Point of the lunar orbit. Bullet point in the US lunar scam. Legal issues of the exploration of the moon

A dying interview of the famous film director Stanley Kubrick has been published, in which he spoke in detail and in detail about the fact that all the moon landings were fabricated by NASA and how he filmed all the footage of the American lunar expeditions on Earth...

Thus, in the long-term unprecedented lunar offer of the United States by the world-famous Hollywood director himself, a fat and final point has been put.

Interview published 15 years after death. Director T. Patrick Murray interviewed Stanley Kubrick three days before his death in March 1999. Previously, he was forced to sign an 88-page non-disclosure agreement (NDA) for the contents of the interview for 15 years from the date of Kubrick's death.

Here is a transcript of an interview with Stanley Kubrick (in English).

Kubrick's dying interview in recent days has become a real sensation all over the world.
To understand its scale, it is enough to make a request in Google:

In 1971, Kubrick left the US for the UK and never returned to America. All his subsequent films were filmed only in England. For many years, the director led a reclusive life, fearing murder. According to the English newspaper "Sun", the director "was afraid of being killed by American intelligence agencies, following the example of other participants in the US television network."

The director died suddenly, allegedly of a heart attack, at the end of the editing period for Eyes Wide Shut, which starred Tom Cruise and Nicole Kidman. It was Kidman who in July 2002, in an interview with the American newspaper The National Enquirer, reported that Kubrick had been killed. The director called her 2 hours before the official “sudden death” time and asked her not to come to Hertfordshire, where, as he put it, “we will all be poisoned so quickly that we won’t even have time to sneeze.” According to British journalists, the US National Security Agency first tried to kill Kubrick back in 1979.

The violent nature of Kubrick's death on March 7, 1999 at the English estate near Harpenden (Hertfordshire) later became the cause of his widow's revelations. In the summer of 2003, in an interview on French television, and later, on November 16, 2003, in the program “The Dark Side of the Moon” (CBC Newsworld), the widow of the director, German actress Christiane Kubrick (Christiane Susanne Harlan) made a public confession, the essence of which is as follows:

At a time when the USSR was already in full swing exploring space, US President Richard Nixon, inspired, according to the widow, by her husband's sci-fi epic film, which went down in history as one of the best masterpieces of Hollywood "2001: A Space Odyssey" (1968), urged the director, along with other Hollywood professionals, "to save the national honor and dignity of the United States." What the masters of the "dream factory" led by Kubrick did. The decision to falsify was made personally by the President of the United States.

Similar statements from the participants of the "project" were made before.

In particular, rocket engineer Bill Kaysing, who worked at Rocketdyne, the company that built rocket engines for the Apollo program, is the author of We Never Flew to the Moon. The $30 Billion American Hoax" ("We Never Went to the Moon: America's Thirty Billion Dollar Swindle"), published in 1974 and co-written with Randy Reid, also claimed that under the guise of a live report on the landing of the lunar NASA module distributed a fake filmed on Earth. For filming, a military training ground in the Nevada desert was used. In the pictures taken at different times by Soviet reconnaissance satellites, one can clearly see huge hangars, as well as a large area of ​​the "lunar surface" dotted with craters. It was there that all the "lunar expeditions" filmed by Hollywood specialists took place.

There were even daredevils among the astronauts themselves. So, the American astronaut Brian O'Leary, answering a direct question, said that he "cannot give a 100% guarantee that Neil Armstrong and Edwin Aldrin really went to the moon."

However, only now, after the direct confessions of Stanley Kubrick himself - the world-famous Hollywood director of directing, the American lunar offer has come to an end.

Directed by Stanley Kubrick, Nevada, military training ground, 1969.

The Lunar Nodes are the intersection points of the Moon's orbit with the ecliptic - the plane of the Earth's motion around the Sun.. The moon then dives under this plane, then emerges from under it. The transitions of the moon occur at the lunar nodes. These are really peculiar knots connecting the lunar and solar paths in our life.

Audio release of the broadcast

As we have already said, eclipses are possible only when the lunar nodes are on the Sun-Earth line. They are on this line only twice a year, and then there are corridors of eclipses. In other periods, the lunar nodes go away from the Sun-Earth line, respectively, the Moon does not fall on this line and the Sun does not overlap.

