Sozopol - the first Christian city (Bozhidar Dimitrov, Doctor of History)

Sozopol is located on three peninsulas in the southern part of the Burgas Bay of the Black Sea. The Bulgarian coast in this place consists of many islands and peninsulas that form the Bay of Sozopol. The fact that the deep bay is protected by the islands of St. Ivan and St. Peter from dangerous sea winds and can accommodate many ships led to the appearance in 610 BC. on one of the peninsulas of a large Greek trading city called "Apolonia Pontica", the strategic location of which played a significant role in the subsequent development and prosperity of the city.

When the Savior Jesus Christ began his preaching in the Middle East, Apolonia Pontica was within the borders of the Roman Empire. God's word reached the inhabitants of the city through St. Andrew the First-Called - one of the 12 apostles and disciples of Jesus Christ.

The Holy Apostle Andrew the First-Called was from Bethsaida. Together with his brother, the future apostle Peter, he was engaged in fishing. These were simple, pious people. When John the Baptist began to preach in Israel, Andrei became his closest disciple. Saint John the Baptist himself directed two of his disciples, the future apostles Andrew the First-Called and John the Theologian, to Christ, pointing out that He is the Lamb of God. The Holy Apostle Andrew the First-Called was the first of the apostles to follow Christ (which is why he was called the First-Called), and then brought his brother Peter to him.

Having settled in the city of Byzantion, later renamed Constantinople, in 55 he set out to preach the Word of God throughout the port cities of the Black Sea. The first port on his way was Apolonia Pontica. In each city, St. Andrew the First-Called founded Christian communities (bishoprics), which independently continued to spread the Christian faith.

Therefore, the residents of Sozopol have every right to be proud that their ancestors were the first inhabitants of the European continent, overshadowed by the Christian faith. And only a few years later, the Apostles Peter and Paul began to preach the new faith in Italy and Greece.

Bozhidar Dimitrov Stoyanov e Bulgarian historian is a long-term director at NIM. Dimitrov is a doctor in historical sciences, a senior scientist of the 2nd degree from December 1985, an honorary professor at the University of Library Science and Information Technology. From 1973 to 1990, cooperation in Darzhavna focused on cultural and historical heritage. A minister without a portfolio, dissuading for Bulgaria in a foreign land in the former government of Boyko Borisov (July 2009 – February 2011).

Biography

Origin and education

Bozhidar Dimitrov was born on December 3 in Sozopol, into a family that was a refugee from Iztochna Trakia. Prez 1959 completed the main education in Sozopol, and prez 1964 – Mechanical Technical School in Burgas. Work for a long time in the fisheries of ships, trawlers and sailors in “Ocean Fishing – Burgas”. Completely completed history and archeology at Sofia State University, I have a doctorate in history.

Starting a scientific career

Political career

Member at BKP

Dimitrov joined the BKP at the beginning in the 70s and gradually became part of the party among the party members. The trace was renamed to partiata preminava in the BSP.

Member at BSP

Two times he was in the list for the people's representatives on the BSP - in the Kardzhali region and in Shumen prez in 1997 and 2001, but in the past, unelectedly.

Kato member of the Vishiya Partien svet na BSP in the region for 2005, Bozhidar Dimitrov, declared himself openly against the decision on the leadership of the BSP. That, without supporting the candidacy of Tatyan Donchev for the nomination in Sofia and supporting the independence candidate Boyko Borisov, is on friendly terms with someone. For tova si action e will be removed from the water supply post at the group on obshchinskite svetnitsy on BSP in Stolichniya obshchinskiy svet. After resigning from the post for which he was elected, he did not appear at the session.

In support of the coat of arms

Boyanski Club and the Kubrat Movement

On October 20, 2015, according to the initiative at the arch. Milomir Bogdanov, together with him and Dr. Kostadin Georgiev-Kalki and playwright Hristo Boychev “Boyana Club for reinforcement of Bulgarian sovereignty and nation”, in some ways including some children of the left and right of intellectuals and officers. The club held conferences, celebrated monuments, published the journal “Radetel”, reinforced the president at SASCH Trump and acted as an active factor in the public space in the face of homelessness and neoliberalism .

