Archaic sculpture and vase painting of ancient Greece presentation. Presentation "Ancient Greek vase painting". Abstract images of warriors, men, women, chariots, birds and animals were applied with belts of unequal size and conveyed the rhythm of a circular movement.

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During the archaic period, a special state system began to take shape, which then united the Greek states: not a single state expanding in the pursuit of world domination, as in the East, but a number of small states within boundaries determined by the island nature and clan organization. Each Greek polis (city-state) had its own dialect, its own gods and heroes, calendar and coin. The dominant factor in the creation of the ancient Greek - a citizen of the polis - was the feeling of freedom, growing in the archaic period, reaching its apogee in the classical period and painfully lost in the Hellenistic period.

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Differences in the characters and preferences of citizens of individual policies led to rivalry and self-affirmation of the ancient Greeks in their separate corner - the policy. However, impressive evidence of the Greeks belonging to a certain unity were the Greco-Persian wars, defensive for the Greeks, as well as the opportunity to participate in the Olympic Games.

Stadium in Ancient Olympia.

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OLYMPIC GAMES, in antiquity the oldest and most famous of the Panhellenic games. They celebrated in honor of Olympian Zeus every four years, in the summer, in Elis (a region in the north-west of the Peloponnese) in the Holy City of Olympia at the foot of Mount Olympus.

Reconstruction of the Temple of Zeus at Olympia.

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In April 1896, on the initiative of Pierre de Coubertin, the First Olympics took place in Athens, marking the beginning of the modern Olympic movement.

Oh sport, you are the world!

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During the archaic period, all the most important trends characteristic of the mature art of Ancient Greece appeared. At this time, a slave-owning society was taking shape, in the depths of which the first shoots of democracy appeared. Science, literature, philosophical thinking, and theater are developing. The time of the first flowering of Greek art is coming. The Greek architectural order took shape (a system of proportional relationships between the supporting and load-bearing features of a building), which became one of the most important elements of architectural structures of subsequent centuries.

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All architectural achievements of that time, both constructive and decorative, are associated with the construction of temples. The temple, dedicated to the patron god of the city, was built with money

city-police, and thus belonged to the whole society. Nominally remaining the dwelling of God, it served earthly public purposes: it was the repository of the city treasury and artistic treasures, which were considered the property of the entire city-polis. The temple was built on the highest place, usually on the acropolis, dominating the city buildings, in the center of the city square, which served as a place for public meetings, festivals, and religious processions.

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In the process of development of Greek temple architecture, several types of temples emerged.

Types of Greek temples. 1 - peripter, 2 - pseudoperipter, 3 - pseudodipter, 4 - amphiprostyle, 5 - prostyle, 6 - temple in anta, 7 - tholos, 8 - monopter, 9 - dipter.

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The classic, most common type of Greek temple was the peripterus (which means “feathered”) - a rectangular temple surrounded on all sides by columns.

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As a result of the long evolution of the temple, an architectural system was formed, later called ORDER (which means “order”). In a narrow sense, an order is a system of relationships between columns (the load-bearing part) and the entablature (the load-bearing part).

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The Greek architectural order consisted of the following elements: a column, placed on a base or without a base, standing on a stylobate - the top slab of a stone base); the column is decorated with a capital, on which rests a supporting beam - an architrave, together with a decorative frieze and cornice, forming an entablature. The gable roof and cornice created triangular gables.

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During the archaic period, the order developed in two versions: Doric and Ionic

The Doric peripter stood on a stone base - a stereobat (usually of three steps). The column, decorated with vertical grooves - flutes, did not have a base; it was completed by a simple round pillow - echin, above it - a square slab - abacus. The frieze was an alternation of square slabs - metopes - and vertically elongated slabs - triglyphs. The metopes and pediments were decorated with sculptural reliefs.

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The columns of the Ionic order were replaced by female figures - caryatids.

Portico with caryatids in the Acropolis of Athens.

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The Greek architectural order found application not only in ancient architecture, but became the main element of the architecture of the Renaissance, Baroque, and Classicism.

Admiring the marble whiteness of the majestic ruins of ancient Greek shrines, we forget that ancient masters covered the walls of temples with multicolor paintings. The masterpieces of Greek architecture were proud of their polychrome (multi-color) decoration, shining in the sun with many colors: blue, red, green, gold. Time has destroyed the multi-colored decoration of ancient temples, but even time has no power over the perfection of ancient buildings.

