performances and ballet also occupy a significant place in the repertoire.

La Scala, photo Rudiger Wolk

It was built in 1778. The horseshoe-shaped hall has five tiers of boxes. Works by famous composers Bellini, Rossini, Donizetti, and Verdi were performed on the stage of La Scala. The theater is famous for its impeccable acoustics.

Many people associate Australia with the building of the Opera House in Sydney. It is easily recognizable and is one of the main attractions of the country. This is perhaps one of the most iconic theaters of our time.

Sydney Opera House, photo Shannon Hobbs

The opening took place in 1973. During construction, the main emphasis was on acoustics and visibility. That is why every theatergoer feels as if he has purchased a ticket to the best seat in the hall.

The theater building became home to the Sydney Symphony Orchestra, Sydney Theater Company, Australian Ballet and Australian Opera. More than 1,500 performances take place here annually.

3. Bolshoi Theater

The Bolshoi Theater in Moscow is one of the leading theaters in Russia and around the world. Together with the best symphony orchestra, he survived fire, war and revolution.

Bolshoi Theater in Moscow, photo jimmyweee

At the entrance, visitors are greeted by a statue of Apollo in a chariot, anticipating the grandiose performances taking place in the theater. The theater's ballet troupe is very famous. Yuri Grigorovich staged the legendary “Swan Lake” and “The Golden Age” here. The Bolshoi was opened after a large-scale reconstruction in 2011.

4. Vienna State Opera

Built in 1869, the theater has long had a reputation as the center of musical life in Vienna and throughout Austria.

Vienna State Opera, photo JP

During World War II, the building was bombed and almost destroyed. The staircase and some other parts were miraculously preserved. It was restored only in 1955. Today it continues to be one of the world's main opera venues. Traditional balls are held annually under the vaults of the Vienna Opera.

The Palace of Catalan Music is located in. The building was officially opened in 1908 and almost immediately became a symbol of the city. The magnificent glass ceiling, rich paintings, stained glass windows and sculptures turned it into a real work of art. This is one of the few theaters included in the UNESCO cultural heritage list.

Palau de la Musica Catalana, photo Jiuguang Wang

The palace is one of the main theater and music venues in Barcelona, ​​where many world celebrities perform. Important international meetings and conferences are also held here, and excursions are organized for tourists.

Theater Les Celestins is the main art center of the city of Lyon in France. This is an opera house that is suitable for grand performances and can accommodate over 1000 people. The horseshoe-shaped hall is divided into several levels, so even spectators sitting far from the stage can see and hear everything clearly. The interior is designed in a royal style using red and gold tones. The outside of the building is more austere and decorated with statues.

Les Celestins in Lyon, photo Mirej

For more than two centuries, Les Celestins has staged the best plays, operas, dramatic performances and concerts.

The Covent Garden Theater is well known throughout the world. Its stage hosts productions of the Royal Opera and Royal Ballet. Stars of world classical music have performed in this majestic building since 1858.

Royal Opera House Convent Garden, photo

Previously, it was possible to enter the theater only before the start of the performance if you had a ticket. Today you can explore it by taking a short excursion.

Another famous world stage is the Metropolitan Opera musical theater on Broadway in New York. This is the best theater. Celebrities such as Enrico Caruso and Placido Domingo played leading roles here.

The Metropolitan Opera House, photo Blehgoaway

The Met puts on more than two hundred performances each year. From time to time they are broadcast on television and radio.

9. Odeon of Herodes Atticus

If you want to visit a theater that is as old as art itself, head to the Odeon of Herodes Atticus in . This is a classic ancient amphitheater built in 161 AD. e. There was originally a roof over it, but it was destroyed.

Odeon of Herodes Atticus in Athens, photo Yucatan

The theater seats 5,000 people and still hosts plays, ballets and other events on its stage. Even Elton John gave his concert at the Odeon.

10. Chicago Theater

The Chicago Theater was built in 1921 during what is known as the "Golden Age of Entertainment" and was the first luxury theater of its kind to house movies, musicals and shows. Gradually it became a hallmark of Chicago. Today, Chicago theater is a mixture of different genres and styles, from plays and comedies to dance shows and pop concerts.

The Chicago Theatre, photo by Leandro Neumann Ciuffo

There are still a huge number of theaters in the world, each of which is worthy of attention. During your travels through cities and countries, be sure to visit theaters, and it doesn’t matter whether they are famous throughout the world or known only in a small town. In any case, you will get a unique opportunity to touch the wonderful world of theatrical art.