For the promotion of government management from parliamentary to presidential, disputed vision of Bozhidar Dimitrov for “Greatness in Bulgaria”, associate the founders of the club with success on March 5, 2018 on the so-called. “Thessaloniki Congress” is an informal movement "Bulgarian supra-party union Kubrat"(BNSC) founded in 1913 by gene. Vladimir Vazov and the trace of the Devetoseptemvrian transformation was taken away in 1944. The Bulgarian People's Union "Kubrat" (BNSC). Kogato obache Bozhidar Dimitrov decided on the base of the movement and direct the party, elect from the congress vodeshchi kubratisti kato iz. secret. architect. Milomir Bogdanov, member of the The Supreme Court is composed of: playwright Hristo Boychev, general Stoimen Stoimenov, architect Elko Khazan, descendant of Uncle Ilyo’s voivode Nadezhda Kovacheva and others.

Smart

Bozhidar Dimitrov died at the age of 72 on July 1, 2018 in front of the house on the street. "Elemag" in Sofia. The disputes are close, probably the reason for the fatal embolism. Following the worship of the corruptible remains in HIM, the dust of the mu e is laid out in the sea above the Gulf of Sozopol.

Critics and controversy

Scientific title

Scientific ethics

In the historiography, there are doubts regarding the integrity of Bozhidar Dimitrov as a researcher. Nikolai Prodanov expressed a similar opinion to the VV in a sidebar with the publication of the results of work on Dimitrov in the Vatican archives.

Work environment in Bulgaria in a foreign land

The attitude of Dimitrov on the Macedonian issue has been criticized by the Macedonian journalist Viktor Kanzurov. In dispute with him, Dimitrov with no help in Bulgarian in Macedonia, ty kato lawsuit and hold the monopoly on the Tazi topic. Osven tova, Kanzurov say that “unarticulate izyavi” on Dimitrov in Macedonia are leading to repression for local activists with Bulgarian self-awareness.

In work in Bulgaria in a foreign land, Dimitrov was criticized and for the sake of incorrectness, misinformedness and inept intentions in the implementation of the Ministry of Education, Youth and Science of Educational Activity behind the border.

Statements

At the beginning of 1998, during the sex scandal for the sake of him, he was told in an interview from 1995 (vzh on-dolu) and the remains of this mu from NIM were found from the deputy from the SDS, Alexander Yordanov.

Prez 2001, the ribari opened the ednodrivka boat in Sozopol, for which Bozhidar Dimitrov notified what from time to Noah. The trail has been twice explored in the C14 se okazwa, which is from the 11th – 14th centuries and is presented in the National Historical Museum.

On January 5, 2010, Dimitrov ruled a diplomatic scandal with the statement that Bulgaria could veto the annexation of Turkey as a member state of the European Union, but do not receive compensation from 20 billion dollars for prokudenite from the Osmanskat Empire prez 1913 year ethnically Bulgarians, inhabited area west of the Bosphorus. Tova seluva days before the visit to Minister-Chairman Borisov in Turkey and the Turkish government warned for possible interference with relations between the two countries. Deputy Minister for Foreign Affairs, Marin Raikov, distinguished the position on the country from the basin on Dimitrov, statements, why not hide the conflict between the unresolved issue between Bulgaria and Turkey and expand it to the European Union. Following the “final warning” for the removal from the post from the country to Borisov and a public apology to Dimitrov in mediate.

In the region on July 2010, lime, che sa open the relics (intend to sa parts from the relics) on St. John the Baptist in Sozopol (archaeologist Ivan Petrinski, worked for a long time for Tova Myasto after otricha Tova, adding, che not sa savvani and archaeological procedures, but e “broken with kirkite”) and declaring that Sozopol sche se prevurne v v vtoriya Jerusalem.

Try it on

Minister Bozhidar Dimitrov became known for his scandalous statements, mainly after thinking about “shiban people” in an interview with the “Dnevnik” bulletin on August 3, was foreshadowed by the media and Internet outrage on August 4 and was followed by other flowery statements and explanations about the statement from Samia minister. Bozhidar Dimitrov is a long story with flowery and puzzling statements:

Bozhidar Dimitrov explained in clear terms that “shiban” meant “shiban with prachka, brulen”, and that was all to the point of being a colleague, somehow pre-disturbing the reactions to the colleague’s negativity, for example Valeria Fol on August 7th. On August 8, Assoc. Stoyanov, from the leadership of the Association on the Bulgarian Archaeolozi, expressed general dissatisfaction with the Archaeolosis from the tone and qualifications of Bozhidar Dimitrov, who argued with him and expounded the Bulgarian people. Stoyanov comments on the application for Sozopol and se prevurne in the Bulgarian Jerusalem, from the country to the minister, with “Nyak si much forest davame etiqueti, gradim nyakakvi bombastic theories” and se uchudva, che kogato dzharzhavata painted subsidies for BAN and university, 420 hil. lv se davat for the reconstruction of the church. The trace was made on Margarita Vaklinova from the BAN, why B. Dimitrov tryabva yes be excused on the board, giving two interviews, in which he stated, what do you direct, why do you forgive me? That one was embarrassed by the additional semantics on izkazvaneto si to “anonymize the choir,” arguing with him “shiban” did not beat the pejorative thought, but offended her with the anonymity itself.