Temple of Hera at Paestum

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Sculpture. The Archaic era is the time of birth of Greek monumental sculpture. The statues were carved from various types of stone, wood, and made from baked clay (terracotta). The highest achievement of archaic sculpture is the development of the image of man in the statues of gods and goddesses, heroes, warriors - kouros, girls - cor. Until the middle of the 6th century. BC. statues of gods and goddesses were created strictly frontal, as if frozen in solemn peace, the convention of abstract geometric forms reminiscent of the art of Ancient Egypt.

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The image of kouros runs through all archaic art ("kouros" - translated from Greek - a young man). Carving a naked figure from marble (according to the ancient Greeks, human perfection could be revealed through a chaste image of healthy nudity, glorifying the natural principle), the sculptor sought to emphasize the characteristic features of an athletically developed body - broad shoulders, a narrow waist, strong legs with clearly defined protrusions of the kneecaps , resembling pillars. The statue, which the master created by order of the residents of the city-polis, was supposed to express society’s idea of ​​​​the beauty of a courageous and energetic person, capable of defending his homeland in difficult times for the city from the enemy, the elements and, perhaps, from the wrath of the gods.

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The earliest statues of kouros warriors are distinguished by their sharp, rough interpretation of forms, isolation, and static nature. and strict frontality of the image. By the middle of the 6th century. A smile appears on the lips of the kouros, characteristic of sculptural images of that time, called “archaic”. From the second half of the 6th century. BC. There is a noticeable interest in the proportions of the human body, a desire to convey a real human image. One of the achievements of archaic sculpture was the statues of kor girls in elegant clothes, found in the Athenian Acropolis.

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Compared to the geometric style of the Homeric period in vase painting, the ornamentation is inferior to plot-narrative images. In painting on vases in the 7th century, craftsmen used contour drawings with white and purple paints. The structure of the composition is frieze. Friezes of successive images of animals and people alternated with ornaments. This arrangement of images made the paintings look like oriental carpets. That is why this style of vase painting is called "carpet".

Battle of the Greek phalanxes.

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At the end of the 7th century. BC. The carpet style is being replaced by the black-figure style, which reached its highest peak in the 6th century. BC.

Black-figure amphora. Achilles with the body of Hector, whom he killed. Against the orange-red background of baked clay, free from ornament, human figures depicted with black varnish clearly stand out. Details were drawn with scratched lines or paints, white and purple.

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Athenian masters enjoyed the greatest fame. The signatures on the vases, testifying to the high appreciation of the art of ceramics by contemporaries, introduce us to dozens of talented craftsmen. The greatest master of black-figure vase painting was Exekius, who lived in the second half of the 6th century. BC. The favorite themes of the masters of black-figure vase painting are mythological subjects and scenes from the Homeric epic. The black-figure technique coped well with the tasks of decorating vases, but the conventional flat nature of the image limited artists in conveying movement. The exquisite decorativeness of the painting, which somewhat interferes with the realistic rendering of images, is a feature characteristic of archaic art.

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Exekius. Kilik "Dionysus sailing on the sea." On the outside of this vessel scenes of battles and eyes are depicted, which was supposed to protect the drinker from the evil eye. The days of the kylik are depicted according to a mythological plot. Exekius uses a legend about how unlucky pirates kidnapped the god Dionysus, not knowing that the kidnapped person was a god, and were going to sell him into slavery. The ship went out to the open sea, and suddenly wine poured over the deck, a grapevine entwined the mast, juicy clusters of grapes bent over the sail,

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At this time, a slave-owning society was taking shape, in the depths of which the first shoots of democracy appeared. Science, literature, philosophical thinking, and theater are developing. The time of the first flowering of Greek art is coming. The Archaic era is the time of the birth of Greek monumental sculpture. The Archaic period is the heyday of artistic crafts, especially vase painting.

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Homework:

Talk about the main cultural achievements of the archaic period: vase painting, architecture, sculpture, theater Read Homer’s “Iliad” or “Odyssey” Presentation on the topic of the lesson.

Class: 10

Presentation for the lesson

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Target: contribute to the formation of students' knowledge about the artistic culture of Ancient Greece.

Tasks:

• give an idea of ​​the nature of ancient Greek architecture and sculpture;
• introduce the concept of “order” in architecture;
• consider their types;
• identify the role of ancient Greek culture in the formation of European culture;

cultivate interest in the culture of other countries; Lesson type:

formation of new knowledge Lesson equipment

: G.I. Danilova MHC. From the origins to the 17th century: a textbook for 10th grade. – M.: Bustard, 2013. Presentation, computer, projector, interactive board.

During the classes

I. Class organization.

II. Preparing to accept a new topic

III. Learning new material

The land of Ancient Hellas still amazes with its majestic architectural structures and sculptural monuments.

