The court is your own and human. Essay based on Rasputin’s story “Live and Remember Live and Remember Critical Articles”

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"Live and Remember"

The plot of the story by V.G. Rasputin’s “Live and Remember” is reminiscent of a detective story: old man Guskov’s skis, an ax and a self-propelled gabak disappeared from the bathhouse. However, the work itself is written in a completely different genre: it is a deep philosophical reflection on the moral foundations of existence, on the power of love. Since the ax disappeared from under the floorboard, Nasten’s daughter-in-law immediately guesses that one of her own took it. A complex range of feelings takes possession of her. On the one hand, she wants to see her husband, whom she sincerely loves. On the other hand, he understands that if he is hiding from people, it means he has deserted from the front, and such a crime is not forgiven in wartime. A number of bright visual and expressive means of V.G. Rasputin shows the depth of Nastena’s experiences.

First, “she lay for a long time in the dark with her eyes open, afraid to move, so as not to give away her terrible guess to someone,” then she sniffed the air in the bathhouse like an animal, trying to catch familiar smells. She is tormented by a “stubborn horror in her heart.” The portrait of Nastena (long, skinny, with awkwardly protruding arms, legs and head, with frozen pain on her face) shows what moral and physical torment the war brought to the woman. Only her younger sister Katka forced Nastena to show interest in life and look for work. Nastena endured all the hardships steadfastly, learning to remain silent. She considered childlessness to be her greatest misfortune. Her husband Andrei was also worried about this and often beat her.

Rasputin does not try to justify Andrei’s desertion, but seeks to explain it from the position of a hero: he fought for a long time, deserved leave, wanted to see his wife, but the leave he was entitled to after being wounded was canceled. The betrayal that Andrei Guskov commits creeps into his soul gradually. At first he was haunted by the fear of death, which seemed inevitable to him: “If not today, then tomorrow, not tomorrow, then the day after tomorrow, when his turn comes.” Guskov survived both wounds and shell shock, experienced tank attacks and ski raids. V.G. Rasputin emphasizes that among the intelligence officers Andrei was considered a reliable comrade. Why did he take the path of betrayal? At first, Andrey just wants to see his family, Nastena, stay at home for a while and return. However, having traveled by train to Irkutsk, Guskov realized that in winter you couldn’t turn around in three days. Andrei remembered the demonstration execution, when in his presence they shot a boy who wanted to run fifty miles away to his village. Guskov understands that you won’t get a pat on the head for going AWOL.

Gradually Andrei began to hate himself. In Irkutsk, he settled for some time with a mute woman, Tanya, although he had absolutely no intention of doing this. A month later, Guskov finally found himself in his native place. However, the hero did not feel joy from the sight of the village. V.G. Rasputin constantly emphasizes that, having committed betrayal, Guskov embarked on the path of the beast. After some time, life, which he valued so much at the front, became no longer pleasant to him. Having committed treason, Andrei cannot respect himself. Mental anguish, nervous tension, the inability to relax for a minute turn him into a hunted animal.

Andrei's betrayal falls fatally on Nastena's shoulders. For a long time she cannot comprehend what has happened: her husband, who came secretly to his native land, seems to her to be a werewolf: “Understanding little, she suddenly realized: is it her husband? Wasn't it a werewolf with her? Can you see it in the dark? And they say they can pretend so that even in broad daylight you can’t tell them apart from the real thing.” Because of Andrey, the woman has to lie and dodge. With touching naivety, Nastena tries to confront cruel reality. It seems to the heroine that she only dreamed of the night meeting with her deserter husband. V.G. shows with fine detail. Rasputin, like Nastena, strives to remove the obsession from himself, to get rid of it like a nightmare. Official religiosity, lost during the years of Soviet power, is still alive in the depths of the consciousness of Russian people. It is her (as the strongest family amulet) that the unfortunate Nastena calls for help: “Not knowing how to place a cross correctly, she haphazardly crossed herself and whispered the words of a long-forgotten prayer that came to mind, left over from childhood.” However, the entire depth of grief and horror of the unfortunate woman, her awareness of the fatal line that Andrei’s betrayal drew between their family and the rest of the world, is embodied by the last phrase of the third part of the story, when Nastena freezes from the treacherous thought: “Wouldn’t it be better if this Was it really just a werewolf?