What are these mysterious points that mark critical and turning points in our lives?

A person does not start his journey on Earth from scratch or from scratch. He has already passed a certain part of the path and has gained experience that expresses Descending (South) lunar node. This experience can be bitter or positive. In any case, a person feels some areas of life are more or less mastered, and it is easy for him to do what he is familiar with and is good at. In such cases, they say - this is an innate skill from past lives. It is necessary that the experience of past achievements turn into a solid base for future conquests and advancement in life. This is a base on which you can rely, but not the end point of the path.

Ascending (North) lunar node in turn, it shows that direction in life that a person has not mastered and is given for study. The future can be frightening with its unknown, and knowledge is constantly lacking. Moving towards the goal is often associated with mistakes and misses, and the tops sometimes seem unattainable. However, you need to move in the direction of the Ascending Node. This will mean the desire to fulfill their life mission of the current incarnation.

Lunar nodes should not be considered separately from other elements of the horoscope. They can enhance or emphasize the general meaning and message inherent in the birth chart. Analysis of the position of the Lunar nodes is very important in the study and solution of karmic issues and tasks. The position of the lunar nodes determines the Axis of fate in a person's birth chart- from the South to the North, from the Descending to the Ascending node.

The position of the South Node in the sign and house of the horoscope helps to determine the innate characteristics of a person, his abilities, talents and qualities, which manifest themselves with ease and without effort, naturally, unconsciously. It reveals a deep psychological layer, the most rooted reactions to the world, obsessing over which, we find ourselves in an inner dead end. The South "pole" of the horoscope is the line of least resistance. But development path is different. It requires a person to strive in a new direction using what was given to him by birth. This new direction indicates the North Node, telling how a person can take full advantage of the opportunities prepared by fate.

The position of the North Node is a type of behavior and response to external challenges, which for a person is preferable, favorable, opens up new paths and helps to solve problems. For example, the case when the lunar nodes in the horoscope accentuate the axis of the 4th and 10th astrological Houses - the topic is actively turned on "family - career" in the fate of man. Or another case when the lunar nodes in the horoscope accentuate the axis of the 1st and 7th Houses, the axis "personality and relationships with other people". Accordingly, along these axes, along these spheres, the main lessons of the fate of man will go.

The lunar nodes return to their original positions when we turn 18-19, 37-38, 56-57, 74-75 years old. These are the key moments of life that make a person evaluate and comprehend the experience, find the reason for their successes and failures, make it possible to plan the future in accordance with the results of the past. These years can become critical, and even fatal, if a person avoided spiritual efforts., a new experience and a new direction indicated by the North Node. If he remained in his usual positions, he was afraid of the necessary changes.

The axis of nodes is the core on which all the components of our birth chart are strung, I am realized in our innate character traits and life situations. They answer questions "where?" and where?" a man walks, show the way of the greatest progress and the least losses.

• "Apogee BK-01" is a Soviet 8-bit household computer developed on the basis of Radio 86RK. It has been mass-produced since 1988.
• The pinnacle of something
• Highest point
• The highest point in the development of something; pinnacle, flourish
• High point of fame
• Farthest, highest point of orbit (astronomical)
• The point in the orbit of the Moon or an artificial satellite of the Earth that is furthest from the center of the Earth (opposite: perigee)
• Far point of orbit
• Farthest point of the Moon's orbit
• Lunar orbit point
• The farthest point from the Earth in the orbit of the Moon or an artificial satellite of the Earth

APOSETLES

• Lunar orbit point
• The most distant point in the orbit of an artificial satellite of the Moon
• Perigee (Greek περίγειος, lit. "terrestrial") - the closest point to the Earth in the near-Earth orbit of a celestial body, usually the Moon or an artificial satellite of the Earth.
• M. or perigee. point of the lunar and planetary path closest to the earth. Perihelion m. point of the planetary and cometary path closest to the sun. See aphelion, apogee
• Lunar orbit point
• Point of the lunar orbit closest to earth
• Lowest point in orbit closest to Earth (astronomical)
• Lower point of the lunar orbit
• The closest point to the Earth in the orbit of the Moon or an artificial satellite
• Apse (from other Greek ἁψίς, ἁψῖδος - vault), apse (lat. absis) - a lower ledge of the building adjacent to the main volume, semicircular, faceted, rectangular or complicated in plan, covered with a semi-dome (conch) or closed semi-vault.
• Astronomer. two end points of the orbit, the major axis of the planet's path: the points of its closest and further distance from the sun; first perihelion, second aphelion, and in the lunar path perigee and apogee