Hellas - this is how its inhabitants called their country, and themselves - Hellenes, after the name of the legendary king - the ancestor of Hellen. Later this country was called Ancient Greece.

The blue sea splashed, going far beyond the horizon. Among the expanse of water, the islands were green with dense greenery.

The Greeks built cities on the islands. In every city there lived talented people who were able to speak the language of lines, colors, and reliefs. SLIDE 2-3

Architectural appearance of ancient Hellas

“We love beauty without whimsicality and wisdom without effeminacy.” This is exactly how the ideal of Greek culture was expressed by a public figure of the 5th century. BC. Pericles Nothing superfluous is the main principle of the art and life of Ancient Greece. SLIDE 5

Order (Latin - order) is a type of architectural structure that takes into account the combination and interaction of load-bearing (supporting) and non-supporting (overlapping) elements. The most widespread were the Doric and Ionic (late 7th century BC) and, to a lesser extent, later (late 5th – early 4th century BC) the Corinthian order, which are widely used in architecture up to our time. SLIDE 6-7

In a Doric temple, the columns rise directly from the pedestal. They have no decorations except fluted stripes and vertical grooves. The Doric columns hold the roof with tension, you can see how hard it is for them. The top of the column is crowned by a capital (head). The trunk of a column is called its body. Doric temples have very simple capitals. The Doric order, as the most laconic and simple, embodied the idea of ​​masculinity and tenacity of character of the Greek tribes of the Dorians.

It is characterized by the strict beauty of lines, shapes and proportions. SLIDE 8-9.

The columns of the Ionic temple are taller and thinner. Below it is raised above the pedestal. The fluted grooves on its trunk are more frequent and flow like folds of thin fabric. And the capital has two curls. SLIDE 9-11

The name comes from the city of Corinth. They are richly decorated with plant motifs, among which images of acanthus leaves predominate.

Sometimes a vertical support in the form of a female figure was used as a column. It was called a caryatid. SLIDE 12-14

The Greek order system was embodied in stone temples, which, as you know, served as a dwelling for the gods. The most common type of Greek temple was the peripterus. Peripterus (Greek - “pteros”, i.e. “feathered”, surrounded by columns around the perimeter). On its long side there were 16 or 18 columns, on the shorter side 6 or 8. The temple was a room shaped like an elongated rectangle in plan. SLIDE 15

Athens Acropolis

5th century BC - the heyday of the ancient Greek city-states. Athens is becoming the largest political and cultural center of Hellas. In the history of Ancient Greece, this time is usually called the “Golden Age of Athens.” It was then that the construction of many architectural structures was carried out here, included in the treasury of world art. This time is the reign of the leader of the Athenian democracy, Pericles. SLIDE 16

The most remarkable buildings are located on the Acropolis of Athens. Here were the most beautiful temples of Ancient Greece. The Acropolis not only decorated the great city, first of all it was a shrine. When a person first came to Athens, he first of all saw

Acropolis. SLIDE 17

Acropolis means “upper city” in Greek. Situated on a hill. Temples were built here in honor of the Gods. All work on the Acropolis was supervised by the great Greek architect Phidias. Phidias gave 16 whole years of his life to the Acropolis. He revived this colossal creation. All temples were built entirely from marble. SLIDE 18

SLIDE 19-38 These slides show the plan of the Acropolis, with a detailed description of architectural monuments and sculpture.

On the southern slope of the Acropolis was the Theater of Dionysus, which could seat 17 thousand people. It played out tragic and comedic scenes from the life of gods and people. The Athenian public reacted lively and temperamentally to everything that happened before their eyes. SLIDE 39-40

Fine art of Ancient Greece. Sculpture and vase painting.

Ancient Greece entered the history of world artistic culture thanks to its remarkable works of sculpture and vase painting. Sculptures adorned the squares of ancient Greek cities and the facades of architectural structures in abundance. According to Plutarch (c. 45-c. 127), there were more statues in Athens than living people. SLIDE 41-42

The earliest works that have survived to our time are kouros and koras, created in the archaic era.

