Essay on the Unified State Exam: “Man and nature. Essay on the Unified State Exam based on the text by Prishvin: How does nature influence humans? The problem of the impact of nature on humans

Passing the Unified State Exam is just a small test that every student will have to go through on their way to adulthood. Already today, many graduates are familiar with submitting essays in December, and then with passing the Unified State Exam in the Russian language. The topics that may come up for writing an essay are completely different. And today we will give several examples of what works can be taken as an argument “Nature and Man”.

About the topic itself

Many authors have written about the relationship between man and nature (arguments can be found in many works of world classical literature).

To properly address this topic, you need to correctly understand the meaning of what you are being asked about. Most often, students are asked to choose a topic (if we are talking about an essay on literature). Then you can choose from several statements by famous personalities. The main thing here is to read the meaning that the author introduced into his quote. Only then can the role of nature in human life be explained. You will see arguments from the literature on this topic below.

If we are talking about the second part of the exam paper in the Russian language, then here the student is given a text. This text usually contains several problems - the student independently chooses the one that seems easiest to him to solve.

It must be said that few students choose this topic because they see difficulties in it. Well, everything is very simple, you just need to look at the works from the other side. The main thing is to understand what arguments from the literature about man and nature can be used.

Problem one

Arguments (“The problem of man and nature”) can be completely different. Let's take such a problem as man's perception of nature as something living. Problems of nature and man, arguments from literature - all this can be put together into one whole, if you think about it.

Arguments

Let's take Leo Tolstoy's War and Peace. What can be used here? Let us remember Natasha, who, leaving the house one night, was so amazed by the beauty of peaceful nature that she was ready to spread her arms like wings and fly away into the night.

Let us remember the same Andrey. Experiencing severe emotional unrest, the hero sees an old oak tree. How does he feel about this? He perceives the old tree as a powerful, wise creature, which makes Andrei think about the right decision in his life.

At the same time, if the beliefs of the heroes of “War and Peace” support the possibility of the existence of a natural soul, then the main character of Ivan Turgenev’s novel “Fathers and Sons” thinks completely differently. Since Bazarov is a man of science, he denies any manifestation of the spiritual in the world. Nature was no exception. He studies nature from the point of view of biology, physics, chemistry and other natural sciences. However, natural wealth does not inspire any faith in Bazarov - it is only an interest in the world around him, which will not change.

These two works are perfect for exploring the theme “Man and Nature”; it is not difficult to give arguments.

Second problem

The problem of man's awareness of the beauty of nature is also often found in classical literature. Let's look at the available examples.

Arguments

For example, the same work by Leo Tolstoy “War and Peace”. Let's remember the first battle in which Andrei Bolkonsky took part. Tired and wounded, he carries the banner and sees clouds in the sky. What emotional excitement Andrei experiences when he sees the gray sky! Beauty that makes him hold his breath, that gives him strength!

But besides Russian literature, we can consider works of foreign classics. Take Margaret Mitchell's famous work, Gone with the Wind. The episode of the book when Scarlett, having walked a long way home, sees her native fields, albeit overgrown, but so close, such fertile lands! How does the girl feel? She suddenly stops being restless, she stops feeling tired. A new surge of strength, the emergence of hope for the best, the confidence that tomorrow everything will be better. It is nature and the landscape of her native land that saves the girl from despair.

Third problem

Arguments (“The role of nature in human life” is a topic) are also quite easy to find in the literature. It is enough to recall just a few works that tell us about the influence nature has on us.

Arguments

For example, “The Old Man and the Sea” by Ernest Hemingway would work well as an argumentative essay. Let's remember the main features of the plot: an old man goes to sea for big fish. A few days later he finally has a catch: a beautiful shark is caught in his net. Waging a long battle with the animal, the old man pacifies the predator. While the main character moves towards the house, the shark slowly dies. All alone, the old man begins to talk with the animal. The way home is very long, and the old man feels how the animal becomes like family to him. But he understands that if the predator is released into the wild, he will not survive, and the old man himself will be left without food. Other sea animals appear, hungry and smelling the metallic scent of the wounded shark's blood. By the time the old man arrives home, there is nothing left of the fish he caught.

