Specialty: applied geodesy. Surveyor. Description of the profession. Who is a surveyor? Description of the profession What can a surveyor engineer do?

Where does the construction of any modern city, town, district or large building begin? That's right, with a careful study of the topography of the area and all the relief features of the nearby surroundings. And this is done by a surveyor - a person whose professionalism largely determines the safety and stability of any apartment building or industrial facility, the convenience of the location of the surrounding streets and the accurate display of all structures on the map.

Where does the construction of any modern city, town, district or large building begin? That's right, with a careful study of the topography of the area and all the relief features of the nearby surroundings. And he's doing this surveyor- a person on whose professionalism the safety and stability of any apartment building or industrial facility, the convenience of the location of the surrounding streets and the accurate display of all structures on the map largely depend.

And in general, a surveyor is a multifaceted profession, without which not a single area of ​​our life can do, one way or another connected with the study of the surface of planet Earth. However, despite the obvious importance and significance of the work of a surveyor, this profession is not considered popular among applicants. Why? Most likely due to the fact that the work of a surveyor has certain features that not every person can accept and understand. What are these features? But you will learn about this from our article, which, as you already understand, is dedicated to surveyors.

Who is a surveyor?

A surveyor is a specialist who determines and records the coordinates and heights of points on the earth’s surface. The data obtained can be used to create topographic plans or GPS maps, as well as to search for minerals, monitor changes in the earth’s crust, etc.

The name of the profession comes from the Greek γεωδαισία (division of the earth), and the historical roots of its origin date back to the period of ancient Babylon. It was during the excavations of this city that the first analogues of modern geodetic journals were discovered, which date back to the 7th century BC. Babylonian scientists recorded their calculations on clay tablets, which, apparently, were widely used for land measurements and drawing up maps of areas.

Modern surveyors are not limited to just studying the surface topography. Today there are several directions surveyor profession, each of which performs narrowly focused tasks:

• higher geodesy - studies the size of our planet, its gravitational field and the movement of the earth's crust (both modern and those that occurred in ancient times);
• engineering geodesy - develops methods for conducting geodetic measurements that make it possible to verify the degree of deformation of structures and ensure the construction of structures in strict accordance with the approved project;
• topography - specializes in measuring the geometric characteristics of various objects on the surface;
• space geodesy - includes geodetic measurements that are carried out both on the surface of the Earth and from satellites;
• surveying - specialists in this area are responsible for geodetic measurements in the bowels of the earth.

The job responsibilities of a surveyor depend on the area of ​​the profession. However, there are several main responsibilities that are present in each direction. This is direct work on the ground (calculating coordinates), processing the results obtained, analyzing data and drawing up topographic maps and plans.

What personal qualities should a surveyor have?

The work of a surveyor can be compared to the work of a sapper: both one and the other and have no room for error. Therefore, representatives of this profession must have such personal qualities as:

• accuracy;
• scrupulousness;
• pedantry;
• organization;
• diligence;
• discipline;
• attention to detail;
• ability to quickly navigate;
• emotional balance;
• Analytical mind;
• associative thinking.

In addition, the surveyor must be physically resilient, have acute vision and good color perception, have excellent coordination of movements, a “steady” hand and a developed attention span (that is, the ability to simultaneously perceive several objects at once). A good “help” in the work of a surveyor can be a penchant for research and the ability to “keep in mind” large volumes of the most diverse information for a long time.

Advantages of being a surveyor

Despite the fact that hundreds of geodesist specialists graduate from educational institutions every year, the demand for this profession in the labor market is very acute. Therefore, those guys who choose this profession intelligently and “at the behest of their heart” can easily get a job. In addition to being in demand, work qualified surveyor has such advantages as:

• high level of earnings - the average salary of a surveyor in Russia is 40-50 thousand rubles;
• a wide choice of places of work - today surveyors can work both in government agencies (BTI, city and rural administrations, research institutes, etc.) and in private structures (construction organizations, oil producing corporations, etc.);
• extensive “baggage of knowledge” - during the training process, a surveyor studies the theory and practice of not only geodetic, but astronomical and gravimetric work, and also acquires the skills of topographic reading, mathematical cartography, drawing, various methods of surveying terrain, etc.