Kouros is a type of statue of a young athlete, usually naked. Reached significant sizes (up to 3 m). Kouros were placed in sanctuaries and on tombs; they had predominantly memorial significance, but could also be cult images. Kuros are surprisingly similar to each other, even their poses are always the same: upright static figures with a leg extended forward, arms with palms clenched into a fist, extended along the body. Their facial features are devoid of individuality: the regular oval of the face, the straight line of the nose, the oblong shape of the eyes; full, protruding lips, large and round chin. The hair behind the back forms a continuous cascade of curls. SLIDE 43-45

The figures of kor (girls) are the embodiment of sophistication and sophistication. Their poses are also monotonous and static. Steeply curled curls, intercepted by tiaras, are parted and fall down to the shoulders in long symmetrical strands. There is a mysterious smile on all faces. SLIDE 46

The ancient Hellenes were the first to think about what a beautiful person should be, and sang the beauty of his body, the courage of his will and the strength of his mind. Sculpture received particular development in Ancient Greece, reaching new heights in conveying portrait features and the emotional state of a person. The main theme of the sculptors' works was man - the most perfect creation of nature.

The images of people by the artists and sculptors of Greece begin to come to life, move, they learn to walk and slightly put their foot back, frozen in mid-step. SLIDE 47-49

Ancient Greek sculptors really liked to sculpt statues of athletes, as they called people of great physical strength, athletes. The most famous sculptors of that time are: Myron, Polykleitos, Phidias. SLIDE 50

Myron is the most beloved and popular among Greek portrait sculptors. Myron's statues of winning athletes brought him the greatest fame. SLIDE 51

Statue “Discobolus”. Before us is a beautiful young man, ready to throw a discus. It seems that in a moment the athlete will straighten up and the disc thrown with great force will fly into the distance.

Miron, one of the sculptors who sought to convey a sense of movement in his works. The statue is 25 centuries old. Only copies have survived to this day and are stored in various museums around the world. SLIDE 52

Polykleitos was an ancient Greek sculptor and art theorist who worked in Argos in the 2nd half of the 5th century BC. Polykleitos wrote the treatise “The Canon”, where he first spoke about what forms an exemplary sculpture could and should have. Developed a kind of “mathematics of beauty”. He carefully looked at the beauties of his time and deduced proportions, observing which one could build a correct, beautiful figure. The most famous work of Polykleitos is “Doriphoros” (Spearman) (450–440 BC). It was believed that the sculpture was created based on the provisions of the treatise. SLIDE 53-54

Statue of “Doriphoros”.

A handsome and powerful young man, apparently the winner of the Olympic Games, walks slowly with a short spear on his shoulder. This work embodied the ancient Greeks’ ideas about beauty. Sculpture has long remained a canon (model) of beauty. Polykleitos sought to portray a person at rest. Standing or walking slowly. SLIDE 55

Around 500 BC. In Athens, a boy was born who was destined to become the most famous sculptor of all Greek culture. He earned the fame of the greatest sculptor. Everything that Phidias did remains the hallmark of Greek art to this day. SLIDE 56-57

The most famous work of Phidias is the statue of “Olympian Zeus.” The figure of Zeus was made of wood, and parts from other materials were attached to the base using bronze and iron nails and special hooks. The face, hands and other parts of the body were made of ivory - it is quite close in color to human skin. Hair, beard, cloak, sandals were made of gold, eyes - of precious stones. Zeus's eyes were the size of an adult's fist. The base of the statue was 6 meters wide and 1 meter high. The height of the entire statue together with the pedestal was, according to various sources, from 12 to 17 meters. The impression was created “that if he (Zeus) wanted to get up from the throne, he would blow the roof off.” SLIDE 58-59

Sculptural masterpieces of Hellenism.

In the Hellenistic era, classical traditions were replaced by a more complex understanding of the inner world of man. New themes and plots appear, the interpretation of well-known classical motifs changes, and approaches to depicting human characters and events become completely different. Among the sculptural masterpieces of Hellenism one should name: “Venus de Milo” by Agesander, sculptural groups for the frieze of the Great Altar of Zeus in Pergamon; “Nike of Samothrocia by an unknown author, “Laocoon with his sons” by sculptors Agesander, Athenadore, Polydorus. SLIDE 60-61

Antique vase painting.

Just as beautiful as the architecture and sculpture was the painting of Ancient Greece, the development of which can be judged by the drawings decorating the vases that have come down to us, starting from the 11th–10th centuries. BC e. Ancient Greek craftsmen created a great variety of vessels for various purposes: amphoras - for storing olive oil and wine, kraters - for mixing wine with water, lekythos - a narrow vessel for oil and incense. SLIDE 62-64

The vessels were modeled from clay and then painted with a special composition - it was called “black varnish”. Black-figure painting was called black-figure painting, for which the natural color of baked clay served as the background. Red-figure painting was a painting for which the background was black and the images had the color of baked clay. The subjects for painting were legends and myths, scenes of everyday life, school lessons, and athletic competitions. Time has not been kind to the antique vases - many of them broke. But thanks to the painstaking work of archaeologists, some were able to be glued together, but to this day they delight us with their perfect shapes and the shine of black varnish. SLIDE 65-68

The culture of Ancient Greece, having reached a high degree of development, subsequently had a huge influence on the culture of the whole world. SLIDE 69

IV. Reinforcing the material covered

V. Homework

Textbook: chapter 7-8. Prepare reports on the work of one of the Greek sculptors: Phidias, Polykleitos, Myron, Scopas, Praxiteles, Lysippos.