Ostavkata na Bozhidar Dimitrov e iskan porvo from the BSP-youth, and in a clear way also from Martin Dimitrov, chairman of the SDS, which is why B. Dimitrov is the Bulgarian minister, who allows similar verbal behavior, and what in the country is England If it didn’t happen, but if it happened, then the minister is in vain of both fasting and country. As a reprimand to Comrade B. Dimitrov, the government issued yet another scandalous punishment (see on the mountain).

On December 19, 2010, Dimitrov resigned as a minister without a portfolio to the government at the State of Arms. On February 4, 2011, the parliament received the remainder of the mu.

Employee at DS

Awards, distinctions and memorials

On Bozhidar Dimitrov it is named the bay in Antarctica. Bay of Dimitrov It is 6.8 km wide and is located on the Velingrad peninsula on the shores of Grem. Hook and Rusalka pour ice into it. At the entrance to the bay there is the island of Kamakua. Dispute of the participant in the Bulgarian Antarctic expedition, which was chosen for the purpose of bringing the Bulgarian Antarctic program to Dimitrov km.

From June 25, 2011 Bozhidar Dimitrov is an honorary citizen of the Burgas community.

Iztochnitsy

1. "Record [in the Higher Attestation Commission] for Bozhidar Dimitrov Stoyanov ima and toi from December 24, 1985, when the scientific commission approved for the senior scientific employee of the II degree. “Professor” scara University and BAN", in the “Monitor”, December 21 2009
2. “The chief at the museum, Albert Benbasat, was fired due to scandal,” in “Sega”, br. 39, 17 February 1999
3. “Sex scandal in our parliament”, in “Sega”, br. 24 of January 31, 1998
4. Desislava Lyubomirova, “Bozhidar Dimitrov with a new historical betrayal”, society.actualno.com, March 2, 2013.
5. Filipa Todeva, “Bozhidar Dimitrov signs an agreement with TV+”, inews.bg, March 2, 2013.
6. “The Historians... with Bozhidar Dimitrov”, website on TV+.
7. Cholaska, Neli. Pre-election rokadi in Stolichniya obshchinski svet. // Diary(13.07.). July 2007. Visited on July 12, 2007.
8. Would you like to get Bulgarian citizenship again? , bTV, January 21, 2010.
9. arch. Milomir Bogdanov, Dr. Konstantin Georgiev - Kalki and playwright Hristo Boychev and notary Stoikov contributed over 30,000 signatures from isaneto to the Boyanskiyat club with the chairman prof. Bozhidar Dimitrov for the award to the border guard Vulkan Khambarliev – BNT news, 10.20.2015
10. Boyanski Club: Congratulatory address and farewell to Donald Trump, Eurochicago, November 16, 2016.
11. Bozhidar Dimitrov otkri pametna plocha na kan Tervel, BNT, February 6, 2016.
12. From otkrivane to pametna plocha to golemiya ungarski pal on Bulgaria Geza Feher zapochna Second Boyanska conference in the capital, dedicated to the migrant issue and sedbata on Europe, Skat TV, November 27, 2016.
13. Bozhidar Dimitrov open movementto si with “Shumi Maritsa”, bTV, March 5, 2018
14. In the nyakogashnata hall for the operational plan in the bivshata sgrada on Voennoto razznavana on the Kingdom of Bulgaria on the street. "Solunska" in Sofia.
15. Otkazakha vpisvane na partiata na prof. Bozhidar Dimitrov, Nova Television, April 30, 2018.
16. Prof.'s initiative Bozhidar Dimitrov, news.bg, July 1, 2018
17. Pochina Bozhidar Dimitrov, vesti.bg, July 1, 2018
18. Prof.'s initiative Bozhidar Dimitrov, glasove.com, July 2, 2018
19. Last time with Bozhidar Dimitrov, bTV, July 4, 2018.
20. Mariyan Ivanov, Archaeological Museum in Sozopol and the street in Grada Krasteni on Bozhidar Dimitrov, BNR, August 1, 2018.
21. Gospodinov, Todor and others. “Professor” scara University and BAN. // V. "Monitor". December 21, 2009. Visited on January 24, 2010.
22. Honorary Doctors and Professors at the University of Library Science and Information Technology
23. Prodanov, Nikolai. Problems in historical textual criticism. Varhu material from the Bulgarian historian of the 7th-20th centuries, Veliko Tarnovo 2006, p. "
24. Victor Kanzurov: Bozhidar Dimitrov e furnadzhijska shovel, in Macedonia se komprometira, e-vestnik.bg, March 9, 2010
25. Ekov, Evgeniy. The “Reception” scandal in the Ministry of Medical Sciences, News.bg, August 13, 2010
26. Shifart on Bozhidar Dimitrov, webcafe, August 3, 2010
27. Otkrikha region of Sozopol boat from time to Noah, vesti.bg, 1 September 2001
28. Bozhidar Dimitrov zaberka Bulgaria in an international scandal, Glasovo, January 6, 2010
29. Bozhidar Dimitrov: Sgafih for the veto on Turkey in the EU, in-k Dnevnik, January 7, 2010
30. Bozhidar Dimitrov is ready himself and si podade ostavata, bTV, January 7, 2010
31. Archaeologist Ivan Petrinski: It’s a lie, why reveal the relics on Saint John the Baptist! , Blitz, August 17, 2010
32. Bozho, they speak in Tsviyich and Karavangelis, e-vestnik.bg, April 26, 2010
33. Archaeolosite sa sashisani by Bozhidar Dimitrov, segabg.com, August 8, 2010