Nastena begins to help her husband hide and feeds him. She trades food for things. All the worries fell on this woman’s shoulders (about her younger sister, about her elderly in-laws). At the same time, a terrible secret puts a stone wall between Nastena and her fellow villagers: “Alone, completely alone among people: no one to talk to, no one to cry to, everything must be kept to oneself.”

The heroine's tragedy is intensified by the fact that she became pregnant. Having learned about this, Andrei at first rejoices, and then understands what a difficult situation his wife finds herself in: after all, everyone will think that the woman spoiled this child while her husband is fighting at the front. In a difficult conversation on this topic, the symbolically important image of the Angara arises. “You only had one side: people. There, on the right hand of the Angara. And now there are two: people and me. It’s impossible to bring them together: the Angara needs to dry out,” says Andrey Nastene.

During the conversation, it turns out that the heroes once had the same dream: Nastena, in her girlish form, comes to Andrei, who is lying near the birch trees and calls him, telling him that she was tortured with the children.

The description of this dream once again emphasizes the painful intractability of the situation in which Nastena found herself.

Talking about the fate of the heroine, V.G. Rasputin simultaneously sets out his views on life and happiness. They are sometimes expressed by him in aphoristic phrases: “Life is not clothes, you don’t try them on ten times. What you have is all yours, and it’s not good to renounce anything, even the worst.” It’s paradoxical, but, left alone with their common joy and misfortune, the heroes finally found that spiritual closeness, that mutual understanding that was not there when they lived happily as a family before the war.

Having learned about Nastena's pregnancy, her fellow villagers condemn her. Only Andrei's father Mikheich understands with his heart the bitter truth about which he is so stubbornly silent. Tired of shame and eternal fear, she throws herself from the boat into the waters of the Angara River. Plot-story by V.G. Rasputin's “Live and Remember” shows that in difficult moments for the homeland, every person must courageously share its fate, and those who showed cowardice and cowardice will face retribution. They have no future, no right to happiness and procreation.

In addition to the main storyline, the story contains interesting author's reflections on the fate of the village. During the war, the village becomes shallow. The souls of people are hardened by grief. Pain for the fate of the Russian village is a cross-cutting theme in V.G.’s work. Rasputin.

Composition

War... The word itself speaks of trouble and grief, misfortune and tears. How many people died during this terrible Great Patriotic War!.. But, dying, they knew that they were fighting for their land, for their relatives and friends. Death is scary, but the spiritual death of a person is much more terrible. This is exactly what V. Rasputin’s story “Live and Remember” tells about.

The author reveals the soul of deserter Andrei Guskov. This man was in the war and was wounded and shell-shocked more than once. But, having been discharged from the hospital, Andrei did not go to his unit, but stealthily made his way to his native village, becoming a deserter.

There is no detective plot in the story, there are few heroes, but all this only enhances the growing psychologism. V. Rasputin specifically portrays an ordinary person with average mental and spiritual abilities in the image of Andrei. He was not a coward; he conscientiously performed all his soldier’s duties at the front.

“He was afraid to go to the front,” says the author. - He prepared all of himself, to the last drop and to the last thought, for the meeting with his family - with his father, mother, Nastena - and lived by this, recovered and breathed by this, that’s all he knew... How could he go back again, under the bullets, under death, when it’s nearby, in your own country, in Siberia? Is this right and fair? He just needs to be at home for one single day, to calm his soul - then he’s again ready for anything.” Yes, that’s exactly what Andrey wanted to do. But something broke in him, something changed. The road turned out to be long, he got used to the idea of the impossibility of returning.