VI. Lesson summary

Description of the presentation by individual slides:

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Periodization of ancient Greek art Age of Geometry (c. 1050 BC - 8th century BC) Archaic period (VII - VI centuries BC) Classical period (5th century BC .- middle 4th century BC) Hellenism (334 BC-30 BC)

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The Age of Geometrics (c. 1050 BC - 8th century BC) The era was named after the type of vase painting. Ancient Greek vase painting is a decorative painting of vessels made using ceramic methods, that is, with special paints followed by firing. The ancient Greeks painted all types of pottery used for storage, eating, rituals and holidays. Works of ceramics, decorated with special care, were donated to temples or invested in burials. Ceramic vessels and their fragments that have undergone strong firing and are resistant to environmental influences have been preserved in the tens of thousands, which is why ancient Greek vase painting is indispensable in establishing the age of archaeological finds.

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The painting that gave its name to the period is best represented. Her style is based on geometricity, tools begin to be used - compasses, rulers. In the heyday of geometrics, mostly closed vessels predominated, the entire surface of which was covered with geometric patterns. Specifically Greek features begin to form: register-based painting, as well as patterns - meanders (a border composed of right angles folded into a continuous line), teeth, triangles, waves, grids. VARIETIES OF MEANDER

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The era of late geometry was called “Depylonian” after the vessels found at the Depylonian Gate in Athens. Images of geometrized animals appear. The quality of pottery improves, large forms appear. Paintings are carried out using brown varnish. In the later period, purple and white begin to be added. Images of humans are made practically according to the ancient Egyptian canon. They really like the image of horses. The surface of the vases is polished - they are passed with liquid diluted varnish, obtaining a pinkish-golden color. No large sculptures have survived. Small ones are divided into several styles: the “body” style - massive figurines, stone, terracotta, painted in a geometric style, the “extended limbs” style - metal, great attachment to real proportions Horse, bronze, Olympia, ca. 740 BC

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In architecture, the Hellenes of the Geometric period started from scratch - with mud brick (the previous period was characterized by Cyclopean masonry). Megaron is a Greek house with a rectangular plan with a fireplace in the middle. Scheme of an ancient Greek megaron type temple

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Archaic period (VII - VI centuries BC) Temple of Poseidon The next period in the history of Greece is called "archaic". This era, covering the 9th-6th centuries. BC, - the time of the formation of Greek city-states. The rapid development of these cities contributed to the flourishing of culture and art. In the VII-VI centuries. BC. Greek writing spreads, sciences flourish - mathematics, medicine, astronomy, philosophy emerges. The growth of cities (polises) was primarily reflected in the development of monumental architecture. The temple, in which statues of gods were placed, became the main type of public building and dominated the development of the city, located in its central square. It usually hosted public meetings and religious festivals. The whole life of the polis and its citizens was concentrated around the Greek temple. That is why great attention was paid to the architecture of the temple.

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Already in the 7th century. BC. architects developed a system of relationships between the load-bearing and non-supporting parts of the building. This system, which formed the basis of the architecture of the entire Western world, was called order. The early orders are considered to be “Doric” (it developed in the Peloponnese and Magna Graecia, i.e. in the Greek colonies of Sicily and southern Italy) and “Ionic”, born on the coast of Asia Minor. The Greeks built temples from hewn cubes of limestone or marble without any binding solution. The architectural details of the constructed temple were painted in different colors, as well as individual elements of the sculpture.

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The Doric order column rested directly on the stylobate. Its trunk was decorated with many grooves-flutes. The column was completed by a simple capital, consisting of a round stone cushion (echin) and a rectangular slab (abacus). Above the columns there was an entablature consisting of three parts. Directly on the columns lay an architrave, on it was a frieze of alternating rectangular slabs (metopes) and vertical slabs with grooves (triglyphs). There was a cornice above the frieze. The front and rear facades of the temples were decorated with triangular pediments, in which sculptures were usually placed. The Ionic order was distinguished by greater lightness and grace of proportions. The column rested on the base, and the capital that crowned it had two curls - volutes.