This work clearly shows how easy it is for a person to get used to the world around him, how difficult it is often to lose some seemingly insignificant connection with nature. In addition, we see that man is able to withstand the elements of nature, which acts exclusively according to its own laws.

Or let’s take Astafiev’s work “The Fish Tsar”. Here we observe how nature is capable of reviving all the best qualities of a person. Inspired by the beauty of the world around them, the heroes of the story understand that they are capable of love, kindness, and generosity. Nature evokes in them the manifestation of the best qualities of character.

Fourth problem

The problem of environmental beauty is directly related to the problem of the relationship between man and nature. Arguments can also be drawn from Russian classical poetry.

Arguments

Let's take the Silver Age poet Sergei Yesenin as an example. We all know from middle school that in his lyrics Sergei Alexandrovich glorified not only female beauty, but also natural beauty. Coming from a village, Yesenin became an absolutely peasant poet. In his poems, Sergei glorified Russian nature, paying attention to those details that remain unnoticed by us.

For example, the poem “I don’t regret, I don’t call, I don’t cry” perfectly paints us the image of a blooming apple tree, the flowers of which are so light that they actually resemble a sweet haze among the greenery. Or the poem “I remember, my love, I remember,” which tells us about unhappy love, with its lines allows us to plunge into a beautiful summer night, when linden trees are in bloom, the sky is starry, and somewhere in the distance the moon is shining. It creates a feeling of warmth and romance.

Two more poets of the "golden age" of literature, who glorified nature in their poems, can be used as arguments. “Man and nature meet in Tyutchev and Fet. Their love lyrics constantly intersect with descriptions of natural landscapes. They endlessly compared the objects of their love to nature. Afanasy Fet’s poem “I came to you with greetings” became just one of these works. Reading the lines, you don’t immediately understand what exactly the author is talking about - about love for nature or about love for a woman, because he sees infinitely much in common in the features of a loved one with nature.

Fifth problem

Speaking about arguments (“Man and Nature”), one can encounter another problem. It consists of human intervention in the environment.

Arguments

As an argument that will reveal an understanding of this problem, one can name “The Heart of a Dog” by Mikhail Bulgakov. The main character is a doctor who decided to create a new man with the soul of a dog with his own hands. The experiment did not bring positive results, created only problems and ended unsuccessfully. As a result, we can conclude that what we create from a ready-made natural product can never become better than what was originally, no matter how much we try to improve it.

Despite the fact that the work itself has a slightly different meaning, this work can be viewed from this angle.

Arguments for an essay on the Russian language.
Nature. Part 1.
The problem of nature, attitude towards nature, animals, struggle with the natural world, intervention in the natural world, the beauty of nature, the influence of nature on human character.

Is man the king of nature or a part? Why is consumerism towards nature dangerous? What can man's struggle with the natural world lead to? (V.P. Astafiev “Tsar Fish”)

Astafiev tells us an instructive story about a talented fisherman who has a natural flair that is useful for fishing. However, this hero also trades in poaching, exterminating countless fish. Through his actions, the hero causes irreparable damage to nature. The reason for these actions is not hunger. Utrobin acts this way out of greed.
During one of these forays, a poacher catches a huge fish on his hook. Greed and ambition prevent the fisherman from calling his brother for help; he decides to catch a huge sturgeon at any cost. Over time, Ignatyich begins to go under water along with the fish. A turning point occurs in his soul, where he asks for forgiveness for all his sins before his brother, before the bride whom he offended. Having overcome greed, the fisherman calls his brother for help.
Ignatyich changes his attitude towards nature when he feels like the fish “tightly and carefully pressed against him with its thick and tender belly.” He understands that the fish is clinging to him because he is afraid of death just like him. He ceases to see in this living creature only a tool for profit. When the hero realizes his mistakes, liberation and cleansing of his soul from sins awaits him.
At the end of the story we see that nature has forgiven the fisherman and given him a new chance to atone for all his sins.
The struggle between Ignatyich and the king fish is a metaphor for the battle between man and nature, which takes place every day. By destroying nature, man dooms himself to extinction. By causing harm to nature, a person deprives himself of the environment of existence. By cutting down forests and destroying animals, man dooms himself to extinction.
This work also poses the question: can a person consider himself the king of nature. And Astafiev gives the answer: no, man is a part of nature, and not always the best. Only caring for nature can maintain the balance of life; countless destruction of what the world around us gives us can only lead to death. The pride of a person who imagines himself to be the “king of nature” only leads to destruction.
We need to love the world around us, exist in peace and harmony with it, respecting every living creature.