In the end, he burns all his bridges and becomes a deserter, and therefore a criminal. When Andrei found himself near his home, he realized the baseness of his act, realized that something terrible had happened and now he would have to hide from people all his life. It is in this vein that the image of the protagonist is most often interpreted. But it is worth considering that Andrei is still too young to become a heroic person. He had no intention of deserting, but the longing for his relatives, his family, his native village turned out to be the strongest, and the very day that he was not given for vacation becomes fatal.

This story is not only about how a soldier becomes a deserter. It is also about cruelty, the destructive power of war, which kills feelings and desires in a person. If this happens, a person is completely free to become a hero. If not, then the melancholy will usually be stronger. Therefore, Andrei Guskov is not just a traitor, he is a person doomed to death from the very beginning. He is weak, but can you blame him for being weak?

The tragedy of the story is enhanced by the fact that not only Andrei dies in it. Following him, he takes away both his young wife and unborn child. Nastena is a woman who is capable of sacrificing everything so that her loved one remains alive. But, despite her love for him, she still considers her husband to be guilty. Her pain intensifies the possible condemnation of her fellow villagers.

Like her husband, Nastena is a victim of a devastating war. But if Andrei can be blamed, then Nastena is an innocent victim. She is ready to take a blow, the suspicions of loved ones, the condemnation of neighbors, even punishment - all this evokes undeniable sympathy in the reader. “The war delayed Nastena’s happiness, but Nastena believed even during the war that it would come. Peace will come, Andrei will return, and everything that has stopped over these years will move forward again. Nastena couldn’t imagine her life any other way. But Andrei came ahead of time, before the victory, and confused everything, mixed it up, knocked it out of order - Nastena could not help but guess about this. Now I had to think not about happiness - about something else. And it, frightened, moved away somewhere, was eclipsed, obscured - there seemed to be no way for it from there, no hope.” The idea of life is destroyed, and with them life itself. Having lost her support in this whirlpool, Nastena chooses another whirlpool: the river takes the woman to itself, freeing her from any other choice.

Valentin Rasputin, a humanist in essence, in the story “Live and Remember” depicts the inhumane nature of war, which kills even at a great distance.

The main character of the book is Andrei Guskov, “an efficient and brave guy who married Nastya early and lived with her for four years before the war.” But the Great Patriotic War unceremoniously invades the peaceful life of the Russian people. Together with the entire male part of the population, Andrei also went to war. Nothing foreshadowed such a strange and incomprehensible situation, and now, as an unexpected blow for Nastena, the news that her husband Andrei Guskov is a traitor. Not every person is given the opportunity to experience such grief and shame. This incident dramatically turns upside down and changes the life of Nastya Guskova. “...Where were you, man, what toys were you playing with when your destiny was assigned? Why did you agree with her? Why, without thinking, did you cut off your wings, just when you need them most, when you need to fly away from trouble, not by crawling?” Now she is under the power of her feelings and love. Lost in the depths of village life, women's drama is extracted and shown as a living picture, which is increasingly found against the backdrop of war.

The author claims that Nastena is a victim of war and its laws. She could not act differently, not obeying her feelings and the will of fate. Nastya loves and pities Andrei, but when the shame of human judgment over herself and over her unborn child overcomes the power of love for her husband and life, she stepped overboard of the boat in the middle of the Angara, dying between two shores - the shore of her husband and the shore of all Russian people. Rasputin gives readers the right to judge the actions of Andrei and Nastena, to identify for themselves all the good and realize all the bad.

The author himself is a kind writer, inclined to forgive a person rather than condemn, much less condemn mercilessly. He tries to provide his heroes with an opportunity for correction. But there are such phenomena and events that are unbearable for the people around the heroes, and the author does not have the mental strength to comprehend them, but there is only one rejection. Valentin Rasputin, with inexhaustible purity of heart for a Russian writer, shows a resident of our village in the most unexpected situations.

The author compares Nastena’s nobility with Guskov’s wild mind. The example of how Andrei pounces on the calf and bullies it, it is clear that he has lost his human image and has completely moved away from people. Nastya is trying to reason with her and show her husband’s mistake, but she does it lovingly and does not insist. The author introduces a lot of thoughts about life into his story. We see this especially well when Andrey and Nastya meet. The characters languish in their thoughts not out of melancholy or idleness, but wanting to understand the purpose of human life.