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The most common type of Greek temple was the peripterus. Such a temple stood on a high podium, its central volume (naos) was surrounded by columns of the Doric or Ionic order. The interior space of the temple (naos, or cella) was divided into three naves by two rows of columns. In the middle nave, on the wall opposite the entrance, stood a statue of the god. One of the most significant temples of the archaic era is the Temple of Apollo in Corinth in the second half of the 6th century. BC. This is a Doric peripterus with a six-column portico. Its squat proportions are characteristic of the early Doric order. A portico is a gallery formed by load-bearing columns, located in front of the entrance to the building. Nave (French nef, from Latin navis - ship) - an elongated room, part of the interior, limited on one or both longitudinal sides by a number of columns or pillars separating it from neighboring naves

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This period was also the time of birth of the famous Greek plastic arts. Works appeared in sculpture that convey a human image close to reality. The development of sculpture was determined by the aesthetic needs of society. Frequent armed clashes between peoples required great physical strength from warriors. From a young age, the Greeks engaged in gymnastic exercises, which developed body strength and fortitude. The ancient Hellenes were sure that physical beauty testifies to an equally beautiful spirit. The formation of such a worldview was greatly facilitated by the Olympic Games, the winners of which were considered equal to gods. The image of a beautiful person was embodied in statues of young men, the so-called kouros.

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KUROS (Greek kú ros - young man) In the guise of kouros, gods, most often Apollo, and heroes, including athletes - winners of sports competitions, were represented. Sometimes such statues served as gravestones. Almost all such sculptures are of the same type: as a rule, it is a full-length figure with a simplified geometric silhouette, one half of the body is a mirror image of the other. Shackled posture, outstretched arms pressed to the muscular body. Not the slightest tilt or turn of the head, but the lips opened in a smile. In the kouros statues, for the first time in ancient Greek sculpture, an attempt was made to depict the human body in movement. The left leg of each of the stone youths is extended - as if he is taking a step forward. At the same time, the figure remains strictly frontal (in order to maintain its unshakable straightness, the sculptors made the left “walking” leg longer than the right). The kouros statues radiate confident strength, their faces illuminated with a mysterious “archaic” smile.

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KORA (Greek kó rē – girl), a statue of an upright girl in long robes. These were images of young priestesses of Athena, which were usually placed on the Acropolis. The girls were depicted standing motionless in long peplos, tied with a belt. The bark's head, with long wavy hair, could be decorated with a wreath, her ears would have earrings, and she would hold a wreath or branch in her left hand.

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The sculptor amazingly conveys the face of a young priestess with almond-shaped eyes, thin arched eyebrows, and an elusive smile. It should be noted that archaic sculptures were not completely white; traces of paint remained on many statues. The bark's hair was golden, her eyes and eyebrows were black, and the pinkish tone of the marble perfectly conveyed the color of the human body. The clothes of the priestesses were no less elegant.

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Along with architecture and sculpture, vase painting was the most developed area of ​​artistic culture during the Archaic period. Styles of vase painting such as black-figure pottery are associated with the late Archaic period. Hydria black-figure Crater black-figure

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Later, masters, trying to convey space, volume and movement, change the technique of depiction, and silhouette black-figure painting is replaced by red-figure painting. The red-figure style made it possible to realize the plan: the paintings received the necessary volume and depth of space.

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During the Archaic period, the earliest forms of ancient Greek art developed - sculpture and vase painting, which became more realistic in the later classical period. Poetry flourished, in which architects, vase painters, and the most famous musicians were glorified. The Archaic period, during which a system of architectural orders was created, marked the beginning of Greek sculpture and painting, and determined the path for the further evolution of Hellenic culture.

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Classical period (5th century BC - mid-4th century BC) The next, classical, period in the history of Ancient Greece was the heyday of its civilization, and the V-IV centuries. BC. - the time of highest achievements. At this time, Athens came to the fore, which was largely due to the establishment of democracy there. The Athenian state became an example in its desire to develop the culture of its citizens. Theatre, sports competitions, and all kinds of celebrations became available not only to aristocrats, but also to ordinary citizens. The cult of the body and physical beauty has become one of the aspects of personality education. The flourishing of architecture and the scope of construction characterize the cultural rise of Athens in the 5th century. BC. The sculpture of Athenian masters became an example of classical perfection.

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Ordinary citizens of the city have the opportunity to decide important issues of political life at a public meeting. The idea of ​​realizing oneself as citizens of the polis, and not just its inhabitants, was reflected primarily in the works of Sophocles, Euripides, Aeschylus, whose tragedies contributed to the successful development of Greek theater. In many ways, it was the latter, being publicly accessible, that fostered patriotism and citizenship.