Nowadays, to look at the enterprising dead with allergies to the sun and garlic crawling out of the crypts at night to feast on the blood of civilians, you need to go to an amusement park or to the cinema. But once they were perceived as an integral part of reality, posing a threat to people.

An archaeological discovery in the Bulgarian city of Sozopol, located on the Black Sea coast near the popular resort of Burgas, helped us once again realize the mental distance separating us from the relatively recent past of Europe.

Skeleton of the “Sozopol vampire” with an iron wedge. //AFP

During excavations of a medieval necropolis in the area of ​​​​the monastery of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker, headed by the director of the Archaeological Museum of Sozopol Dimitar Nednev, two skeletons were discovered, the chests of which were pierced with sharpened iron pins. One skeleton belonged to a man, the other to a woman.

The shape and arrangement of the pins (which would most likely have been removed from the bodies if death had occurred from wounds, which is unlikely in the case of non-weapon pins) leaves no doubt that the strong and calculated blows to the chest were delivered in ritualistic fashion. purposes after death. This is exactly how - by posthumous nailing of the deceased - during the Middle Ages, the living tried to protect themselves from the predatory dead, who, it was believed, could harm them even from the graves.

The exact age of the burials has been established - 800 years.

“There is nothing unusual about these skeletons pierced with sharpened iron pins. They simply illustrate a well-known and long-standing tradition that existed in some Bulgarian villages until the first decade of the twentieth century,” commented the director of the Museum of National History of Bulgaria, Professor Bozhidar Dimitrov, himself a native of Sozopol, in an interview with AFP.

The grave of the monastery necropolis, where the “skeleton of a vampire” was found. //AFP

Now the skeletons have been sent to Sofia to become part of the permanent museum exhibition. Bulgarian archaeologists believe that one of the “vampire” burials contained the remains of a man named Krivich, who lived in the 14th century. Krivich had a reputation as a pirate and bandit, which, however, did not prevent him from making his way into the ranks of the local nobility and even becoming the mayor of Sozopol:

During the Middle Ages (as in some countries even now), the skills of a robber and rogue helped such a career rather than hindered it.

As the mayor of Sozopol, Krivich showed himself from the worst side: in difficult times, when pirates and slave traders ruled the sea, and the border port was the subject of claims of the active Bulgarian kingdom and the decrepit Byzantium, Krivich was unable to improve the lives of the townspeople, who, judging by the testimony of historians , in general, we suffered a lot from him, safer and calmer. Ultimately, showing monstrous incompetence during the next siege, he actually surrendered Sozopol to the Genoese, who sacked it. It is possible that this was done for a bribe or a guarantee that the mayor and his associates would not be killed by looters.

The time and place of burial of the “vampire from Sozopol” really make it possible to identify it as, presumably, the grave of Krivich, the mayor and famous pirate.