The images described by Rasputin are great and multifaceted. Here is a collective image of grandfather Mikheich and his wife, the conservatively strict Semyonovna, typical of village life. And the image of the soldier Maxim Volozhin, courageous and heroic, sparing no effort, fighting for the Fatherland. The many-sided and contradictory image of a truly Russian woman - Nadya, left alone with three children. It is she who confirms the words of N.A. Nekrasov: “...a Russian share, a woman’s share.” Both life during the war and its happy ending were reflected in the fate of the village of Atamanovka.

Valentin Rasputin, with everything he wrote, convinces us that there is light in a person and it is difficult to extinguish it, no matter what the circumstances may be. In the heroes of V.G. Rasputin himself has a certain poetic feeling, opposed to the established perception of life. Follow the words of Valentin Grigorievich Rasputin: “Live forever, love forever.”

Other works on this work

The mastery of depicting folk life in one of the works of Russian literature of the 20th century. (V.G. Rasputin. “Live and Remember.”) The story of V. Rasputin "Live and Remember" Why "Live and Remember"? Problems of morality in modern literature

Sections: Literature

Goals:

Create conditions for improving the skills and abilities of text analysis, understanding the main idea of a work, and developing the ability to see its artistic features.
To evoke in children thinking about what they read, a spiritual response and a sense of human responsibility for their choice.
Help students learn to work with different types of information and build communication with text.

During the classes

I. Teacher's opening speech.

Not the one from fairy tales, not the one from the cradle,
Not the one that was taught in textbooks,
And the one that glowed in the inflamed eyes,
And the one who cried, I remembered the Motherland.
And I see her on the eve of victory
Not stone, bronze, crowned with glory,
And the eyes of the one who cried, walking through troubles,
A Russian woman who bore everything, endured everything.
K. Simonov

Today we are talking about war. It's always difficult to talk about her.

During the war, about 27 million people died in the USSR, 40% were civilians who died in concentration camps, and according to unofficial data, losses amounted to more than 40 million people.

Terrible numbers; there was not a family in the country that did not suffer during the war. This huge fiery wheel passed through destinies and crippled the souls of people. Sometimes serious offenses were committed, but many were forgiven. Can everything be justified by war?

Today we will try to solve this problem: “Will the war write off everything?..” using the example of Valentin Rasputin’s story “Live and Remember.”

Valentin Grigorievich Rasputin was born in 1937. A modern Russian writer, a native Siberian, has always lived and lives in his homeland, writes about those who are nearby, whom he knows and loves. His work has been recognized by many state awards and literary prizes. For the story “Live and Remember,” published in 1974, he was awarded the State Prize.

The plot of this story was based on childhood memories: “I remember how a deserter was discovered not far from our village. He hid for a long time, lived away from human habitation. He became embittered, killed a calf, and stole something from someone. I remember how an overgrown, scary man was led through the entire village. This childhood impression was deposited in my memory and many years later the seed of the plot hatched.”

II. Analysis of the story.

Teacher: Briefly retell the content.

Teacher: We will talk about Andrei Guskov.

Is the illustration successful? How did the artist manage to convey the hero’s state?

– His pose (he turned his back), hunched figure, uncut hair indicate that this man is afraid of something, he has something to hide.

Teacher: So, Andrei commits a crime. Can we so unconditionally call him a criminal? How did he fight, how was he treated? Opinions will be different, so to answer this question we divide into two groups, one defends, the other accuses.

Teacher: But instead of going to the front, he decides to go home. How did he walk, with what feelings?

“He had nothing to say even to himself. He somehow suddenly became disgusted with himself, hated himself. He was now an unknown person. Everything in him shifted, turned over, hung in the air.” Along the way he hid, was cautious, and constantly looked around.

Teacher: How did you feel when you got there?

– I didn’t feel any feelings. Wasn't able to test it. In his bath he fell like a dead man.