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The ideal of a human hero, perfect physically and morally, was fully embodied in art. Most of the sculptures have come down to us in late Roman copies. Among the surviving Greek originals is the famous statue of the "Delphic Charioteer", created around 470 BC.

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The young man is depicted full-length wearing a long chiton, tied with a belt at the waist, with reins in his hands. The flowing folds of his clothing resemble the flutes of a Doric column, but his face with eyes made of colored stone acquires extraordinary liveliness and spirituality. This image, full of harmony, personifies the ideal of a perfect person, equal to the heroes of the epic. Delphic charioteer in chiton

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During the period of early classics, masters of the 5th century. BC. successfully solve the problem of synthesis of architecture and sculpture. Both appear as completely equal, complementary arts. The sculptural decoration of the pediments of the Temple of Zeus at Olympia (470-456 BC) is the best example of this. One of the pediments depicted a scene of the competition between Pelops and Oenomaus, which marked the beginning of the Olympic Games. The subject of the composition on the opposite pediment was the battle of heroes with centaurs.

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In the center of the pediment is a tall figure of Apollo. On either side of him are centaurs fighting with the heroes. The faces of the latter - calm and courageous - demonstrate strength of spirit and confidence in victory. The whole idea of ​​the sculptural composition symbolizes the victory of the rational principle, embodied in Apollo and the Greek heroes, over the unbridled forces of nature in the person of the centaurs. The compositional solution of the sculptural groups is very thoughtful. The drama gradually increases towards the center, and suddenly Apollo, with his imperious gesture, seems to pacify this chaos.

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The great achievement of Greek classics is undoubtedly the art of relief. The most famous work of this type of sculpture is the relief “The Birth of Aphrodite” (470-460 BC). This is a whole composition consisting of three reliefs made of Parian marble. The central one depicts the very moment of the birth of the goddess from sea foam. Two girls support Aphrodite, covering her body with a thin flowing fabric. On one of the side plates there is a naked girl playing the flute, on the other - a woman, sitting in the same position and draped in long clothes, lights an incense burner in honor of Aphrodite

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Middle and third quarter of the 5th century. BC. - this is the period when the leading masters of Greek plastic art - Myron, Polykleitos and Phidias - worked. Their works have reached us only in Roman marble copies of the 1st-2nd centuries. AD Myron's most famous work is "Discobolus" (460-450 BC). Myron was concerned with the problem of depicting movement, capturing that moment that lies between the swing and the throw itself. The body caught in the movement is curved and tense, like a spring ready to unfold. Under the elastic skin of the arm pulled back, trained muscles bulged. The toes, forming a reliable support, pressed deep into the sand. The sculptor conveys the full power of internal tension necessary for victory.

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Unlike his contemporary Myron, Polykleitos liked to depict athletes not during exercise, but at rest. This powerfully built man is full of self-esteem. He stands motionless in front of the viewer. But this is not the static peace of ancient Egyptian statues. In the 5th century BC e. stiffness disappears, figures acquire movement, proportions - beauty, faces - spirituality. V century BC. Bronze. Ancient Greece. Spearman (Doriphoros).

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One of the pinnacles of world artistic culture is the architectural and sculptural ensemble of the Athenian Acropolis, the construction of which is associated with the name of Phidias. On the Acropolis rock, on which settlements existed back in the Mycenaean era, in the 6th century. BC. erected many public buildings that were destroyed during the Greco-Persian Wars.

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In the 50-30s. V century BC, during the reign of Pericles, Athens was decorated with new majestic buildings, including the most significant of them - the Acropolis ensemble

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“Vase painting of Ancient Greece” - The vases depicted hunting, battles, dancing, etc. Vase painting flourished in Greece, which testifies to the Greeks’ love for color and paint. In the 6th century, a new style of painting on Greek vessels appeared in Athens. Ancient Greece. Geometric style. Red-figure style. Athlete, victorious hero. A favorite theme in the art of Ancient Greece was man.

“Culture of Ancient Greece” - Schools taught writing, counting, singing and dancing. 8. Studying a new topic “Theater of Dionysus” Getting good grades. Find errors in the text: Skene. Solving historical problems and puzzles. Culture of ancient Greece. Painting School Architecture Sculpture Olympic Games Theater. 3. Find errors in the student’s work:

“Culture and History of Greece” - The essence of things is revealed to people of a philosophical bent. In Greek myths, many parallels can be drawn with the legends of other peoples. Greece. The knowledge of the ancient Greeks about the origin of the Universe and man is impressive. Modern sculptors learn from the masterpieces of ancient Greek masters. And nothing seems to change over time.