In the lunar month there is four critical points – days of exact phases. These are the days when the Moon and the Sun rise relative to each other at a conventional distance, which is considered tense and critical.
First quarter lunar month falls, as a rule, on the 7-8th lunar day.
Second quarter or full moon- from the 14th to the 17th lunar day, but most often the 15th or 16th lunar day
third quarter falls on the 22nd - 23rd lunar day.
fourth quarter- this is the end of the lunar month, the moment of the new moon, which begins the lunar rhythm of the new month.
Four critical points of the lunar month (new moon, full moon, days of the first and third quarters)- according to statistics, this is the time of accidents and disasters, traffic accidents and exacerbations of diseases. This is also the time of switching internal processes that cause the instability of the energy state of a person and the vulnerability of his psyche. Weakening of the body reduces human immunity, worsens the supply of oxygen to the brain.
Full moon This is the time when everything on Earth begins to live in full force. Healing herbs collected at this time have a special effect.
Folk wisdom notes that a rich harvest cannot be preserved if it is harvested without taking into account the lunar phases. The rule is simple: everything that grows above the ground must be planted or sown in the periods before the full moon, and everything that bears fruit underground - potatoes, carrots, beets - in the period after the full moon.
The full moon adversely affects our psyche, we are somewhat tense. Women are especially sensitive to the influence of the full moon. But men, too, on the full moon are not recommended to make responsible decisions, walk bareheaded down the street and sleep in the moonlight. There is something in this light, not yet known to science: put a sharp razor at night in the light of the full moon, and in the morning it will be impossible to shave it, it will become so dull. Why, no one knows.
Statistics show that the number of traffic accidents, serious crimes, unmotivated quarrels and hooligan antics is growing on the full moon. The full moon causes blood flow to the lower body, gives instability in business (treatment). Almost as unfavorable is the new moon, which has a particularly strong effect on men.
On the days of the new moon the body is at the very bottom of the decline in vital activity, the immune system is weakening, the likelihood of errors and failures in behavior increases. On the new moon and in the next few days, cerebral hemorrhages, heart attacks, and epileptic seizures occur more often. Men are mentally tense, aggressive, nervous and uncommunicative.
The action of the full moon and new moon is enhanced during eclipses. The solar (coming before the new moon) has a stronger effect on the physical condition of a person, and the lunar (it occurs on the full moon) - on the psyche. The effect of the eclipse is felt throughout the month: 15 days before and 15 after the eclipse, the most active - within + - 5 days from the date of the eclipse.
The full moon is not only the cause of anxiety and insomnia. It does not give rest to lovers either: the apogee of love feelings falls precisely on the full moon.
During the first and last quarter of the lunar month, one should be more careful and attentive on the street, not be overloaded with physical and mental work, and refrain from alcohol.
Creative people have a special relationship with the Moon. Poets and artists who create their best works during this period are subject to emotional upsurge during the full moon.

Forty years ago, on July 20, 1969, man stepped onto the surface of the moon for the first time. NASA's Apollo 11 spacecraft, with a crew of three astronauts (Commander Neil Armstrong, Lunar Module Pilot Edwin Aldrin, and Command Module Pilot Michael Collins), became the first to reach the Moon in the USSR-US space race.

Not being self-luminous, the Moon is visible only in the part where the sun's rays fall, either directly or reflected by the Earth. This explains the phases of the moon.

Every month, the Moon, moving in orbit, passes approximately between the Sun and the Earth and faces the Earth with its dark side, at which time a new moon occurs. One or two days later, a narrow bright crescent of the "young" Moon appears in the western part of the sky.