Essay in Unified State Exam format

(the problem of the influence of nature on humans)

(text by Gabriel Troepolsky).

Teacher of Russian language and literature MBOU "Salbinskaya Secondary School"

Lazareva M. V.

A lot of poems, songs, and stories have been written about nature, in which the authors express admiration for the beauty of forests, fields, rivers, and lakes. Let us remember Bunin, Pushkin, Lermontov, Bazhov, Fet, Tyutchev, Green, Troepolsky, Astafiev... Each of them has their own unique world of nature.

The text by K. G. Paustovsky describes one of the secluded corners of our Motherland, a place between the forests and the Oka, which is “called Prorva.” Here the meadows “look like the sea”, “the grasses stand like an impenetrable elastic wall”, the air is “thick, cool and healing”. The midnight cry of the corncrakes, the trembling of the foliage of the sedge - all this causes a healing effect on the writer’s soul: “Together with the fragrant, free, refreshing air, you will breathe into yourself serenity of thought, meekness of feeling, condescension towards others and even towards yourself.”

I think each of us has experienced something similar in our lives, so it’s hard not to agree that nature can change our inner world, make people kinder, better.

We can say with confidence that the problem of the influence of nature on humans will remain relevant at all times. In a poem by the outstanding 19th century poet M. Yu. Lermontov we read:

When the yellowing field is agitated,
And the fresh forest rustles with the sound of the breeze...

Then the anxiety of my soul is humbled,
Then the wrinkles on the forehead disperse, -
And I can comprehend happiness on earth,
And in the sky I see God.

This describes the amazing property of nature - to bring harmony into life, to give the opportunity to forget worries and worries, to give strength to live on.

A.S. Pushkin also admires this truly magical world of nature. For example, in one of the poems (“Autumn”) we have a beautiful image of fading nature:

It's a sad time! Ouch charm!

Your farewell beauty is pleasant to me -

I loveIlushnaturewithering,

Forests dressed in scarlet and gold...

It is impossible to take your eyes off the magnificent landscape. This picture is full of colors, it makes you happy, but at the same time it becomes a little sad, because winter is coming soon...

Of course, you can describe nature in different ways, but in one thing all these descriptions will be similar: nature cannot leave anyone indifferent, because it is a world of enchantment.

(293 words)

PAUSTOVSKY - MESHCHERSKAYA SIDE -

MEADOWS

Between the forests and the Oka River stretch a wide belt of water meadows.

At dusk, the meadows look like the sea. As if on the sea, the sun sets on the grass, and signal lights burn like beacons on the banks of the Oka. Just as in the sea, fresh winds blow over the meadows, and the high sky has overturned into a pale green bowl.

In the meadows the old riverbed of the Oka stretches for many kilometers. His name is Prorva.

This is a dead, deep and still river with steep banks. The banks are overgrown with tall, old, three-girth sedges, hundred-year-old willows, rose hips, umbrella grasses and blackberries.

We called one reach on this river “Fantastic Prorva”, because nowhere and none of us have seen such huge burdocks, twice the height of a man, blue thorns, such tall lungwort and horse sorrel and such gigantic puffball mushrooms as on this Ples.