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The purpose of the lesson

Get acquainted with the theatrical art of the peoples of the world. Find out what types of theater have in common among different peoples. Consolidate acquired knowledge by completing a creative task.

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Noo Theater

Noo, or noogaku, is a strict theatrical classic of Japan. It is the first developed form of traditional theatrical art in Japan. In addition to the aristocratic art of bugaku, in the middle of the 8th century, the folk theatrical art of sangaku was also brought to Japan from the mainland: comic mimance, comic skits and stories, folk songs and dances, acrobatics, magic tricks, juggling, puppeteers, etc. From sangaku by the end of the 11th century century, the art of sarugaku developed, the participants of which came from the lower strata of society. They demonstrated their art during religious holidays, when crowds of believers flocked to churches. The art of sarugaku quickly became popular, and at the end of the 12th century many professional sarugaku troupes appeared, patronized by large temples and monasteries, the richest of which had their own sarugaku acting troupes, called "za". The resulting opportunity for unification was able to enrich the art of sarugaku with borrowings from court and rural songs and dances. A special form of theatrical art, sa-rugaku no noo, arose, which became the prototype of the future noo drama, and the comic elements of sarugaku developed into kyogen - a folk comedy dramatic genre. At the same time, theatrical art developed, based on the songs and dances of rural areas - dengaku, dengaku no noo, which by the end of the 14th century merged with sarugaku no noo. On their basis, two outstanding Japanese theater figures Kan'ami and Zeami created the noo theater.

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The performances were of a ceremonial nature and were held on special occasions: the coming to power, the marriage of feudal lords, appointments to high positions, the birth of sons of high-ranking officials, their coming of age. Only noble people were invited to the performance. The performance lasted for several days; only up to 5 thousand people could attend. It was difficult to get invitations, so there was a struggle among influential people. Those invited received gifts and treats at the performances.

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The performances took place on a wooden stage, above which a roof rose on wooden poles. The stage was open on 3 sides; on the back wall, a pine tree was depicted on a golden background - a symbol of longevity and a benevolent greeting to the audience. At the beginning, the audience sat on mats on the floor, now they put chairs. The orchestra is located behind the back wall, and KOKEN sits with them - a person who helps the actors adjust their mask, wig or dress. The actors are dressed in traditional Japanese clothing from the late 15th century. There are wigs on the heads and masks on the faces.

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The masks were made of wood and coated with a special varnish. Masks were divided into men's and women's. Male - old people, young men, boys, nobles, commoners, good, evil, blind, masks of gods and ghosts. Women's - girls, middle-aged women, old women, crazy, jealous, beautiful, ugly, ghosts. The orchestra played flute (fue), drums (kotsuzumi, otsuzumi, taiko)

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Kabuki Theater

Traditional theater in Japan. It is a synthesis of singing, music, dance and drama, the performers use complex makeup and costumes with a large symbolic load. All roles are played by women. Initially, kabuki was largely crude and obscene performances; many actresses led an immoral lifestyle. Because of this, kabuki was sometimes called "theater of singing and dancing courtesans" for its name. Later, the place of women was taken by boys, who were no less accessible. Since 1653, only men were allowed to act in the theater. Actors playing female roles are called onnagata or oyama

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The Sydney Opera House is a musical theater in Sydney, one of the most famous and easily recognizable buildings in the world.

The Opera House is recognized as one of the outstanding structures of modern architecture in the world and, along with the Harbor Bridge, has been the hallmark of Sydney since 1973.

The most famous theater in Covent Garden is the Royal Opera House (Royal Opera House, but more often it is simply called Covent Garden) - London's Bolshoi and London's Mariinsky Theater. Covent Garden is the largest opera stage in Great Britain. Founded in 1732 as an opera and drama theater (2250 seats). In 1808 it was rebuilt, and from 1847 it became exclusively an opera house (this event was marked by the production of Rossini's opera "Semiramide"). After the great fire of 1856, the theater was rebuilt and has remained in this form to this day.

The Metropolitan Opera is a musical theater at Lincoln Center in New York, New York, USA.

It is often called Met for short. The theater belongs to the most famous opera stages in the world.

The Metropolitan Opera Company was founded in 1880 and was located in the Cleveland Cady Opera House on Broadway. A fire on August 27, 1892 severely damaged the building. After restoration work, the opera reopened, and the building was used until 1966, when the company's management decided to move the opera house to a new location. In 1966 the building was demolished.