“Schools of Ancient Greece” - Logical chain. II. Hayrete paides! In the 6th century BC. Pythagoras compiled a multiplication table. The schools educated the sons of free Greeks from the age of 7. On one side the stylus was sharp. School and science in Ancient Greece. Eratosthenes is the father of geography. In the palestras, boys learned to read, write, and count. Ancient Greek alphabet, writing.

“Culture in Ancient Greece” - POSEIDON is one of the Olympian gods. Gods of ancient Greece. Project goal: Ancient Greece. Already the monumental Cretan palaces of the 19th-16th centuries. are amazing in scale. HERMES, god of trade and profit. (Video). A small sum was awarded for the right to enter the theater. Show Greece: Talk about literature, writing, music, religion, theater, architecture.

"Olympic Games in Ancient Greece" - Olympic Games. Pentathlon: Running Long jump Javelin throw Discus throw Wrestling. Start of the games. Running with weapons. First Olympic Games. The reward is a laurel wreath. Home of the Olympic Games. The winner became heroes. Fist fight. Chariot racing. The next three days were devoted to competitions. Sports days.

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VASE WRITING OF ANCIENT GREECE

Athens is one of the most beautiful cities of Ancient Greece. It is famous for its architecture (Parthenon, temple of Athena Nike, theater), sculptures (bronze statue of Athena Promachos (warrior) and statue of Zeus by Phidias). Today we are interested in one of the city districts – Keramik.

The word “ceramics” comes from the name of the Athenian suburb of Keramik, where particularly skilled potters worked. Ceramics refers to all types of products made from baked clay, and the art of pottery itself. Ceramics were a companion throughout the life of ancient man. When he emerged from the eternal night into daylight, she stood at his cradle, he took his first sip from her. She decorated even the poorest hut. Family supplies were stored in it. It was a reward for the winner at the games.

Greek pottery was intended for constant use, but despite its functionality, it was skillfully decorated with painting. The shape, size, and painting of the vessels - everything was subject to strict rules that the artist had to know well.

AMPHORA FORM AND PURPOSE OF THE VESSEL

PELIKA FORM AND PURPOSE OF THE VESSEL

HYDRIA FORM AND PURPOSE OF THE VESSEL

CRATER FORM AND PURPOSE OF THE VESSEL

KILIK FORM AND PURPOSE OF THE VESSEL

KANFAR FORM AND PURPOSE OF THE VESSEL

LEKYTHUS FORM AND PURPOSE OF THE VESSEL

OINOCHOYA FORM AND PURPOSE OF THE VESSEL

SKYTHOS FORM AND PURPOSE OF THE VESSEL

STAMNOS FORM AND PURPOSE OF THE VESSEL

On ancient Greek vases one can distinguish an ornament and a picture - a plot painting. The less important parts of the vase – the leg and neck – were decorated with ornaments. Often it was a pattern of leaves reminiscent of palm trees - palmette. A meander was very common - a pattern in the form of a broken or curved line with curls. There is a legend that a long time ago in Greece, people saw a river bed from a high hill. It wriggled and looked like a loop. This is how the famous Greek meander pattern arose. ORNAMENTAL PAINTING

The main part of the vessel, its body, is occupied by a painting - a plot painting, which depicts genre and mythological scenes. From them we can get an idea of ​​what the ancient Greeks looked like, their clothing, customs - after all, the paintings on the vases depicted both mythological heroes and everyday scenes. The paintings glorified exactly what was most valued and worshiped. And they worshiped the perfection and beauty of man. STORY PAINTING

STYLES OF PAINTING ANTIQUE VASES The most ancient is geometric. The carpet style is characteristic of the Corinth region. If the background of the vase is orange-red and the figures are black, then this style is called black-figure. The drawing is based on a silhouette. On black-figure vessels, silhouette details were scratched onto the lacquer surface. The body of female figures is painted white. Later, black-figure painting was replaced by a more advanced one - red-figure painting. The figures themselves are left in a warm clay color, and the background is covered with a shiny black varnish. Details are no longer scratched, but are indicated by thin black lines, this allows you to work out the muscles, convey thin folds of clothing, and wavy curls. The human head was depicted in profile on both black-figure and red-figure vases.

BLACK-FIGURE STYLES OF PAINTING ANTIQUE VASES

RED-FIGURE STYLES OF PAINTING ANTIQUE VASES

The goddess Athena was considered the patroness of pottery. This is what her masters asked for. Heed the prayers, Athena, guarding the stove with your right hand. Let the Pots and Bottles and Bowls come out great! So that they get burned well and get enough profit.