Teacher: Andrey establishes a connection with his wife, who is trying to bring him back to people. How does he explain his reluctance to go out to people and repent?

- Taking care of relatives, so as not to point fingers. I don't want to spoil the child.

Teacher: For whom does Andrei come up with these excuses, who does he want to reassure?

- Myself. After all, in order to go out to people, you need to commit an act, which Andrei was incapable of.

Teacher: He opposes himself to the rest of the world, gradually losing his human qualities. Let's find examples of this contrast.

– He starts doing dirty tricks on people (he steals fish, rolls a tree stump onto the road, wants to set fire to the mill). They may not see him, but they suspect that he exists.

Teacher: What does he feel when he secretly watches the village, his father?

“I got sick there, suffered, and was ready to give anything to get even a glimpse of my Atamanovka. But here I come – and my soul is empty.” “He had to come here in order to be convinced in reality, up close, that he would never be in his home, not talk to his father and mother, now he understood that he had no way to come here.”

Teacher: The connection with his fellow villagers is severed, he walks along the land where he once worked, hoping that the land will remember him. Does nature accept it?

- No. He violated not only moral laws, but also the laws of nature. It destroys nature itself and encroaches on its main incentive - the continuation of life on earth.

Teacher: The story contains two scenes of killing animals in chapters 8 and 15. How does Andrei behave in scenes of killing animals? (read out)

– He doesn’t finish off the goat, he watches her die. He looked into the animal’s eyes, wanting to see death approaching there, but he saw his reflection. For this animal, he was that very death.

And he kills the calf on May 1st, not because there was nothing to eat, but out of anger at people, wanting to annoy those who can live and have fun openly, without hiding from anyone. And this anger in a person turns into rage, he becomes against nature.

Teacher: Compare how a person and an animal behave in this episode?

- “Guskov went completely wild,” “the cow screamed.” An animal behaves like a human, and a human behaves like an animal. It is also noteworthy that at the beginning of the episode the author calls the hero by his first name, then by his last name, and at the moment of the murder itself, just a man. Rasputin takes away from him the most important accessory of a person - his name, believing that Guskov is not worthy of it.

Teacher: The author uses the technique of dehumanizing the hero, that is, depriving him of the qualities of a person. We proved that the person inside Andrei Guskov died. Depicting the internal dehumanization of the hero, the author also shows external changes. Let's see how Andrei Guskov's appearance changed.

III. Work according to the table.

Andrey Guskov – Dehumanization of the hero

Chapter 2	Strong, hard hands, hoarse, rusty voice. She could not see the face, only something large and shaggy vaguely blackened in front of her.
Chapter 6	Finally, Nastena could see him: the same gnarled figure, slightly turned to the right, and the same wide, Asian-style flattened snub-nosed face, overgrown with a black, tattered beard. The deep-set eyes looked defiantly and tenaciously. He is a familiar, close, dear person to Nastya, and yet a stranger, incomprehensible. - You are wonderful with that beard. Like a goblin. - I'll shave it off. Although no, I won’t. So as not to be like yourself. It's better than hell.
Chapter 8	One day I saw a wolf who began to come to the winter hut and howl. Guskov, wanting to scare away the beast, opened the door slightly, and in anger, mimicking it, answered it with his howl. He answered and was amazed: his voice came so close to that of a wolf. ...Guskov, having realized to put pressure on his throat and throw back his head, removed the extra hoarseness from his voice and learned to carry it high and clear. In the end, the wolf could not stand it and retreated from the winter hut.
Chapter 10	The wall constantly imagined substitution, deception. It seemed to her that she herself was covered with disgusting animal fur.
Chapter 13	You can't truly feel like an animal until you see that pets exist.
Chapter 15	He now slept fitfully. Moonlit nights began to bother him. And the brighter the moon shone, the more restless - the more suffocating he felt... Guskov froze like an animal, sensitively responding to every sound. He learned to penetrate into places where access to humans is prohibited. He walked and sniffed, peered, looked around, guarded his step, skirted open places, hid. At such moments, his memory seemed to be clouded, he refused to believe that he had been at war, lived among people, but it seemed that he had always been wandering around alone, having neither home nor business.
Chapter 18	His face became very sharp and dry. The eyes froze and looked from the depths with intent anguish. The beard no longer seemed black, but dirty piebald. He held his head forward, as if constantly peering or listening to something. He had recently picked up the hair on his head and cut it to the touch; it hung in uneven clumps. What scared Nastena most of all was her eyes: they had changed so much since the last meeting, they were so filled with melancholy, they had lost all expression except attention. His voice broke: he often broke down, sometimes becoming inappropriately stern, sometimes pitiful, almost crying - either from constant silence, or from loneliness, or from something else. And, seeing again in front of him Andrei’s sagging and ugly overgrown, mossy face, his sunken eyes, sharp and exhausted by suffering, his half-bent, wary figure in dirty clothes; Finding herself after the rain in a damp, dark winter hut with the bitter smell of stale, stifled air - seeing and feeling all this, Nastena shuddered.