The density of the grass in other places on Prorva is such that it is impossible to land ashore from a boat - the grass stands like an impenetrable elastic wall. They push people away. The grasses are intertwined with treacherous blackberry loops and hundreds of dangerous and sharp snares.

There is often a slight haze over Prorva. Its color changes depending on the time of day. In the morning there is a blue fog, in the afternoon there is a whitish haze, and only at dusk the air over Prorva becomes transparent, like spring water. The foliage of the sedges barely trembles, pink from the sunset, and the Prorvina pikes beat loudly in the pools.

In the mornings, when you can’t walk ten steps on the grass without getting completely wet from the dew, the air on Prorva smells of bitter willow bark, grassy freshness, and sedge. It is thick, cool and healing.

Every autumn I spend many days in a tent on Prorva. To get a vague idea of ​​what Prorva is, you should describe at least one Prorva day. I come to Prorva by boat. I have with me a tent, an axe, a lantern, a backpack with food, a sapper's shovel, some dishes, tobacco, matches and fishing equipment: fishing rods, donks, saddles, girders and, most importantly, a jar of underleaf worms. I collect them in the old garden under heaps of fallen leaves.

On Prorva I already have my favorite places, always very remote. One of them is a sharp turn in the river, where it spills into a small lake with very high banks overgrown with vines.

There I pitch a tent. But first of all, I haul hay. Yes, I confess, I drag hay from the nearest stack, I drag it very deftly, so that even the most experienced eye of an old collective farmer will not notice any flaw in the stack. I put the hay under the canvas floor of the tent. Then when I leave, I take it back.

The tent must be stretched so that it hums like a drum. Then you need to dig it in so that when it rains, water flows into the ditches on the sides of the tent and does not wet the floor.

The tent is set up. It is warm and dry. The bat lantern hangs on a hook. In the evening I light it and even read in the tent, but I usually don’t read for long - there is too much interference on Prorva: either a corncrake will start screaming behind a nearby bush, then a pound of fish will strike with a cannon roar, then a willow twig will shoot deafeningly in the fire and scatter sparks, then over a crimson glow will begin to flare up in the thickets and the gloomy moon will rise over the expanses of the evening earth. And immediately the corncrakes will subside and the bittern will stop buzzing in the swamps - the moon rises in wary silence. She appears as the owner of these dark waters, hundred-year-old willows, mysterious long nights.

Tents of black willows hang overhead. Looking at them, you begin to understand the meaning of old words. Obviously, such tents in former times were called “canopy”. Under the shade of willows...

And for some reason on such nights you call the constellation Orion Stozhari, and the word “midnight”, which in the city sounds, perhaps, like a literary concept, takes on real meaning here. This darkness under the willows, and the shine of the September stars, and the bitterness of the air, and the distant fire in the meadows where the boys guard the horses driven into the night - all this is midnight. Somewhere far away, a watchman is chiming the clock on a village bell tower. He hits for a long time, measuredly - twelve blows. Then again dark silence. Only occasionally on the Oka will a tugboat scream in a sleepy voice.

The night drags on slowly; there seems to be no end to it. The sleep in the tent on autumn nights is sound and fresh, despite the fact that you wake up every two hours and go out to look at the sky - to find out if Sirius has risen, if the streak of dawn is visible in the east.

The night is getting colder with each passing hour. By dawn, the air already burns your face with a slight frost, the tent flaps, covered with a thick layer of crisp frost, sag slightly, and the grass turns gray from the first matinee.

It's time to get up. In the east, the dawn is already filling with a quiet light, the huge outlines of willows are already visible in the sky, the stars are already dimming. I go down to the river and wash myself from the boat. The water is warm, it even seems slightly heated.

The sun is rising. The frost is melting. The coastal sands become dark with dew.

I boil strong tea in a smoky tin kettle. Hard soot is similar to enamel. Willow leaves, burnt in the fire, float in the kettle.