The rest of the lunar disk is at this time dimly illuminated by the Earth, turned to the Moon by its daytime hemisphere; this faint glow of the moon is the so-called ashen light of the moon. After 7 days, the Moon moves away from the Sun by 90 degrees; the first quarter of the lunar cycle begins, when exactly half of the lunar disk is illuminated and the terminator, i.e. the dividing line of the light and dark sides, becomes a straight line - the diameter of the lunar disk. In the following days, the terminator becomes convex, the appearance of the Moon approaches the bright circle, and in 14-15 days the full moon occurs. Then the western edge of the Moon begins to deteriorate; on the 22nd day, the last quarter is observed, when the Moon is again visible in a semicircle, but this time with a convexity facing the east. The angular distance of the Moon from the Sun decreases, it again becomes a narrowing crescent, and after 29.5 days a new moon occurs again.

The points of intersection of the orbit with the ecliptic, called the ascending and descending nodes, have uneven backward movement and make a complete revolution along the ecliptic in 6794 days (about 18.6 years), as a result of which the Moon returns to the same node after an interval of time - the so-called draconian month - shorter than sidereal and on average equal to 27.21222 days; The frequency of solar and lunar eclipses is associated with this month.

The visual magnitude (a measure of the illumination created by a celestial body) of the full moon at an average distance is - 12.7; it sends 465,000 times less light to Earth on a full moon than the Sun.

Depending on what phase the Moon is in, the amount of light decreases much faster than the area of ​​the illuminated part of the Moon, so when the Moon is in a quarter and we see half of its disk is bright, it sends to Earth not 50%, but only 8 % light from the full moon.

The color index of moonlight is +1.2, i.e., it is noticeably redder than the sun.

The moon rotates relative to the sun with a period equal to the synodic month, so the day on the moon lasts almost 15 days and the night lasts the same amount.

Not being protected by the atmosphere, the surface of the Moon heats up to + 110 ° C during the day, and cools down to -120 ° C at night, however, as radio observations have shown, these huge temperature fluctuations penetrate only a few dm deep due to the extremely weak thermal conductivity of the surface layers. For the same reason, during total lunar eclipses, the heated surface cools rapidly, although some places retain heat longer, probably due to the large heat capacity (the so-called "hot spots").

relief of the moon

Even with the naked eye, irregular darkish extended spots are visible on the Moon, which were taken for the seas: the name has been preserved, although it has been established that these formations have nothing to do with the earth's seas. Telescopic observations, initiated in 1610 by Galileo Galilei, revealed the mountainous structure of the Moon's surface.

It turned out that the seas are plains of a darker shade than other areas, sometimes called continental (or mainland), teeming with mountains, most of which are ring-shaped (craters).

Based on long-term observations, detailed maps of the Moon were compiled. The first such maps were published in 1647 by Jan Hevelius (German Johannes Hevel, Polish Jan Heweliusz,) in Danzig (modern - Gdansk, Poland). Having retained the term "seas", he also assigned names to the main lunar ranges - according to similar terrestrial formations: the Apennines, the Caucasus, the Alps.

Giovanni Batista Riccioli from Ferrara (Italy) in 1651 gave fantastic names to the vast dark lowlands: Ocean of Storms, Sea of ​​Crises, Sea of ​​Tranquility, Sea of ​​Rains and so on, he called the smaller dark areas adjacent to the seas bays, for example , Rainbow Bay, and small irregular spots are swamps, such as Rot Swamp. Separate mountains, mostly ring-shaped, he named the names of prominent scientists: Copernicus, Kepler, Tycho Brahe and others.

These names have been preserved on lunar maps to this day, and many new names of prominent people, scientists of a later time have been added. The names of Konstantin Eduardovich Tsiolkovsky, Sergei Pavlovich Korolev, Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin and others appeared on the maps of the far side of the Moon, compiled from observations made from space probes and artificial satellites of the Moon. Detailed and accurate maps of the Moon were made from telescopic observations in the 19th century by German astronomers Johann Heinrich Madler, Johann Schmidt and others.

The maps were compiled in an orthographic projection for the middle libration phase, i.e., approximately the same as the Moon is visible from the Earth.