Disadvantages of the surveyor profession

Since the work of any surveyor is inextricably linked with personal study of the area, the main disadvantage of this profession can be called working in the open air (and not always under favorable weather conditions). This leads to another drawback - field working conditions (that is, a toilet under the nearest bush, a dry lunch, and the like). Also among the disadvantages of this profession can be identified.

About the specialty:

Description of the specialty applied geodesy, which universities teach applied geodesy, admission, exams, what subjects are studied in the specialty.

Geodesy has several subsections, the study of which requires various courses. In general, geodesy is the science of earth. She studies the rotation of the earth, the magnetic field, and landscape. With the help of geodesy, navigation systems and maps are created, the magnetic field and the displacement of the earth's crust plates are studied. Thanks to this science, satellite navigation systems, accurate navigation in the sea and sky, earthquake warning systems, and accurate maps of the entire planet became possible.

Studying geodesy in college

Learning geodesy is quite a fascinating process in terms of learning about the environment. A surveyor must have an excellent understanding of all the processes occurring on the planet and understand the influence of these factors on people’s lives and technologies. All this makes the study of geodesy an exciting process.

Employment by specialty

Finding a job in your specialty is not so easy. The whole point is that specialized specialists with knowledge of geodesy are needed. Surveyors themselves are primarily involved in drawing up maps and plans, which reduces the potential job market. Therefore, it is better to study geodesy together with some technical specialty in order to deal with location, navigation and communication systems.

Upon graduating from school or another educational institution, every person faces the question - “what profession do I want to get in order to always be a sought-after specialist?” The answer to this question is determined by factors such as the skills, knowledge and abilities of a person in any industry. Many become lawyers, economists, doctors or teachers. However, today these specializations are becoming less in demand.

Today, the profession of surveyor is becoming popular. It must be said that this line of activity is carried out under special working conditions - and may not be suitable for everyone. However, the demand for this area is confirmed by the fact that more and more people want to become specialists in the field of geodesy.

What is the essence of the profession of a surveyor?

1. The surveyor carries out instrumental surveys of the area and calculations necessary to track the processes of data change.
2. Using survey materials and calculations, a specialist in the field of geodesy makes timely updates of area maps depending on the geodetic situation.
3. The surveyor also monitors the condition of residential and technical structures during their construction and operation.

This profession is both creative and intellectual, because a surveyor needs to constantly analyze, explain data, look for rational and at the same time extraordinary solutions to possible difficulties (for example, if the foundation of a technical building sagged and the building tilted, the surveyor must calculate the possible outcome and solve this question using measuring instruments, knowledge of geometry and geography).

What school subjects do you need to know to become a surveyor?

The basis for successful mastery of the profession will be excellent knowledge of such subjects as:

• mathematics,
• geography,
• geometry,
• drawing,
• physics.

Thanks to deep knowledge in these areas, you can always be several moves ahead of events, and if they occur, make the right choice and make the right decision.

When studying at a university, it is important to study such basic subjects as topography, cartography and geodesy - they are the basis of the profession of a surveyor.

The disadvantages of this specialization are the following::

1. Irregular working hours
2. Frequent changes of workplace (you will have to work both indoors and outdoors).

However, if you are not afraid of these disadvantages, then you can be sure that you will definitely not be bored at work, because your activity will not be monotonous and monotonous.

Profession surveyor - salary

As for wages, a young specialist earns about 20-30 thousand rubles for the first 2-3 years. A specialist with experience earns 50 - 60 thousand rubles.

Specialty: 120101 “Applied Geodesy”.