Teacher: He becomes more than just a beast. What feeling does not leave Nastena from the very first meeting?

- That this is a werewolf. It is no coincidence that Rasputin chooses for Guskov the guise of a wolf, which he becomes like. But the wolf is still part of nature. In Rus', evil spirits were often called undead. If you break this word, you get NOT TO LIVE.

Andrey Guskov is someone who can’t live with people.

Teacher: And who is to blame for this situation? Whom does Andrei blame?

– For Andrey there are two culprits – war and fate. He is not ready, does not want to take responsibility for his actions, and hides behind them. “It’s all war, it’s all damned!” “Andrei understood: his fate had turned into a dead end, from which there was no way out. And the fact that there was no turning back freed him from unnecessary thoughts.” He does not think about the suffering he brings to his family.

Teacher: What do we know about his family?

“Father Mikheich is kind, gentle, and always supported Nastena.

Teacher: What feature in his middle name might indicate his character?

- All consonants are soft.

Teacher: How does he behave after his guess about the return of his son?

– I felt the closeness of my son, moved away from people, feeling guilty for his action.

Teacher: Did the mother feel the closeness of her son? Why?

– Semyonovna did not feel her son’s proximity. Perhaps this is blind maternal love - she did not even allow the thought that her son would return differently than a hero.

Teacher: So, Andrei opposed himself to everyone: fellow villagers, nature, relatives. The only link that connected him to this world was Nastena.

Reading the story, you understand that it was not written for Andrei’s sake, but for Nastena’s sake. In order to show how a person changes under the influence of difficult moral experiences that befall him. What do we know about Nastena’s fate?

Teacher: Look at the illustration. This is the first meeting of the heroes. Does Nastena doubt whether to help or not help Andrey? Could she send him away now? Why?

Teacher: What does Nastena understand? How will she have to live now?

– She is determined, she will help, she does not separate her fate from her husband’s, but she will have to lie, be cunning, and dodge.

Teacher: What feelings does she have for Andrey?

– I loved, pitying, and regretted, loving. These are two feelings that guide a Russian woman through life. I was only thinking about where to get the strength that would help return him to his place.

Teacher: Where did Nastena get her strength anyway? Where does this moral fortitude and devotion come from?

- Everything from childhood. It is there that character is tempered and a person is formed. Nastena and Andrey had different childhoods, and their personalities turned out to be different.

Teacher: Now we need to say a few words about the composition. Did you notice anything while reading?

– V. Rasputin has a special structure of the composition – a mirror arrangement of chapters. Similar episodes are repeated after some time.

– Repetition allows you to take a closer look at the inner world of the characters, to see how the state and consciousness of the characters changes.

Teacher: Finding out the reasons for the actions of the heroes, the author takes us to childhood, to where personality is formed. And then events begin to develop rapidly, and the author leads us to a tragic ending. Events are repeated, but the heroes are different.

Teacher: Look at the illustration. How has Nastena changed?