I've been fishing all morning. From the boat I check the spans that have been placed across the river since the evening. Empty hooks come first - the ruffs have eaten all the bait on them. But then the cord stretches, cuts the water, and a living silver shine appears in the depths - it’s a flat bream walking on a hook. Behind it you can see a fat and stubborn perch, then a small bee with piercing yellow eyes. The pulled out fish seems icy.

Aksakov’s words entirely refer to these days spent on Prorva:

“On a green, flowering bank, above the dark depths of a river or lake, in the shade of bushes, under the tent of a gigantic sedge or curly alder, quietly fluttering its leaves in the bright mirror of the water, imaginary passions will subside, imaginary storms will subside, selfish dreams will crumble, unrealizable hopes will scatter. Nature will enter into its eternal rights. Together with the fragrant, free, refreshing air, you will breathe into yourself serenity of thought, meekness of feeling, condescension towards others and even towards yourself.”

Osokor - poplar

Paustovsky K.G. Meshcherskaya side

In the text presented for analysis, Boris Ekimov raises a topical problem for many of the influence of the beauty of nature on humans.

Nature is the most beautiful thing on Earth. Her beauty can work wonders. When the narrator sees a painting given to him by an artist friend, he involuntarily remembers one bad weather day. Then the hero suddenly found a willow bush while walking through the forest. The author describes how the golden sunlight becomes clearly visible: “The willow bush in the stormy cloudy day meekly shone with warm lamplight. He shone, warming the earth and the air and the chilly day around him.” It becomes clear to readers that the memory of that cloudy, but bright and memorable day will warm the narrator’s soul all his life, because the willow bush was like a light that brightened the path: “There are many of them on our way, good signs, warm days and minutes that help us live , sometimes pushing apart the twilight, thorny days.”

In Russian literature, the theme of nature is often heard, as is the problem of its influence on people. Thus, in Goncharov’s novel “Oblomov,” in the chapter about the protagonist’s childhood, the author describes a measured, leisurely life in Oblomovka. The ideal of tranquility there was nature: endless blue skies, forests, lakes. People lived in harmony with nature, the world and themselves. Their souls were purified under the influence of the beauty of nature.

The moral purity and incredible beauty of nature is admired by many heroes of the works of Leo Nikolayevich Tolstoy, including Andrei Bolkonsky from the novel “War and Peace”. Up to a certain point, the hero has only one goal in life: to become famous in battles, to be the same as Napoleon, because Bolkonsky idolized the ideas of Bonoparte. During the battle, Prince Andrei runs forward with a banner in his hand, as he wants to be noticed. However, he receives an injury, which becomes a turning point in his life. Lying on the ground without strength, Bolkonsky looks at the endless sky and understands that besides this sky there is nothing, that all worldly worries, unlike eternity, which the firmament reminds of, do not matter. It was from this moment, when the hero took a fresh look at nature, that his liberation from Napoleonic ideas and the purification of his soul began.

To summarize, I want to say that the beauty of nature can change a person’s mood, his way of thinking, and his attitude towards everything around him.

Essay on the Unified State Exam according to the text:“The trip to Olepin gave me an unforgettable experience. The morning found me not in bed, not in a hut or city apartment, but under a haystack on the banks of the Koloksha River...”(according to V.A. Soloukhin).