Qualification: engineer

Forms of training: full-time (5 years), part-time (5 years 10 months)

Graduate department: Geodetic surveys and land cadastre

Entrance exams: Russian language (USE);

Mathematics (USE);

Physics (USE).

The specialty “Applied Geodesy” is focused on training specialists for geodetic support for the construction of any engineering structures, topographic and geodetic work, land cadastral and survey work.

Geodesy, as a science and practice, has a thousand-year history. This is explained, first of all, by the significant role of geodesy in the organization of space and, as a consequence, the organization of social systems.

The problem of dividing space (landmarking), its organization (construction and operation of structures) has accompanied humanity from ancient times to the present day. As humanity developed, this problem acquired more and more new tasks, in the solution of which geodesy still occupies a leading place.

Those who have received the specialty “Applied Geodesy” have knowledge of the general principles, methods and technologies of engineering and geodetic work during surveys, design, construction and operation of structures, and also gain knowledge regarding the specifics of performing these works at different stages of construction of transport, industrial and civil, hydraulic engineering, underground , precision and other engineering structures. They gain knowledge on methods of topographic and geodetic support for solving various engineering and scientific problems in the research and development of natural resources, in land management, in maintaining the land cadastre and solving other problems, such as performing geodetic alignment works, creating engineering and geodetic support networks, carrying out engineering geodetic surveys and geodetic support for installation work, monitoring of deformations of structures, executive geodetic surveys.

They gain knowledge in the field of geodetic work in transport construction, geodetic work in the planning and development of cities, geodetic work on industrial sites, geodetic work in the design and construction of hydraulic structures, geodetic work in the construction of tunnels and underground structures, high-precision engineering and geodetic work in construction and operation of structures, geodetic work for the land cadastre, in the organization of engineering and geodetic work and life safety.

They study: issues of automated technologies for engineering and geodetic surveys and design of structures, computer technologies and techniques for working with graphic information in geographic information systems (GIS); automation of technology for performing work during engineering and geodetic surveys; automation of surveys using electronic total stations and satellite measurements; digital terrain model (DTM); technology for designing a general plan for construction and engineering structures using a digital model in the CREDO software package; automation of design of industrial and civil facilities; preparation of project documentation and computer document management systems.

They study modern satellite measurements and their use in geodetic work during the construction and operation of structures. They study the principles and features of constructing navigation systems, features of the use of satellite methods in solving various engineering and geodetic problems.

Training of specialists in the field of applied geodesy is carried out on the basis of the use of modern methods, methods, geodetic instrumentation, technologies, software under the patronage of the Moscow State University of Geodesy and Cartography, exchange of training experience with universities in Moscow, Novosibirsk, and other cities of Russia.

Specialists in the field of applied geodesy work in the Roscartography system, Rosnedvizhimost, organizations and divisions of the State Land Cadastre Survey (VISKHAGI), departments of architecture and urban planning, design organizations, as well as in local executive authorities. They carry out land surveying work for differentiated installation of land rent, large-scale topographic surveys of built-up areas and underground communications, monitor the deformations of engineering structures, carry out complex work on topographic and geodetic support of the State Land Cadastre, city cadastre, urban planning cadastre.

During the training process, students acquire the necessary professional knowledge and skills that help them perform a wide range of job responsibilities at the appropriate qualification level.

The training of specialists in the specialty “Applied Geodesy” is carried out by one of the oldest departments of the university “Geodesy and Land Management”, where practical experience in training personnel in the field of applied geodesy has been accumulated.

The department is staffed with highly qualified specialists: doctors and candidates of science. Postgraduate and master's courses have been opened in the specialty “Land management, cadastre and land monitoring”. There are specialized laboratories: “Geodesy and photogrammetry”, “Cadastre and land monitoring”, “Automation of design and GIS systems”, the necessary instrument park for laboratory and research work.

During their studies, students undergo internships in leading enterprises, organizations related to construction, surveys for construction, land surveying and other structures and enterprises of all forms of ownership that solve the above problems.