At the end of the 19th century, photographic observations of the moon began. In 1896-1910, a large atlas of the moon was published by French astronomers Maurice Loewy and Pierre Henri Puiseux from photographs taken at the Paris Observatory; later, a photographic album of the Moon was published by the Lick Observatory in the USA, and in the middle of the 20th century, the Dutch astronomer Gerard Copier compiled several detailed atlases of photographs of the Moon obtained with large telescopes of various astronomical observatories. With the help of modern telescopes on the Moon, you can see craters about 0.7 kilometers in size and cracks a few hundred meters wide.

Craters on the lunar surface have a different relative age: from ancient, barely distinguishable, heavily reworked formations to very clear-cut young craters, sometimes surrounded by bright "rays". At the same time, young craters overlap older ones. In some cases, the craters are cut into the surface of the lunar seas, and in others, the rocks of the seas overlap the craters. Tectonic ruptures sometimes cut through craters and seas, sometimes they themselves overlap with younger formations. The absolute age of lunar formations is known so far only at a few points.

Scientists managed to establish that the age of the youngest large craters is tens and hundreds of million years, and the bulk of large craters arose in the "pre-sea" period, i.e. 3-4 billion years ago.

Both internal forces and external influences took part in the formation of the forms of the lunar relief. Calculations of the thermal history of the Moon show that soon after its formation, the bowels were heated by radioactive heat and largely melted, which led to intense volcanism on the surface. As a result, giant lava fields and a number of volcanic craters were formed, as well as numerous cracks, ledges and more. At the same time, a huge amount of meteorites and asteroids, the remnants of a protoplanetary cloud, fell on the surface of the Moon in the early stages, during the explosions of which craters appeared - from microscopic holes to ring structures with a diameter of several tens of meters to hundreds of kilometers. Due to the lack of atmosphere and hydrosphere, a significant part of these craters has survived to this day.

Now meteorites fall on the Moon much less frequently; volcanism also largely ceased as the Moon used up a lot of thermal energy and radioactive elements were carried into the outer layers of the Moon. Residual volcanism is evidenced by the outflow of carbon-containing gases in lunar craters, the spectrograms of which were first obtained by the Soviet astronomer Nikolai Aleksandrovich Kozyrev.

The study of the properties of the Moon and its environment began in 1966 - the Luna-9 station was launched, transmitting panoramic images of the Moon's surface to Earth.

The Luna-10 and Luna-11 stations (1966) were engaged in the studies of the circumlunar space. Luna-10 became the first artificial satellite of the Moon.

At this time, the United States was also developing a program to explore the moon, called "Apollo" (The Apollo Program). It was the American astronauts who first set foot on the surface of the planet. On July 21, 1969, as part of the Apollo 11 lunar expedition, Neil Armstrong and his partner Edwin Eugene Aldrin spent 2.5 hours on the moon.

The next step in the exploration of the moon was the sending of radio-controlled self-propelled vehicles to the planet. In November 1970, Lunokhod-1 was delivered to the Moon, which covered a distance of 10,540 m in 11 lunar days (or 10.5 months) and transmitted a large number of panoramas, individual photographs of the Moon's surface and other scientific information. The French reflector mounted on it made it possible to measure the distance to the Moon with the help of a laser beam with an accuracy of fractions of a meter.

In February 1972, the Luna-20 station delivered to Earth samples of lunar soil, taken for the first time in a remote region of the Moon.

In February of the same year, the last manned flight to the Moon was made. The flight was carried out by the crew of the Apollo 17 spacecraft. A total of 12 people have landed on the moon.

In January 1973, Luna-21 delivered Lunokhod-2 to the Lemonier crater (Sea of ​​Clarity) for a comprehensive study of the transition zone between the sea and the mainland. "Lunokhod-2" worked 5 lunar days (4 months), covered a distance of about 37 kilometers.

In August 1976, the Luna-24 station delivered samples of lunar soil to Earth from a depth of 120 centimeters (the samples were obtained by drilling).

Since that time, the study of the natural satellite of the Earth has practically not been carried out.