Sozopol necropolis, where burials of “vampires” were found. //AFP/Getty Images

“Representatives of the city nobility were buried in such graves next to large monasteries. Apparently, the deceased, pierced with an iron pin, had such a bad reputation during his lifetime that those who suffered from him and the superstitious townspeople decided to protect themselves after his death, the circumstances of which we do not yet know. Apparently, the “Sozopol vampire” could really be Krivich,” says Professor Dimitrov.

“Of course, during his lifetime, Krivich was not a vampire, as they are now portrayed in the movies. But he was definitely a decent scoundrel. According to ideas widespread among the Slavs in the Middle Ages, the soul of a bad person did not go to the next world, but remained in the body, suffered and could sometimes leave the grave and drink the blood of animals and people. Such a soul was symbolically killed - not with a weapon, but with the help of a specially sharpened iron pin,” explains the professor.

The Sozopol find once again reminds

that the Slavic Balkans, as well as central and eastern Europe inhabited by the Slavs, were the reservoir from which myths about vampires spread throughout Europe, sometimes taking the form of real mass hysteria (just remember the famous “vampire cases” of the 18th century), until they took on their classical form thanks to Gothic and Victorian novels - sources of inspiration for modern Hollywood screenwriters.

Another example of a “vampire burial,” a female skull with a brick embedded in its jaws, was discovered during excavations of a mass plague grave in Venice. It was believed that the living dead could leave their graves, drink people's blood and spread the plague. //Reuters

According to Dimitrov, about a hundred burials with skeletons pierced with iron pins have already been found in Bulgaria, and there is nothing extraordinary in the discovery of another “Bulgarian vampire”. The only unusual things are the honorable burial place of the bloodsucker - a monastic necropolis, his affiliation with the nobility and possible identification with a specific historical figure. In this sense, the Sozopol find has every chance of adding another vampire to the list of famous medieval bloodsuckers from Vlad III the Impaler (Dracula) and Countess Elizabeth Bathory - the mayor and pirate Krivich.

Quite surprised by the rising excitement, the situation is commented on by archaeological specialists, that is, those for whom the discovery of another skeleton is a routine job of researching the past.

“We did not find six-centimeter fangs”

Thus, with a great deal of irony, the director of the Sozopol Archaeological Museum, Dimitar Nedev, commented on the journalistic sensation. According to him, since the end of last year, near the necropolis in the archaeological complex near the monastery “St. Nicholas the Wonderworker” archaeologists found about 600 skeletons. Such a large number of skeletons is explained by the fact that archaeologists discovered a three-box basilica, which was later turned into a crypt. Therefore, there is nothing mysterious about the find.

By the way, next to the first burial, a second one was discovered, the skeleton of which was also pierced in the chest area with a metal object. Both burials date back to the 14th century and are located relatively close to each other and in the same direction, explained the museum director. According to Nedev, the killed people were unlikely to be vampires, most likely they were somehow different from the people around them, perhaps they had a different way of thinking, more philosophical or simply larger-scale. Therefore, human rumor or persecution by the Inquisition declared them vampires.

“Some modern politicians could be buried in this way...”

So says Professor Bozhidar Dimitrov, director of the National Historical Museum of Bulgaria. According to the professor, throughout archaeological excavations throughout Bulgaria, more than 100 burials of noble people with an iron stake in their chest, called vampires, were discovered. „ Similar skeletons were discovered in various medieval fortresses, monasteries, and churches. Only in the medieval ancient city of Debelt, neighboring Sozopol, on the territory of Mandrensko Lake, 11 such “vampires” were discovered, Dimitrov said. “So I really don’t understand why the last two finds have caused such a stir.”

As for the personalities of the people buried in such an unusual way, the professor believes that they were most likely people who brought a lot of grief to others. “Therefore, on the night after their burial, most likely, the youth made their way to the cemetery and, according to custom, they were pierced with a wooden or iron sharp stake. This was a kind of revenge for the grief and bullying caused, as well as the desire to prevent the buried person from crawling out of the grave and continuing, symbolically speaking, to drink blood from people,” the professor explained. “Today I can give a list of politicians and even clergy, with whom the population of Bulgaria, if the tradition had survived to this day, would have acted in a similar way after their death,” Bozhidar Dimitrov said in conclusion.

The skeleton of the “vampire”, which was found in Sozopol and which so excited the society, was decided to be put on public display at the National Historical Museum of Bulgaria. According to Dimitrov, in ten days, in the museum, in the department of medieval burials, a special display case will be ready, and everyone will be able to make sure that the skeleton does not have vampire fangs.