Subjects studied in the specialty “Applied Geodesy”

1. Astronomy;

2. Geomorphology with basic geology- the science of the relief of the earth's surface. Subject and method of geomorphology. Geology studies the relief of land and the bottom of oceans and seas from the perspective of its external (physiognomic) appearance, origin, age, history of development, modern dynamics, patterns of grouping and distribution of its constituent forms. The relief observed in the modern geological era is studied by geology as a result of the entire previous development of the earth's surface.

3. Physics of the Earth;

4. Engineering graphics and topographical drawing;

5. Geodesy– a science that has found wide application in construction and solves the following main problems: obtaining geodetic data at the design stage of a structure (geodetic survey); removal in accordance with the project and securing on the ground the main axes and boundaries of structures (layout work); ensuring the correct geometric shapes and sizes of structure elements at the construction stage, determining deviations of constructed structure elements from design ones (executive surveys), monitoring deformations of the earth's surface or the structure itself.
On this site you will find useful information for solving these problems.

6. Geodetic guidance tool– a subject in which the basic instruments used in geodetic surveys are studied

7. Theory of mathematical processing of geodetic measurements– a subject that studies the theory of probability of geodetic errors in measurements.

8. Automation of topographic and geodetic works– a subject that studies automated methods for measuring topographic and geodetic work and their further solution through desk processing.

9. Photogrammetry– a technology for remote sensing of the Earth, which makes it possible to determine the geometric, quantitative and other properties of objects on the earth’s surface from photographic images obtained using aircraft of any kind.

10. General cartography– studies methods of compiling, publishing and using maps.

11. History of astronomy and geodesy- a subject in which students will become familiar with the history of astronomy and geodesy and their inseparable importance in the Middle Ages.

12. Basis of land law– introduces the general characteristics of the land legislation of the Russian Federation. Land relations have always been in the center of public attention, have been and remain relevant for all segments of the population - both those who own and those who do not own land plots. The Basic Law of the Russian Federation - the Constitution - contains a number of provisions that are the starting point for land legislation.

13. Applied photogrammetry;

14. Basics of survival in extreme conditions;

15. General geoinformatics– science, technology and production activities on the scientific substantiation, design, creation, operation and use of geographic information systems, on the development of geographic information technologies, on GIS applications for practical and scientific purposes.

16. Applied geodesy I – the interests of applied geodesy are the surface of the Earth and other planets, processes occurring inside the Earth and planets, artificial and natural objects on the surface and inside the Earth and other planets.

17. Higher Geodesy– one of the main directions of modern geodesy. Studies the figure of the Earth, the external gravitational field, the precise determination of the coordinates of points on the earth's surface in a single system.

18. Geodetic gravimetry- a branch of science about measuring quantities characterizing the Earth’s gravitational field and using them to determine the shape of the Earth, study its general internal structure, the geological structure of its upper parts, solve certain navigation problems, etc. In the future, geology faces the task of studying the Moon and planets according to their gravitational field. In gravity, the Earth’s gravitational field is usually set by the field of gravity (or the acceleration of gravity, which is numerically equal to it), which is the result of two main forces: the force of attraction (gravity) of the Earth and the centrifugal force caused by its daily rotation.

19. Geodetic astronomy– a section of practical astronomy (See Practical astronomy), most closely related to geodesy and cartography; studies the theory and methods of determining the latitude φ and longitude λ of a place, as well as the azimuth a of the direction to an earthly object and the local sidereal time s from astronomical observations during geodetic and cartographic work.

20. Basics of space geodesy– a branch of geodesy that studies methods for determining the relative positions of points on the earth’s surface, the size and shape of the earth, the parameters of its gravitational field based on observations of solar eclipses and lunar occultations of stars, and photography

Moon and artificial satellites of the Earth.

21. Special methods of applied geodesy– a subject in which special methods of applied geodesy and methods for solving them are studied.

22. Automation of engineering and geodetic surveys– a subject in which automated methods of engineering and geodetic surveys are studied.