Full text

(1) Among the many shameful acts that I have committed in life, one is most memorable to me. (2) In the orphanage, there was a loudspeaker hanging in the corridor, and one day a voice was heard from it, unlike anyone else, and for some reason - most likely just the dissimilarity - irritated me. (3) “Ha... Yells like a stallion!” - I said and pulled the speaker plug out of the socket. (4) The singer’s voice broke off. (5) The kids reacted sympathetically to my action, since in childhood I was the most singing and reading person. (6) ...Many years later in Essentuki, in a spacious summer hall, I listened to a symphony concert. (7) All the musicians of the Crimean orchestra, who had seen and experienced in their time, with the glorious, ant-like young conductor Zinaida Tykach, patiently explained to the public what and why they would play, when, by whom and on what occasion this or that musical work was written. (8) They did this, as it were, with an apology for their intrusion into the life of citizens so oversaturated with spiritual values, being treated and simply fattening at the resort, and the concert began with Strauss’s dashing overture in order to prepare listeners overtired by culture for the second, more serious part. (9) But the fabulous Strauss, the fiery Brahms, and the flirtatious Offenbach did not help - already from the middle of the first part of the concert, the listeners, who had crowded into the hall for the musical event only because it was free, began to leave the hall. (10) Yes, if they just left him like that, silently, cautiously - no, they left him with indignation, shouting, and abuse, as if they had been deceived in their best desires and dreams. (11) The chairs in the concert hall are old, Viennese, with round wooden seats, knocked together in a row, and every citizen, rising from his seat, considered it his duty to slam the seat indignantly. (12) I sat, huddled in myself, listening to the musicians strain themselves to drown out the noise and swearing in the hall, and I wanted to ask forgiveness for all of us from the dear conductor in a black tailcoat, from the orchestra members, who work so hard and persistently to earn their honest , poor bread, apologize for all of us and tell us how I was in childhood... (13) But life is not a letter, there is no postscript in it. (14) What does it matter that the singer whom I once insulted with a word, her name is the great Nadezhda Obukhova, became my most favorite singer, that I “corrected” and cried more than once while listening to her. (15) She, the singer, will never hear my repentance and will not be able to forgive me. (16) But, already elderly and gray-haired, I shudder at every clap and rattle of a chair in the concert hall... when musicians with all their strength, capabilities and talent try to convey the suffering of an early-suffered myopic young man wearing defenseless round glasses. (17) He, in his dying symphony, the unfinished song of his aching heart, has been stretching out his hands into the hall for more than a century and pleadingly crying out: “(18) People, help me! (19) Help!.. (20) Well, if you can’t help me, at least help yourself!..”

Do we love our native places where we spent our childhood? Do we want to once again plunge into the atmosphere of childhood? And you can immediately answer affirmatively: “It seems so!” The problem of the influence of nature on humans and the perception of nature is raised by V.A. Soloukhin in his article.

Olepin's trip gave him an unforgettable experience. He experienced such sensations while fishing and never experienced them like that again in his life. The author writes that he cannot help but enchant a night like this: “...if it does not enchant, it means that the person himself is to blame.” To say this, you need to love your homeland, your native places so much, and not only love, but also be able to see this beauty.

The author's position is clearly expressed in the content of the entire text. Only a person who strongly feels the beauty of nature can describe the state in which the author was. The author writes about how important childhood impressions are, because they preserve a joyful perception of the world, they are the most vivid and unforgettable.

I completely agree with the author of the article. Everything that surrounds us is full of significance and meaning, every moment of life is unique. We need to appreciate these moments. And being in nature, a person learns to sincerely enjoy the world around him. And this world is especially dear to us when we remember it from childhood.

There are many examples in the literature where this problem is raised. In the story by I.S. Turgenev’s “Bezhin Meadow” is filled with descriptions of nature. We see with what great love the author describes his native places, where he loved to hunt. His entire cycle of stories is combined into one large book, “Records of a Hunter.” Here the author pays great attention to the description of the surrounding nature. Only a person who loves nature infinitely can feel and describe it so subtly. And the beauty of nature could not help but charm Turgenev, who did not at all doubt its greatness.

Also in the novel “War and Peace” by L.N. Tolstoy, through the eyes of Andrei Bolkonsky, describes the extraordinary beauty of a rotten oak tree. We see how accurately the hero feels nature, everything that surrounds him. How much the oak influenced the hero. Prince Andrei seems to be telling himself that life at 31 is not over yet!

And the writer Solokhin is right that this problem is very important, that man depends on nature, on the world around him. After all, human life without nature is unthinkable.