Only two decades later, in 1990, Japan sent its artificial satellite Hiten to the Moon, becoming the third "lunar power". Then there were two more American satellites - Clementine (Clementine, 1994) and Lunar Reconnaissance (Lunar Prospector, 1998). At this, flights to the moon were suspended.

On September 27, 2003, the European Space Agency launched the SMART-1 probe from the Kourou launch site (Guiana, Africa). On September 3, 2006, the probe completed its mission and made a manned fall to the lunar surface. For three years of work, the device transmitted to Earth a lot of information about the lunar surface, and also carried out high-resolution cartography of the Moon.

At present, the study of the Moon has received a new start. Earth satellite exploration programs operate in Russia, the USA, Japan, China, and India.

According to the head of the Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos) Anatoly Perminov, the concept for the development of Russian manned cosmonautics provides for a program for the exploration of the moon in 2025-2030.

Legal issues of the exploration of the moon

The legal issues of the exploration of the moon are regulated by the “Treaty on Outer Space” (full name “Treaty on the principles of the activities of states in the exploration and use of outer space, including the Moon and other celestial bodies”). It was signed on January 27, 1967 in Moscow, Washington and London by the depositary states - the USSR, the USA and Great Britain. On the same day, the accession to the treaty of other states began.

According to it, the exploration and use of outer space, including the Moon and other celestial bodies, is carried out for the benefit and in the interests of all countries, regardless of the degree of their economic and scientific development, and space and celestial bodies are open to all states without any discrimination on the basis of equality. .

The moon, in accordance with the provisions of the Outer Space Treaty, should be used "exclusively for peaceful purposes", any activity of a military nature is excluded on it. The list of activities prohibited on the Moon, given in Article IV of the Treaty, includes the deployment of nuclear weapons or any other types of weapons of mass destruction, the establishment of military bases, installations and fortifications, the testing of any types of weapons and the conduct of military maneuvers.

Private property on the moon

The sale of plots of the territory of the natural satellite of the Earth began in 1980, when the American Denis Hope discovered a California law from 1862, according to which no one's property passed into the possession of the one who first made a claim on it.

The Treaty on Outer Space, signed in 1967, stipulated that “outer space, including the Moon and other celestial bodies, is not subject to national appropriation,” but there was no clause stating that a space object could not be privately privatized, which and let Hope claim ownership of the moon and all the planets in the solar system, excluding Earth.

Hope opened the Lunar Embassy in the United States and organized wholesale and retail trade in the lunar surface. He successfully runs his "moon" business, selling plots on the moon to those who wish.

To become a citizen of the moon, you need to purchase a plot, get a notarized certificate of ownership, a lunar map with the designation of the site, its description, and even the Lunar Bill of Constitutional Rights. You can apply for lunar citizenship for some money by purchasing a lunar passport.

Ownership is registered at the Lunar Embassy in Rio Vista, California, USA. The process of registration and receipt of documents takes from two to four days.

At the moment, Mr. Hope is engaged in the creation of the Lunar Republic and its promotion in the UN. The failed republic has its own national holiday - Lunar Independence Day, which is celebrated on November 22.

Currently, a standard plot on the Moon has an area of ​​​​1 acre (a little more than 40 acres). Since 1980, about 1,300 thousand plots have been sold out of the approximately 5 million that were "cut" on the map of the illuminated side of the moon.

It is known that among the owners of the lunar sites are American presidents Ronald Reagan and Jimmy Carter, members of six royal families and about 500 millionaires, mostly from among Hollywood stars - Tom Hanks, Nicole Kidman, Tom Cruise, John Travolta, Harrison Ford, George Lucas, Mick Jagger, Clint Eastwood, Arnold Schwarzenegger, Dennis Hopper and others.

Lunar representative offices were opened in Russia, Ukraine, Moldova, Belarus, and more than 10 thousand residents of the CIS became the owners of the lunar lands. Among them are Oleg Basilashvili, Semyon Altov, Alexander Rosenbaum, Yuri Shevchuk, Oleg Garkusha, Yuri Stoyanov, Ilya Oleinikov, Ilya Lagutenko, as well as cosmonaut Viktor Afanasyev and other famous figures.

The material was prepared on the basis of information from RIA Novosti and open sources