23. Geoinformation technologies for collecting information– systems designed for collecting, storing, analyzing and graphically visualizing spatial data and related information about objects presented in GIS. In other words, these are tools that allow users to search, analyze and edit digital maps, as well as additional information about objects, such as building height, address, number of occupants.

24. Methods and means of satellite measurements– a subject in which they study the methodology of measurements with a GPS receiver and special methods of their office processing.

Applied geodesy is a military specialty along with the specialties of cartography, topographic geodesy, photogrammetry and aerial photography service (photography and photographic equipment, photogrammetry and decryption).

Upon completion of the specialty “Applied Geodesy”, graduates receive the opportunity to find employment in the following positions:

1. Chief Surveyor(chief geodesy specialist, head of the geodetic department, head of the geodetic survey department);
2. Lead surveyor(deputy chief surveyor);
3. Senior Surveyor;
4. Surveyor;

5. Engineer surveyor.
Engineer I category: higher professional education and work experience as an engineer of category II for at least 3 years.
Engineer II category: higher professional education and work experience as an engineer for at least 3 years.
Engineer: higher professional education without requirements for work experience.

Topographer engineer– specialist in topography, topographic survey. Topography is an applied branch of geodesy devoted to measuring the earth's surface to depict it on plans and maps. The art of depicting the external structure of an area on plans and maps. The surface and relative location of parts, individual points of the terrain.

Cartographer– cartography specialist. Cartography - (from the Greek χάρτης - “map” and γράφειν - “to draw”) the science of research, modeling and displaying the spatial arrangement, combination and interrelation of objects and phenomena of nature and society. In a broader interpretation, cartography includes technology and production activities.

Land surveyor engineer– specialist in organizing the efficient use of land. Organization of efficient use of lands, their protection, control over compliance with land legislation. Draws up explications, carries out surveys and leveling, etc., draws up inter-farm and on-farm land management projects with economic justification, maintains land registration documentation, carries out land management activities, and ensures the safe execution of work. Must know: the main directions of development of land use and land management issues, guidance materials in the field of land use, technology for land management work, the design of geodetic and aerial photographic instruments and instruments, methods of land development and improvement, systems of anti-erosion measures, legislation on nature conservation. Professionally important qualities: attentiveness, accuracy, good vision.

Surveyor– a person engaged in geodetic surveys of mining developments. A surveyor (German: Markscheider) is a mining engineer or technician, a specialist in spatial and geometric measurements in the bowels of the earth and on the corresponding areas of its surface, followed by depiction on plans, maps and sections during mining and geological exploration work. The surveyor is responsible for the workers under his supervision who work underground. In addition to certain knowledge, skills and abilities, he must have organizational skills, know safety precautions and inform people about all the nuances of the work.

A related profession in ground construction is a surveyor.

Land Registry Engineer– cadastre – a systematized set of documented information obtained as a result of state cadastral registration of land plots about the location, intended purpose and legal status of the lands of the Russian Federation and information about territorial zones and the presence of objects located on land plots and firmly associated with these land plots.

Photogrammetrist– the main purpose of the specialist is the processing and initial analysis of instrumental aerial reconnaissance materials. The main content of the specialist’s activity is the photolaboratory processing of the results of instrumental aerial reconnaissance and the subsequent decoding of the resulting aerial films, aerial photographs and photographic diagrams, identifying and characterizing military objects and military equipment, establishing their coordinates, and drawing up a written intelligence report.

Where does the construction of any modern city, town, district or large building begin? That's right, with a careful study of the topography of the area and all the relief features of the nearby surroundings. And this is done by a surveyor - a person whose professionalism largely determines the safety and stability of any apartment building or industrial facility, the convenience of the location of the surrounding streets and the accurate display of all structures on the map.

Where does the construction of any modern city, town, district or large building begin? That's right, with a careful study of the topography of the area and all the relief features of the nearby surroundings. And he's doing this surveyor- a person on whose professionalism the safety and stability of any apartment building or industrial facility, the convenience of the location of the surrounding streets and the accurate display of all structures on the map largely depend.