– Tired, old and terribly lonely.

Teacher: She feels lonely even among people. There are two mass scenes in the story that prove this (the return of Maxim Vologzhin and the day the war ended). Let's see how Nastena felt when she was among people?

– She feels lonely, believes that she is unworthy to be with everyone. She is forced to prove to herself that she has the right to rejoice with everyone, that she deserves this holiday.

Teacher: But there is no limit to human suffering. Fate sends her another test - an unborn child. Why this test?

Teacher: And then a simple and evil thought comes to her: “I wish it would end soon. Any ending is better than this life.” But she had hope for the help of nature. What time in the life of the village was Nastena looking forward to?

- It's haymaking time. This is the time when all people are together, and not only the unity of people is felt, but also the unity with nature. After all, she always helped Nastya.

Teacher: Let's remember the description of nature in chapters 10 and 19. Why such a gloomy landscape?

– Nature is trying to stop her, detain her.

Teacher: But Nastena never waited for haymaking. She understands that Andrei was tracked down and tries to warn him. With what feelings does she set off on this final journey?

“I was ashamed in front of Andrei, in front of people, in front of myself. She's tired. Nastena asks herself questions to which there is no answer.

Teacher: Imagine night, silence, the river is shimmering and on this moonlit path there is a lonely woman in a boat. So she gets up, hangs over the edge, and the silence is broken by a cry: “Nastena, stop, don’t you dare, Nastena!” And we understand that this is not only the cry of Maxim Vologzhin, it is the cry of the author himself.

V. Rasputin wrote: “I am inclined to accept Nastena’s death not as a victory of evil, but as a severe test of the moral law, when they demand from him: “Give up,” and through tears and torment he: “I can’t.”

Teacher: Why did Nastena decide to commit suicide?

– A high degree of self-sacrifice led her to a dead end from which she found no other way out.

Teacher: Do you think that if Andrei decided to act, if he came out to people, would they forgive him?

“They forgive Nastya, and he would be forgiven.”

Teacher: Were there any details in the text that would have told us such an ending to Nastena’s life, such a death?

– I was afraid of water, a cemetery for drowned people. These are symbols, hints from the author.

Teacher: Are there any other symbolic details and what meaning do they carry?

– Working with symbols (winter hut and house, Hangar, clock, axe, cave).

Teacher: Such a detail as the ax does not take us to another era, to another author?

– F.M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment".

Teacher: What common?

– The motive for the crime, opposing oneself to people, the characters of the main characters, but the ending is different.

- This would elevate him, remove some of the guilt, turn cowardice into delusion. But in this case he would be the main character, and the story is not about him.

The author’s main task is to show the highest degree of responsibility for one’s life to oneself and people, the strength of the human spirit in the image of Nastena. The measure of Guskov’s moral decline allows us to identify and highlight Nastena’s high spirituality.

IV. Working with the diagram.

Together with Nastena, the reader comprehends a higher system of values. And the title is addressed not to Andrei Guskov, but to all readers. V. Rasputin addresses the people: “Live and remember, man, in trouble, in grief, in the most difficult days of trials, your place is next to your people, any apostasy, whether caused by your weakness, or misunderstanding, turns into even greater grief for your homeland , people, and therefore, for you too..."

Teacher: Answering the question posed in the title of the topic, what can we say?

– War will write off a lot, but there are higher moral laws that no one has the right to transgress and it is impossible to justify such actions.

V. Reflection.

Teacher: Returning to the epigraph, tell me, with what feelings did you go to class, and what changed when we visited the very edge of human life?

The main lesson we must learn is the realization that sometimes the price of an action can be a human life.

VI. Lesson summary.

Homework: written work: “My attitude towards...” (express your thoughts that you could not express in class).

Sections: Literature

Goals:

Create conditions for improving the skills and abilities of text analysis, understanding the main idea of a work, and developing the ability to see its artistic features.
To evoke in children thinking about what they read, a spiritual response and a sense of human responsibility for their choice.
Help students learn to work with different types of information and build communication with text.