And in general, a surveyor is a multifaceted profession, without which not a single area of ​​our life can do, one way or another connected with the study of the surface of planet Earth. However, despite the obvious importance and significance of the work of a surveyor, this profession is not considered popular among applicants. Why? Most likely due to the fact that the work of a surveyor has certain features that not every person can accept and understand. What are these features? But you will learn about this from our article, which, as you already understand, is dedicated to surveyors.

Who is a surveyor?

A surveyor is a specialist who determines and records the coordinates and heights of points on the earth’s surface. The data obtained can be used to create topographic plans or GPS maps, as well as to search for minerals, monitor changes in the earth’s crust, etc.

The name of the profession comes from the Greek γεωδαισία (division of the earth), and the historical roots of its origin date back to the period of ancient Babylon. It was during the excavations of this city that the first analogues of modern geodetic journals were discovered, which date back to the 7th century BC. Babylonian scientists recorded their calculations on clay tablets, which, apparently, were widely used for land measurements and drawing up maps of areas.

Modern surveyors are not limited to just studying the surface topography. Today there are several directions surveyor profession, each of which performs narrowly focused tasks:

• higher geodesy - studies the size of our planet, its gravitational field and the movement of the earth's crust (both modern and those that occurred in ancient times);
• engineering geodesy - develops methods for conducting geodetic measurements that make it possible to verify the degree of deformation of structures and ensure the construction of structures in strict accordance with the approved project;
• topography - specializes in measuring the geometric characteristics of various objects on the surface;
• space geodesy - includes geodetic measurements that are carried out both on the surface of the Earth and from satellites;
• surveying - specialists in this area are responsible for geodetic measurements in the bowels of the earth.

The job responsibilities of a surveyor depend on the area of ​​the profession. However, there are several main responsibilities that are present in each direction. This is direct work on the ground (calculating coordinates), processing the results obtained, analyzing data and drawing up topographic maps and plans.

What personal qualities should a surveyor have?

The work of a surveyor can be compared to the work of a sapper: both one and the other and have no room for error. Therefore, representatives of this profession must have such personal qualities as:

• accuracy;
• scrupulousness;
• pedantry;
• organization;
• diligence;
• discipline;
• attention to detail;
• ability to quickly navigate;
• emotional balance;
• Analytical mind;
• associative thinking.

In addition, the surveyor must be physically resilient, have acute vision and good color perception, have excellent coordination of movements, a “steady” hand and a developed attention span (that is, the ability to simultaneously perceive several objects at once). A good “help” in the work of a surveyor can be a penchant for research and the ability to “keep in mind” large volumes of the most diverse information for a long time.

Advantages of being a surveyor

Despite the fact that hundreds of geodesist specialists graduate from educational institutions every year, the demand for this profession in the labor market is very acute. Therefore, those guys who choose this profession intelligently and “at the behest of their heart” can easily get a job. In addition to being in demand, work qualified surveyor has such advantages as:

• high level of earnings - the average salary of a surveyor in Russia is 40-50 thousand rubles;
• a wide choice of places of work - today surveyors can work both in government agencies (BTI, city and rural administrations, research institutes, etc.) and in private structures (construction organizations, oil producing corporations, etc.);
• extensive “baggage of knowledge” - during the training process, a surveyor studies the theory and practice of not only geodetic, but astronomical and gravimetric work, and also acquires the skills of topographic reading, mathematical cartography, drawing, various methods of surveying terrain, etc.

Disadvantages of the surveyor profession

Since the work of any surveyor is inextricably linked with personal study of the area, the main disadvantage of this profession can be called working in the open air (and not always under favorable weather conditions). This leads to another drawback - field working conditions (that is, a toilet under the nearest bush, a dry lunch, and the like). Also among the disadvantages of this profession can be identified.